VI.
WILLIAM OF WORCESTER’S ITINERARY.
As no account of William of Worcester is to be found in the common Biographical Dictionaries and Encyclopedias, it has been thought proper to prefix a short notice of his life and character to the following extract from his Itinerary:
William was the son of William of Worcester, and of Elizabeth, the daughter of Thomas Bottoner. His surname he took indifferently from either; and he is consequently sometimes denominated William Worcester, and William Bottoner. Bishop Tanner describes him as descended of a knightly family, but upon what evidence is not known; yet from certain passages in the Itinerary his father would seem to have been a substantial householder.
He was born in the parish of St. James at Bristol in the year 1415; and as he speaks of a stone vault in that city as having been built in 1428, at his own expense, it is probable that he lost his father, and came to his inheritance at a very early age. Of his childhood nothing is known; but there is some reason to suppose that he was taught the rudiments of learning by Robert Lane, whom he has commemorated as a very eminent schoolmaster at Bristol when he was a youth. In 1432 he first went to Oxford, where he was admitted of Hart Hall, now Baliol College.
It is said, that he was supported at the University by the celebrated Sir John Fastolf; the same who, in his own day, had great renown for his valour and munificence, and who was afterwards exposed to dishonour by Shakspere, with a trifling variation of his name, and a considerable distortion of his character. But it may be presumed that Worcester was indebted not so much to his bounty as to his protection; for if we may judge of Worcester’s patrimony from the few notices he has given us of his father’s property in Bristol, it is not likely that his own means would have been inadequate to the small expense of a collegiate course in those simple times; and we may therefore believe, that the connection which subsisted between Worcester and Fastolf, was merely a compliance with the general custom of the age, when youths of gentlemanly birth and competent fortune sought the patronage and entered the household of wealthy and powerful men. But, however this might have been, it is certain that he afterwards lived with Sir John at Caister, in Norfolk, where he acted as the knight’s secretary and confidential friend, and subsequently as one of his executors.
At Oxford Worcester prosecuted his studies with great diligence and success; and we are informed that he became eminent for his knowledge of history, medicine, and astronomy. On these subjects he is said to have written many books: yet it is likely that they were rather extracts and memorandums, than original and formal compositions. Besides these, he executed some translations from the classics; and we learn from his Itinerary, that on the tenth of August 1473, he presented the Bishop of Winchester with a translation of Cicero on Old Age. He tells us, however, that this gift was not sufficient to conciliate the good prelate’s regard; but he seems to insinuate, that the failure was owing less to the faults of the performance, than to the intervention of an enemy. Yet, whatever he might have suffered from the malice of his neighbours, it is possible, that the offering itself was considered of small value; and it might have been the less esteemed, if it be true, that the same treatise had been already rendered into English by John Tiptoft, the accomplished and unfortunate Earl of Worcester.
But it is on very slender evidence that this nobleman is said to have translated Cicero on Old Age. He had left in manuscript a translation of Cicero on Friendship; and when Caxton printed it, many years after his death, with an anonymous version of the essay on Old Age, in the same volume, he was at once supposed to have been the author of both; but the translation, thus published without a name, was professedly executed in honour of Sir John Fastolf, the friend and patron of William of Worcester; and as it is well known that many of his dependant’s literary performances were undertaken expressly for his sake, and, as at the same time William of Worcester might have been easily confounded with the Earl of Worcester, there is considerable probability that William, and not the Earl, was the author of the translation in question, and consequently William could not have suffered on a comparison with him in the manner suggested. Nor is it sufficient objection to this inference, that the productions of a writer, whose style has been chosen as an example of the barbarous taste of the age in which he lived, were not likely to be imputed to one whose extraordinary attainments had won the admiration of the polished and fastidious scholars of Italy; for whatever might have been the Earl’s superiority in classical knowledge, it does not appear that he had cultivated his native tongue with greater care than his contemporaries; and William of Worcester might not have fallen below him in the rude and unsettled English of that time.
Of William’s writings, of whatever kind, very little is now extant; and though for a few things the credit which he deserved has been given to others, it has been reasonably conjectured, that he has enjoyed in return the merit of some performances of which he was not the author; but however he might have laboured in the promotion of learning, he loved the acquisition of it so well, that he was accustomed to say, he found more pleasure in his books than some men derived from their estates; and to the attainments which he had made at the University, he added, by the help of one Giles, a Lombard, some acquaintance with French and Poetry.
Yet study was insufficient to satisfy him without observation: τὸ εἰδέναι δίττον ἔλεγεν εἶναι· τὸ μὲν ἐπιστήμῃ, τὸ δὲ τῇ πείρᾳ. He consequently sought to enlarge his knowledge by travelling; and he has been considered worthy of respect as the earliest topographer of England, “Primum Angliæ perlustratorem ne flocci facias;” but however this may be, he is certainly the first traveller who has left us any memorials of a journey into Cornwall; and the interest and value which his observations derive from this circumstance, have made them worthy of a place in the present Appendix.
The book, in which these notices are found, is entitled _Itinerarium, sive Liber Rerum Memorabilium Willelmi Botoner dict. de Worcester_. It had existed in manuscript only, till the year 1778, when it was published at Cambridge, from the original autograph in the Library of Corpus Christi College, by James Nasmith, formerly a Fellow of that Society. Besides this, indeed, there is another manuscript of the journal in the same library, but it is only a copy of the former, made by the procurement of Archbishop Parker; and as it is very incorrect, it is of no value in itself, and could have been of little use to the editor.
This Itinerary seems to have been a memorandum book, which the author kept with him on his journeys, not only into this county, but to other parts of this kingdom; and accordingly we find it stored with desultory notices of separate facts, and distant places, and abounding with trifling and unconnected observations, which seem to have been associated on the same page, only as the book was accidentally opened, and recorded rather from some present impulse, than with any settled and ultimate design. Nothing can be more rude than the style, or more worthless than many of the statements; and whatever might have been the writer’s real intention, it is very certain that his remarks, in the condition which they have actually come down to us, could not have been meant for publication. It might have been his purpose, when leisure and opportunity should serve, to arrange and expand the hasty and unconnected notes thus made by the way; but the brevity of the greater number would have insufficiently secured him against perplexities and mistakes; and as he might have erred occasionally through the acknowledged failure of his memory, or the unconscious influence of his imagination, it is possible that a careful and regular composition subsequently made, might have been less useful, than even the confused and scanty memorandums we possess.
Worcester came into Cornwall in the year 1478. Mr. Whitaker says, that it was in 1440. How he could have committed such a mistake, it is difficult to conceive, as the date is expressly recorded in the Itinerary itself. Mr. Polwhele, indeed, appears to have erred likewise; for, according to him, William’s journey was performed in 1473; but this is evidently nothing more than a misprint. In one of our county histories, the journey is stated to have occurred in 1460: it is probable, however, that the writer had never seen the Itinerary.
He set out from Norwich, on Monday the 17th of August, and reached London on the Thursday following. On the first of September he came to Bristol, and took his departure for Cornwall on the next day. He arrived at Launceston on Sunday the 13th, and on Monday pursued his journey towards the west. Near Bodmin his horse fell with him, but it does not appear that he received any injury. On Tuesday night he slept at Polwhele; and having visited the preaching friars at Truro on Wednesday, he came in the evening to Marazion. The next morning, Thursday 17th of September 1478, he attended mass in the chapel on the Mount. In the afternoon of the same day, he departed for Penryn; and going thence to Bodmin, he returned eastward, through the towns on the south coast. The towns and villages on the north coast of Cornwall he did not visit; and the statements which he makes respecting them, were merely the result of his inquiries. He seems, indeed, to have been as diligent in seeking information from others, as in making observations of his own; and no persons, whether smiths, ropers, or ferrymen, were considered unfit to furnish him with the knowledge which he wanted for his journal. Amongst those in Cornwall, from whom he learned most, was his cousin, Robert Bracey, at Fowey; but it is likely that he depended mainly upon the secular and regular clergy, who entertained him on the road, and gave him access to their chronicles and registers.
With regard to the nature and purpose of this journey, from the manner of the record itself, it would not be easy to conjecture, whether it was undertaken with feelings of devotion or of curiosity. The coldness of the whole narrative, and the careless brevity with which the accomplishment of the acknowledged object is related, were scarcely consistent with a fervid and lively devotion; and the insertion of so many facts and observations, which must have been useless when they were written, and now owe their value to their subsequent antiquity, while the documents of early times, and the traditions of the people, were almost wholly neglected, could not have happened under the influence of an active and judicious curiosity. And besides this, when William of Worcester was in Cornwall, it was impossible for an intelligent visitor to overlook the state of our ecclesiastical architecture. Many of our present churches had been recently built, and others were then building; and some account of their style and condition, of their founders and builders, and of the circumstances attending their erection, would have been far more amusing to his contemporaries than what he wrote, and of unspeakable interest in after times. And any other man, we may suppose, would have found something to say of the manners and habits of the people, and of their mines and fisheries; but from William of Worcester we know only by implication or accident, that he travelled in an inhabited country.
