V.

VACCINATION, influence of, i. 168.

VANCOUVER Island, Mr. Sproat on the savages of, i. 239; natives of, eradication of facial hair by the, ii. 348.

_Vanellus cristatus_, wing tubercles of the male, ii. 48.

_Vanessæ_, i. 387; resemblance of lower surface of, to bark of trees, i. 392.

VARIABILITY, causes of, i. 111; in man, analogous to that in the lower animals, i. 112; of the races of man, i. 225; greater in men than in women, i. 275; period of, relation of the, to sexual selection, i. 296; of birds, ii. 124; of secondary sexual characters in man, ii. 320.

VARIATION, correlated, i. 30; laws of, i. 113; in man, i. 185; analogous, i. 194; analogous, in plumage of birds, ii. 74.

VARIATIONS, spontaneous, i. 131.

VARIETIES, absence of, between two species, evidence of their distinctness, i. 215.

VARIETY, an object in nature, ii. 230.

VARIOLA, communicable between man and the lower animals, i. 11.

VAURÉAL, i. 29.

VEDDAHS, monogamous habits of, ii. 363.

VEITCH, Mr., on the aversion of Japanese ladies to whiskers, ii. 349.

VENGEANCE, instinct of, i. 89.

VENUS Erycina, priestesses of, ii. 357.

VERMES, i. 327.

VERMIFORM appendage, i. 27.

VERREAUX, M., on the attraction of numerous males by the female of an Australian _Bombyx_, i. 312.

Vertebræ, caudal, number of, in macaques and baboons, i. 150; of monkeys, partly imbedded in the body, i. 151.

VERTEBRATA, ii. 1; common origin of the, i. 203; most ancient progenitors of, i. 212; origin of the voice in air-breathing, ii. 331.

_Vesicula prostatica_, the homologue of the uterus, i. 31, 208.

VIBRISSÆ, represented by long hairs in the eyebrows, i. 25.

_Vidua_, ii. 181.

_Vidua axillaris_, i. 269.

VILLERME, M., on the influence of plenty upon stature, i. 115.

VINSON, Aug., on the male of _Epeira nigra_, i. 338.

VIPER, difference of the sexes in the, ii. 29.

VIREY, on the number of species of man, i. 226.

VIRTUES, originally social only, i. 93; gradual appreciation of, i. 165.

VISCERA, variability of, in man, i. 109.

VITI Archipelago, population of the, i. 225.

VLACOVICH, Prof., on the ischio-pubic muscle, i. 127.

VOCAL music of birds, ii. 51.

VOCAL organs of man, i. 58; of birds, i. 59; ii. 163; of frogs, ii. 28; of the Insessores, ii. 55; difference of, in the sexes of birds, ii. 56; primarily used in relation to the propagation of the species, ii. 330.

VOGT, Carl, on the origin of species, i. 1; on the origin of man, i. 4; on the semilunar fold in man, i. 23; on the imitative faculties of microcephalous idiots, i. 57; on microcephalous idiots, i. 121; on skulls from Brazilian caves, i. 218; on the evolution of the races of man, i. 230; on the formation of the skull in women, ii. 317; on the Ainos and negroes, ii. 321; on the increased cranial difference of the sexes in man with race-development, ii. 329; on the obliquity of the eye in the Chinese and Japanese, ii. 344.

VOICE in mammals, ii. 274; in monkeys and man, ii. 319; in man, ii. 330; origin of, in air-breathing vertebrates, ii. 331.

VON BAER, definition of advancement in the organic scale, i. 211.

VULPIAN, Prof., on the resemblance between the brains of man and of the higher apes, i. 11.

VULTURES, selection of a mate by the female, ii. 116; colours of, ii. 229.

W.

WADERS, young of, ii. 217.

WAGNER, R., on the occurrence of the diastema in a Kafir skull, i. 126; on the bronchi of the black stork, ii. 60.

WAGTAIL, Ray’s, arrival of the male before the female, i. 260.

WAGTAILS, Indian, young of, ii. 190.

WAIST, proportions of, in soldiers and sailors, i. 117.

WAITZ, Prof., on the number of species of man, i. 226; on the colour of Australian infants, ii. 318; on the beardlessness of negroes, ii. 321; on the fondness of mankind for ornaments, ii. 338; on the liability of negroes to tropical fevers after residence in a cold climate, i. 243; on negro ideas of female beauty, ii. 346; on Javanese and Cochin Chinese ideas of beauty, ii. 347.

WALCKENAER and Gervais, on the Myriapoda, i. 340.

WALDEYER, M., on the hermaphroditism of the vertebrate embryo, i. 207.

WALES, North, numerical proportion of male and female births in, i. 301.

