X.

TANNER’S NOTITIA MONASTICA FOR CORNWALL, FROM NASMITH’S EDITION, FOLIO, 1787, WITH ADDITIONS.

(For these additions I am indebted to Sir Henry Ellis, F.R.S. Sec. S.A. one of the Editors of the New Edition of Dugdale’s Monasticon. EDIT.)

I. ST. ANTONY, _or_ Antonine.

In this county were two priories of this name, which are often confounded by some of our writers.

1. BENEDICTINE CELL. One was a cell of Black monks of Angiers, belonging to Trewardreth priory[84], and being mentioned in Gervase of Canterbury’s catalogue must be as early as K. Richard I.st’s time. The rectory here, as parcel of the possessions of Tywardreith, was granted, _6 Eliz._ to William and John Killigrew.

2. AUSTIN CELL. The other, St. Anthony’s near St. Mawes, was a small priory of two Austin canons subordinate to Plimpton[85], and as parcel of the same was granted, _38 Hen. 8._ to Thomas Goodwin.

II. ST. BENNETT’S, _in the parish of_ Lanivet.

NUNNERY. The tower whereof is yet standing.[86]

III. ST. BLAISE _near_ Fowey, _in the deanry of_ Poudre.

ALMSHOUSE. An old almshouse.[87]

IV. BODMIN, _olim_ Bosmanna.[88]

1. AUSTIN CANONS. The body of St. Petroc being removed[89] to this place, there was a church built to his memory, and the episcopal see for Cornwall was therein placed by K. Edward the elder and archbishop Plegmund, A.D. 905.[90] Here K. Æthelstan is reported to have met with old Saxon, or rather British, monks following the rule of St. Benedict, to whom he granted so great privileges and endowments, that he is accounted founder of the monastery here, about A.D. 926. That settlement was destroyed by the Danish pirates, A.D. 981, yet the Religious continued here under several shapes,[91] and much alienations of their lands, both before and after the Conquest, till about the year 1120, when one Algar, with the king’s licence and the consent of Will. Warlewast bishop of Exeter, re-established this religious house, and placed therein Regular canons of the order of St. Austin, who continued till the general suppression, when it was styled the priory of St. Mary and St. Petroc,[92] and was valued at 270_l._ 0_s._ 11_d._ _per ann._ Dugd. 289_l._ 11_s._ 11_d._ Speed. The site, with the demesnes, were granted, _36 Hen. 8._ to Tho. Sternhold, one of the first translators of the Psalms into English metre.

_Vide_ Mon. Angl. tom. i. 213. ex Leland. Collect. vol. i. p. 75, 76. Et ibid. p. 227. cartam Ethelredi regis de episcopo Cornubiæ apud S. Petrocum, et libertatibus eidem concessis. Ibid. tom. ii. p. 5. cart. 57 Hen. 3. m. 9. confirm. cartam Eadredi regis priori et canonicis de Bodmine, de manerio de Niwetone. Leland. Itin. vol. ii. p. 114. vol. iii. p. 12. In Itinerario Will. de Worcestre, p. 100. 111. de fundatione et dimensione ecclesiæ; p. 107. excerpta ex kalendario principalis Libri Antiphoner: p. 111. nomina nobilium et generosorum in kalendario memoratorum: p. 112. ex registro. Cart. Antiq. D. n. 40, 41. Cart. 36 Hen. 3. m. 18. pro manerio de Neweton. Cart. 13 Ed. 1. n. 9. et 66. pro piscaria in Alan, bosco in Bodan, et aliis libertatibus. Cart. 6 Ed. 2. n. 1. Cart. 9 Ed. 3. n. 41. pro emptione stanni: Pat. 19. Ed. 3. p. 2. m. d. de visu franci plegii infra villam: Pat. 48 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 12. de XL _s._ redd. exeunt. de burgo, et boscis de Kingswood et Kelleritho. Pat. 3 Ric. 2. p. 2. m. 25. Pat. 1 Hen. 4. p. 8. m. 34. Pat. 1 Hen. 6. p. 3. m. 24. Pat. 3 Hen. 6. p. 1. m. 11. Pat. 3 Ed. 4. p. 1. m.

2. HOSPITAL. About a mile from Bodmin is St. Laurence,[93] a poor hospital or lazarhouse,[94] on the east; well endowed for nineteen leprous people, two whole men and women, and a priest to minister unto them.[95]

_Vide_ Leland. Itin. vol. ii. p. 115. vol. iii. p. 12.

3. ALMSHOUSE. At the west end of the town was a chapel and an almshouse,[96] but not endowed with lands.[97]

_Vide_ Leland. Itin. vol. ii. p. 115.

4. GREY FRIERS. A house of Grey friers on the south side of the market-place, begun by John of London a merchant, and augmented by Edmund earl of Cornwall.[98] After the dissolution this friery was granted to one William Abbot, _37 Hen. 8._ and in Q. Elizabeth’s time it was made the house of correction for the county.[99]

_Vide_ Leland. Itin. vol. ii. p. 115. vol. iii. p. 12. Stevens’[100] Supplement, vol. i. p. 154. In Itinerario Will. de Worcestre, p. 99. de fundatione et excerpta quædam ex kalendario. [Harl. MS. 6964. p. 77. Hoveden, Script. post Bedam, fol. 324. Domesd. tom. i. fol. 120. b. 121. MS. Cole, Brit. Mus. vol. xxvii. 184 b. H.E.]

