CHAPTER VI

PETER THE GREAT (1684-1725 A.D.) 249

The childhood and youth of Peter, 251. Peter asserts control, 253. Military reforms, 255. Azov taken from the Turks, 256. Schemes of conquest, 258. Conspiracy to murder Peter, 258. Peter travels to acquire knowledge, 259. Peter in Holland, England and Austria, 261. The insurrection of the Strelitz, 265. War with Sweden, 265. Rallying from defeat, 267. The antecedents of an empress, 268. Military success: Foundation of St. Petersburg, 269. Renewed hostilities, 272. Polish affairs, 273. Charles XII invades Russia, 275. Revolt of the Cossacks of the Don; Mazeppa, 277. Mazeppa joins Charles XII; Pultowa, 279. Peter and the Powers, 281. Catherine acknowledged as Peter’s wife, 281. War with Turkey, 282. Catherine’s heroism: the Peace of Pruth, 283. War with Sweden, 285. A naval victory; Peter’s triumph, 286. Peter at the height of power, 287. Peter’s second European tour, 289. The czarevitch Alexis disinherited, 294. Death of the czarevitch Alexis, 297. Domestic affairs, 299. Renewed hostilities with Sweden, 302. Peter as administrator, 304. The church and the aristocracy, 309. Commerce with the East, 311. War with Persia, 312. Last years and death of Peter, 314. Soloviev’s estimate of Peter’s work, 318. Kostomarov’s estimate of Peter, 323. Haxthausen’s estimate of Peter’s influence, 326.

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