C.

CABBAGE butterflies, i. 393.

CACHALOT, large head of the male, ii. 242.

CADENCES, musical, perception of, by animals, ii. 333.

CÆCUM, i. 27; large, in the early progenitors of man, i. 206.

_Cairina moschata_, pugnacity of the male, ii. 43.

_Callianassa_, chelæ of, figured, i. 330.

_Callionymus lyra_, characters of the male, ii. 7.

_Callorhinus ursinus_, relative size of the sexes of, ii. 260; courtship of, ii. 269.

_Calotes nigrilabris_, sexual difference in the colour of, ii. 36.

CAMBRIDGE, O. Pickard, on the sexes of spiders, i. 315.

CAMEL, canine teeth of male, ii. 241, 257.

CAMPBELL, J., on the Indian elephant, i. 267, 268; on the proportion of male and female births in the harems of Siam, i. 303.

_Campylopterus hemileucurus_, i. 307.

CANARIES distinguishing persons, ii. 110.

CANARY, polygamy of the, i. 270; change of plumage in, after moulting, i. 294; female, selecting the best singing male, ii. 52; sterile hybrid, singing of a, ii. 53; female, singing of the, ii. 54; selecting a greenfinch, ii. 115; and siskin, pairing of, ii. 115.

CANESTRINI, G., on rudimentary characters and the origin of man, i. 4; on rudimentary characters, i. 17; on the movement of the ear in man, i. 20; on the variability of the vermiform appendage in man, i. 27; on the abnormal division of the malar bone in man, i. 124; on abnormal conditions of the human uterus, i. 124; on the persistence of the frontal suture in man, i. 125; on the proportion of the sexes in silk-moths, i. 309, 311.

CANINE teeth in man, i. 126; diminution of, in man, i. 144; diminution of, in horses, i. 144; disappearance of, in male ruminants, i. 144; large, in the early progenitors of man, i. 206.

CANINES, and horns, inverse development of, ii. 257.

CANOES, use of, i. 137, 234.

_Cantharis_, difference of colour in the sexes of a species of, i. 367.

CAPERCAILZIE, proportion of the sexes in the, i. 306; pugnacity of the male, ii. 45; pairing of the, ii. 49; autumn meetings of the, ii. 54; call of the, ii. 61; duration of the courtship of, ii. 100; behaviour of the female, ii. 121; inconvenience of black colour to the female, ii. 154; sexual difference in coloration of the, ii. 226; crimson eye-cere of the male, ii. 227; polygamous, i. 269.

CAPITAL, i. 169.

CAPITONIDÆ, colours and nidification of the, ii. 171.

_Capra ægagrus_, ii. 249; crest of the male, ii. 282; sexual difference in the colour of, ii. 289.

_Capreolus Sibiricus subecaudatus_, ii. 298.

CAPRICE, common to man and animals, i. 65.

_Caprimulgus_, noise made by the males of some species of, with their wings, ii. 62.

_Caprimulgus virginianus_, pairing of, ii. 49.

CARABIDÆ, bright colours of, i. 367.

CARBONNIER, on the natural history of the pike, i. 308; on the relative size of the sexes in fishes, ii. 7.

_Carcineutes_, sexual difference of colour in, ii. 173.

_Carcinus mænas_, i. 331, 333.

_Carduelis elegans_, sexual differences of the beak in, ii. 39.

CARNIVORA, marine, polygamous habits of, i. 268; sexual differences in the colours of, ii. 286.

CARP, numerical proportion of the sexes in the, i. 308.

CARR, R., on the peewit, ii. 48.

CARRIER pigeon, late development of the wattle in the, i. 293.

CARRION beetles, stridulation of, i. 378.

CARUS, Prof. V., on the development of the horns in merino sheep, i. 289.

CASSOWARY, sexes and incubation of the, ii. 204.

CASTOREUM, ii. 279.

_Casuarius galeatus_, ii. 204.

CAT, convoluted body in the extremity of the tail of a, i. 30; sick, sympathy of a dog with a, i. 77.