V. ST. BURIEN, _in the deanry of_ Trigge Minor.

COLLEGE. King Ethelstan is said to have built and endowed a collegiate church almost at the Land’s End,[101] and to have granted the benefit of a sanctuary and other privileges to the same, in honor of St. Buriena or Beriana a holy woman from Ireland, who had an oratory and was buried here. At the Conquest here were Secular canons,[102] as there were a dean and three prebendaries at the time of making the Lincoln taxation _20 Ed. 1._ and also down to _26 Hen. 8._ though this deanery was seized into the king’s hands _temp. Ed. 3._ by reason that Mr. John de Maunte then incumbent, was a Frenchman; and as alien, was given, _24 Hen. 6._ to King’s college in Cambridge, and afterward by K. Edward 4. (_anno regni 7_.) to Windsor college;[103] yet neither of those societies long enjoyed, or had any benefit from it; for it was all along, and still continues, an independent deanry, in the gift of the crown or of the duke of Cornwall, of exempt jurisdiction as a royal free chapel.[104] The deanry or rectory, _26 Hen. 8._ was valued at 48_l._ 12_s._ 1_d._ _per ann._ Prebenda parva 2_l._ 8_s._ 4_d._ Prebenda de Respernel 7_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ Prebenda de Tirthney 7_l._

_Vide_ Coke’s Institutes, vol. i. p. 344. Roll’s Abridgement, p. 2. f. 341. Prynne’s Papal Usurpations, vol. iii. p. 933. Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 18. vol. vii. p. 117. In bibl. Harleiana, ms. 980. p. 212. of the exemption of the dean from episcopal jurisdiction and proceedings thereon, 26 Ed. 3. ms. 7048. p. 343. collectiones e chronico eccl. S. Burianæ. De exemptione hujus ecclesiæ a jurisdictione episc. Exon. plac. term. S. Hill; 8 Ed. 2. ms. penes V. cl. Andr. Fountaine equ. aur. p. 167, &c. Fragmentum registri hujus collegii tempore Roberti Knollys decani, viz. ab anno 1473. ad annum 1485. ms. haud ita pridem in bibl. RR. P. DD. Joannis Moore episc. Eliensis, nunc in bibl. publica acad. Cantab. Ee. v. 34. Cart. 15 Joan. m. 2. n. 42. Cart. 30 Ed. 1. n. 26. pro mercato die Sabbati, et feria in vigilia, die, et crast. S. Martini in hieme apud S. Burien. Pat. 9 Ed. 2. p. 1. m. 10 vel 20. Plac. coram rege, 12 Ed. 2. Mich. rot. 128. Ibid. 17 Ed. 2. Trin. rot. 90. Pat. 1 Ed. 3. p. 3. m. 13. de prebenda de Trethin, &c. Claus. 11 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 13. Plac. coram rege, 13 Ed. 3. … rot.. Escaet. Corn. 20 Ed. 3. n. 32. Pat. 20 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 15. Pat. 31 Ed. 3. p. 3. m. 9. Pat. 24 Hen. 6. p. 3. m. 28. pro appropriatione hujus decanatus collegio S. Nicholai in Acad. Cantab. Pat. 1 Ed. 4. p. 3. m. 24. [MS. Lansd. Brit. Mus. 966. Ex Chronico quodam Ecclesiæ Sanctæ Burianæ in Cornub. MS. penes Matth. Hutton, S.T.P. fol. 11. b. Harl. MS. 6958. pp. 219, 220, 224, 241, 253. 6959. pp. 260, 286. 6960. pp. 25, 68. 6961. pp. 48, 86, 198, 205. 6962. pp. 20, 98, 128. 6963. pp. 72, 122. MS. Cole, vol. xxvii. fol. 184 b. Domesd. tom. i. fol. 121. Mr. Moyle’s Works, i. p. 247. H. E.]

VI. CONSTANTYN, _in the deanry of_ Kerryer.

This seems to have been a church of more than ordinary note, by what is said in Domesday Book under the title _Ecclesiæ aliquorum Sanctorum_; scil. “S. Constantinus tenet dim. hidam terræ, quæ fuit quieta ab omni servitio T. R. E. sed postquam comes terram accepit, reddebat geldum injuste, sicut terra villanorum.” This church was afterwards appropriate to the dean and chapter of Exeter, who are still the patrons of it.

[Domesd. tom. i. fol. 121. H. E.]

VII. ENDELLION, _in the deanry of_ Trigge Minor.

COLLEGE. In the parish church here, dedicated to St. Endelienta, were three prebends or portions before _20 Ed. 1._[105] and subsist to this day, and have incumbents under the titles of Bodmin or the King’s prebend, Marney’s prebend, and Trehaverock prebend, taxed each at 5_l._ _per ann._ _26 Hen. 8._

VIII. ST. GERMANS.

AUSTIN CANONS. Here was a collegiate church of ancient foundation in honor of St. German, one of the famous French bishops, who came over into Britain to oppose the Pelagian heresy. K. Ethelstan is said to have made one Conon bishop here, A.D. 936, though it seems more probable that the episcopal see for Cornwall was not fixed here till after the burning of the bishop’s house and cathedral church at Bodmin; after which K. Canute more amply endowed this church of St. German; and, about A. D. 1050. Leofric, who was bishop here and of Crediton, having united both bishopricks in the church of St. Peter at Exeter, changed the Seculars[106] here into Regular canons.[107] The yearly revenues of this priory were valued, _26 Hen. 8._ at 243_l._ 8_s._ Dugd. Speed 227_l._ 4_s._ 8_d._ Clare, ms. Valor. The site was granted, _33 Hen. 8._ to Kath.[108] Champernoun, John Ridgway, &c.

_Vide_ Mon. Angl. tom. i. p. 213. ex Leland. Collect. i. 75. Ibid. tom. ii. p. 5, 6. inquis. 32 Ed. 3. ex rot. pat. 7 Ric. 2. p. 1. m. 24. de fundatione et dotatione. Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 40. vol. vii. p. 122. Cartas, &c. penes Edw. Elliot de eadem. Fin. 6 Hen. 3. m. 5. de mercat. ibid. Cart. 6 Ed. 2. n. 1. Pat. 17 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 32. de mercato et feria in villa S. Germani, et de lib. war. in Lamash: Pat. 31 Ed. 3. p. 3. m. 8. pro ten. in Lanrake: Plac. coram reg. 37 Ed. 3. rot. 9. Pat. 38 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 46. Pat. 43 Ed. 3. p. 1. m. 23 vel 43. Pat. 2 Rich. 2. p. 1. m. 47. pro ten. in Pollersek, Trewint, Todisford, Lancottock, &c. Pat. 9 Ric. 2. p. 1. m.. rex restituit prioratum S. Germani (qui fuit de fundatione Leofrici episc. et quem rex recuperaverat in curia sua adversus Jo. Grandison episc. Exon.) episc. Exon. et successoribus: Pat. 16 Ric. 2. p. 1. m. 27. de redd. in Trethinek, Morna, &c. Pat. 11 Hen. 6. p. 1. m. 17. pro ten. in Frogwell, Tenepath, &c. [Stowe’s Annals, edit. 1592. p. 120. Domesd. tom. i. fol. 120 b. H. E.]