WALKER, Alex., on the large size of the hands of labourers’ children, i. 117.

WALKER, F., on sexual differences in the diptera, i. 348.

WALLACE, Dr. A., on the prehensile use of the tarsi in male moths, i. 256; on the rearing of the Ailanthus silk-moth, i. 311; on breeding Lepidoptera, i. 311; proportion of sexes of _Bombyx cynthia_, _B. yamamai_, and _B. Pernyi_, reared by, i. 313; on the development of _Bombyx cynthia_ and _B. yamamai_, i. 346; on the pairing of _Bombyx cynthia_, i. 401; on the fertilisation of moths, i. 406.

WALLACE, A. R., on the origin of man, i. 4; on the power of imitation in man, i. 39; on the use of missiles by the orang, i. 52; on the varying appreciation of truth among different tribes, i. 100; on the limits of natural selection in man, i. 137, 158; on the occurrence of remorse among savages, i. 165; on the effects of natural selection on civilised nations, i. 168; on the use of the convergence of the hair at the elbow in the orang, i. 193; on the contrast in the characters of the Malays and Papuans, i. 216; on the line of separation between the Papuans and Malays, i. 218; on the sexes of _Ornithoptera Croesus_, i. 310; on protective resemblances, i. 322; on the relative sizes of the sexes of insects, i. 346; on _Elaphomyia_, i. 349; on the Birds of Paradise, i. 269; on the pugnacity of the males of _Leptorhynchus angustatus_, i. 375; on sounds produced by _Euchirus longimanus_, i. 381; on the colours of _Diadema_, i. 388; on _Kallima_, i. 392; on the protective colouring of moths, i. 394; on bright coloration as protective in butterflies, i. 395; on variability in the Papilionidæ, i. 402; on male and female butterflies inhabiting different stations, i. 403; on the protective nature of the dull colouring of female butterflies, i. 403, 405, 414; on mimickry in butterflies, i. 412; on the mimickry of leaves by Phasmidæ, i. 414; on the bright colours of caterpillars, i. 416; on brightly-coloured fishes frequenting reefs, ii. 17; on the coral snakes, ii. 31; on _Paradisea apoda_, ii. 74, 78; on the display of plumage by male Birds of Paradise, ii. 88; on assemblies of Birds of Paradise, ii. 101; on the instability of the ocellated spots in _Hipparchia Janira_, ii. 132; on sexually limited inheritance, ii. 155; on the sexual coloration of birds, ii. 166, 196, 197, 200, 206; on the relation between the colours and nidification of birds, ii. 166, 171; on the coloration of the Cotingidæ, ii. 177; on the females of _Paradisea apoda_ and _papuana_, ii. 193; on the incubation of the cassowary, ii. 204; on protective coloration in birds, ii. 223; on the hair of the Papuans, ii. 340; on the Babirusa, ii. 264; on the markings of the tiger, ii. 302; on the beards of the Papuans, ii. 322; on the distribution of hair on the human body, ii. 375.

WALRUS, development of the nictitating membrane in the, i. 23; tusks of the, ii. 241, 248; use of the tusks by the, ii. 257.

WALSH, B. D., on the proportion of the sexes in _Papilio Turnus_, i. 310; on the Cynipidæ and Cecidomyidæ, i. 314; on the jaws of _Ammophila_, i. 342; on _Corydalis cornutus_, i. 342; on the prehensile organs of male insects, i. 342; on the antennæ of _Penthe_, i. 343; on the caudal appendages of dragon-flies, i. 344; on _Platyphyllum concavum_, i. 356; on the sexes of the Ephemeridæ, i. 361; on the difference of colour in the sexes of _Spectrum femoratum_, i. 361; on sexes of dragon-flies, i. 361; on the difference of the sexes in the Ichneumonidæ, i. 365; on the sexes of _Orsodacna atra_, i. 368; on the variation of the horns of the male _Phanæus carnifex_, i. 370; on the coloration of the species of _Anthocharis_, i. 393.

WAPITI, battles of, ii. 240; traces of horns in the female, ii. 245; attacking a man, ii. 253; crest of the male, ii. 282; sexual difference in the colour of the, ii. 289.

WARBLER, Hedge-, ii. 198; young of the, ii. 209.

WARBLERS, Superb, nidification of, ii. 169.

WARINESS, acquired by animals, i. 50.

WARINGTON, R., on the habits of the sticklebacks, ii. 2, 20; on the brilliant colours of the male stickleback during the breeding season, ii. 14.

WART-HOG, tusks and pads of the, ii. 265.

WATCHMAKERS, short-sighted, i. 118.

WATER-HEN, ii. 40.

