Part 19

Scapose orchids with bulb or corm-like roots. =Anther= 1. =Labellum= 3-lobed, shorter than petals. =Sepals= and =petals= about ½ inch long. =Flowers= without a spur, dull yellowish-brown in a loose raceme. =Anther= borne a little below the summit of column. =Pollinia= 4, lens-shaped. =Stem= or =scape= 1-2 feet high. =Leaf= 1, basal, arising from side of scape; several corms adhering to latest bulb; leaf develops in late autumn, about September 9th, hyemal; several sheathing scales above. =Seed-capsule= oblong, ovoid, angled.

_Continental Range_—From Ontario, southward to Georgia and Alabama; westward to Minnesota, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and probably in northern California. Rather rare and local.

North American species north of Mexico 2 New England species 1 Hoosac Valley species 0

New England species:

1. _A. spicatum_ (Walter) B. S. P., 1788-1888.

1.—APLECTRUM SPICATUM (Walter) B. S. P., 1788-1888[92]

(_Aplectrum hyemale_ Nuttall, 1818)

PUTTY-ROOT—ADAM-AND-EVE[93]

The specific name, _spicatum_, refers to the flowers growing in a _spica_, or spike.

Tall, spiked damp sandy woodland or bogland orchid, with bulbous or corm-like roots. May 22d-July 1st (Northern States); April 20th-July 1st (Southern States).

=Flowers=, 1-9 dull yellowish-brown, mixed with purple, 1 inch long, short-pediceled, in a loose raceme 2-4 inches long. =Labellum= shorter than petals, 3-lobed. =Sepals= and =petals= ½ inch long, linear-lanceolate. =Stem= or =scape= 1-2 feet high, producing 3 scales above the leaf. =Leaf= 1, basal, arising at side of scape, from the latest bulb or corm; elliptic, 4-6 inches long, appearing about September 9th, hyemal—lasting through the winter.

_Continental Range_—From Ontario, southward to Georgia and Alabama; westward to Minnesota, Oregon, Idaho, Washington, and probably California.

This species, like those of _Corallorhiza_, is not a definite dated flowering orchid; in the Virginian ravines it blooms as early as April 20th while in Wisconsin, and Missouri it blooms as late as July 1st. The average date for New England is from May 22d-June 25th.

_New England Range_—Maine, rare; New Hampshire, rare; Vermont, rare; Massachusetts, rare; Rhode Island, not reported; Connecticut, rare.

TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS.

ENGLISH METRIC.

1½ inch (1″) = 2 millimetres (mm.). 1 inch (1′) = 2.5 centimetres (cm.). 1 foot (1°) = 3 decimetres (dm.).

[Illustration: =Epiphytes, or Air Plants. A Corner in the Orchid House of the Botanical Gardens of New York City.=]

FOOTNOTES

[1] Thoreau, _Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers_, p. 244.

[2] Thoreau, “Walking,” _Excursions_, p. 252.

[3] Burroughs, _A Year in the Fields_.

[4] Milton, _Comus_.

[5] Whittier, _The Mayflowers_.

[6] Thoreau, _The Maine Woods_, p. 34.

[7] L. H. Bailey, Jr., _Talks Afield_, p. 128. 1885.

[8] Thoreau, “Walking,” _Excursions_, p. 252.

[9] Henry Baldwin, _Orchids of New England_, Plate 8, 1894.

[10] Henry Baldwin, _Orchids of New England_, p. 38, 1894.

[11] Henry Baldwin’s _Orchids of New England_, p. 37, 1884.

[12] Thomas Wentworth Higginson, _The Procession of the Flowers_, p. 47.

[13] Gray, _Fertilization of Orchids, in Sill. Journ. 1862-1863_.

[14] C. A. Crandall, _Plant World_, p. 6. Jan., 1900.

[15] Darwin, _Fertilization of Orchids_, p. 284. 1895.

[16] _Ibid._, p. 291.

[17] Darwin, _Fertilization of Orchids_, p. 292. 1895.

[18] _Ibid._

[19] Darwin, _Fertilization of Orchids_, pp. 285-286. 1895.

[20] Thomas Wentworth Higginson, _The Procession of the Flowers_, p. 17.

[21] John Richardson, M.D., _Bot. Appendix, Report of Franklin’s Journey_, 2d ed., p. 34, 1823.

[22] Dr. F. Kurtz, _List of Alaskan Orchids_, Expedition 1882.

[23] A. W. Driggs, _Catalogue Plants of Connecticut_, p. 19. 1901.