Yet without devotion he would not have visited the Mount, and without curiosity he would have made no observations by the way. The shrine of St. Michael, which had been the resort of superstitious people in remote times, had lately recovered its ancient reputation, after an interval of some accidental obscurity; and pilgrims were again attracted by the privileges conferred on it in the eleventh century, and were coming even from distant places in considerable numbers. William of Worcester was one of these; and as his penitence had brought him so far, it might be thought that his admiration would have delayed his return.
But the hospitalities of a place so ‘kind to strangers,’ the natural beauties of the Mount, and the venerable antiquity and romantic traditions of the castle and monastery, were not enough to detain him for a day; and with scarcely any regard to such things, he stayed but a few hours. In that short space he could not occupy himself with many inquiries; and we have received from him only a few bare facts, which he appears to have recorded rather as the justification of his pilgrimage, than with any precise knowledge of their value.
His subsequent pursuits, and the time of his death, are not known, nor have we any account of the number and the fortunes of his children. It is certain, however, that he was married; and he is reported to have taken a wife in opposition to the wishes of his patron. For Sir John Fastolf had designed for him some ecclesiastical preferment, and had consequently advised him to obtain orders in the church. _Tanneri Biblioth._――_Paston Letters._――_Lelandus de Script. Brit._――_Henry’s Hist. of Engl._
_Incipiunt notabilia per W. Worcestre scripta in viagio de Bristolia ad Montem Sancti Michaelis in anno Christi 1478._
* * * * *
Castellum Tregtheney-Pomerey de Devonia edificatum stat juxta Mousehold, per 7 miliaria ultra Montem Sancti Michaelis.
Castellum Trethyn dirutum in fine occidentalissima Cornubiæ.
Turris castelli Karnbree, Sir John Bassett, chevalier, stat.
C. Helston dirutum: comes Cornubiæ Edmundus.
C. Trurew dirutum: comes Cornubiæ.
C. Treclysten dirutum.
C. Morisk, ubi comes Cornubiæ Edmundus manebat.
C. Fust, quondam Ricardi comitis Anarwit in Carnanton, dirutum.
C. Dynas super altum montem dirutum, et fons in medio castri ubi Tador dux Cornubiæ maritus … matris Arcturi fuit occisus, juxta villam Sancti Columpnæ.
C. Carloogus, dirutum, in villa prope Sanctum Columpnæ.
C. Keynok dirutum cum tribus wardis.
C. Laner dirutum in villa Laner.
C. Godollon dirutum in villa Lodollon.
C. Tregheny stat, pertinet Pomereys, in Trefeny burgagio super le South.
C. Lanyhorn stat in villa Lanyhorn quondam Archedes.
C. Dirford dirutum prope Golonant villa.
C. Frampton aliter Castrum Trevyan dirutum prope Seynt Terbyn.
Castrum Tyntagelle fortissimum dirutum prope Camelford, ubi Arthurus fuit conceptus.
Castrum vocatum Botreaux castel distat per duo miliaria ultra Tyntagele castelle.
C. Hyllysbery dirutum per 4 miliaria ultra Tyntagele.
C. Lescars stat, domini Principis.
C. Bynamy stat, domini J. Colshill chevalier.
C. Restormalle stat prope Lastydielle, in parco principis, quondam Edmundi comitis Cornubiæ ubi manebat.
C. Lanceston villa per comitem Cornubiæ fundatum.
C. Tremyton quondam principis prope Saltash.
Falmouth villa: ecclesia Penryn.
Turris Fowey Treweryestowe.
Turris apud Pollrewen.
C. Bodleet dirutum prope Tremedart villa ubi Colsell chevalier habet mansionem.
C. Kellysberve dirutum prope Bokehelle villa.
C. Polwhele dirutum in villa Polwhele ubi Other Phelip manet.
C. Morysk juxta Truro dirutum.
Turris Blekennok ab antiquo prope Lastydyall nupe Hugonis Curteney.
Turris in parochia Sanctæ Columbæ quondam Johannis Tregose armigeri, per 8 miliaria ex parte occidentali Bodman.
_Itinerarium Cornubiæ ad occidentalissimum finem._
Prima inceptio comitatus provinciæ Cornubiæ est apud Polston-brygge per unum miliare ex parte orientali de Lanceston.
Polston-brygge per 1 miliare ex parte orientali de Lanceston.
De Lanceston usque Lyscard 10 miliaria.
De Lyscard usque Low 5 miliaria.
A Low usque Pollerewan 5 miliaria.
A Pollerewen usque Bodennek 2 miliaria.
A Bodenhac usque Fowey ex altera parte aquæ de le havyn de Fowey distat jactu unius arcus sagittæ.
A Fowey usque Trewardreth prioratum villæ ejusdem 2 miliaria super mare.
A Trewardreth usque Colonant super mare 2 miliaria.
A Colonant usque Lastydielle 3 miliaria super mare Fowey.
A Lastydielle usque Bodman 3 miliaria infra terram.
A Bodman usque Padisco super mare boriale 8 miliaria.
A Padisco usque Seynt Columbe infra terram in medio comitatus 5 miliaria.
A Seynt Columbe usque Methsholle infra terram 5 miliaria.
A Meschylle usque Graundpond 5 miliaria circa partem meridionalem comitatus Cornubiæ infra terram.
A Grantpont usque Treghonyburgh 5 miliaria in patria.
A Tregonye usque Trewrwborough super meridionalem partem versus mare australe infra patriam 5 miliaria.
A Tregran usque Seynt Mandyt 6 miliaria super mare meridionale ultra brachium maris.
A Seynt Mandyt usque Trewrewborough ovyr the water 5 miliaria, vocatum brachium maris de Falmouth.
A Trewrewborough usque Penryn 6 miliaria super le south see.
A Penrynborow usque Helstonborowgh 8 miliaria super costeras maris per circa 3 miliaria de le south see.
A Hellestonborow usque Marchasyowe juxta montem Sancti Michaëlís super litus maris 6 miliaria.
A Markysyow usque Pensans duo miliaria.
A Pensans usque Moushole 2 miliaria: Porthennys.
A Porthenys usque le Londys-ende 4 miliaria.
_Finis Cornubiæ._
Sylla vocata Islond continet in longitudine 1111 miliaria et latitudo 4.
Seynt Mary island continet in longitudine 4 miliaria et latitudine 4 miliaria; pertinet abbati Tavystock.
Insula Rascow pertinet abbati Tavystock, continet in longitudine 3 miliaria et in latitudine 3 miliaria, inculta, cum cuniculis et avibus vocatis pophyns [puffins].
Insula Seynt Lyda (fuit filius regis ――――.) continet in longitudine et latitudine 1 miliare.
Insula Rat Island continet in longitudine 1 miliare et dimidium et in latitudine tantum.
Insula vocata le Blak-rok continet ex omni parte unum miliare, et ibi sunt cuniculi et aves, sed antea culta.
Insula septima vocata ――――.
1239. Ecclesia fratrum ordinis Sancti Francisci villæ de Bodnam fundatur per Edmundum primum comitem Cornubiæ 13 kalend. jullii; et ibi isti obitus inveniuntur.
1299. Obiit dominus Thomas de Cancia die 12 Januarii.
Obitus dominæ Johannæ de Kaermynaw.
1329. Richardus Rex Alemaniæ obiit 3 die Aprilis.
1314. Jacobus Penerell obiit.
1349. Johanna de Carmynaw obiit.
1342. Elizabet Peuerell obiit.
Johannes filius Radulphi domini de Kayryshays, primus fundator ecclesiæ fratrum, obiit 3 die junii.
1346. Margeria de Treverbyn obiit 9 die junii.
1372. Dominus Hugo Peuerelle miles obiit 21 die junii.
Innocentius papa tercius obiit 16 die jullii.
1349. Margaretta Sergeaux obiit primo die augusti, et hic est sepulta.
Johannes Manne et Isabella consors ejus die 2 augusti obiit.
Johanna mater Ricardi Regis Angliæ. obiit die 8 augusti.
1369. Dominus Thomas de Carmynaw.
[_These obits are more fully extracted again in p. 239._]
Longitudo Ecclesiæ monalium postea canonicorum Sancti Petroci, quondam Regis Cumbrorum gencium, de Bodmania, continet 57 passus, et latitudo ejusdem continet 30 steppys.
Latitudo capellæ Beatæ Mariæ continet circa 24 steppys.
