C.

Cæsar and the Helvetians, 9.

Calvin, character of, 30.

Calvinism in Geneva, 29.

Cantonal affairs, federal intervention in, 129. citizenship, 199. coinage, 123. conservatism, 160, 164. constitutions, 134, 146. courts, 136. customs, 160, 164. differences, 104. individuality, 144. institutions, 146. judges, 136. land laws, 215. officials, 141. revenues, 141. rights, 60, 146. sovereignty, 45, 130, 147. standards, 143.

Cantons and half-cantons, 141. area and population of, 469. Catholic, 18, 29. chief magistracy of, 133. coercion of, 90. eight old, 13. elections in, 131. entry of, into confederation, 471. forest, 12, 13. history of, 123. legislation in, 131. present status of, 125. Protestant, 29. relations of, to the communes, 188. representation in, 131. sovereignty of, 45, 130, 147. status of, 38.

Capital punishment, 48, 51, 139.

Cassation, courts of, 136. tribunal of, 112.

Cataracts, 370.

Catholic cantons, 18, 29.

Celtic ancestry, 9.

Census of 1888, 24, 466.

Cereals, 306.

Chalets, 329, 332.

Chamber, criminal, 112. of accusation, 112.

Chamois, 337.

Chancellery, federal, 49.

Character of the peasants, 351.

Chaux-de-Fonds, altitude of, 25.

Cheese, 315.

Citizenship, 47. acquirement of, 178, 200. American, 193. ancient Swiss, 191. cantonal, 199. communal, 177, 187, 193. defined, 192, 195. exit from, 203. history of, 191. instruction in its duties, 189. nature of, 202. renunciation of, 204. rights and duties of, 127, 134. state, defined, 196. Swiss, 198.

Climate, 21.

Codes, cantonal, 215.

Coercion of cantons, 90.

Coinage, old cantonal, 123.

Colonial extension, 457.

Commerce, 299.

Commercial courts, 136. restrictions, 46.

Common lands, 181.

Communal assembly, 186. citizenship, 177, 187, 193. membership, 177. by purchase, 178. officers, 186. paupers, 188. relations to the cantons, 188. rights, 177. schools, 266.

Commune defined, 174, 176. d’origine, 177. history of, 175. origin of, 189. powers of, 186.

Communes and communities, 135. area of, 180. des bourgeois, 180. des habitants, 180. double, 180. local, 150. national, 150. population of, 180. property of, 181, 183.

Composite state, 42.

Concert, European, 456.

Confederation and federation, 37. Helvetic, 40. powers of, 45. reform of, 43.

Congress of Vienna, 40.

Conservatism, cantonal, 160, 164. in government, 62.

Conservative party, 83.

Constitution, amendments of, 50, 51. compared with that of the United States, 54, 56, 59, 63. nature of, 61. of 1874, 43. Swiss, 34. text of, 44.

Constitutions, cantonal, 131, 134, 146.

Convention of 1848, 42.

Convention of Geneva, 433.

Copyright, international, 439.

Corruption, absence of, 81.

Costumes, 349.

Council, blood, 159. communal, 186. federal, 76, 85. See _Federal Council_. great, 158, 159. in Appenzell-interior, 159. in Unterwald-lower, 159. national, 65, 66, 68. of states, 65, 69. triple, 158.

Councils, greater, 132. lesser, 133.

Courts, cantonal, 136. commercial, 136. district, 136, 137. federal, 111. of cassation, 136. supreme, 137. See also _Federal Tribunal_.

Courtship, primitive, 347.

Covenant, original, 12, 473.

Cows, Swiss, 310, 336.

Cretinism, 429.

Criminal courts, 112.

Criminals, extradition of, 130.

Curriculum in schools, 267, 268.

Custom in cantonal business, 160, 164.