IX. HELSTON, _in the deanry of_ Kerrier.

HOSPITAL. A priory or hospital at the west-south-west end of the town, of the foundation of one Kellegrew,[109] dedicated to St. John Baptist.[110] It was endowed only with 12_l._ 16_s._ 4_d._ _per ann._ Dugd. 14_l._ 7_s._ 4_d._ Speed.

_Vide_ Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 23. Registrum Edm. Stafford episc. Exon. f. 135.

X. ST. KARENTOC, _or_ Crantoc, _near_ Padstow, _in the deanry of_ Pider.

COLLEGE. Here were Secular canons[111] _temp. Edw. Conf._ who continued till the general dissolution, when its yearly revenues were valued at 89_l._ 15_s._ 8_d._ which were divided amongst the dean, nine prebendaries,[112] and four vicars choral.[113] This collegiate church was dedicated to St. Carantocus, said to be a disciple of St. Patric, and was in the patronage of the bishop of Exeter,[114] but now in John Buller of Mowall, esq.

_Vide_ in Prynne’s Papal Usurpations, vol. ii. p. 736. Claus. 34 Hen. 3. m. 15. Pat. 29 Hen. 3. m. 7. Pat. 43 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 31. Pat. 44 Ed. 3. p. 1. m. 23.

[Domesd. tom. i. fol. 121. H. E.]

XI. LAMMANA.

BENEDICTINE CELL. The abbey of Glastonbury had sometime a cell here, dedicated to St. Michael.

_Vide_ Adami de Domerham historia de rebus gestis Glastoniensibus, p. 423. ut prioratus de Basselake et de Lamena ad ordinacionem conventus pertineant. Et in Auctuario eidem historiæ annexo, p. 599. cartam Hastuti filii Johannis de Solenneio de insula de Lamana: p. 600. Roberti de Cardinay de uno ferlingo terræ de Trewodlowan: p. 601. Rogeri filii Willelmi de terra de Lamman: p. 602. compositionem inter conventum Glaston et conventum de Lanstaventone de decimis in dominico Odonis de Portlo; p. 603. cartam Ricardi comiti Cornubiæ de Lammana.

XII. LANACHEBRAN, _or_ Lan-a-Kebran, _alias_ St. Kevran,[115] _in the deanry of_ Kerrier.

CISTERTIAN CELL. Here was a society of Secular canons, at or about the time of the Conquest, dedicated to St. Achebran:[116] and afterwards here was a cell of Cistertian monks, subordinate to Beaulieu abbey in Hampshire,[117] and the manor here, as parcel of the possessions of Beaulieu, was granted, _2 Eliz._ to Francis earl of Bedford.

_Vide_ in registro W. Bronscomb episc. Exon. ordinationem vicariæ S. Keverani, quam abbas de Bello Loco habet in proprios usus. Pat. 2 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 27. Plac. coram rege, 16 Ed. 3. Pasch. rot. 230. Pat. 18 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 4. Pat. 19 Ed. 3. m …. Pat. 49 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 10. pro privilegiis allocandis.

[Domesd. tom. i. fol. 121. H. E.]

XIII. LAUNCELS, _in the deanry of_ Trigge Minor.

CELL to the abbey of Hertland.[118]

XIV. LAUNCESTON, _olim_ Lanstaveton, _i. e._ Fanum S. Stephani.

1. AUSTIN CANONS. There was a college of Secular[119] canons before the Conquest, in the church of St. Stephen,[120] about half a mile from this town, which being given to the bishop and church of Exeter by king Henry I.[121] it was suppressed before A.D. 1126. by Will. Warlewast bishop of Exeter, who in lieu of it founded in the west suburb under the castle hill,[122] a priory for canons[123] of the order of St. Austin, which was also dedicated to St. Stephen, to which he gave the best part of the college lands.[124] The yearly revenues of this monastery were rated, _26 Hen. 8._ at 354_l._ 0_s._ 11_d._, _q._ Dugd. 392_l._ 11_s._ 2_d._ _q._ Speed.[125]

_Vide_ in Mon. Angl. tom. ii. p. 107. quæ Leland. in Itin. vol. ii. p. 110. habet de Launceston: et cart. 13 Hen. 3. p. 1. m. 10. recit. per Inspex. cart. R. Joan. anno regni primo. Lelandi Collect. vol. i. p. 76. ejusdem Itin. vol. ii. p. 109. vol. iii. p. 132, 133. vol. vii. p. 123. In Itin. Will. de Worcestre, p. 134. dimensiones ecclesiæ, de fundatione, excerpta ex kalendario. In Auctuario ad Adamum de Domerham, p. 602. compositionem inter abbatem et conventum Glaston, et priorem et conventum de Lanstaventone de decimis in dominico dom. Odonis de Portlo. Registrum hujus prioratus, penes magistrum Ric. Escot de hosp. Lincoln. Registrum prioratus de Launceston, ms. in bibl. Bodl. Oxon. Tanner. 196. Pat. 13 Hen. 3. m. 7. pro maner. de Cloveston. Pat. 3 Ed. 1. m. 24. de terris in Tottesden: Pat. 11 Ed. 1. m. 1. vel 2. Pat. 1 Ed. 3. p. 3. m. 14. vel. 15. Pat. 16 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 1. Pat. 1 Ric. 2. p. 2. m. 3. pro ten. in Newport; Ibid. p. 3. m. 19. Pat. 6 Ric. 2. p. 3. m.. Pat. 12 Ric. 2. p. 2. m. 24. pro mess. voc. _Shiphouse_ in Treburdesk: Pat. 16 Ric. 2. p. 2. m. 31. de mess. et terris in Newland, Landren, Leskard, &c. Pat. 19 Ric. 2. p. 2. m. 35. pro vicariis S. Tallini, de Tallam S. Mellorii, &c. Parl. 4 Hen. 4. petitionem contra priorem de vicariis de Lyskeret, Larkinham, et Tallum. Inquis. Corn. 1 Hen. 5. n. 51. de Bernhay: Pat. 2 Hen. 5. p. 3. m. 32 vel 33. Rec. in scacc. 10 Hen. 6. Trin. rot. 5. Pat. 19 Ed. 4. m. 5 vel 6.