Longitudo ecclesiæ parochialis de Bodman cum choro continet 90 steppys. Latitudo vero ejusdem continet 40 steppys.
Abbathia ecclesiæ canonicorum de Bodman fundata primo per Athelstanum regem, et secunda vice per ――――. Warwast episcopum Excestriæ, qui fuit filius sororis Willelmi conquestoris, et 3ᵃ vice per Graundson episcopum.
Sanctus Petrocus, rex patriæ Cumbrorum, id est partis borialis regni Angliæ, reliquit regnum fratri suo juniori; jacet in pulchro scrinio apud Bodman ecclesiam coram capella Beatæ Mariæ.
Fons principalis fluminis de Falmouth and Peryn incipit apud montem de Nevyle per duo miliaria ex parte orientale de villa de Trewrew, id est per 8 miliaria de Peryn et Falmouth.
Ecclesiam prioratus de Trewardreth prope Fowey, monachorum ―――― fundavit.
Flumen fontis portus Falmouth vocatus Sowker incipit juxta Seynt Stevyns ――――. Zugher per 6 miliaria ex parte occidentali de Trewrew: et aliud flumen incipit apud villam Seynt Stevyn per 8 miliaria de Trewrew ex parte orientali, et vadit per Trurew usque Penryn.
Universis sanctæ matris ecclesiæ presentes litteras inspecturis vel audituris salutem: noverit universitas vestra quod sanctissimus dominus papa Gregorius, anno ab incarnatione domini millessimo septuagessimo, ad ecclesiam montis Sancti Michaeli in tumba in comitatu Cornubiæ gerens eximæ devocionis affectum, pie concessit ecclesiæ predictæ, quæ ministerio angelico creditur et comprobatur consecrari et sanctificari, omnibus fidelibus, qui illam ecclesiam cum suis beneficiis et elemosinis exepecierunt seu visitaverint, tertiam partem penetenciarum suarum eis condonari. Et ut inconcussum et inviolabile fine tenus permaneat; ex autoritate Dei patris omnipotentis et Filii et Spiritus sancti omnibus successoribus suis interdixit, ne quid contra hoc decretum usurpare presumant. Ista verba in antiquis registris de novo in hac ecclesia repertis inventa, prout hic in valvis ecclesiæ publice ponuntur. Et quia pluribus istud est incognitum, ideo nos in Christo Dei famuli et ministri hujus ecclesiæ universitatem vestram, qui regimen animarum possidetis, ob mutuæ vicissitudinis obtentum requirimus et rogamus, quatenus ista publicetis in ecclesiis vestris, ut vestri subditi et subjecti ad majorem exortacionem devocionis attencius animentur, et locum istum gloriosius perigrinando frequentent ad dona et indulgencias predicta graciose consequenda.
Apparicio Sancti Michaelis in monte Tumba, antea vocatale Hore-rok in the wodd; et fuerunt tam boscus quam prata et terra arabilis inter dictum montem et insulas Syllye, et fuerunt 140 ecclesiæ parochiales inter istum montem et Sylly submersæ.
Prima apparicio Sancti Michaelis in monte Gorgon in regno Apuliæ fuit anno Christi 391.
Secunda apparicio fuit circa annum domini 710 in Tumba in Cornubia juxta mare.
Tertia apparicio Romæ fuit, tempore Gregorii papæ legitur accedisse: nam tempore magnæ pestilenciæ, &c.
Quarta apparicio fuit in ierarchiis nostrorum angelorum.
Spacium loci Montis Sancti Michaelis est ducentorum cubitorum undique oceano cinctum, et religiosi monachi dicti loci, Abrincensis antistes Aubertus nomine, ut in honore Sancti Michaelis construeret ――――; predictus locus opacissimâ primo claudebatur sylvâ, ab oceano miliaribus distans sex, aptissimam prebens latebram ferarum, in quo loco olim comperimus monachos domino servientes.
Memorandum, longitudo ecclesiæ Montis Sancti Michaelis continet 30 steppys.
Latitudo continet 12 steppys.
Longitudo capellæ novæ edificatæ continet 40 pedes, et est 20 steppys;
Latitudo continet circa 10 steppys.
Ab ecclesia usque pedem montis ad aquam maris continet 14 tymes 60 steppys.
Longitudo maris inter villam Markysyoo usque pedem montis Sancti Michaelis continet per estimacionem mille CC id est 700 steppys, Anglice x tymes lxx steppys.
_Nomina principalium fluminum in Cornubia._
Thamar aqua famosissima in Cornubia.
Tavy incipit a ―――― et vadit per Tavystok.
Plym incipit in Dertmore per 14 miliaria in parte boriali, et vadit usque portum vilæ Plymton.
Erm, magnum flumen incipit in Dertmore, et currit usque villam ―――― de le south see.
Yalm water incipit in Dertmore, et vadit ad villam ―――― per 18 miliaria ―――― le more super montem villæ Terwent juxta Camelford valde altum.
Avyn water incipit in Dertmore, et vadit per ―――― in portum ――――.
Dert aqua magna incipit in Dertmore, et est major flumen omnium fluminum, et currit per Toteness per spacium xx miliariorum de fonte, et. deinde currit usque Dertmouth havyn.
Tengmouth, id est Kenton, aqua incipit in Dertmore, et currit per xx miliaria, per ――――, et cadit in mare apud Tengmouth.
Exwater incipit apud Exmore per 30 miliaria ex parte boriali Excester, currit per Bamton, qui distat usque Kyrton per spacium 15 miliariorum, a villa Kyrton usque civitatem Excetyr currit per spacium 7 miliariorum, et ab Excetyr currit usque Topsam, sunt 3 miliaria, et de Topsam currit usque villam Exmouth-havyn per spacium vi miliariorum et ibi cadit in mare meridionale.
Sancta Norwinna virgo jacet in ecclesia, [quæ] stat per ii miliaria de Seynt Nichtons, ubi deo fontes duorum fluminum oriuntur, viz. Thamar flumen qui seperat Cornubiam et Devoniam, et terminat apud le havyn de Saltash juxta Plymouth per tria miliaria, et dictum flumen Thamar currit per Lanceston prope tria miliaria dictæ villæ, et de Ferywater vocat. Calstokyath per tria miliaria de Tavystok usque Kaenrrovn, et deinde usque portum Salt-ash, ubi cadit in portu maris, in toto currit circa 40 miliaria: et alterum flumen vocatur Torge et currit per Haderlee Toryton Bydyford; et cadit in mare apud portum sive Hamonem de Appuldore-port, et sic currit per terram in circuitu per estimacionem 40 miliaria ex parte boriali.
Flumen aquæ de Newbrygge per 5 miliaria ultra Tavystock vocatur Lyner et ejus fons incipit ――――.
Mons Sancti Michaelis
Markysho 7 miliaria usque
Hellyston, usque
Truro 8 miliaria, et usque
Graundpond sex miliaria, et usque
Owstalle 6 miliaria, et usque
Lastydiell 8 miliaria
Lyscard x miliaria usque
Tavystoke, et a dicta villa usque
Okynham 16 miliaria, et a dicta villa ――――.
Tavy aqua sub monasterio Tavystoke currit; incipit in forest Dartemore scita per duo miliaria ex parte orientali villæ de Tavystoke; sed dicta aqua sive fons incipit in dicta foresta ultra 8 miliaria villæ Tavystoke, et vadit per abbathiam de Bokelond per 4 miliaria de Tavystok, et inde per parochialem ecclesiam de Beereferrys ubi les sylver mynes fodiuntur, et abinde cadit in aquam de Tamar infra spacium miliaris supradicti portus.
Pons aquæ Lyners vocat Newbryge distat ex parte meridionali et orientali de Tavystoke per 5 miliaria, id est, a villa de Lescard eundo versus monasterium Tavystoke.
Okyhampton.
Stykylpath distat a Okynton 3 miliaria, et ibi est fons vocatus Tow-water, et incipit per tria miliaria ex parte meridionali, et vadit per mare septemtrionale per Ydy usque Barstaple.
Zeele villa sequitur prope Stykylpath per unum miliare.
Crokornwylle distat per 10 miliaria de Okynampton inter dictam villam et Crokyniwelle, et distat ab Excestre 10 miliaria.
Excestre civitas.
_Informacio Thomæ Peperelle de Tavystoke notarii publici._
Sanctus Ramonus episcopus Hiberniæ jacet in scrinio in ecclesia abbathiæ de Tavystoke inter chorum et capellam Beatæ Mariæ; et ejus dies translacionis agitur 5 die januarii, vigiliæ epiphaniæ, et ejus dies obitus agitur die 28 Augusti.