WATERHOUSE, C. O., on blind beetles, i. 367; on difference of colour in the sexes of beetles, i. 367.

WATERHOUSE, G. R., on the voice of _Hylobates agilis_, ii. 332.

WATER-OUZEL, autumn song of the, ii. 54.

WATERTON, C., on the pairing of a Canada goose with a Bernicle gander, ii. 114; on hares fighting, ii. 239; on the Bell-bird, ii. 79.

WATTLES, disadvantageous to male birds in fighting, ii. 98.

WEALTH, influence of, i. 169.

WEALE, J. Mansel, on a South African caterpillar, i. 416.

WEAPONS, employed by monkeys, i. 51; use of, i. 137; offensive, of males, i. 257; of mammals, ii. 241 _et seq._

WEAVER-BIRD, ii. 54.

WEAVER-BIRDS, rattling of the wings of, ii. 62; assemblies of, ii. 101.

WEBB, Dr., on the wisdom teeth, i. 25.

WEDGWOOD, Hensleigh, on the origin of language, i. 56.

WEEVILS, sexual difference in length of snout in some, i. 255.

WEIR, Harrison, on the numerical proportion of the sexes in pigs and rabbits, i. 305; on the sexes of young pigeons, i. 306; on the songs of birds, ii. 52; on pigeons, ii. 109; on the dislike of blue pigeons to other coloured varieties, ii. 118; on the desertion of their mates by female pigeons, ii. 119.

WEIR, J. Jenner, on the nightingale and blackcap, i. 259; on the relative sexual maturity of male birds, i. 261; on female pigeons deserting a feeble mate, i. 262; on three starlings frequenting the same nest, i. 269; on the proportion of the sexes in _Machetes pugnax_ and other birds, i. 306, 307; on the coloration of the _Triphænæ_, i. 395; on the rejection of certain caterpillars by birds, i. 417; on sexual differences of the beak in the goldfinch, ii. 40; on a piping bullfinch, ii. 52; on the object of the nightingale’s song, ii. 52; on song-birds, ii. 53; on the pugnacity of male fine-plumaged birds, ii. 93; on the courtship of birds, ii. 94; on the finding of new mates by Peregrine-falcons and Kestrels, ii. 104; on the bullfinch and starling, ii. 105; on the cause of birds remaining unpaired, ii. 107; on starlings and parrots living in triplets, ii. 107; on recognition of colour by birds, ii. 110; on hybrid birds, ii. 113; on the selection of a greenfinch by a female canary, ii. 115; on a case of rivalry of female bullfinches, ii. 121; on the maturity of the Golden pheasant, ii. 213.

WEISBACH, Dr., measurement of men of different races, i. 216; on the greater variability of men than of women, i. 275; on the relative proportions of the body in the sexes of different races of man, ii. 320.

WELCKER, M., on Brachycephaly and Dolichocephaly, i. 148; on sexual differences in the skull in man, ii. 317.

WELLS, Dr., on the immunity of coloured races from certain poisons, i. 243.

WESTRING, on the stridulation of _Reduvius personatus_, i. 350; on the stridulating organs of the Coleoptera, i. 382; on sounds produced by _Cychrus_, i. 382; on the stridulation of males of _Theridion_, i. 339; on the stridulation of beetles, i. 379; on the stridulation of _Omaloplia brunnea_, i. 381.

WESTPHALIA, greater proportion of female illegitimate children in, i. 301.

WESTROPP, H. M., on the prevalence of certain forms of ornamentation, i. 233.

WESTWOOD, J. O., on the classification of the Hymenoptera, i. 188; on the Culicidæ and Tabanidæ, i. 254; on a Hymenopterous parasite with a sedentary male, i. 272; on the proportions of the sexes in _Lucanus cervus_ and _Siagonium_, i. 313; on the absence of ocelli in female mutillidæ, i. 341; on the jaws of _Ammophila_, i. 342; on the copulation of insects of distinct species, i. 342; on the male of _Crabro cribrarius_, i. 343; on the pugnacity of male _Tipulæ_ i. 349; on the stridulation of _Pirates stridulus_, i. 350; on the Cicadæ, i. 351; on the stridulating organs of the crickets, i. 354; on _Pneumora_, i. 357; on _Ephippiger vitium_, i. 355, 358; on the pugnacity of the Mantides, i. 360; on _Platyblemnus_, i. 361; on difference in the sexes of the Agrionidæ, i. 362; on the pugnacity of the males of a species of Tenthredinæ, i. 364; on the pugnacity of the male stag-beetle, i. 375; on _Bledius taurus_ and _Siagonium_, i. 375; on lamellicorn beetles, i. 378; on the coloration of _Lithosia_, i. 396.