CATARACT in _Cebus Azaræ_, i. 12.

CATARRH, liability of _Cebus Azaræ_ to, i. 11.

CATARRHINE monkeys, i. 196.

CATERPILLARS, bright colours of, i. 415.

_Cathartes aura_, ii. 116.

_Cathartes jota_, love-gestures of the male, ii. 68.

CATLIN, G., on the development of the beard among North American Indians, ii. 322; on the great length of the hair in some North American tribes, ii. 348.

CATON, J. D., on the development of the horns in _Cervus virginianus_ and _strongyloceros_, i. 288; on the presence of traces of horns in the female wapiti, ii. 245; on the fighting of deer, ii. 252; on the crest of the male wapiti, ii. 282; on the colours of the Virginian deer, ii. 288; on sexual differences of colour in the wapiti, ii. 289; on the spots of the Virginian deer, ii. 303.

CATS, dreaming, i. 46; tortoise-shell, i. 283, 285, 293; enticed by valerian, ii. 281; colours of, ii. 299.

CATTLE, domestic, sexual differences of, late developed, i. 293; rapid increase of, in South America, i. 135; domestic, lighter in winter in Siberia, i. 282; horns of, i. 289, ii. 247; numerical proportion of the sexes in, i. 305.

CAUDAL vertebræ, number of, in macaques and baboons, i. 150; basal, of monkeys, imbedded in the body, i. 151.

_Cebus_, maternal affection in a, i. 40; gradation of species of, i. 227.

_Cebus Azaræ_, liability of, to the same diseases as man, i. 11; distinct sounds produced by, i. 53; early maturity of the female, ii. 318.

_Cebus capucinus_, polygamous, i. 266; sexual differences of colour in, ii. 290; hair on the head of, ii. 307.

_Cebus vellerosus_, hair on the head of, ii. 307.

CECIDOMYIDÆ, proportions of the sexes in, i. 314.

CELIBACY, unknown among the savages of South Africa and South America, ii. 367.

CENTIPEDES, i. 339.

CEPHALOPODA, absence of secondary sexual characters in, i. 325.

_Cephalopterus ornatus_, ii. 58, 59.

_Cephalopterus penduliger_, ii. 59.

_Cerambyx heros_, stridulant organ of, i. 380.

_Ceratophora aspera_, nasal appendages of, ii. 34.

_Ceratophora Stoddartii_, nasal horn of, ii. 34.

_Cerceris_, habits of, i. 364.

_Cercocebus æthiops_, whiskers, &c., of, ii. 308.

_Cercopithecus_, young, seized by an eagle and rescued by the troop, i. 76; definition of species of, i. 227.

_Cercopithecus cephus_, sexual difference of colour in, ii. 291, 311.

_Cercopithecus cynosurus_ and _griseo-viridis_, colour of the scrotum in, ii. 291.

_Cercopithecus Diana_, sexual differences of colour in, ii. 291, 311, 312.

_Cercopithecus griseo-viridis_, i. 75.

_Cercopithecus petaurista_, whiskers, &c., of, ii. 308.

CERES, of birds, bright colours of, ii. 227.

_Ceriornis Temminckii_, swelling of the wattles of the male during courtship, ii. 72.

_Cervulus_, weapons of, ii. 257.

_Cervulus moschatus_, rudimentary horns of the female, ii. 245.

_Cervus alces_, i. 288.

_Cervus campestris_, odour of, ii. 279.

_Cervus canadensis_, traces of horns in the female, ii. 245; attacking a man, ii. 253; sexual difference in the colour of, ii. 289.

_Cervus elaphus_, battles of male, ii. 240; horns of, with numerous points, ii. 252.

_Cervus Eldi_, i. 288.

_Cervus mantchuricus_, ii. 303.

_Cervus paludosus_, colours of, ii. 290.

_Cervus strongyloceros_, i. 288.

_Cervus virginianus_, i. 288; horns of, in course of modification, ii. 255.