Sanctus Barnocus, anglice Barnoc, heremita, jacet apud Bramton per 4 miliaria ex parte norwest de Berstaple; fuit filius regis Calabriæ; ejus dies agitur 7 die januarii.
Sanctus Herygh, frater Sancti Vuy, episcopus, jacet in quadam ecclesia scita sub cruce ecclesiæ Sancti Pauli Londoniarum; ejus dies agitur in vigilia omnium sanctorum, id est ultimo die octobris.
Sanctus Vuy, frater Sancti Herygh, jacet in ecclesia parochiali Sancti Vuy prope villam Lalant super mare boriale per tria miliaria de Mont-Myghell; ejus dies agitur die primo februarii.
Sancta Hya, id est Seynt Hy, soror Sancti Herygh et soror Sancti Vuy, virgo jacet in ecclesia parochiali villæ Seynt Hy super mare boriale circa 12 miliaria ab ultimo fine occidentalis regni Angliæ; et ejus dies agitur tertio die februarii.
Castrum quadratum de Lydiford fundatum fuit antiquis annis preteritis per primores Cornubiæ tum conver ――――.
Pons profundissimus tocius Angliæ sub ponte et strictus ――――.
Flumen pontis altissimi sub castro de Lydyford per sex miliaria de Tavystoke, et 6 usque Tokynton; currit de Dertmore fons ejus per 10 miliaria ex parte boriali maris prope villam Seynt Nyghtow, et currit usque aquam portus de Plymouth.
Castrum prenobile de Okehampton prope villam Okehampton per 12 miliaria de Tavystoke versus orientem et Excestriam, quondam Thomæ Curteny comitis Devoniæ, edificatum per Thomam primum comitem.
Fons fluminis de Okehampton currit sub castro supradicto, incipit apud Cremere in Thertmore, et currit usque Lydiford villam et ad Barstaple, incidens in mare boriale portus Barnstaple.
Sancti Michaelis archangeli apparicio in castello Angeli Romæ die 8 Maii.
Sancti Michaelis in monte die 16 Octobris.
Sanctus Gyermocus episcopus, dies ejus agitur die Sancti Johannis in festo natalis: per tria miliaria de monte Sancti Michaelis.
Sancta Branca virgo, dies ejus agitur die primo ―――― jacet in ecclesia prædictæ sanctæ per IIII miliaria montis Michaelis.
Sancta Matheriana virgo jacet in ecclesia parochiæ de Mynstre per dimidium miliare de Botreaux castelle, et per III miliaria de Camelford: fecit unum miraculum de quodam homine extra sensum, ac una muliere et quadam puella in festo Sancti Jacobi, uno anno preterito, et ejus festum agitur circa 9 diem aprilis, secundum relacionem ―――― rectoris parochiæ villa de Mynster.
_In libro Kalendarii principalis libri Antiphaner ecclesiæ Thomæ prioris canonicorum de Bodman inveni scriptum de bona manu._
Sanctus Codocus confessor, 24 die Januarii, C littera.
Sanctus Pieranus episcopus, 5 die Martii, A littera.
Sanctus Wenedocus, et Felicitatis virginis, 7 die Marcii.
Sanctus Constantinus rex et martir, 9 die Marcii, E. littera.
Sanctus Woronus confessor, die 7 Aprilis, F. littera.
Sanctus Ydrocus confessor, die 5 Maii, F. littera.
Sanctus Karantocus episcopus et confessor, 16 die die Maii, C. littera.
Sancta Potenciana virgo, die Sancti Dunstani archiepiscopi.
Sanctus Germanus episcopus et confessor, die 27 Maii.
Dedicatio ecclesiæ conventualis Bodman 24 die Augusti.
Sanctus ―――― heremita die 21 Augusti, B. littera.
Exaltacio Sancti Petroci die exaltacionis sanctæ crucis.
Sanctus Laudus 21 die septembris.
Translacio Sancti Petroci die 8 octobris, A littera.
Sanctus Johannes archiepiscopus Ebor. die 25 octobris.
Sanctus Withinocus episcopus et confessor, die 7 Novembris C littera.
Sancta Menna martir, die XI novembris.
Sancta Menefreda virgo non martir, die 24 novembris F. littera.
Sanctus Osmundus episcopus 4 die decembris.
Sanctus Servacius episcopus.
Sanctus Senseus jacet in parochia Sancti Justi juxta Hellyston circa 4 miliaria.
Memorandum quod villa Lawnceston est principalis et major latititudo tocius comitatus Cornubiæ, quia distat a mare boriali per 9 miliaria ex parte orientali, 20 miliaria de mare Severn ex parte boriali, et similiter decem miliaria a mare ex parte meridionali.
Flumen aquæ de Bodman incipit in prioratu Sancti Petroci de Bodman; le Carn-Water nominatur a quodam homine vocato Carn, qui fecit pontem in villa Bodman; et cadit in aquam vocatam Dynmere per unum miliare versus boriale mare de Bodman; et sic vadit per villam Pascow per 12 miliaria de Bodman versus mare boriale, ubi capit in portu maris borialis post transitum super Dynmerbrygge [qui] continet 6 archuatas, et per Wadebrygge qui continet 12 archuatas de lapidibus constructas.
_Memorandum de ortu foncium et aquarum fluminum in comitatu Cornubiæ et Devoniæ._
Excestre aqua incipit ――――.
Tyngmouth flumen, aqua proxima versus Myghellmont, incipit apud ――――.
Flumen Deerso, quod vadit ad hamonem villæ Totenese, et sic usque Dartemouth.
Flumen Plymouth.
Flumen Tavystoke incipit circa 3 miliaria ex parte boriali Tavystoke, cadit in Ashwater.
Flumen Plinmouth.
Flumen pontis Riale incipit in parte boriali Launceston per tria miliaria, cadit in Ashwater; prima aqua Tamar, ubi est passagium per decem miliaria ad mare meridionale.
Flumen aquæ vocatæ Low-log incipit in le mere ex parte boriali Lyscard et Lascydialle-brigge, et cadit in mari apud portum Low.
Flumen aquæ de Fowey vadit per Reppynbrygge per 6 miliaria citra Fowey; incipit apud fontem vocatum Few per IIII miliaria ultra Lascidyelle.
Flumen aquæ Trywardreth prope Fowey incipit in parochia villæ Seynt Austell et cadit in Trewardreth bay.
Flumen aquæ Trywoodreth vadit per Valemouth portum.
Flumen portus Barleford.
Insula de Greef scita est in Cornubia juxta prioratum monachorum de Trewdreth, juxta villam de Fowey per tria miliaria ex parte occidentali; et dicta insula jacet ex opposito patriæ Britanniæ vocatæ le Foorne. Et insula Ushand jacet in le seebord, anglice south et north, per distanciam latitudinis de le narrow see vocatum aliter le channel de Flaunders per spacium v kennyngys, et quilibet kennyng continet VII leucas, id est 21 miliaria, unde sunt cv miliaria; hæc habentur per informacionem Roberti Bracey consanguinei mei apud Fowey.
Insula Camber est ex opposito Wynchelsea et Rye, distat a firma terra de Wynchylsee per 3 miliaria, et continet ex omni parte circa duo milliaria, et est in media dictæ insulæ capella Sancti Antonii.
Insula parva, anglice a rok, vocata Edestone, scita sowth et north ex opposito Plymouth, aliter dicta le forland de Raume opyn upon Plymmouth, et jacet in le narrow-see per circa 15 miliaria.
Insula Sancti Michaelis de Loo jacet anglice opyn upon villæ Loo, videlicet per 5 miliaria ex parte orientali de Fowey, et a firma terra in mari per unum miliare, et continet in circuitu per 4 miliaria, et in latitudine ex omni parte per 1 miliare.
Insula montis Sancti Michaelis continet in circuitu circa unum miliare, et distat a firma terra per jactum unius sagittæ; et insula Ushand in Britannia est in meridionali parte insulæ de Mont-Myghelle.
Pentybers-rok, maximus scopulus, in aqua Severn scita, ex parte occidentali portus de Padistow ac castri Tyntagelle per 4 miliaria, et distat a firma terra per unum miliare, et ibi nidificant aves vocatæ ganettys, gullys, seemowys, et cæteræ aves marinæ.
Insula Sancti Nicholai in portu de Plymouth scita continet in longitudine ―――― et latitudine ――――.
Et ibi est capella Sancti Nicholai fundata.
_Bodman Villa._
Longitudo ecclesiæ prioratus canonicorum Bodman continet 64 virgas.
Latitudo ejus continet 17 virgas.
Companile continet in latitudine 7 virgas.
1239. Ecclesiam fratrum Sancti Francisci de Bodman Richardus comes Cornubiæ, filius fratris Henrici tercii, fundavit; et anno Christi 1352 dedicata est ecclesia per Johannem de Grandissono Exoniensem episcopum.
