Chapter XVIII
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_Purfled._ Lined and bordered or garnished.
_Purpure._ A colour: No. 56.
_Pursuivant._ A Herald of the lowest rank. In the Middle Ages, these officers were attached to the households of personages of high rank, and bore titles generally taken from the armorial insignia of their lords.
_Quadrate._ A form of cross: No. 94.
_Quarter._ The first (from the dexter chief) of the divisions of a shield that is parted per cross, as in No. 30; also any other division of a shield, to be specified in blazoning. See No. 36, and _Canton_.
_Quartering._ Marshalling two or more coats of arms in the different quarters of the same shield. When two coats are thus quartered, the one in the first quarter is repeated in the fourth, and the one in the second in the third; when three are quartered, the first quartering is repeated in the fourth quarter. Any required number of coats may be quartered on the same principle. This same term is also applied to denote the dividing a shield "_quarterly_," as in No. 30, or into more than four divisions, as in No. 36.
[Illustration: Nos. 289-292.--CIRCLETS OF ROYAL CORONETS No. 289. Prince of Wales.] No. 290. King's Daughters and Younger Sons.] No. 291. King's Grandchildren.] No. 292. Royal Dukes.]
_Quarterly._ A shield divided into four divisions, as in No. 30: each division to contain a complete coat of arms, or a distinct heraldic device or composition. Should the shield be divided into more than four sections, the number is to be specified: thus, No. 36 is "_quarterly of eight_," &c. See Nos. 252, 253.
_Quarterly Quartering_ and _Quartered_. The quartering of a "quarter" of a shield that is divided "quarterly"; also distinguished as "_Compound Quartering_." See page 34.
_Quatrefoil._ A flower or figure having four foils or conjoined leaves, No. 293. In modern cadency a _Double Quatrefoil_ is the difference of the ninth son.
_Queue Fourchée._ Having a forked tail; No. 181.
[Illustration: No. 293.--Quatrefoil.]
[Illustration: No. 294.--The Ragged Staff Badge.]
_Quilled._ Used to blazon the quills of feathers: thus, a blue feather having its quill golden is blazoned--_A feather az., quilled or_.
_Radiant._ Encircled with rays.
_Rayonée._ Formed of Rays.
_Ragulée_, _Raguly_. Serrated, as No. 38, G. A "ragged staff," No. 294, is a part of a stem from which the branches have been cut off roughly. This "ragged staff," or "_staff ragulée_," is the famous badge of the BEAUCHAMPS, and, derived from them, of the NEVILLES. No. 294 is from the monument of the great Earl, RICHARD DE BEAUCHAMP, K.G., who died in 1439, at Warwick.
_Rampant_, _Rampant Guardant_ and _Reguardant_. Nos. 171, 172; when _reguardant_, the animal looks backward.
_Rebus._ An allusive charge or device. A cask, or _tun_, to represent the final syllable "_ton_" of many surnames, is frequently found. I give a few examples of several varieties of Rebus:--JOHN OXNEY, Canterbury--An eagle (the emblem of _St. John_ the Evangelist, to denote "_John_") standing on an _ox_, charged on its side with the letters _N E_. JOHN WHEATHAMSTEDE, St. Albans--An eagle and an Agnus Dei (the emblems of _St. John_ the Evangelist and _St. John_ the Baptist, to denote "_John_"), and clusters of _ears of wheat_. JOHN RAMRYGE, St. Albans--A _ram_, gorged with a collar inscribed with the letters _R Y G E_. WOODSTOCK--The stump or _stock of a tree_. Abbot ISLIP, Westminster--A man falling from a tree, exclaiming, "I slip!" and a human _eye_, and a _slip_ (small branch of a tree). WALTER LYHART, Norwich--_A hart_ (stag) _ly_ing down in _water_. An _owl_, with the letters _D O M_ on a scroll in its beak, for BISHOP OLDHAM, at Exeter. A church ("_kirk_") on a _tun_, with a pastoral staff and the initial R, for Abbot ROBERT KIRTON, No. 295; and a _bird_ on a _tun_, and a _tree_ growing out of a _tun_, for BURTON and ASHTON, all at Peterborough. At Wells, with an initial T, a fire-_beacon_ planted _in_ a _tun_, for Bishop THOMAS BECKYNGTON, No. 296; and at Lullinstone, Kent, in stained glass, the shield of Sir JOHN PECHÉ, A.D. 1522--_Az., a lion rampt. queue fourchée erm., crowned or_--is encircled by _peach-branches fructed and in foliage, each peach being charged with the letter É_, No. 297; the crest-wreath also is formed of a similar peach-branch.
_Recercelée._ A variety of the heraldic cross: No. 98.
_Reflexed_, _Reflected_. Curved and carried backwards.
_Reguardant._ Looking backwards: see No. 182.
_Rein-deer._ Heraldically drawn with double antlers, one pair erect, the other drooping.
_Respecting._ Face to face--applied to creatures not of a fierce nature.
_Rest._ See _Clarion_, No. 228.
_Ribbon_, _Riband_. A diminutive of a _Bend_.
_Rising_, _Roussant_. About to fly.
_Rompu._ Broken.
[Illustration: No. 295.--Rebus of Abbot Kirton.]
[Illustration: No. 296.--Rebus of Bishop Beckyngton.]
[Illustration: No. 297.--Arms and Rebus of Sir John Peché.]