2. ST. LEONARD’S HOSPITAL. An hospital for lepers in this town, dedicated to St. Leonard, is mentioned[126] pat. 6 Ric. 2. p. 3.

3. FRIERY. Mr. Carew[127] mentions a friery to have been here, besides the abbey or priory.

[MS. Lansdown. Brit. Mus. 939. fol. 21 b. Ex Registro Priorat. de Launceston MS. apogr. inter Libros olim Will. Griffith. Domesd. tom. i. fol. 120, 120 b. Harl. MS. 6958. pp. 180, 182. In Thorpe’s Cat. of MSS. 1833. No. 281. is a “Survey of the lands belonging to the Priory at Launceston, at the Dissolution of the Monasteries, 1539, 31 Hen. VIII. a contemporary Record, a long roll, upon paper, in fine condition, £16 16.” H. E.]

XV. LESKARD, _or_ Minhenned, _near_ Leskard.

HOSPITAL. Here was anciently a house for lepers,[128] for there is an indulgence granted by Edm. Stafford bishop of Exeter, to all those who should contribute to the hospital of St. Mary Magdalen at Leskard, about A.D. 1400.[129]

XVI. ST. MARTIN’S.

NUNNERY.[130]

XVII. MARY WEEK, _in the deanry of_ Trigge Minor.

COLLEGE. A college[131] and school here, as Carew.

XVIII. ST. MAWES.[132]

In the cart. roll of the fifteenth year of K. John, m. 2. n. 42. there is a grant of a hundred shillings _per ann._ out of the church of St. Berian in Cornwall to the monks of St. Matthew. I have not yet found any monastery elsewhere in England dedicated to that Apostle.

XIX. ST. MICHAEL’S MOUNT.

ALIEN PRIORY. A priory of Benedictine monks placed here by K. Edward the Confessor,[133] but before A.D. 1085. annexed to the abbey of St. Michael in periculo Maris in Normandy, by Robert[134] earl of Moreton and Cornwall. After the suppression of the alien priories, this was given first by K. Henry 6. to King’s college Cambridge, and afterward by K. Edward 4. to Sion abbey in Middlesex. At the first seizure of it by K. Edward 3. the farm of it was rated but at 10_l._ _per ann._ but at the time of K. Henry 8. the lands belonging to this house, as parcel of Sion, were valued at 110_l._ 12_s._ 0_d._ _ob. per ann._

_Vide_ in Mon. Angl. tom. i. p. 551. cartam S. Edwardi R. et cartas Roberti comitis et Liurici episc. Exon. Ibid. in tom. ii. p. 901, 902, 903. cartam Edmundi comitis Cornwal recitantem et confimantem donationes Ricardi patris: Cart. Alani comitis Britanniæ de x _s._ annui redditus de feria de Merdreshem: Cartam Ricardi regis Romanorum de feriis in Marhasgon: Cartam Conani ducis Britanniæ de Wath: Et bullam P. Adriani, A.D. 1155. confirmantem omnes possessiones tam in Normannia quam in Anglia cum anathemate. Du Monstrier, Neustriam piam, p.. Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 17. In Itin. Will. de Worcestre, p. 101. indulgentiam concessam visitantibus hanc ecclesiam: p. 103. dimensiones ecclesiæ: p. 129. excerpta ex kalendario. In Madox’s Formulare Anglicanum, p. 59. Rogeri de Daledich confirmationem donationis VI_s._ VIII_d._ percipiend. annuatim de fœdo de Wiscomb per Henricum de Wiscomb factæ. In Dr. Archer’s account of the religious houses in the diocese of Bath printed at the end of Hearne’s Hemingford, p. 637. of a pension of x_l._ marks out of the rectory of Mertock. In Rymeri Fœder, &c. vol. viii. p. 102. 340, 341. pat. 5 Hen. 4. p. 1. m. 21. pro restitutione hujus prioratus, qui dicitur “esse tempore guerræ fortalitium toti patriæ circumjacenti.” Registrum hujus prioratus olim penes Will. com. Sarisb. Excerpta ex isto registro penes V. cl. Joannem Anstis arm. Computos, &c. in officio Curiæ Augment. sub titulo _Syon Monasterium_. Rot. fin. 13 Ed. 2. m. 3. de terris in Lambedon: Pat. 14 Ed. 2. p. 1. m. 12. de terris in Ottriton monachorum. Pat. 22 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 30. de ten. in Trevemeny, Polker, et Breglis: Pat. 30 Ed. 3. p. 3. m. penult. Pat. 10 Hen. 6. p. 1. m. ult. Pat. 20 Hen. 6. p. 4. m. 3. de concessione hujus prioratus rectori et scholaribus S. Nicholai Cantab. Pat. 1 Ed. 4. p. 2. m. 8. Ibid. p. 3. m. 1. Claus. 2 Ed. 4. n. 13. quiet. clam. præpositi S. Nich. Cantab. abbatissæ S. Salvatoris de Syon de hoc prioratu. [Domesd. tom. i. fol. 120 b. Harl. MS. 6965. p. 86. MS. Cole, vol. xxvii. fol. 184 b. Tanner mentions a Register of this House, “penes Will. Com. Sarisb.” This Register is still at Hatfield in Lord Salisbury’s possession. It came as a Title Deed there, Sir Robert Cecil having purchased the manor of Mt. St. Michael. H. E.]

XX. MINSTER, _or_ Talcarn[135], _in the deanry of_ Trigge Minor.

ALIEN PRIORY. An alien priory to the abbey of St. Sergius and Bachus at Angiers.

_Vide_ Mon. Angl. i. p. 1036. ex pat. 48 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 3. “Prior de Minstre habet apud Pilesfunte de redditu xx. sol.” Taxat. Lincoln; In Bundell. benef. alienig. 48 Ed. 3. “Minster prior alienigena habet in proprios usus ecclesias de Minster et Bodecastell:” In the account of knight’s fees in Mr. Carew’s Survey of Cornwall, f. 41. b. “Prior de Ministre tenet. i. par. feod. mort, in Polifant, 3 Hen. 4.” Year Books, 32 Hen. 6. 13, 14.