_In martirologio fratrum minorum Bodman._
Scriptum est, lex gratitudinis requirit, ut beneficia beneficiis recompensentur, unde Beatus Augustinus libro soliloquiorum dicit, beneficium accepisti, et auctorem ejus non agnoscis; dominus in manifesto, et largitor in occulto, ista arguunt ingratitudinem: et quia labilis est humana memoria, ne multiplicia beneficia facta in ecclesia monasterii Sancti Benedicti de Hulmo, diocesis Norwicensis, per Johannem Fastolf chevalier, ideo dignum duxi dicta hic in scripto redigere ut patebit inferius.
_Nobiles et generosi in kalendario fratrum Sancti Francisci de Bodman._
Edmundus et Johannes comites Cornubiæ.
Johannes filius Radulphi de Bodman.
Dominus Johannes de Arundell chevalier.
Dominus Willelmus Seregeaux.
Dominus Hugo Peverelle.
Dominus Thomas de Cantia.
Dominus Johannes Beaupree.
Dominus ―――― Trewynt.
1369. Dominus Thomas Carmynew miles.
Dominus Willelmus Sergeaux.
Dominus Willelmus Trelothyk.
Dominus Baldewynus de Bello prato.
Dominus Edmundus Hywys armiger.
Dominus Walterus Blewet.
Willelmus Blundelle.
Dominus Thomas de Cantia, obiit anno Christi 1299.
1360. Domina Sibilia Daime obiit.
Richardus rex Alemaniæ, comes Cornubiæ, 3 die Aprilis obiit.
1314. Jacobus de Peverelle obiit.
1346. Margeria de Treverbyw obiit.
1327. Hugo de Peverelle miles obiit.
Walterus episcopus Exoniensis obiit die 23 Jullii, precipuus benefactor fratrum Sancti Francisci.
1349. Domina Margareta Sergeaux, obiit primo die Augusti.
Johannes Mowne armiger, die 2ᵒ Augusti.
Dominus Radulphus de Wytheel.
Domina Alicia Fittzwater.
Edmundus comes Cornubiæ, primo die Octobris.
Johannes Rodeney miles.
Edmundus Clevedon miles.
Willelmus Chambron anno Christi 1353.
_In registro apud Bodman ecclesiam fratrum minorum._
Magna pestilencia per universum mundum inter Saracenos, qui pagans, et postea inter christianos; incepit primo in Anglia circa kalend. Augusti, et parum ante Nativitatem Domini intravit villam Bodminiæ, ubi mortui fuerunt circa mille quingentos per estimacionem; et numerus fratrum defunctorum a capitulo generali Lugduniæ celebratum anno Christi 1351, usque ad aliud sequens capitulum generale, fuit de fratribus tresdecim milia octingenti octaginta tres, exceptis sex vicariis.
_Informacio Roberti Bracey apud Fowey._
Sancta Kynburga virgo, 25 die Junii, in Kalendario Bodman.
Sanctus Vylloc, heremita et martir, natus de Hibernia, de parochia Lanteglys, ubi Walterus episcopus Norwicensis fuit natus in dicta parochia per unum miliare villæ de Fowey, et dictus sanctus habet festum ejus custoditum die jovis proxime ante festum pentecosten.
Polrewen villa } Bodennek villa } sunt in parochia Lanteglys scitæ Lanteglys villa } super aquam de Fowey.
Memorandum quod Walterus episcopus Norwicensis fuit natus in dicta villa, et fuit filius molendinarii.
Sanctus Wyllow fuit decapitatus per Melyn ys kynrede prope locum ubi episcopus Norwici Walterus fuit natus, et portavit usque pontem Sancti Wyllow per spacium dimidii miliaris ad locum ubi dicta ecclesia fundatur in suo honore.
Sanctus Barnic episcopus, callid Anglice Seynt Barre, sepelitur in ecclesia de Fowey, et ejus festum per III dies proxime ante festum sancti Michaelis, id est per XIII septimanas proxime ante festum Natalis Domini.
Sanctus Hyldren episcopus jacet in parochia Lansalux juxta parochiam Lanteglys; ejus festum agitur primo die Februarii, id est vigiliæ purificationis Beatæ Mariæ.
Sanctus Sirus presbiter jacet in ecclesia prioratus religiosorum Sancti Keryk per unum miliare villæ de Fowey, et cella pertinet prioratui de Montague.
Sanctus Mancus episcopus jacet in ecclesia Lanretho prope villam de Fowey infra duo miliaria; ejus festum agitur die jovis proxime ante festum pentecosten.
Sanctus Juncus jacet in ecclesia de Plynt prope villam de Loo, per 6 miliaria de Fowey, et 14 miliaria de Plynton.
1457 circa, Nicholaus Radford, manens apud Pogh-hylle circa 4 miliaria de Kyrton, juris peritissimus de concilio domini Bonevyle contra Thomam Corteney comitem Devoniæ, fuit occisus per Thomam filium comitis seniorem, in loco seu domo dicti Radulphi [_sic, qu._ Radford]; et dictus Thomas filius postea comes fuit, et fuit capitaneus apud Wakefeld, ubi Ricardus dux Ebor, Georgius comes de Richmond ―――― fuere occisi.
_Versus in tabula ecclesiæ Tavystok._
Cum sine spe timor, mox desperatio torquet, Et nisi spes timeat, subita presumpcio damnat, Ergo timor sine spe, nec spes valet absque timore, Sic inferre potest, hic amat, ergo timet, Est amor ergo timor, sed non convertitur inde.
Ordulphus dux Cornubiæ tempore Edgari regis fundavit monasterium de Tavystoke.
_Versus in kalendario ecclesiæ Tavystoke._
Quo quis a dextris te percute sive sinistro.
Hic perempti sunt pirati sine numero et 12 apud Sulham.
_In kalendario ecclesiæ monasterii Tavistoke._
Sanctus Petrocus confessor, 4 die Junii.
Sanctus Nin martir, die 15 Junii.
1264 Sancti Simonis de Monte-forti, die 4 Augusti.
Sancti Adelwaldi episcopi, die 2 Augusti.
Sancti Elidii episcopi, 8 die Augusti, jacet in insula Syllys.
Dedicacio ecclesiæ Sanctæ Mariæ de Tavystoke, 21 die Augusti.
Sancta Elena regina, die 25 Augusti.
Sanctus Genosius, die 25 Augusti.
Sanctus Rinnom episcopus, die 30 Augusti.
Nō + memoria de sancto Hermeto, 28 die Augusti.
Nō + memoria de sancto Aidiano martire, 8 die Septembris.
Nō + sancto Maurio cum sociis VI M^1 III^c XXVI.
Longitudo ecclesiæ monasterii Tavystoke continet preter capellam Beatæ Mariæ 126 steppys; et ejus latitudo continet cum 14 steppys latitudinis navis ecclesiæ 21 steppys.
Longitudo navis dictæ ecclesiæ tantum usque ad chorum continet 60 steppys.
Longitudo chori 42 steppys; longitudo capellæ cum transitu circa 36 steppys.
Longitudo ecclesiæ parochialis Tavystoke continet 90 steppys; et ejus latitudo continet 26 steppys.
Longitudo ecclesiæ parochialis Lyscard continet 74 steppys.
Latitudo ejus continet 34 steppys.
Longitudo claustri novi 45 steppys.
Insulæ de Sully sunt sub approtasmento Pii papæ anno 1462, 6 idus Julii anno 3^o pontificatus Pii papæ, ad instanciam abbatis Tavystoke, et domini Johannis Colfylle militis, domini principalium insularum, et dictus abbas est rector dictarum insularum.
* * * * *
Memorandum quod comes de Oxford per V annos preteritos die Martis in crastino Sancti Michaelis, tempore quo Fortescue armig. fuit vicecomes Cornubiæ, applicuit ad castrum Mont. Mychelle cum LCCC hominibus. Et contra XI millia hominum armatorum ex parte domini regis E. quarti dictum comitem obsedebant per XXIII septimanas, videlicet usque diem sabbati proxima ante diem martis carniprivii voc. le clansyng days pro ―――― cum domino rege demittebat fortalicium eundo ad dominum regem.
_De fundatione Collegii Penryn._
1471. Die jovis, vigilia parascheven, obiit Magister Trewynnard, natus in villa Seynt Ives, quondam socius collegii Exoniensis Oxfordiæ, postea prepositus collegii Sancti Thomæ villæ de Penryn per ―――― annos continuavit.
Locus Collegii predicti in Penryn ab antiquo vocabatur Glasneyth in lingua Cornubiæ, anglice Polsethow, aliter dictus puteus sagittarii.
