D.

Dairy products, 309.

Decapitation, 141.

Defensive preparations, 465.

Democracy, early, 12, 148, 151.

Department, political, 100.

Departments, executive, 97. governmental, 49.

Dependent classes, 188.

Dialects, Swiss, 24.

Diet, general, 39.

Differences among cantons, 104.

District courts, 136, 137.

Dogs, St. Bernard, 27. Swiss, 422.

Dried beef, 345.

Duties on imports and exports, 46.

E.

Écoles des recrues, 236.

Edelweiss, 371.

Education, 253. See _Schools_. military, 236, 238. religious, 260. scope of, 278.

Eidgenossen, 14.

Eight old cantons, 13.

Einsiedeln, 27.

Einwohnergemeinde, 180.

Elections, 67, 70, 81. in Ausser-Rhoden, 153.

Engineering feats, 320.

Estate in lands, 210, 211.

European concert, 459. situation, 450.

Executive department, 49, 85. departments, 97.

Expatriation, right of, 207.

Exports and imports, 304.

F.

Farms of peasants, 307, 325.

Federal army, 233. assembly, 42, 49, 65. powers of, 71. authorities, 49. chancellery, 49. council, 49, 76, 85. appeals from, to the assembly, 114. authority of, 91. business of, 97. departments of, 97. duties of, 88, 90, 96. election of, 71, 93, 101. eligibility to, 92, 94. history of, 94. judicial powers of, 90. meetings of, 97. membership of, 87. _personnel_ of, 102. powers of, 91. salaries of, 96. tenure of members of, 94, 95. triennial renewal of, 95. workings of, 101, 103. pact, 17. tribunal, 49, 104. appeals to, 109. compared with the Supreme Court of the United States, 115. defects of, in practice, 120. election to, 106, 114. history of, 104. limited powers of, 114, 115. membership of, 106, 109. origin of, 104. powers of, 106, 114, 115. seat of, 114.

Federalism, growth of, 145. tendency of, 62.

Federation and Confederation, 37.

Feudal Helvetia, 10.

Feudalism, end of, 211.

Firn, 365.

First inhabitants, 9.

Flora, native, 372.

Föhn, 23.

Folkmote, 149. of Ausser-Rhoden, 151.

Foreign affairs, 100. policy, 452.

Forest cantons, 12.

Forestry, 291.

Forests, 372.

Fountains, 417.

France and Germany, 458.

Frankish supremacy, 10.

Freedom of conscience, 47, 54, 56. of trade, 46.

Freiburg admitted, 13.

Fremden-industrie, 323.

French-speaking Swiss, 24. supremacy, 15.

Friendly remonstrances, intercantonal, 104.

Funeral customs, 349.

G.

Gauls, early, 9.

Gemeinde-trinket, 183.

General diet, 39.

Geneva admitted, 17. and its lake, 378. Calvin in, 29. code Napoleon in, 220. convention, 433.

Geography of Switzerland, 19.

German cantons, testamentary powers in, 220. empire, relations to, 14. -speaking Swiss, 24.

Germany and France, 458.

Glaciers, 359.

Glarus and Uri, boundary between, 143. constitution of, 157. joins the league, 13. landsgemeinde in, 157.

Goitre, 428.

Government, coördinate branches of, 122. principles of, 61.

Grass crops, 315.

Great council, 158. powers, the, 455, 459.

Grisons admitted, 16.

Guides, 374.

Guilds, history of, 178.

Gymnasia, 267.

H.

Half-cantons, 141.

Handelsgerichte, 136.

Hapsburg protection, 11.

Hay-making in the Alps, 326.

Health resorts, 375.

Helvetians, ancient, 9, 10.

Helvetic confederation, 40. republic, 15. union, origin of, 12.

Herdsman’s life, 337.

History of constitutions, 38.

Holy Alliance, Switzerland in the, 18.

Homeless persons, 49.

Hospice of St. Bernard, 26.

Houses, legislative, 65, 69, 73.