_Ceryle_, male black-belted in some species of, ii. 173.

CETACEA, nakedness of, i. 148.

CEYLON, frequent absence of beard in the natives of, ii. 321.

CHAFFINCH, proportion of the sexes in the, i. 306, 307; courtship of the, ii. 94.

CHAFFINCHES, ii. 53; new mates found by, ii. 105.

_Chalcophaps indicus_, characters of young, ii. 185.

_Chalcosoma atlas_, sexual differences of, i. 368.

_Chamæleon_, sexual differences in the genus, ii. 34.

_Chamæleon bifurcus_, ii. 34, 35.

_Chamæleon Owenii_, ii. 34, 36.

CHAMELEONS, ii. 32.

CHAMOIS, danger-signals of, i. 74; transfer of male characters to an old female, ii. 245.

_Chamæpetes unicolor_, modified wing-feather in the male, ii. 64.

CHAPUIS, Dr., on the transmission of sexual peculiarities in pigeons, i. 283; on streaked Belgian pigeons, i. 294, ii. 157.

CHAR, male, colouring of, during the breeding season, ii. 14.

CHARACTERS, male, developed in females, i. 280; natural, artificial exaggeration of, by man, ii. 351; secondary sexual, transmitted through both sexes, i. 279.

_Charadrius hiaticula_ and _pluvialis_, sexes and young of, ii. 216.

CHARDIN on the Persians, ii. 356.

CHARMS, worn by women, ii. 344.

CHARRUAS, freedom of divorce among the, ii. 372.

_Chasmorhynchus_, difference of colour in the sexes of, ii. 79; colours of, ii. 228.

CHASTITY, early estimation of, i. 96.

CHATTERERS, sexual differences in, i. 269.

CHEIROPTERA, absence of secondary sexual characters in, i. 268.

CHELÆ of crustacea, i. 330, 336.

CHELONIA, sexual differences in, ii. 28.

_Chenalopex ægyptiacus_, wing-knobs of, ii. 46.

_Chera progne_, ii. 84, 120.

CHEST, proportions of, in soldiers and sailors, i. 117; large, of the Quechua and Aymara Indians, i. 119.

CHEVROTAINS, canine teeth of, ii. 257.

_Chiasognathus_, stridulation of, i. 384.

_Chiasognathus Grantii_, mandibles of, i. 377.

CHILDREN, legitimate and illegitimate, proportion of the sexes in, i. 302.

CHILOE, lice of the natives of, i. 220; population of, i. 225.

_Chimæra monstrosa_, bony process on the head of the male, ii. 12.

CHIMÆROID fishes, prehensile organs of male, ii. 1.

CHIMPANZEE, ii. 323; ears of the, i. 21; representatives of the eyebrows in the, i. 25; platforms built by the, i. 36; cracking nuts with a stone, i. 51; hands of the, i. 139; absence of mastoid processes in the, i. 143; direction of the hair on the arms of the, i. 192; supposed evolution of the, i. 230; polygamous and social habits of the, ii. 362.

CHINA, North, idea of female beauty in, ii. 344.

CHINA, Southern, inhabitants of, i. 246.

CHINESE, use of flint tools by the, i. 183; difficulty of distinguishing the races of the, i. 215; colour of the beard in, ii. 319; general beardlessness of the, ii. 321; opinions of the, on the appearance of Europeans and Cingalese, ii. 345, 347; compression of the feet of, ii. 352.

CHINSURDI, his opinion of beards, ii. 341, 349.

_Chlamydera maculata_, ii. 70.

_Chloëon_, pedunculated eyes of the male of, i. 341.

_Chloephaga_, coloration of the sexes in, ii. 178.

_Chlorocœlus Tanana_ (figured), i. 355.

CHORDA DORSALIS, i. 207.

CHOUGH, red beak of the, ii. 227.

CHROMIDÆ, frontal protuberance in male, ii. 13; sexual differences in colour of, ii. 20.

_Chrysemys picta_, long claws of the male, ii. 28.