Falmouth havyn pertinet villæ Penryn.
Fundacio collegii predicti per Walterum episcopum Excestriæ in anno Christi 1265.
In anno millesimo domini ducenteno.
Atque sexagesimo post cum quinto pileno.
Mem. quod dominus Johannes Anger fuit vicarius magistri Michaelis Trewynnard.
Mem. quod longitudo eeclesiæ videlicet navis continet 36 steppys meos; et longitudo chori continet circa 60 steppys.
_Inceptio tabulæ fundacionis Collegii Penryn._
Placet mihi dicere vel stanti scriptura, Res auditas ponere pro gente futura.
_Itinerarium._
Le north-see. Villæ principales super mare boriale sitæ.
Primo Seynt Hyes villa versus orientem ex parte boriali maris distat a Musholt 8 miliaria.
De Seynt Hyes usque Lananta 2 miliaria.
De Lananta usque Redruth borough 8 miliaria.
De Redruth super mare usque Seynt Columb 18 myles.
De Seynt Columbe usque Wade-brygge [pons longus est] prope Padistow 5 miliaria.
De Wade-brygge [18 archys longitudinis] usque Tyntagell borough 8 miliaria.
De Tyntagell usque Botrowse-castell 3 miliaria.
De Botrowse-castell usque Camelford 3 miliaria.
De Camelford usque Stratton prope castellum Lynamy, domini Johannis Colvyle, 12 miliaria.
De Stratton usque Kylkhampton super mare VI myles.
De Kylkhampton usque Almanteston et Downehedborow 12 miliaria infra patriam.
De Almanteston usque Polston-brygge versus orientem duo miliaria; et ibi inceptio comitatus Cornwalliæ.
Mem. de Seynt Hyes villa, et omnes villæ proxime sequentes sunt scitæ super mare boriale versus orientem præter villam de Launceston.
Memorandum, quod pons Wade-brygge scita super et prope villam Wade, ex parte meridionali villæ de Paddistow, continet 18 arches; et longitudo pontis est north et south.
Memorandum in patria comitatus Cornubiæ est.
Pons magnus est scitus super aquam Tamar, est scitus inter Kylkhampton et Lanceston super le Freshwater.
Pons vocatus Polston-brygge scitus super flumen Tamarwater, sequitur per unum miliare de Lanceston ex parte orientali, continet circa 6 arches, per patriam edificatus.
Item, pons vocatus Greston-brygge scitus super aquam Thamar per tria miliaria ex parte orientali de Lanceston in medio patriæ.
Pons vocatus Hautes-brygge proxime sequitur super aquam Thamar prope villam Dyrynton, per unum miliare ex parte orientali de Derynton.
De Hawtys-brigge usque Kellyngton villam sunt 5 miliaria, et aqua fluminis Thamar transit usque Seynt Germayn, et deinde usque Kaergrowne, et de Kaergrowne usque Asth, ubi cecidit in mari inter Plymoth et Saltash.
Memorandum quod aqua Thamar incipit apud fontem inter villam Seynt Nyghtens et Torynton.
_Memorandum de lez havyns Cornubiæ._
A Pensans usque Plymmouth havyn, et specialiter pertinentes ad havyn de Falmouth sunt 147 portus et crykes.
Imprimis circa villam Falmouth sunt 147 havyns infra spacium 70 miliaria a Tavystoke versus occidentem usque portum Markysew versus occidentem et Pensans.
Pensans havyn distat, videlicet ab occidentalissima parte Angliæ proxime les isles de Syllye, per 2 miliaria ad villam vocatam Markysyow, distat per 20 miliaria usque
Truro, distat per 4 miliaria usque
Falmouth [et] Penryn, distat per 4 miliaria usque
Seynt Austyn, distat per 6 miliaria usque
Thewrew, [Tywardreth] a Frensh priorie, distat per 10 miliaria usque
Collant, distat per 5 miliaria usque
Lastydyelle, distat per 4 miliaria usque
Fowey, distat per 10 miliaria usque
Bodennek, per 2 miliaria a
Bodennek Botroux castell, distat usque Low 5 miliaria.
A Low havyn distat usque Plymouth [et] Saltash 11 miliaria.
A Saltash usque Corgrowne tria miliaria.
Corgrowne prope Tavystoke abbotys ―――― ibi sunt salmones per duo miliaria de Corgroyn.
Plymouth.
Distat par 3 miliaria de Saltash usque Plymouth.
_Hinc finit les havyns de Cornewayles._
Mem. from Pensance to Seynt Yves jette 6 myle.
Item, from Seynt Yves usque Lalant havyn 2 myle.
Item, from Lalant havyn to Patystoe havyn.
Item, from Patystoo havyn to Barstaple.
Item, from Barstaple to Ilfercombe.
Item, from Ilfercombe to Briggewater.
Item, from Bryggewater to Uphylle.
Item, from Uphylle to Mynett.
Item, from Mynehed to Bristow.
Oxford ultra Faryndon 12 myles.
Faryndon ultra Bassett-Sutton 15 myle,
Bassett Sutton per 15 myle de Clak.
Clak distat 15 miliaria de Bath,
Bathe 15 miliaria.
Well.
Glastynbery distat usque Brygewater 9 miliaria.
A Bryggewater ad Taunton 7 miliaria.
Pons pulcherrimus ultra Tanton per 1 miliaria.
A Taunton usque Wellynton 5 miliaria.
A Wellynton usque Culmyton 10 miliaria.
A Colmyton usque Excestre 10 miliaria.
Excestre.
Sanctus Justus martir jacet in parochia Sancti Yoest, distat a Pensans versus occidentem per 5 miliaria super litus occidentalissimæ partis Angliæ, et de villa Mousehold ultra versus insulas Syly per IIII [xxx] miliaria.
Sanctus Borianus martir est in parochia Sancti Boriani, distat ultra villam Pensansper 4 miliaria super littus maris.
Castrum Restormel est scitum inter villam Lastydielle et Lanceston.
Lanceston villa est per 16 miliaria ex parte north-west.
A Excestre ad Montem Michaelis, prima villa Baytyns, ad Crocornwell 10 miliaria.
A Crokornwell to Okynton-castell 10 miliaria.
De Okynton usque Launceston 15 miliaria.
A Launceston usque Bodman per ―――― more 20 miliaria.
A Bodman usque Machell 14 miliaria.
A Machell usque Rydryth citra Helleston 12 miliaria.
A Redryth usque Montem Sancti Michaelis 12 myles.
Memorandum quod Truro scita est citra Rytheryth versus orientem per 7 miliaria.
1. Mount Mygell ultra Excestre 100 miliaria.
2. Seynt Mychel de Rock per 30 miliaria ultra montem Sancti Michaelis et per 5 miliaria ultra Bodman.
3. Seynt Mychel Rowtor per tria miliaria de Camelforth, per 8 miliaria de Bodman.
4. Sanctus Mychaelis de Brenton, ibi est capella per 2 miliaria ultra Tavystoke versus Lanceston.
5. Sanctus Mychels borough per 7 miliaria de Taunton citra.
Sanctus Michaelis de Montague prope Yevell, et per 2 miliaria de Crokehorn, altissimus mons.
Sanctus Myghell prope Glastynbery voc. de Torre.
6. Sanctus Michaelis Trewin per 5 miliaria ultra Lastendon super altum montem.
Fycetyr xx m. to
Okynton, and 15 m. to
Lanceston, et est pons voc. Polston bryge per unum miliare citra Lanceston, ubi Cornubia incipit.
Bodman 20 m. and to Metshald [Mitchel] 16.
Metshow 16 myle, and 16 m.
to Redryth, and to the (?) 10 myle, and to
Mount Myghell 16 myles, Markysowe.
Calstoketrach proper per unum miliare voc. Howtesbrygge per 4 miliaria de Kellyngton.
Fowey moor per 12 miliaria longitudinis, et infra 8 miliaria est Trewynt villagium.
Plymouth 20 miliaria to Okyngton.
Plymton est castell, ys 3 miliaria de Plymton citra Plymouth.
_In ecclesia fratrum predictorum villæ Truro._
Sanctus Vincentius frater ordinis predicti 5 Aprilis.
Sanctus Illugham de Cornubia jacet prope Redruth prope villam Truro burgagium.
1465. Rad’s Reskymer arm. obiit.
Radulphus de Albo Monasterio chevalier.
Johannes Ardell chevalier.
Johannes Beaupre chevalier.
Radulphus de Bello-prato chevalier obiit 1329.
Dominus Otho de Godrygan.