WHALE, Sperm-, battles of male, ii. 240.

WHALES, nakedness of, i. 148.

WHATELY, Archb., language not peculiar to man, i. 53; on the primitive civilisation of man, i. 181.

WHEWELL, Prof., on maternal affection, i. 40.

WHISKERS, in monkeys, i. 192.

WHITE, Gilbert, on the proportion of the sexes in the partridge, i. 306; on the house-cricket, i. 352; on the object of the song of birds, ii. 52; on the finding of new mates by white owls, ii. 105; on spring coveys of male partridges, ii. 107.

WHITENESS, a sexual ornament in some birds, ii. 232; of mammals inhabiting snowy countries, ii. 298.

WHITE-THROAT, aerial love-dance of the male, ii. 68.

WIDOW-BIRD, polygamous, i. 269; breeding plumage of the male, ii. 84, 97; female, rejecting the unadorned male, ii. 120.

WIDOWS and widowers, mortality of, i. 176.

WIGEON, pairing with a pintail duck, ii. 114.

WILCKENS, Dr., on the modification of domestic animals in mountainous regions, i. 120; on a numerical relation between the hairs and excretory pores in sheep, i. 248.

WILDER, Dr. Burt, on the greater frequency of supernumerary digits in men than in women, i. 276.

WILLIAMS, on the marriage-customs of the Fijians, ii. 374.

WILSON, Dr., on the conical heads of the natives of North-Western America, ii. 351; on the Fijians, ii. 352; on the persistence of the fashion of compressing the skull, ii. 353.

WING-SPURS, ii. 162.

WINGS, differences of, in the two sexes of butterflies and Hymenoptera, i. 345; play of, in the courtship of birds, ii. 95.

WINTER, change of colour of mammals in, ii. 298.

WITCHCRAFT, i. 68.

WIVES, traces of the forcible capture of, i. 182.

WOLF, winter change of the, ii. 298.

WOLFF, on the variability of the viscera in man, i. 109.

WOLLASTON, T. V., on _Eurygnathus_, i. 344; on musical curculionidæ, i. 378; on the stridulation of _Acalles_, i. 384.

WOLVES learning to bark from dogs, i. 44; hunting in packs, i. 75.

WOLVES, black, ii. 294.

WOMBAT, black varieties of the, ii. 294.

WOMEN distinguished from men by male monkeys, i. 13; preponderance of, in numbers, i. 302; effects of selection of, in accordance with different standards of beauty, ii. 355; practice of capturing, ii. 360, 364; early betrothals and slavery of, ii. 366; selection of, for beauty, ii. 372; freedom of selection by, in savage tribes, ii. 372.

WONDER, manifestations of, by animals, i. 42.

WONFOR, Mr., on sexual peculiarities in the wings of butterflies, i. 345.

WOOLNER, Mr., observations on the ear in man, i. 22.

WOOD, J., on muscular variations in man, i. 109, 128, 129; on the greater variability of the muscles in men than in women, i. 275.

WOOD, T. W., on the colouring of the orange-tip butterfly, i. 394; on the habits of the Saturniidæ, i. 398; on the habits of _Menura Alberti_, ii. 56; on _Tetrao cupido_, ii. 56; on the display of plumage by male pheasants, ii. 89; on the ocellated spots of the Argus pheasant, ii. 144; on the habits of the female Cassowary, ii. 204.

WOODCOCK, coloration of the, ii. 226.

WOODPECKER, selection of a mate by the female, ii. 116.

WOODPECKERS, ii. 56; tapping of, ii. 62; colours and nidification of the, ii. 171, 174, 223; characters of young, ii. 185, 199, 209.

WORMALD, Mr., on the coloration of _Hypopyra_, i. 397.

WOUNDS, healing of, i. 13.

WREN, ii. 198; young of the, ii. 209.

WRIGHT, C. A., on the young of _Orocetes_ and _Petrocincla_, ii. 220.

WRIGHT, Chauncey, on correlative acquisition, ii. 335; on the enlargement of the brain in man, ii. 391.

WRIGHT, Mr., on the Scotch deerhound, ii. 261; on sexual preference in dogs, ii. 271; on the rejection of a horse by a mare, ii. 272.

WRIGHT, W. von, on the protective plumage of the Ptarmigan, ii. 81.

WRITING, i. 182.

WYMAN, Prof., on the prolongation of the coccyx in the human embryo, i. 16; on the condition of the great toe in the human embryo, i. 17; on variation in the skulls of the natives of the Sandwich Islands, i. 108; on the hatching of the eggs in the mouths and branchial cavities of male fishes, i. 210, ii. 20.