Book V

. chap. I.: _How Pantagruel arrived at the Ringing Island and of the noise that we heard._--T.]

[Footnote 605: Florio's MONTAIGNE, Booke II. chap. XII.: _An Apologie of Raymond Sebond._--T.]

[Footnote 606: Hazlitt's MONTAIGNE, _Journey into Italy._--T.]

[Footnote 607: _Cf._ Florio's MONTAIGNE, Booke III. chap. IX.: _Of Vanitie._ "Amongst her vaine favours I have none doth so much please my fond self-pleasing conceit as an authenticke bull, charter or patent of denizenship or borgeouship of Rome, which at my last being there, was granted me by the whole Senate of that citie--garish and trimly adorned with goodly seales, and written in faire golden letters--bestowed upon me with all gracious and free liberalitie."--T.]

[Footnote 608: Hazlitt's** MONTAIGNE, _Journey into Italy._--T.]

[Footnote 609: Torquato Tasso.--T.]

[Footnote 610: Florio's MONTAIGNE: Booke II. chap. XII.: _An Apologie of Raymond Sebond._--T.]

[Footnote 611: Leonora Baroni (1611-1670), esteemed by her contemporaries one of the finest singers of the world. Milton heard her at Cardinal Barberini's concerts. She married, in 1640, Giulio Cesare Castellani, who died in 1662.--T.]

[Footnote 612: _Cf._ MILTON, _Epigrammatum: Liber VI. Ad Leonoram Romæ canentem_; VII. _Ad Eandem_; VIII. _Ad Eandem._ Milton has left no written account of his journey to Rome.--T.]

[Footnote 613: Françoise Dame de Motteville (_circa_ 1621-1689), _née_ Bertaud, married in 1639 to Nicolas Langlois, Sieur de Motteville, who died two years later. She is the author of the _Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire d'Anne d'Autriche_, first published in 1723, in which Leonora Baroni is mentioned.--T.]

[Footnote 614: Jules Cardinal Mazarin (1602-1661), Prime Minister of France after the death of Richelieu.--T.]

[Footnote 615: Antoine Arnauld (1616-1698), author of some agreeable Memoirs.--B.]

[Footnote 616: Henri II. de Lorraine, fifth Duc de Guise (1614-1664), a famous general and adventurer. He took part in the Neapolitan rebellion of 1647, defeated the Spanish troops and placed himself at the head of the government. But his exploits in gallantry turned the nobles against him; they opened the gates of the town to the enemy, and the duke was captured and kept a prisoner in Spain until 1652. In 1654, he was appointed Grand Chamberlain of France.--T.]

[Footnote 617: Louis Deshayes, Baron de Courmenin (_d._ 1632), had been charged with various missions by Louis XIII. to the Levant, Denmark, Persia and Muscovy. He entered into a conspiracy against the Cardinal de Richelieu and was beheaded, at Béziers, in 1632.--T.]

[Footnote 618: Philippe Emmanuel Marquis de Coulanges (_circa_ 1631-1716), first cousin to Madame de Sévigné, whose letters to him are printed at the end of his Memoirs, first published in 1820.--T.]

[Footnote 619: Jacques Spon (1647-1685), a French Protestant physician and antiquary, visited Italy, Greece and the Levant, about 1675, and left a record of his travels, besides other works. He left France at the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685), and died soon after at Vevey.--T.]

[Footnote 620: François Maximilien Misson (_d._ 1722), another Protestant writer, took refuge in England, in 1685, and there had charge of the education of a young nobleman with whom he had been travelling in Germany and Italy. His _Nouveau voyage en Italie_ (1691-1698) is on the _Index._ A later edition (1722) is enriched with notes by Addison.--T.]

[Footnote 621: Jean Dumont, Baron von Carlskron (_circa_ 1660-1726), a distinguished publicist, travelled all over Europe. The work from which the following quotation is taken is his _Voyages en France, en Italie, en Allemagne, à Malte et en Turquie_ (1699). The Emperor of Germany made him his historiographer and a baron.--T.]

[Footnote 622: Joseph Addison (1672-1719) prepared himself for the diplomatic service by travel and study on the Continent (1699-1703). His works included a _Letter from Italy_ in verse, written as he was crossing the Alps in 1701 and published in 1703, and _Remarks on several Parts of Italy_ (1705). His tragedy of _Cato_ was also written in Italy.--T.]

[Footnote 623: Now in the Louvre in Paris.--T.]

[Footnote 624: Now in the Capitoline Museum, Rome.--T.]

[Footnote 625: Now in the Vatican.--T.]

[Footnote 626: Now in the Atrio Quadrato, leading out of the Belvedere Gallery.--T.]

[Footnote 627: _Anglicè_ in the original.--T.]

[Footnote 628: Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux (1636-1711), the famous French poet and academician (1684).--T.]

[Footnote 629: Jean Baptiste Labat (1663-1738), a Dominican friar, was sent by his Order to Martinique, in 1693, and remained stationed in the Antilles till 1705. He visited Rome in 1706. His many works include a _Voyage en Espagne et en Italie_ (1730).--T.]

[Footnote 630: The coast of Senegambia was visited, in the fourteenth century, by Dieppe and Rouen merchants, who established markets there.--T.]

[Footnote 631: PROP. I. ii.; _Ad Cynthiam_, I.--T.]

[Footnote 632: CHATEAUBRIAND, _Martyrs_,