1464. Matilda Ardelie, obiit die 5 Novembris.
1264. Penryn villa prope Falmouth. Ecclesia collegii, ubi magister Michaelus fuit principalis prepositus canonicorum et vicariorum ibidem, fundata fuit per Walterum le goode episcopum Excestriæ; et episcopum cognomine Graundson [qui] fuit alter ejus fundator in beneficiis dictæ post dictum Walterum.
Longitudo dictæ ecclesiæ, navis videlicet ejusdem, continet circa 50 steppys.
Latitudo brachiorum ecclesiæ continet per estimationem tantum 50 steppys.
Longitudo chori ecclesiæ cum circuitu ejusdem continet circa 50 steppys ultra per estimacionem.
_Apud Mount Myghylle._
Memorandum Mountes-bay lyeth froe le setre yn the est party to the poynte of Moushole yn the west party; and the chef rode of the bay for see men that comyth thes way ys called Gooveslake cum a yense neekly.
_In kalendario ecclesiæ Mont Myghell._
Sanctus Wilfridus episcopus in crastino Sancti Georgii.
Sanctus Petrocus confessor 4 die Junii.
Sancta Hylda virgo 25 die Augusti.
Sanctus Hermes confessor ―――― Cornubia 28 die Augusti.
Translacio Sancti Berini episcopi 4 die Septembris, id est die Sancti Cuthberti.
S――――. Majore martir die XI Novembris.
Sanctus Nonnita mater Sancti David jacet apud ecclesiam villæ Alternoniæ per 6 miliaria de Lanceston, ubi natus fuit Sanctus David.
Brokannus in partibus Walliarum regulus fide et morum etc. per Gladewysam uxorem ejus genuit 24 filios et filias, et hiis nominibus vocabantur.
Nectanus.
Johannes.
Sudebrent.
Menfrede.
Delyan.
Tetha.
Maben.
Wentu.
Wensent.
Marwenna.
Wenna.
Julliana.
Yse.
Morwenna.
Wymip.
Wenheden.
Cleder.
Kery.
Jona.
Heley.
Lanant.
Rerhender.
Adwenhelye.
Tamalant.
Omnes isti filii et filiæ postea fuerunt sancti et martires vel confessores, et in Devonia vel Cornubia heremeticam vitam ducentes; sicut enim inter omnes quorum vitæ meritis et virtutum miraculis Cornubiensis vel Devoniensis irradiatur ecclesia, beatus Nectanus primo genitus fuit, ita cæteris omnibus honestate vitæ major fuit, et prodigiorum choruscitate excellentior extitit.
Fuit in ultimus Walliarum partibus vir dignitate regulus, fide et morum honestate preclarus, nomine Brokannus, a quo provincia ipsa nomen sortita nuncupatur Brokannok usque in presentem diem; hic itaque Brokmannus, antequam ex uxore sua Gladewysa filium vel filiam genuisset, in Hiberniam profectus est, uxorem suam et omnia sua relinquens; timuerat enim, ne si cum uxore sua remaneret, generacionem ex ea procrearet, qua impediretur ne libere Domino servire potuisset. Mansit igitur in Hibernia 24 annis, bonis operibus intendens; postea autem visitare patriam suam volens, rediit in Walliam, ubi uxorem suam adhuc viventem invenit. Post aliquantulum autem temporis sicut Deus preordinaverat, licet ipse homo non proposuisset, uxorem suam cognovit, ex qua postea 24 filios et filias genuit. Videns Dei virtutem cui nemo resistere potest, ait, “Jam Deus in me vindicavit quod contra disposicionem voluntatis ejus venire frustra disposui; quia enim 24 annis ab uxore mea ne sobolem procrearem illicitè effugi, dedit mihi pro quolibet anno illicitæ continentiæ sobolem unam quia jam 24 filios et filias post 24 annos ab eadem uxore suscepi.” Prædicti autem 24 filii et filiæ, quos predictus Brokannus ex uxore sua Gladewysa genuit, hiis nominibus vocabantur, Nectanus et cætera.
Et venerandus vir Nectanus per quæque nemorosa dispendia investigando querere ab hiis repertus latronibus in loco, qui adhuc hodie dicitur Nova Villa; ibi jam ecclesia in ejus honore construitur. 15 kal, Julii capite truncatus est, et caput suum propriis accipiens manibus per medium ferme spacii stadium usque ad fontem quo morabatur detulerit, ibique sanguine circumlinitum sudori cuidam lapidi imposuit, cujus adhuc cædis et miraculi sanguinolenta in eodem lapide remanent vestigia.
1189. Pridie nonas Julii obiit Henricus rex secundus Angliæ, sepultus est in Normannia.
Henricus rex ―――― dedit maritagium Isabellæ filiæ Ricardi Strangbow Willelmo Mariscallo primo, et sic factus est comes tocius Pembrochiæ, et dominus tocius hereditatis.
1200. Abbathia de Voto in Hibernia; Willelmus Marescallus fundavit.
1175. Ricardus comes de Strangbow obiit.
1148. Gilbertus Strongbow obiit.
1287. Conventus ecclesiæ Beatæ Mariæ de Tynterna intravit dictam ecclesiam ad celebrandum in nova ecclesia.
Et quinto nonas Octobris in anno sequenti conventus intravit in choro, et prima missa celebrata fuit ad magnum altare.
Mem. quod in Anglia sunt 52,080 villas per Domesday invent.
Item, sunt in Anglia XV milia XI ecclesiæ parochiales.
1242. Gilbertus Marescallus obiit et sepultus est apud novum templum London 5 kalend. Julii, et obiit in quodam torneamento apud Warewyk; et eodem anno Walterus quartus filius Willelmi Marescalli successit in hereditatem antecessorum suorum, et factus est comes Pembrochiæ.
Et obiit anno Christi 1246, videlicet 5 kalend. Decembris apud castrum Godrici.
1246. Ancelinus quintus frater obiit, et apud Tynternam sepultus decimo kalend. Januarii.
1438. Die jovis voc. Maundy-Thursday magister Johannes Benet rector de Pytney obiit.
_Viagium Thomæ Clerk de Waar, incipiendo octavis Sancti Johannis Baptistæ circa annum Christi 1476, equitando ad Montem infra 10 dies, et revertendo ad Waare per alios 10 dies._
Waare.
Watford.
Bekynfeld.
Henely.
Redyng.
Kyngyslere.
Andever.
Salisbery.
Sheftysbery.
Shyrborn.
Yevylle.
Crokehorn.
Cherd.
Honyton.
Excetyr.
Crocornwille.
Okynton.
Lanceston.
Bodman.
Machehole.
Rooderyth.
Marchew. Margew distat per unum quartum miliaris de Monte Michaelis.
* * * * *
Longitudo ecclesiæ canonicorum regularium Sancti Augustini villæ de Allaunston continet 100 de steppys meis.
Et in latitudine continet 24 de steppis meis.
Mem. Episcopus Warwaste fundavit ecclesiam canonicorum regularum de Launceston.
Ecclesiam Seynt Germyns.
Ecclesiam ――――.
1236. Henricus rex Angliæ duxit Elianoram filiam comitis Provinciæ apud Cantuar. idibus Januarii die dominica.
_In ecclesia de Lanceston._
Sanctus Nectanus martir die Junii ut ibidem et Lanson.
Sancta Monnetta 3 die Jullii.
Sancta Elena mater Constantini imperatoris.
Sanctus Pyranus episcopus de Cornubia 18 die Novembris.
In Hibernia. Translacio Sancti Genesii Lesmorensis archiepiscopi 6 vel 5 nonas Maii.
Translacio capitis Sancti Genesii martiris 14 kal. Augusti.
_Villa de Launceston, in ecclesia canonicorum de Launceston._
Natale Sanctæ Satinolæ virginis 4 nonas Augusti.
In Britannia, natale Sancti Genesii martiris, qui ob. capitis truncationem ―――― in ecclesiæ canonicorum Lancesdon.
Castrum de Morteyn in Lancesdon fundatum per comitem de Morteyng.
Et fuerunt III fratres sub nomine Sancti Genesii, et unusquisque caput suum portabat; unus archiepiscopus Lismore.
_Nomina liberorum tenentium in Acle,[43] tempore comitis Rogeri Bygod, qui est dominus manerii et patronus ecclesiæ, circa annum Christi ――――._
Johannes tenet I mesuagium, XII acras terræ, r. per annum IIs.
Hugo le Ris t. IX acras terræ, r. XVIIId.
Willelmus de Burgo tenet I mesuagium, r. VIs.
Thomas de Burgo r. pro communi habendo IIIId.
Rogerus Plantyng t. XXXVI acras I rod, r. IXs. VId.
Ricardus Stywar et Robertus de Ecclesia tenent X acras terræ, r. XVIId. ob.
Hugo de Caylly tenet ――――.
Willelmus de Monte Caviso tenet ――――.