_Rose._ Represented in blazon as in Nos. 298, 299, and without leaves. The five small projecting leaves of the calyx, that radiate about the flower itself, are styled _barbs_, and when they are blazoned "proper" these barbs are green, as the "seeds" in the centre of the flower are golden. Both the "red rose" of LANCASTER and the "white rose" of YORK, but more especially the latter, are at times surrounded with rays, and each is termed a "_rose-en-soleil_," No. 300. The rose, the emblem of ENGLAND, is generally drawn like the natural flower; or with natural stem, branches, leaves, and buds, but with heraldic rose-flowers. In modern cadency the heraldic rose is the difference of the seventh son.
_Roundle._ See page 72.
_Rustre._ A mascle pierced with a circular opening: No. 144.
_Sable._ The colour black: No. 54.
_Sagittary._ The fabulous centaur, half man and half horse.
[Illustration: Nos. 298, 299.--Heraldic Roses.]
[Illustration: No. 300.--Rose en Soleil.]
_Salamander._ An imaginary being, supposed to live in flames of fire; it is represented sometimes as a kind of lizard, and at other times (as in the crest of Earl DOUGLAS, A.D. 1483) as a quadruped somewhat like a dog, breathing flames.
_Salient._ Leaping or bounding.
_Saltire._ An ordinary, in form a diagonal cross: Nos. 120, 121, 122. _Saltire-wise_, or _in saltire_. Arranged after the form of a saltire.
_Sanglier._ A wild boar.
_Sans._ Without. "_Sans nombre_," without any number fixed or specified.
_Savage-man_, or _Wood-man_. A wild man, naked except large wreaths of leaves about his head and loins, and carrying a club.
[Illustration: No. 301.--Crest of Hamilton.]
_Saw_, or _Frame-saw_. Borne as the crest of HAMILTON, Duke of HAMILTON, which is thus blazoned--_Out of a ducal crest-coronet or, an oak-tree fructed and penetrated transversely in the main stem by a frame-saw ppr., the frame gold; above the crest the motto_, "THROUGH!" This device is said to commemorate the escape into Scotland, in 1323, of Sir GILBERT HAMILTON, a reputed ancestor of the present ducal house. At the court of EDWARD II. Sir Gilbert had unadvisedly expressed admiration for ROBERT BRUCE, on which JOHN LE DESPENCER struck him. Despencer fell in single combat the next day, and Hamilton fled, hotly pursued, northward. Near the border the fugitive and a faithful esquire joined some wood-cutters, assumed their dress, and commenced working with them on an oak, when the pursuers passed by. Hamilton, saw in hand, observed his esquire anxiously watching their enemies as they passed, and at once recalled his attention to his woodman's duties by the word, "Through!"--thus, at the same time, appearing to consider the cutting down the oak to be far more important than the presence of the strangers. So they passed by, and Hamilton followed in safety. This crest does not appear in the Hamilton seals till long after the days of Bruce and his admirer, Sir Gilbert: No. 301.
_Scarpe_, _Escarpe_. A diminutive of a _Bend sinister_.
_Scintillant._ Emitting sparks.
_Seax._ A Saxon sword.
_Seeded._ Having seeds or seed-vessels, as in the centre of an heraldic rose. See Nos. 298-300.
_Segreant._ A term applied to a griffin when rampant.
_Sejant._ Sitting.
_Semée._ Sown broadcast or scattered, without any fixed number, over the field; parts of the charge thus semée appearing at the border-lines of the composition. See Nos. 247, 250, 252.
_Shake-fork._ Resembles the letter Y, but does not extend to the margin of the shield, and is pointed at its extremities.
_Shamrock._ A trefoil plant or leaf, the badge of IRELAND.
_Shield_, or _Escutcheon_. The Shield of Heraldry is fully described at page 32. See also Nos. 27, 39-49.
_Ship._ Sometimes blazoned as a modern vessel, but sometimes also as an ancient galley. See _Lymphad_.
_Shoveller._ A species of duck.
_Simple Quartering._ Dividing a shield quarterly, with the quartering of any of the quarters. See _Quartering_.
_Sinister._ The left side. No. 27.
_Sinople._ The colour _vert_ in French Heraldry.
_Sixfoil._ A flower of six leaves: No. 302.
_Slipped._ Having a stalk, as a leaf or branch: No. 309.
_Spear._ The spear or lance is not of common occurrence in blazon; but it appears, with heraldic propriety, in the arms granted in 1596 to the father of the great poet, who bore--_Or, on a bend sa. a spear gold, the head arg._--the arms of SHAKESPEARE, No. 303. (In the woodcut the bend is accidentally shaded for _gules_, instead of _sable_.)
[Illustration: No. 303.--Arms of Shakespeare.]
_Spur._ Not common as an heraldic charge. Before about 1320 the spur had a single point, and was known as the "pryck-spur"; about that time appeared a "rouelle-spur" of simple form; in the middle of the fifteenth century spurs of extravagant length were introduced.
_SS., Collar of._ See _Collar_, and No. 231.
_Stafford-knot._ No. 304.
_Stall-plate._ A plate bearing the arms of a knight and placed in his stall. The stall-plates of the Knights of the GARTER and the BATH are severally placed in the Chapels of ST. GEORGE and of HENRY VII., at Windsor and Westminster. The earliest plates now in existence at Windsor, though many of them bear arms of an earlier date, were executed about 1430.
_Standard._ A long narrow flag, introduced for the purpose of heraldic display, in the time of EDWARD III., but not in general use till a later period. Standards generally had the Cross of ST. GEORGE next the staff, to which succeeded the badge or badges and the motto of the owner. See
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