M.

Manufactures, 302.

Marignano, battle of, 14.

Marriage customs in Ticino, 346. laws, 53.

Material progress, 387.

Mediæval nobles, 10.

Mediation, act of, 39.

Mediatorsbip of Napoleon, 16.

Meinrad, St., 27, 28.

Mer de Glace, 364.

Metric standards, 470.

Militarism, dangers of, 460.

Military education, 236, 238. service, 226, 233, 236. status, Swiss, 464. tax, 243. topography, 451.

Militia, 237, 239, 249.

Mineral springs, 375.

Money, 469. old cantonal, 123.

Monks of St. Bernard, 26.

Moraines, 365.

Morat, battle of, 13.

Morgarten, battle of, 11.

Mountaineering, 373.

Mountains, 20, 354. their effect on character, 32.

Mythenstein, 398.

N.

Name of Switzerland, 19.

Napoleon’s influence in Switzerland, 16, 39.

Napoleon’s mediatorship, 16.

National communes, 150. Council, 65, 66, 68. languages, 49.

Nationalism and localism, 60. growth of, 145.

Nationalities of Switzerland, 24.

Natural beauties, 353. features of the country, 20.

Naturalization, 200. defined, 207. in the United States, 204, 208.

Neuchâtel admitted, 17. history of, 17.

Névé, 364.

Nobles, mediæval, 10.

Normal schools, 265.

O.

Oath of landammann, Appenzell, 154. nature of, 154.

Obergericht, 136.

Office, tenure of, 80.

Officers, military, 241.

Officials, cantonal, 141.

Old cantons, 12, 13. Catholic party, 31.

Original inhabitants, 9. pact, 12, 473, 477.

Orography of the country, 20, 21, 354.

Ownership of common lands, 181.

P.

Pact, federal, 17. original, 12, 473.

Parliaments, peasant, 151.

## Parties, political, 83.

Pastoral life, 335.

Pastures, Alpine, 313.

Patois, 345.

Patriotism, 32, 33.

Pauperism, 188.

Pay of soldiers, 241.

Peace of Aarau, 14.

Peasant home and life, 324, 344.

Peasant parliaments, 151. proprietorship, 222.

Pensions, 242.

People, character of, 31. patriotism of, 32, 33.

Personal rights, 57.

Pestalozzi, educational work of, 255.

Petite culture, 325.

Physical geography, 20.

Policy, foreign, 452.

Political department, 100.

## parties, 83.

Polytechnic school, 270.

Popular initiative, 171, 173. sovereignty, 168, 174. vote. See _Referendum_.

Population, 469.

Postal union, 435.

Powers, the great, 455, 459.

Prehistoric remains, 383.

Presidency, American, compared with the Swiss executive, 86.

President of confederation, 88, 97.

Presidents of legislative bodies, 66, 67, 69, 71, 73.

Principles of government, 61.

Procureur-général, 112.

Progressive spirit, 387.

Property, communal, 181, 183.

Propitiator, 137.

Proprietorship in lands, 211.

Protection of literary property, 437.

Protestant and Catholic parties, 18. cantons, 29. Reformation, 28.

Provisions, temporary constitutional, 50.

Prussian supremacy in Neuchâtel, 17.

Public life, training for, 95.

Punishment in schools, 262.

Punishments, 48. unusual, 170.

R.

Rack for prisoners, 139.

Radical party, 83.

Railways, 317.

Ranz des Vaches, 340.

Rath, 157.

Realschulen, 293, 295.

Red cross flag, 433.

Referendum, 74, 77. benefits of, 169. cantonal, 172. compulsory, 172. defined, 164. functions of, 165. history of, 171. nature of, 50, 56. optional, 172. principle of, 171. veto by, 167, 169.

Reform, federal, 19.

Reformation, 28.

Religion in schools, 260.

Religious controversies, 18. differences, 25. freedom, 47, 54, 56. statistics, 470.

Remonstrances, friendly, 104.

Representation, 68. in cantons, 131.

Republic, Helvetic, 15.

Rhetians, 9.

Rhone, the, 379.

Right of asylum, 466.

Rights, cantonal, 146. communal, 177.

Rigi, 382.

Rivers of Switzerland, 20.

Roads, 323.

Romansch language, 345.

Rütli, story of, 393.

S.

St. Bernard, monks of, 26.

St. Gallen admitted, 16. inheritance of property in, 218.

St. Gothard tunnel, 318.

Salvation army, 55.

Scenery, 353, 384.

Schaffhausen admitted, 14.

School-houses, 262.

Schools, 253. agricultural, 289. communal, 266. grades in, 267. industrial, 277. art, 286. manual training in, 282, 296. military, 238. normal, 265. punishment in, 262. religion in, 260. straw-platting, 287. technical, 277. trade, 285, 288.

Schützenfest, 249.

Schwyz, an original canton, 12.

Scrutin de liste, 68. des arrondissements, 68.

Sempach, battle of, 13.

Shepherd’s life, 337.

Silk industry, 302.

Situation, the European, 450.

Small nationalities, character of, 453.

Soldiers, pay of, 241.

Solothurn admitted, 13.

Sonderbund, 18.

Sorcery, execution for, 139.

Sovereignty, cantonal, 45, 147. popular, 168, 174.

Staatenbund defined, 36.

Standards, cantonal, 143.

Ständerath, 65, 69.

Stantz, treaty of, 13.

State, the composite, 42.

States, council of, 65, 69. -attorney, 112.

Statistics, 469.

Statutory enactments, 52.

Staubbach, 370.

Suabian war, 14.

Supreme Court of the United States compared with the Swiss federal tribunal, 115-122.

Swineherds, 339.

Swiss foreign influence, 452. mercenaries, 257. valor, 230, 251.

T.

Tagsatzung, 40.

Tagwen in Glarus, 158.

Tax, military, 243.

Technical schools, 277.

Telegraph union, international, 435.

Tell, William, 391. the national hero, 407.

Tell’s story, legends parallel to, 401.

Temporary constitutional provisions, 50.

Tenant, rights and responsibilities of, 213.

Testamentary powers, 209.

Thirty Years’ War, 14.

Thurgau admitted, 16.

Ticino admitted, 16. marriage customs in, 346.

Topography, military, 451.

Torture, judicial, 140.

Tourmentes, 385.

Tours de scrutin, 68.

Training of officials, 95.

Treaty of Lunéville, 16. of Stantz, 13.

Trial by jury, 138. See also _Jury_.

Tribunal, federal, 104. See _Federal Tribunal_.

Triple council, 158.

Trogen, folkmote at, 151.

Troops, cantonal, 234. federal, 233.

Tyranny of legislatures, 58.

U.

Union, postal, 435. telegraph, 435.

Unions, international, 430.

Universities, 269.

Unterwalden, division of, 141.

Uri, an original canton, 12. and Glarus boundary, 143. folkmote in, 155.