Godwynus Segge r. ad festum Sancti Martini per certam convencionem IIs.
Edūs Oberdam t. ―――― et reddit per annum XVIs. VId. ob. q.
Willelmus Cosus t. X acras terræ I rod. r. IIs. Id. ob.
Placita et perquisita valent per annum Cs.
Est ibi forum quod affirmatur ad XLs.
Est ibi columbare, valet per annum VIIIs.
Turbaria per estimacionem per annum IIIIl.
Item duo molendina valent per annum IIIIl.
Item possunt sustentare L averia in manerio tempore hiemali, et per totum annum LX porcos.
Item herbagium castri valet IIIl.
Item valor III mariscorum per annum XXXVl.
Item valor gardini per annum Xs.
Item valor prati et pasturæ per annum XIXs. XId.
Item redditus assis’ valet VIIIl. IXs. VId. q.
Item valor tocius terræ arabilis de dominico valet per annum XXIIIl. XIXs. VId.
Item est ibidem consuetudo, quod quilibet habitans in villa, non habens terram nec domum dabit comiti per annum id. et estimatur per annum IVs.
Item sunt ibidem in dominico CCIX acræ et XII pertic. terræ arabilis in diversis culturis dominii.
Item sunt III marisci viz. de Holm, mariscus de Hesty, et mariscus de Hallycote.
Est ibidem parcus, in quo possunt sustentare CXX averia per annum, et valet pastura cujuslibet VId.
* * * * *
Sanctus Mybbard heremita, filius regis Hiberniæ, aliter dictus Colrogus, ejus corpus jacet in scrinio ecclesiæ de Kardynan, distat per duo miliaria de Bodman, ex parte orientali et meridionali, et per 4 miliaria de Lastydyelle ex parte boriali et per 7 miliaria de Lescard ex parte occidentali, secundum relacionem uxoris ―――― ecclesiæ, qui fuit natus in parochia; et ejus dies agitur die jovis proxima ante festum pentecostes.
Sanctus Mancus, consodalis ejus, heremita jacet in parochia de Lanteglas; at villa vocata Bodennek est in dicta parochia, et ejus festum agitur die jovis proxima ante festum pentecostem.
Sanctus Wyllow heremita fuit consocius Sancti Manii et Sancti Mydbard et ejus festum tenetur die jovis proxima ante festum pentecosten, et ipse jacet in parochia Alleretew [Lanteglos] per unum miliare de Bodennek.
* * * * *
Die lunæ 16 Augusti incepi viagium de Norwico usque Myghell-mont in Cornubia.
Martis 18.
Mercurii 19.
Jovis 21 die Augusti applicui Londoniis hora meridionali.
Veneris 21 London.
Sabbato 23 London.
Dominica 23.
Lunæ 24.
Martis 25.
Mercurii 26, hora quinta post meridiem equitavi de Londoniis versus episcopum Wyntoniensem apud Waltham et Wynchester, et reposui apud Wandesworth.
Jovis.
Veneris 28 die applicui ad dominum episcopum hora prandii, et post meridiem equitavi usque Southampton cum Thoma Danvers.
Veneris predicto applicui Southampton et ibi pernoctavi.
Sabbato 29 Augusti, applicui apud Romsey-abbey in meridie, post repastum meum cum magistro North apud Nusselyng.
Dominica 30 die Augusti fui apud Salysbery per medietatem diei ante meridiem.
Dicto die fuit apud Wylton-abbey ad missam Sanctæ Edithæ.
Dicto die dominica applicui apud villam Cheverelle per duo miliaria citra le Vyes, ubi quidem homo vocatus Philippus Pur pernoctavit me sua curtesia.
Lunæ applicui ――――.
Lunæ ultimo die Augusti equitavi per villam de Vyes, Yakysbery, et ultimo apud Manerium de Crofton, quondam Katermayno in parochia de Helmerton, ubi feci negotium Thomæ Danvers armigeri.
Postea equitavi per villas de Stanley-abbey et Chypenham, et applicui usque Castelcombe.
Martis die primo Septembris, Sancti Egidii, equitavi per Mershfelde versus Bristolliam, applicando ibi hora circa 6 post meridiem.
Mercurii primo Septembris, Bristolliæ.
Jovis 2 Septembris, incepi equitare de Bristollia primo per aquam usque ―――― et postea equest. usque Aust-clyf ibidem pernoctando.
Veneris 3 die Septembris de Aust-clyff per aquam usque Chepstow navigando, ad prandium applicando usque abbathiam de Tyntern.
Sabbati 4 die Septembris, fui ibidem.
Dominica 5 die Septembris fui Tyntern-abbey tota die.
Lunæ 7 die Septembris equitavi de Tyntern in mane.
Lunæ predicto fui apud Chepstow.
Lunæ predicto applicui ultra aquam per Aust-clyff usque Westbery.
Martis 7 die Septembris nativitatis Beatæ Mariæ apud Westbery audivi divina servicia.
Martis predicto post meridiem applicui Bristolliæ.
Mercurii 9 Septembris, de Bristollia hora meridionali applicui usque Wells pernoctando.
Jovis 10 Septembris, applicui Glastynbery, et applicui post meridiem usque Chedsey villam per duo miliaria de Bryggewater.
Veneris 11 Septembris, applicui Bryggewater.
Veneris predicto, jantavi apud Taunton ―――― et applicui ad noctem ad villam de ―――― per 12 miliaria de Taunton.
Sabbati 12 die Septembris jantavi apud Kyrton, ubi est collegium.
Sabbati prædicto applicui ad villam Okenton, ubi est castellum comitis Devoniæ, pernoctando ibidem.
Dominica 13 die Septembris de Okenton usque villam de Launceston cum castro, et pernoctavi tota die et nocte.
Locutus fui de doctore Ewen et certis cronicis.
Lunæ 14 die Septembris, exaltationis sanctæ crucis, de prioratu Launceston equitavi per le Moore post meridiem, ubi equus meus occidet, applicando ad Bodman, loquendo cum fratre Mowne etcet.
Martii 15 die Septembris apud Bodman loquendo cum ―――― Bernard, et equitavimus per villam Trewro, pernoctando cum Otys Philip valetto coronæ regis.
Mercurii 16 die Septembris fui apud Trewro, et apud fratres predicantes videndo martilogium, et applicavimus usque villam Markysew prope Montem Michaelis ad noctem.
Jovis 17 die Septembris Sancti Lamberti, audivi missam apud Myghell-mont.
Jovis predicto, post meridiem reequitavi usque villam Penryn.
Veneris 18 Septembris, pernoctavi usque villam Penryn, ubi est collegium, et applicui ad Bodman.
Dominica 20 Septembris, equitavi de Bodman usque villam Lastidyelle, et applicui usque villam Bokehenney et ―――― et Fowey, loquendo et pernoctando cum Roberto Bracey.
Lunæ 21 equitavi per Lyscard apud Ferram, et applicui per le moore vocat. Dertmore, et per aquam vocatam le Hach ―――― et applicui usque abbathiam Tavystoke, pernoctando.
* * * * *
Sanctus Cradokus est honoratus in ecclesia capellæ prope Patistow in comitatu de Cornewaylle propter vermes destruendos bibendo aquæ fontis ibidem.
* * * * *
Castrum Restormalle prope villam prope Lastudielle, et Castrum Lastudielle in Cornubia, ambo fundantur per Ricardum regem Alemaniæ fratrem regis Henrici tertii per relationem Benedicti Bernard armigeri.
Il port de argent, ung lion de gulys rampand armee de azur.
The felde argent, le baton zable, le lyon gulys.
Le champ de azur, et ung egle displayed de argent, oveque ung test le beke de rouge.
* * * * *
_Pontes Cornubiæ a villa Excestre transeundo versus usque le Mount._
Brygge Excet’ vocat. Exbrygge.
Oklynton brygge per 20 miliaria de Excestre.
Lydford brygge per 6 miliaria de Okynton.
Hawtys brygge per 8 miliaria de Lydford.
Launceston brygge borialis super aquam Thamar, ubi Hawtys brygge.
Wade-brygge de xvi peres per 20 miliaria de Launceston in le northa syde Comewayle.
Memorandum inter Lyscard et Bodman est Reperend brygge per unum miliare de Bodman.
Tregheney brygge per 20 miliaria de Metsholle versus le Myghell Mont, et per 30 miliaria de Lanceston westward.
* * * * *
Lowbrygge ut maximus pons circa vi arcuum sita est inter Plymouth et Fowey, scilicet in villa de Low, qui est estward.
[43] Acle is in Norfolk, and this portion of the extracts from Worcestre’s very indigested collections, together with some other passages, ought to have been omitted, but they were not noticed in time. _Edit._
APPENDIX.