_Chrysococcyx_, characters of young of, ii. 185.

_Chrysomela cerealis_, bright colours of, i. 367.

CHRYSOMELIDÆ, stridulation of, i. 379.

_Cicada pruinosa_, i. 351.

_Cicada septendecim_, i. 351.

CICADÆ, songs of the, i. 350; rudimentary sound-organs in females of, i. 359.

CICATRIX of a burn, causing modification of the facial bones, i. 147.

_Cichla_, frontal protuberance of male, ii. 13.

CIMETIÈRE du Sud, Paris, i. 28.

_Cincloramphus cruralis_, large size of male, ii. 43.

_Cinclus aquaticus_, ii. 170.

CINGALESE, Chinese opinion of the appearance of the, ii. 345.

CIRRIPEDES, complemental males of, i. 255.

CIVILISATION, effects of, upon natural selection, i. 170; influence of, in the competition of nations, i. 239.

CLANGING of Geese, &c., ii. 51.

CLAPARÈDE, E., on natural selection applied to man, i. 137.

CLARKE, on the marriage-customs of the Kalmucks, ii. 373.

CLASSIFICATION, i. 188.

CLAUS, C., on the sexes of _Saphirina_, i. 336.

CLEFT-PALATE, inherited, i. 121.

_Climacteris erythrops_, sexes of, ii. 206.

CLIMATE, i. 115; cool, favourable to human progress, i. 167; power of supporting extremes of, by man, i. 237; want of connexion of, with colour, i. 241.

CLOACA, existence of a, in the early progenitors of man, i. 207.

CLOACAL passage existing in the human embryo, i. 16.

CLUB, origin of the, i. 234.

CLUCKING of fowls, ii. 51.

_Clythra 4-punctata_, stridulation of, i. 379.

COBRA, ingenuity of a, ii. 31.

_Coccus_, i. 186.

COCCYX, i. 29, 30; in the human embryo, i. 16; convoluted body at the extremity of the, i. 30; imbedded in the body, i. 151.

COCHIN-CHINA, notions of beauty of the inhabitants of, ii. 345, 347.

COCK, game, killing a kite, ii. 44; blind, fed by its companions, i. 77; comb and wattles of the, ii. 98; preference shown by the, for young hens, ii. 121; game, transparent zone in the hackles of a, ii. 136.

COCK of the rock, ii. 100.

COCKATOOS, ii. 226, 228, 230; nestling, ii. 109; black, immature plumage of, ii. 188.

CŒLENTERATA, absence of secondary sexual characters in, i. 321.

COFFEE, fondness of monkeys for, i. 12.

COLD, supposed effects of, i. 116; power of supporting, by man, i. 237.

COLEOPTERA, i. 366; stridulant organs of, discussed, i. 381.

COLLINGWOOD, C., on the pugnacity of the butterflies of Borneo, i. 386; on butterflies being attracted by a dead specimen of the same species, i. 400.

COLOMBIA, flattened heads of savages of, ii. 340.

COLONISTS, success of the English as, i. 179.

COLORATION, protective, in birds, ii. 223.

COLOUR, supposed to be dependent on light and heat, i. 115; correlation of, with immunity from certain poisons and parasites, i. 242; purpose of, in lepidoptera, i. 399; relation of, to sexual functions, in fishes, ii. 14; difference of, in the sexes of snakes, ii. 29; sexual differences of, in lizards, ii. 36; influence of, in the pairing of birds of different species, ii. 115; relation of, to nidification, ii. 167, 172; sexual differences of, in mammals, ii. 286, 294; recognition of, by quadrupeds, ii. 295; of children, in different races of man, ii. 318; of the skin in man, ii. 381.

COLOURS, admired alike by man and animals, i. 64; bright, due to sexual selection, i. 322; bright, among the lower animals, i. 322, 323; bright, protective to butterflies and moths, i. 395; bright, in male fishes, ii. 7, 13; transmission of, in birds, ii. 159.