[24] F. F. Le Moyne, _Garden and Forest_, 3: 1890.

[25] T. W. Higginson, _The Procession of the Flowers_, p. 21.

[26] Thoreau, _Summer_, p. 198.

[27] _Ibid._, p. 347.

[28] Thoreau, _Summer_, p. 347.

[29] Darwin, _Fertilization of Orchids_, p. 226. 1895.

[30] Thomas Meehan, _The Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States_, p. 104. 2: 1878.

[31] Darwin, _Fertilization of Orchids_, p. 284. 1895.

[32] Dr. S. H. Scudder, _Proc. Soc. Nat. Hist. Boston_, 9: 1863.

[33] Thoreau, _Summer_, pp. 84-85. 1884.

[34] Dodoens, _History of Plants_, p. 156. 1578.

[35] Lyte’s translation of Dodoens’ _History of Plants_, pp. 161-162 (1 ed., 1578).

[36] Bryant, _The Gladness of Nature_.

[37] _Vacinium_ comes from _Baccinium_, and was derived from _Baccæ_—Dodoens, _Hist. Pl._, 1578.

[38] Clipping from _The Transcript_, North Adams, Mass., Feb., 1900.

[39] F. H. Blodgett, _The Plant World_, p. 52, March, 1902.

[40] Dodoens, _History of Plants_, 1578.

[41] _Ibid._

[42] Milton, _Lycidas_.

[43] Milton, _L’Allegro_.

[44] _The Plant World_, July, 1900; February, 1901; September, 1902; November, 1902.

[45] Dr. Rembert Dodoens, _History of Plants_, Lyte’s Trans., 1st ed., p. 119. 1578.

[46] Bryant, _To a Mosquito_.

[47] Hawthorne’s _American Notes_.

[48] Dodoens, _History of Plants_, p. 290. 1578.

[49] T. B. Aldrich, _Bluebells of New England_.

[50] Thoreau, _Maine Woods_, p. 300.

[51] Hawthorne, _American Notes_, September 9, 1838.

[52] Hawthorne, _Ethan Brand_.

[53] Thoreau, Tuesday, _Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers_.

[54] Thoreau, Tuesday, _Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers_.

[55] Hawthorne, _American Notes_, August 31, 1838.

[56] Dr. T. F. Wolfe, _Literary Shrines_, 173, 1895.

[57] Hawthorne, _American Notes_, July 31, 1838.

[58] _Ibid._

[59] Hawthorne, _American Notes_, July 31, 1838.

[60] Burroughs, _Riverby_.

[61] Bryant, _The Painted Cup_.

[62] Thoreau, _Letters_. To Sophia Thoreau, May 22, 1843.

[63] Bryant, _To the Fringed Gentian_.

[64] Former generic designations, now antedated.

[65] Genera not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[66] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although reported for Connecticut.

[67] Nicholson’s _Ill. Dict. and Gard. Ency. Hort. Gard. Kew_, 1887.

[68] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[69] Doubtfully reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[70] Doubtfully reported for Hoosac Valley region, but should be looked for wherever _H. hyperborea_ grows.

[71] A. L. Andrews, _Rhodora_, 4:79-81, 1902.

[72] Doubtfully reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[73] A. L. Andrews, _Rhodora_, 4: 79-81, 1902.

[74] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[75] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[76] Species doubtfully reported for the Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[77] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[78] Species doubtfully reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Massachusetts.

[79] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Massachusetts.

[80] Genus doubtfully reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[81] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[82] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of northern New England.

[83] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of northern New England.

[84] Genus not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[85] Salisbury, _Pard. Lond._, pl. 89. 1807.

[86] Henry Baldwin, _Orchids of New England_, 93. 1894.

[87] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[88] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Massachusetts.

[89] Genus not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[90] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[91] Genera not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[92] Species not reported for Hoosac Valley region, although native of Vermont.

[93] The common name, Putty-Root, arose from the putty-like consistency of the adhesive substance of the old corms or bulbs; used to mend broken china. The name Adam-and-Eve originated with the colored folk in Georgia and Alabama. The bulbs are not disagreeable to eat if baked, and many confess to be fond of them. The colored people in the South are said to wear these bulbs as amulets, and attribute great favor to them in casting lots. By separating the offsets, they designate them Adam-and-Eve, as the rule may be, and placing them in a bowl of water decide their good or ill fortune in obtaining work, or a lover, according as Adam or Eve “pops up.”