XXI. NEWPORT _near_ Launceston.

HOSPITAL. Here is an old hospital for lazars, dedicated to St. Thomas, which was well endowed and governed in Mr. Carew’s time.[136]

XXII. NYOTT, _olim_ Neotstoke,[137] _or_ Neotstow, _or_ St. Guerir, _in the deanry of_ West.

MONASTERY DESTROYED. Here was a monastery[138] or college[139] founded in honor of St. Neotus, brother[140] to K. Alfred, who was here buried, which continued till after the Conquest. The church here belonged to Montacute priory in Somersetshire.

_Vide_ in Joanne Glastoniensi, p. 111. historiolam fundationis hujus monasterii. Stevens’ Supplement, vol. i. p. 217. [Domesd. tom. i. fol. 121. H. E.]

XXIII. PETROCSTOW, _or_ Padstow, _olim_ Loderic, _or_ Laffenac, _or_ Adelston,[141] _in the deanry of_ Pydre.

MONASTERY DESTROYED. St. Petroc, a religious man born in Wales, but coming from Ireland, is said to have built a monastery on the north coast of Cornwall, about A.D. 520 and to have been there buried;[142] his body was afterward removed to Bodmin.

[Harl. MS. 6964. p. 77.――H. E.]

XXIV. PENRYN, _alias_ Glaseney, _in the parish of_ Gluvias _and deanry of_ Kerrier.

COLLEGE. Walter Bronescomb the good bishop[143] of Exeter,[144] about the year 1270,[145] built a collegiate church on a moor called Glasenith, at the bottom of his park at Penryn, to the honor of the blessed Virgin Mary and St. Thomas of Canterbury. It consisted of a provost, a sacrist, eleven prebendaries,[146] seven vicars,[147] and six choristers; and was certified, _26 Hen. 8._ to be worth 210_l._ 13_s._ 2_d._ _per ann. in toto_. 205_l._ 10_s._ 6_d._ _clare_.

_Vide_ in Mon. Angl. tom. iii. p. ii. p. 56. pat. 18 Ed. 2. p. 2. m. 17. appropriationem ecclesiæ S. Alune in Cornubia. Lelandi Collect. vol. i. p. 115. ejusdem Itin. vol. iii. p. 27. vol. vii. p. 120. In Itin. Will. de Worcestre, p. 122. 128. de fundatione collegii de Penryn. In bibl. Harleiana, ms. 862. f. 118. instrumenta spectantia ad ecclesiam collegiatam de Glasney. Registrum hujus collegii, penes ―――― Parsons un. audit. scaccarii, A.D. 1706. postea penes Jacobum Mickleton de hosp. Grayensi arm. Videtur esse idem cum registro penes Joannem Row nuper de medio Templo London, arm. unde quamplurima excerpsit V. cl. Joannes Anstis arm. Pat. 8 Ed. 2. p. 2. m. 2. 17. 20 et 27. Pat. 10 Ed. 2. p. 1. m: 19. de vicariis ecclesiæ. Fin. 2 Ed. 3. m. 6. in cedula: Pat. 2 Ed. 3. p. 1. m. 36. pro ten. et eccl. in Lamerock: Pat. 26 Ed. 3. p. 3. m. 21. pro eccl. S. Justi in Penwith approprianda: Pat. 43 Ed. 3. p. 1. m. 40. d. Pat. 44 Ed. 3. p. 1. m; 10. et p. 2. m. 3. Pat. 45 Ed. 3. p. 1. m. 40. d. Pat. 8 Hen. 4. p. 2. m. 9. pro ten. in Trewtham pro cantaria apud _Bodryganes alter_ in hoc collegio. [Harl. MS. 6958. p. 294. 6960. pp. 166. 184. 234. 6961. p. 225. Ducarel’s Extr. from the Lamb. Registers in Brit. Mus. vol. ix. p. 218. H. E.]

XXV. ST. PIERAN in Zabulo, _in the deanry of_ Pydre.

COLLEGE. In the days of K. Edward the Confessor here were a dean and canons,[148] endowed with lands, and the privilege of a sanctuary.[149] The church[150] was given by K. Henry 1. to the bishop and church of Exeter, who still enjoy the great tithes and the advowson of the vicarage.

[Domesd. tom. i. fol. 121. H. E.]

[Hearne mentions PORT ELIOT in the margin of his copy of Tanner’s first edition, and says it was sometimes a Priory, and at the Dissolution K. Henry VIII. bestowed it upon one of the ancestors of Richard Elliot mentioned in Norden’s Descr. of Cornwall. H. E.]

XXVI. ST. PROBUS, _in the deanry_ of Powder.

COLLEGE. Here was a collegiate church of Secular canons before the Conquest,[151] which was given to the bishop and church of Exeter by K. Henry 1.[152] Here was once a dean:[153] Four prebendaries or portionists occur here upon the Lincoln taxation, and some time after;[154] but, _26 Hen. 8._ the glebe and tithe of St. Probus, as part of the endowment of the treasurership of the cathedral church of Exeter, to which it still belongs,[155] is valued at 22_l._ 10_s._ _per ann._[156]

[Domesd. tom. i. fol. 121. H. E.]

XXVII. SALTASH, _in the deanry_ of East.

ABBEY. The abbey[157] of Saltash in com. Devon, is mentioned in the Year Books, _2 Hen. 4._ Mich. 45.

XXVIII. SYLLY.

BENEDICTINE CELL. In the biggest of the Sylly islands, called Iniscaw,[158] was a poor cell of two Benedictine monks dedicated to St. Nicholas, belonging to Tavistock abbey, even before the Conquest, and confirmed to them afterward by K. Henry 1. Reginald earl of Cornwall, &c.

_Vide_ in Mon. Angl. tom. i: p. 516. cart. 1 Joan. p. 2. m. 65. Pat. 19 Ed. 3. p. 1. m. 5. et ibid. p. 1002. Cartas RR. Hen. 1. Ed. 1. Reginaldi com. Cornub. et Barthol. episc. Exon. ex registro Tavestochiensi. Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 19. Cart. 1 Joan. p. 1. n. 155 et 219. de decimis forestsæ de Guffaer.