COLQUHOUN, example of reasoning in a retriever, i. 48.

_Columba passerina_, young of, ii. 188.

_Colymbus glacialis_, anomalous young of, ii. 211.

COMB, development of, in fowls, i. 295.

COMBS and wattles in male birds, ii. 98.

COMMUNITY, preservation of variations useful to the, by natural selection, i. 155.

COMPOSITÆ, gradation of species among the, i. 227.

COMTE, C., on the expression of the ideal of beauty by sculpture, ii. 380.

CONDITIONS of life, action of changed, upon man, i. 113; influence of, on plumage of birds, ii. 196.

CONDOR, eyes and comb of the, ii. 129.

CONJUGATIONS, origin of, i. 61.

CONSCIENCE, i. 91, 104; absence of, in some criminals, i. 92.

CONSTITUTION, difference of, in different races of men, i. 216.

CONSUMPTION, liability of _Cebus Azaræ_ to, i. 12; connexion between complexion and, i. 244.

CONVERGENCE, i. 230.

COOING of pigeons and doves, ii. 60.

COOK, Capt., on the nobles of the Sandwich Islands, ii. 356.

COPE, E. D., on the dinosauria, i. 204; on the origin of genera, ii. 215.

_Cophotis ceylanica_, sexual differences of, ii. 32, 36.

_Copris_, i. 370.

_Copris Isidis_, sexual differences of, i. 369.

_Copris lunaris_, stridulation of, i. 380.

CORALS, bright colours of, i. 322.

CORAL-SNAKES, ii. 31.

_Cordylus_, sexual difference of colour in a species of, ii. 36.

CORFU, habits of the chaffinch in, i. 307.

CORNELIUS, on the proportions of the sexes in _Lucanus Cervus_, i. 313.

CORPORA WOLFFIANA, i. 207; agreement of, with the kidneys of fishes, i. 16.

CORRELATED variation, i. 130.

CORRELATION, influence of, in the production of races, i. 247.

CORSE, on the mode of fighting of the elephant, ii. 257.

_Corvus corone_, ii. 104.

_Corvus graculus_, red beak of, ii. 227.

_Corvus pica_, nuptial assembly of, ii. 102.

_Corydalis cornutus_, large jaws of the male, i. 342.

_Cosmetornis_, ii. 181.

_Cosmetornis vexillarius_, elongation of wing-feathers in, ii. 73, 97.

COTINGIDÆ, sexual differences in, i. 269; coloration of the sexes of, ii. 177; resemblance of the females of distinct species of, ii. 192.

_Cottus scorpius_, sexual differences in, ii. 9.

COUNTING, origin of, i. 181; limited power of, in primeval man, i. 234.

COURAGE, variability of, in the same species, i. 40; universal high appreciation of, i. 95; importance of, i. 162; a characteristic of men, ii. 328.

COURTSHIP, greater eagerness of males in, i. 272; of fishes, ii. 2; of birds, ii. 50, 100.

COW, winter change of the, ii. 299.

CRAB, devil, i. 332.

CRAB, shore, habits of, i. 331.

_Crabro cribrarius_, dilated tibiæ of the male, i. 343.

CRABS, proportions of the sexes in, i. 315.

CRANZ, on the inheritance of dexterity in seal-catching, i. 117.

CRAWFURD, on the number of species of man, i. 226.

_Crenilabrus massa_ and _C. melops_, nests built by, ii. 19.

CREST, origin of, in Polish fowls, i. 284.

CRESTS, of birds, difference of, in the sexes, ii. 189; dorsal hairy, of mammals, ii. 282.

CRICKET, field-, stridulation of the, i. 353; pugnacity of male, i. 360.

CRICKET, house-, stridulation of the, i. 352, 354.

CRICKETS, sexual differences in, i. 361.

CRIOCERIDÆ, stridulation of the, i. 379.

CRINOIDS, complexity of, i. 61.

CROAKING of frogs, ii. 27.

CROCODILES, musky odour of, during the breeding season, ii. 29.

