Chapter I
, 14-52, and 333, 351, 360-1.
PEACE FANATICS, their dangerous influence on foreign politics, 33 _footnote_, 351, 360-1.
PENINSULAR WAR, the Roman bridge at Alcántara, 16, 186; the Roman bridge at Constantino, 335; Orense Bridge, 29 _footnote_.
PERFORATED TOWERS on bridges; modern engineers have passed suspension cables through towers instead of passing them over the summits, 346, 354.
PERRONET, JEAN RODOLPHE, 1708-94, French engineer-architect, 282-3, 337-8, also _footnote_ 338.
PERSHORE BRIDGE, 355.
PERSIAN BRIDGES, 202-4, 211, 212-16, 265-70.
PERUVIAN BRIDGES, 146 _et seq._
PHALLUS, a symbol of prosperity, carved twice in low-relief on the Pont du Gard, 174.
PIERS OF BRIDGES, 114, 200, 264, 316, 338, 341, 342, 353, 354. There are other references also, but the reader will be able to follow the history of piers from the natural bridge of stepping-stones through the many changes and defects mentioned in the text. To-day, with the rapid improvements in airships and aeroplanes, new armoured piers will have to be designed, strong enough to bear the great weight of a roofed superstructure of armour-plate steel, yet not thick enough to obstruct rivers. Now that bridges are as vulnerable as Zeppelin sheds, engineers have an excellent chance to serve their countries well by inventing new and powerful bridges. How to protect piers--at least as much as possible--from direct artillery fire is one very difficult problem; how to protect them from falling shells and bombs is another. When London is fitted adequately with new defensive bridges her river will be as impressive as a fleet of super-Dreadnoughts. See also “Abutment Piers.”
PIERS, CRISS-CROSS, Gaulish, 70; in Kashmír, 71-3; in North Russia, 73.
PIERS, FOUNDING, 99, 197, 251-2, 341-2.
PIGS, in China, sacrificed to rivers when bridges are in danger from floods, 69 _footnote_, 248.
PINGERON, M., his remarks on Loyang Bridge, 127.
PIRANESI, GIAMBATTISTA, 1720-78, 193, 197.
PISA, her chapelled bridge, 209. The late Mr. S. Wayland Kershaw wrote as follows in 1882: “The most remarkable bridge chapel abroad is the one dedicated to Santa Maria del’ Epina on the side of the bridge over the Arno at Pisa, erected about 1230. Built of the rich stone and marble of the district, it is ornamented with niches and figures, and, though renovated and repaired, still presents a graceful appearance.”
POINTED ARCHES AND VAULTS, in Nature, 6 _footnote_; in Egypt of the Fourth Dynasty, 155-6; in Babylonian work, 275 _footnote_; at Arpino, 156; in early French bridges, 6 _footnote_, 86-93.
POITOU, in its relation to ribbed arches in bridges, 95.
POLO, MARCO, 128, 210, 310, 313.
PONS ÆLIUS, 194-5.
PONS ÆMILIUS, 193 _footnote_.
PONS AURELIUS, 197.
PONS CESTIUS, 196-7.
PONS FABRICIUS, 195-6.
PONS GRATIANUS, 196.
PONS LAPIDEUS, 140.
PONS MILVIUS, 197.
PONS NERONIANUS, 197.
PONS PALATINUS or Senatorius, 192-3.
PONS SALARUS, 191.
PONS SELMIS, 178.
PONS SUBLICIUS, 41, 64, 136, 140.
PONS TRIUMPHALIS, 197.
PONS VATICANUS, 197.
PONT AU CHANGE, a Paris bridge, 224.
PONT AUX MEUNIERS, a Paris bridge, 224.
PONT D’ARC, a Nature-made bridge, 6.
PONT D’AMBROISE, a Roman bridge, 82.
PONT DE BROEL, a Flemish war-bridge, 290.
PONT D’ESPAGNE, a modern French bridge, 278.
PONT DES CONSULS, a mediæval bridge at Montauban, 27, 254-6.
PONT DE VERNAY at Airvault, see the plate facing page 96.
PONT DU GARD, Roman bridge-aqueduct, 83, 167-75.
PONT FLAVIEN at Saint-Chamas, Roman bridge, 176-7.
PONT NAPOLÉON, a great modern bridge, 278.
PONT NEUF, Paris, 321-2, and the illustration.
PONT NOTRE DAME, Paris, 225.
PONT ST. BÉNÉZET at Avignon, frontispiece, 81-4, 217, 236-9, 262, 297.
PONT ST. CLOUD, 296.
PONT ST. ESPRIT, 92, 126, 296 _et seq._
PONT ST. MICHEL at Paris, 225.
PONT VALENTRÉ at Cahors, 263-4, 282-5.
PONT-Y-MYNACH, the Devil’s Bridge near Aberystwyth, 67 _et seq._
PONT-Y-PANT, 131.
PONT-Y-PRYDD, 28 _footnote_.
PONTE AUGUSTUS at Rimini, 199.
PONTE CARTARO at Ascoli-Piceno, 201.
PONTE CECCO at Ascoli-Piceno, 201.
PONTE DELLA TRINITÀ at Florence, 222, 316.
PONTE DI PORTA CAPPUCINA at Ascoli-Piceno, 201.
PONTE MAGGIORE at Ascoli-Piceno, 200.
PONTE MOLLE, 197.
PONTE NOMENTANO, 298-9; also the picture facing page 296.
PONTE QUATTRO CAPI, 196.
PONTE ROTTO, 23, 192.
PONTE S. BARTOLOMMEO, 196.
PONTE SALARO, 191.
PONTE SANT’ ANGELO, 194-5, 324.
PONTE SISTO, 197, 265.
PONTE VECCHIO, 210, 222.
PONTISM, the historical study of bridges.
PONTIST, a devotee of bridges and their history.
PONTIST Brothers or Friars, or Frères Pontifes, 83, 90, 91, 92, 296, 297, 342. St. Bénézet was one of the leaders in this religious brotherhood of good craftsmen.
PORTA DELL’ ARCO at Arpino, celebrated in the history of pointed arches, 156-7.
PORTAGE BRIDGE, GREAT, on the Genesee River, 353-4.
PORTER, SIMON, bailiff at Old Shoreham in the year 1318; his official defence of the neglected timber bridge, 41-2.
POSTBRIDGE, Dartmoor, its famous clapper bridge, 104.
PRATT, GODFREY, nefarious guardian of Old Bow Bridge, 98-9.
PREHISTORIC BRIDGES, and their descent from Nature’s models, see Chapters I and II.
PRESTON BRIDGE, 250 _footnote_.
PRIOR PARK, Palladian Bridge, 343.
PROGRESS IN HUMAN SOCIETIES, its terrible slowness, 39, and section iii,