XXIX. ST. SYRIAC,[159] St. Cyriac,[160] St. Carricius,[161] St. Karrocus,[162] St. Cyret, _and_ Julette.[163]

CLUNIAC CELL. Hare was a small religious house of two Benedictine[164] or Cluniac[165] monks, as early as K. Richard 1st’s time,[166] cell to Montacute[167] in Somersetshire; and as parcel of the possessions of that priory it was granted, _37 Hen. 8._ to Laurence Courtney.

_Vide_ Mon. Angl. tom. i. p. 670, 671. tom. ii. p. 910. Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 37. vol. vii. p. 121. Pat. 15 Ed. 3. p. 1. m. 5. de concessione hujus cellæ Willelmo comiti Sarisb. per priorem et conv. de Monteacuto. [Report to the Originalia, vol. iv. fol. 155 b. Brit. Mus., where it is called St. Caroch.]

XXX. ST. THETHA, St. Teath _or_ St. Etha, _in the deanry of_ Trigge Minor.

COLLEGE. The parish church here is sometimes on the records called collegiate,[168] and consisted of two prebendaries[169] or portionists,[170] who seem to have been collated by the bishop of Exeter.

XXXI. TREBIGH, _or_ Turbigh.

KNIGHTS HOSPITALERS. A preceptory of Knights Hospitalers of St. John of Jerusalem, to which Henry de Pomerai and Reginald Marsh were considerable benefactors [Mon. Angl. tom. ii. p. 551.] It was valued at 60_l._ _per ann._ [ms. Le Neve] but this with Ansty [Wilts.] was valued, _26 Hen. 8._ at 90_l._ 1_s._ 9_d._ _in toto_. 81_l._ 8_s._ 5_d._ _clare_. [ms. Valor, in off. Primit.] This among other possessions of the old Knights, then undisposed of, was regranted to the Hospitalers upon their restoration, 4 et 5 _Phil. et Mar._ and after their dissolution, _16 Eliz._ to Henry Wilby and Geo. Blyth.

XXXII. TREGONY, _in the deanry of_ Powder.

ALIEN PRIORY. The advowson of the priory of Tregony, as belonging to the abbey de Valle in Normandy, is mentioned fin. div. com. _52 Hen. 3._ n. 18. This priory with the advowsons of the churches of Tregony and Biry were made over A.D. 1267, by the abbat and convent de Valle in diœc. Bajoc. to the prior and convent of Merton.[171]

_Vide_ inter munimenta eccl. cath. Exon. cartam abbatis et conventus de Valle, de resignatione hujus prioratus. [Bishop Lyttelton in a letter to Browne Willis, copied in MS. Cole, Brit. Mus. vol. xl. p. 59. says, “In the last edition of the Monastica Notitia the author queries if there was any Priory at Tregony in Cornwall. I find the original resignation thereof of the Abbat de Valle in Normandy to the Bp. of Exon, Peter Quivil, for the use of the Priory of Merton, together with the advowsons of the parish churches of Tregony and Bury, dated 1267.” H. E.]

XXXIII. TRURO.

BLACK FRIERS. In the latter end of K. Henry 3d’s reign,[172] a convent of Black friers settled in Kenwyn street.[173] Rauf Reskimer left a benefaction, _2 Ed. 4._ to this house, of which his ancestors had been founders. It was granted, _7 Ed. 6._ to Edward Aglianby.

_Vide_ Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 27. vol. vii. p. 120. In Itin. Will. de Worcestre, p. 128, excerpta ex kalendario. Pat. 49 Ed. 3. p. 2. m. 26. pro manso elargando. Claus. 2 Ed. 4. n. 101. d.

XXXIV. TRUWARDRAITH,[174] Tuwardraz,[175] _or_ Tywardreit, _in the deanry of_ Powder.

ALIEN PRIORY. An alien priory of Benedictine monks[176] belonging to the abbey of St. Sergius and Bachus in Angiers,[177] founded before A.D. 1169. by Champernulphus or Chambernon of Bere,[178] lord of the manor of Tywardreith, or by the ancestors of Robert de Cardinan,[179] perhaps Robert Fitz William. It was seised by the Crown during the wars with France, and its farm then fixed at fifty marks _per ann._[180] but being afterwards made denisen it continued till the general suppression, about which time herein were seven monks,[181] whose revenues were rated at 123_l._ 9_s._ 3_d._ _per ann._ Dugd. 151_l._ 16_s._ 1_d._ Speed. It was dedicated to St. Andrew, and granted _34 Hen. 8._ to Edward earl of Hertford.

_Vide_ in Mon. Angl. tom. ii. p. 586, 587. Cart. 33 Ed. 1. n. 38. recit. per inspeximus tres cartas Hen. 3. viz. primam recitant, cartam Roberti de Cardinan confirm, donationes antecessorum, secundam de ecclesia de Austel, tertiam de libertate sanctuarii S. Austeli. Lelandi Collect. vol. i. p. 76. ejusdam Itin. vol. iii. p. 14. 32, 33. vol. vii. p. 120. In Libro Nigro Scaccarii, p. 131. de 1 fœd. mil. tent. de comite Reginaldo. In Rymeri Fœder. &c. vol. iv. p. 248. vol. viii. p. 106. Cart. 9 Ed. 2. n. 16. pro merc, et fer. apud Fowey, et lib. war. in Tywardreith, Trerant, Tremaynon, et Carigog. Claus. 4 Ed. 3. m. 27. de ten. in Fawy. [Harl. MS. 6959. p. 185. 6960. p. 34. 6961. pp. 30. 89. Repert. to Originalia, Brit. Mus. vol. iii. p. 273. MS. Cole, vol. xxvii. fol. 184 b. Lysons, Mag. Brit. Cornw. Gent. Mag. 2d vol. for 1822. Supp. p. 602. A great number of original grants, deeds, &c. relating to this priory from its foundation to its dissolution are at Wardour Castle, in the possession of Lord Arundel of Wardour; and extracts from a Calendar, with a list of the priors, has been lately published in the Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, vol. iii. pp. 106-111. H. E.]

_For_ TALCARN _see_ MINSTRE _in this county_.