CROCODILIA, ii. 28.

CROSSBILLS, characters of young, ii. 184.

CROSSES in man, i. 225.

CROSSING of races, effects of the, i. 241.

_Crossoptilon auritum_, ii. 93, 166, 196; adornment of both sexes of, i. 290; sexes alike in, ii. 178.

CROTCH, G. R., on the stridulation of beetles, i. 379, 382; on the stridulation of _Heliopathes_, i. 383; on the stridulation of _Acalles_, i. 384.

CROW Indians, long hair of the, ii. 348.

CROW, young of the, ii. 209.

CROWS, ii. 226; vocal organs of the, ii. 55; living in triplets, ii. 106.

CROWS, carrion, new mates found by, ii. 104.

CROWS, Indian, feeding their blind companions, i. 77.

CRUELTY of savages to animals, i. 94.

CRUSTACEA, amphipod, males sexually mature while young, ii. 215; parasitic, loss of limbs by female, i. 255; prehensile feet and antennæ of, i. 256; male, more active than female, i. 272; parthenogenesis in, i. 315; secondary sexual characters of, i. 328; auditory hairs of, ii. 333.

CRYSTAL worn in the lower lip by some Central African women, ii. 341.

CUCKOO fowls, i. 294.

CULICIDÆ, i. 254, 349.

CULLEN, Dr., on the throat-pouch of the male bustard, ii. 58.

CULTIVATION of plants, probable origin of, i. 167.

CUPPLES, Mr., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in dogs, sheep, and cattle, i. 304, 305; on the Scotch deerhound, ii. 261; on sexual preference in dogs, ii. 271, 272.

CURCULIONIDÆ, sexual difference in length of snout in some, i. 255; hornlike processes in male, i. 374; musical, i. 378, 379.

CURIOSITY, manifestations of, by animals, i. 42.

CURLEWS, double moult in, ii. 80.

CURSORES, comparative absence of sexual differences among the, i. 269.

CURTIS, J., on the proportion of the sexes in _Athalia_, i. 314.

CUVIER, F., on the recognition of women by male quadrumana, i. 13.

CUVIER, G., views of, as to the position of man, i. 190; on instinct and intelligence, i. 37; on the number of caudal vertebræ in the mandrill, i. 150; on the position of the seals, i. 190; on _Hectocotyle_, i. 325.

_Cyanecula suecica_, sexual differences of, ii. 195.

_Cyanalcyon_, sexual difference in colours of, ii. 173; immature plumage of, ii. 188.

_Cychrus_, sounds produced by, i. 382.

_Cycnia mendica_, sexual difference of colour in, i. 398.

_Cygnus ferus_, trachea of, ii. 59.

_Cygnus olor_, white young of, ii. 211.

_Cyllo Leda_, instability of the ocellated spots of, ii. 133.

_Cynanthus_, variation in the genus, ii. 125.

CYNIPIDÆ, proportions of the sexes in, i. 314.

_Cynocephalus_, difference of the young, from the adult, i. 13; male, recognition of women by, i. 13; polygamous habits of species of, i. 266.

_Cynocephalus chacma_, i. 41.

_Cynocephalus gelada_, i. 51.

_Cynocephalus hamadryas_, i. 51; sexual difference of colour in, ii. 291.

_Cynocephalus leucophus_, colours of the sexes of, ii. 292.

_Cynocephalus mormon_, colours of the male, ii. 292, 296, 310.

_Cynocephalus porcarius_, mane of the male, ii. 267.

_Cypridina_, proportions of the sexes in, i. 315.

CYPRINIDÆ, proportion of the sexes in the, i. 308.

CYPRINIDÆ, Indian, ii. 17.

CYPRINODONTIDÆ, sexual differences in the, ii. 7, 9.

_Cyprinus auratus_, ii. 16.

_Cyprinus phoxinus_, spawning of, ii. 15.

_Cypris_, relations of the sexes in, i. 315.

_Cystophora cristata_, hood of, ii. 278.