ST. MARY DE VALLE _is omitted, as it probably was not in_ ENGLAND, _see under_ Minstre _note_[135].

[84] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 24. Taxat. Lincoln. p. 367. In registr. Bronscomb. the vicarage of St. Antonine in the patronage of Tywardreth.

[85] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 30. vol. vii. p. 119. et Taxat. Lincoln. p. 638.

[86] Tonkin, _Quære_.

[87] Camden, edit. Gibson.

[88] i. e. “Mansio monachorum.” Leland. Collect. vol. i. 75.

[89] Hoveden, p. 567, 568.

[90] Will. Malmsbur. de Pontif. lib ――――

[91] What Leland saith of this monastery [Itin. vol. ii. 114.] is very observable, viz. “That in St. Petroc’s church at Bodmin were first monks, then nuns, then Secular priests, then monks again, then canons; the last foundation was by Will. Warlewast bishop of Exon.” Mr. Speed further adds, that after the canons were Grey friers (but these last were in a distinct house of their own in this town; _vide infra_) he also tells us of a priory of Black canons founded by K. Ethelstan to the honour of S. Petrorsi at Bonury in this county, which in all probability was the same with this of St. Petroc at Bodmin.

[92] This priory church is said to be now the parish church, [Tour through Great Britain, vol. ii. p. 4.] and the priory stood at the east end of the churchyard. [Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 12.]

[93] Mr. Willis’ Parochiale, p. 179. has St. Laurence chapel and hospital in the parish of Lanivet and deanry of Pider.

[94] Leland. Itin. vol. ii. p. 15. ms. Davies.

[95] Magn. Brit. Antiq. et Nov.

[96] _Quære_, Whether this was St. Antony’s or St. George’s hospital; for the will of John Killigrew, proved A.D. 1500, gives legacies “Pauper ibus S. Antonii de Bodmyn; pau peribus S. Georgii de Bodmin pauperibus S. Laurentii juxta Bod min.” Lib. Moore, Qu. xx.

[97] Leland. Itin. vol. ii. p. 115.

[98] Ibid.

[99] Carew, f. 124. a.

[100] Mr. Stevens has erroneously placed this house in Devonshire.

[101] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 18. Camden. Britan, edit. Gibson, ad _Burien_.

[102] Domesday, _Cornwall_. “Canonici S. Berianæ tenent Eglosberry, quæ fuit libera T. R. E. Ibi est una hida, &c.”

[103] Mr. Ashmole’s History of the Garter, cap. 4. et Mon. Angl. tom. iii. p. ii. p. 73.

[104] The dean is instituted and takes the oaths before the king as ordinary.

[105] In Taxat. Lincoln, ms. “Ecclesia S. Endelientæ taxatur prout sequitur: Prebenda dom. Pagani de Liskered in eadem lx_s._ prebenda H. de Monkton iv_l._ x_s._ prebenda dom. Reginaldi iv_l._ ii_s._”

[106] Thus the inquisition, Mon. Angl. ii. p. 5. but Leland, Coll. i. p. 75. saith, the Regulars were introduced by Bartholomew bishop of Exeter, who lived _temp. Hen. 2._

[107] They were Benedictine monks according to Ryley, Plac. Parl. p. 466. But that is not right, for here were a prior and eight Black canons at the dissolution. Vide Willis, ii. Ap. p. 7.

[108] Mr. Mores saith John Champernoun, sed quære.

[109] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 23.

[110] Ms. Valor. “St. Mary Magdalen,” Registr. Stafford, f. 135.

[111] Domesdei, “Canonici S. Carentoci tenent Langorock, et tenebant T.R.E. Sunt iii. hidæ, &c.”

[112] So in my ms. Valor.

[113] Eight prebendaries, without a dean. Tax. Lincoln, ms. A dean and ten prebendaries. Ms. Le Neve.

[114] Prynne, ii. p. 736. many grants of the deanery and prebends here by the kings appear upon the rolls, but seem to be made during the vacancy of the see of Exeter. “A.D. 1315. Feb. 22. Walterus episc. Exon. contulit Joanni de Sandale cancellario regis præbendam in ecclesia S. Karantoci.” Wharton de decan. Lond. p. 216.

[115] In the former edition this church was confounded with that of St. Pieran: the late learned prelate Dr. Charles Littleton bishop of Carlisle informed Dr. Tanner of the mistake, and the account of both churches inserted in this edition are agreeable to the information communicated by him.

[116] Domesday, “Canonici S. Achebranni tenent Lannachebran.”

[117] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 25. vol. vii. p. 118. Tax. Linc. ms.

[118] Carew’s Survey, f. 118. a.

[119] Leland. Collect. vol. i. p. 76. not Regular canons of the order of St. Austin, as Magn. Brit. Antiq. et Nov. p. 333.

[120] Domesday, “Canonici S. Stephani tenent Lanstaveton. Ibi sunt iv. hidæ terræ, &c. De hoc manerio abstulit comes Moriton unum mercatum, quod ibi erat T.R.E.”

[121] Plac. coram rege, 2 c. 2. Hill, rot. 20.

[122] Leland. Itin. vol. ii. p. 109.

[123] Not friers, as Magn. Brit. Antiq. et Nov. p. 333.

[124] “And took the residew himself,” saith Leland [Itin. vol. ii. p. 110.] But in the recital of the donors and donations of this priory, made in the charter of king John, there is no mention at all of this bishop; but therein Reginald the son of K. Henry I. and earl of Cornwall seems to make the greatest figure, and he was certainly a considerable benefactor, if not founder of this new house, as he is said to be by Camden.

[125] Here could not be less than twelve canons, for the prior and eleven subscribed to the supremacy, A. D. 1534. as Willis’ Abbies, vol. ii. p. 53.

[126] And also in the register of Edm. Lacy bishop of Exon, marked _Lacy_, vol. iii.

[127] Survey, f. 81. b. f. 116. b.

[128] Carew, f. 68. a.

[129] Lib. præced. B. 85.

[130] Carew’s Survey, f. 81. b.

[131] _Quære_, Perhaps the same with St. John Baptist chantry in this church. Willis’ Abbies, vol. ii. p. 54.

[132] St. Matthew’s in Tanner. St. Mawes appears in the Exeter Registers and in Leland’s Itin. to be no other than a corruption of St. Mauduits. See Lacy’s Register, vol. iii. Leland Itin. vol. iii. 19. and Willis, Rot. Parl. vol. ii. p. 166.

[133] Domesday, “Ecclesia S. Michaelis tenet Triwal, Brismar tenebat T.R.E. Ibi sunt ii. hidæ, quæ nunquam geldaverunt, &c. de his ii. hidis comes Moriton abstulit i. hidam.”

[134] Not William, as Mr. Camden and Mr. Speed; this last author mentions the monasteries of S. Michael de Monte, and S. Michael de Magno Monte, as distinct religious houses in this county, for which I have not yet met with any other authority.

[135] That Talcarn is the same with Minstre appears from the registers of the bishops of Exeter; where in the register of Bishop Branscomb, fol. 27. b. mention is made of “Talthar or Talcarne a cell to Tywardreth;” and in Bishop Stapeldon’s register, fol. 82. b. it is stiled “ecclesia de la Minstre alias de Talcarne.” Gervase of Canterbury, among other Cornish monasteries in his time, reckons Talcarn and St. Mary de Valle as cells of Black monks to Algiers, but I know not where the latter was situated, unless it was the same with S. Michael de Valle a priory in Guernsey. Mr. Burton and Mr. Speed have also these two houses, but they mistook the reading in the ms. of Gervase of Cant. who, in the column of the orders, hath, against these two and St. Anthony “mon. n. de Angs,” which they translated “Black monks of the Angells,” an order nowhere else to be met with. Black monks of Angiers seems most probable, and that they were cells to that foreign abbey, as Tywardreth certainly was, on which Talcarn appears to have been dependent.

[136] Survey, f. 68.

[137] Cressy’s Church History, p. 768. Leland. Collect, vol. iii. p. 13.

[138] Domesday, “Clerici S. Neoti tenent Neotestou, et tenebant T.R.E. Ibi sunt ii. hidæ, quæ nunquam geldaverunt: iv. bordarii, &c. Totam hanc terram præter i. acram, quam presbiteri tenent, abstulit comes ab ecclesia.”

[140] John of Glastonbury saith of St. Neot, that he was “dignis parentibus editus;” but his whole narrative is inconsistent with his being of royal birth.

[141] Latest edition of Camden’s Britannia, col. 23.

[142] Cressy’s Church History of England, p. 224. from archbishop Usher and Capgrave.

[143] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 27.

[144] Not of Oxford, as Speed.

[145] Not A.D. 1288. as Mr. Camden and Speed; because bishop Bronscomb the founder died in 1280.

[146] One of these prebends was annexed to the dignity of the archdeaconry of Cornwall. Leland saith there were twelve prebendaries. Itin. vol. iii. p. 27.

[147] “Thirteen vicars.” Cart. fund. “Prebendaries, and other ministers. This college is strongly walled and incastell’d, having three strong towers, and guns at the but of the creke.” Leland, Itin. iii. 27.

[148] Domesday, “Canonici S. Pierani tenent Lanpiran, quæ libera fuit T.R.E. De hoc manerio ablatæ sunt ii. hidæ, quæ reddebant canonicis T.R.E. firmam quatuor septimanarum, et decano xx. sol.”

[149] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 24. ms. in bibl. Cotton. _Julius_, C. vi.

[150] Plac. coram rege, 2 Ric. 2.

[151] Domesday, “Canonici S. Probi tenent Lantrebois. Ibi est una hida.”

[152] Plac. coram rege, 2 Rich. 2.

[153] “A.D. 1258. dom. episc. Exon. contulit custodiam decanatus ecclesiæ S. Probi magistro Henrico de Bolish.” Reg. Bronscomb. episc. Exon.

[154] Pat. 3 Hen. 4. a grant of a prebend in the church of S. Probus; four had pensions at the suppression.

[155] And so it seems to have done, even at the time of the Lincoln taxation, 20 Ed. 1. where, among the dignities of the church of Exeter, “Thesauraria, præter ecclesiam S. Probi (quæ taxatur in archidiac. Cornub.) xx_l._”

[156] Ms. Valor, in offic. Primitiarum.

[157] _Quære_, Whether it ought not rather to be the rectory of Saltash in Cornwall, which now belongs to Windsor college.

[158] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 19.

[159] Gervase of Cant. et Speed.

[160] Hen. Sulgrave, ms.

[161] Mon. Angl.

[162] Taxat. Lincoln. ms.

[163] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 37.

[164] Gervase of Cant. “Monachi Nigri.”

[165] Montacute was of this order.

[166] Because mentioned by Gervase of Cant. The church of St. Carric or Karentocus was given to Montacute by their founder; as Mon. Angl. ii. p. 910.

[167] Leland. Itin. vol. vii. p. 121.

[168] Pat. 25 Ed. 3. p. 1. m.. where is the grant of a prebend in this church by the crown, “Ratione temporalium episcopatus Exon. in manu regis existen.” The advowson of the vicarage is certainly in the bishop of Exeter.

[169] Taxat. Lincoln, ms. 20 Ed. 1.

[170] Portionarius ecclesiæ S. Tethæ Cornub. 25 Ed. 1. Prynne, iii. p. 703.

[171] Ex informatione Reverendissimi Caroli nuper Episc. Carliol.

[172] Their church was consecrated in the second year of bishop Walter Bronscomb. Registr. Bronscomb.

[173] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 27. where he calls them White friers; but he mentions them as Black friers, Itin. vol. vii. p. 120.

[174] Regist. Exon.

[175] Tax. Lincoln, ms.

[176] Registr. Exon. Ryley, p. 466. et Rot. 22 Ed. 1. but Leland [Collect. i. 76. Itin. vii. 120.] saith they were Cluny monks, by which name the foreign Benedictines were often called.

[177] Registr. Exon. Rymer, iv. 243. claus. 1 Ed. 3. p. 1. m. 22. Not to St. Peter super Dynam Sagiensis diœc. as Rymer, viii. 106. et Mon. Angl. i. 1036.

[178] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 14.

[179] Ibid. p. 6. Arundel of Lanhern of late taken to be founder.

[180] Ms. Stow.

[181] Ms. Corp. Christ. coll. Cant.

APPENDIX.