INDEX

A

_Abies balsamea_, origin of name, 118. _See_ Balsam-Fir

=Achroanthes=, generic description, 272 =A. monophylla=, specific description, 273 =A. unifolia=, specific description, 273; haunts of, 104, 108

_Acorus Calamus_, 25, 161

Adams, George, shanty of, 197

Æolian Glen, Bellows-Pipe, 217, 220; harps of, 12, 153

Æolus, Mount (Dorset Mountains) (Vt.), of Taconic origin, 142

Agriculture, Department of (Washington, D. C.), 125

Ague Tree, 186

Aiton’s _Catalogue of Plants_, 37

Albinos of =Cypripedium acaule=, 147, 148; of =Cypripedium reginæ=, 61, 137, 184

Alder, Speckled or Hoary, 23, 31

Allen, Grant, quoted, 53

_Allium_, 172

Alpine Blossoms of the Dome, 201

Amanita, 184

_Amelanchier Canadensis_, 119

Amidon’s Farm, 41, 174, 198; woods of, 98; pines of, 134, 135, 138

_Anaphalis margaritacea_, 237

_Andromeda_, 6

Anemones, 5, 171, 232

Anthony, Mount, Bennington (Vt.), 86, 97, 188, 204

_Antrostomus Carolinensis_, 205. _See_ Chuck-Will’s-Widow

_Antrostomus vociferus_, 205. _See_ Whippoorwill

=Aplectrum=, generic description, 283 =A. spicatum=, specific description, 284

_Aquilegia_, origin of name, 168, 169 _A. Canadensis_, 168

Arbor Vitæ, American, 118, 189

Arbutus, Trailing, 14, 24, 104, 121, 133, 187; days for, 133, 139

_Arctostaphylos pungens_, 165. _See_ Manzanita

_Arctomys monax_, 177. _See_ Woodchuck’s home

=Arethusa=, generic description, 262 =A. bulbosa=, specific description, 262; haunts of, 89, 90, 187

Arethusa’s Fountain or Spring, 31, 72, 88, 142

_Arisæma triphyllum_, 21, 160

_Arnica acaulis_, 235

Arrow-Head, 64

_Artemisia Absinthium_, 238

Arum, 160

_Asarum Canadense_, 179

_Asclepias tuberosa_, 234

Ashuilticook, South Branch, Hoosac River, 13, 112, 214, 223

_Asplenium_, 194, 195 _A. ebenoides_, 199 _A. platyneuron_, 199 _A. Ruta-Muraria_, 191

Atlantic Region of North America, 60, 131, 153

_Atragene Americana_, 140

August, month of, 105, 140, 165, 231, 237; excursions, 7th, 224; 16th, 222

Aurora’s Bog, 6, 8, 17, 20, 49, 59; hill of, 112, 133

Aurora’s Lake, 5, 14, 89, 114, 177

Autumn flowers (N. J.), 237; Hoosac Valley, 237

Azalea, Pink, 31, 141, 157, 162, 168, 175, 176 _A. nudiflora_, 6

B

Bailey, L. H., Jr., quoted, 32

Bald Mountain (Mass.), 11

Baldwin, Henry, quoted, 40, 41, 42

Ball Brook, wanderings of, 15, 25, 27, 36, 55, 72, 75, 86, 141, 172, 179, 181, 202, 204

Ball Farm, 22, 75, 141, 146, 198

Balsam-Fir tree, 202; resinous blisters of, 118, 202

Balsam-Weed, 237

Barber’s Mill, 31, 63, 87, 179

Bear Berry, 21

Bear Swamp, 208

Beaver Dam, last evidences of the, 229

Beaver, The, North Adams (Mass.), 224

Bedford Park (N. Y. City), 161

Beecher, Henry Ward, quoted, 201

Bellows-Pipe, Notch Valley, Hoosac Highlands, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220; Indian’s legend of, 217, 218. _See_ Notch Valley

Bennington (Vt.), 37, 204; battle of, 11, 76; county of, 15, 85, 86; hill of, 27, 86, 201; road to Boston (Mass.), from, 76; rebellion of the Green Mountain Boys of, 97

Berkshire, northern (Mass.), 57, 121, 214; “Beautiful Berkshire,” 5; boglands of, 114; highlands of, 133, 222; natural features of, 225; valleys of, 214

Bertram, a character of Hawthorne’s, 215

_Bicuculla Canadensis_, 131 _B. Cucullaria_, 131 _B. eximia_, 131

Birch Family, 149

Birch woods, 57, 138, 186

Bird’s-Foot Violet, origin of name of, 159

Birds, songs of, 130, 133, 202; rare nests of, 154; of the Dome, 210

Bitter-Buttons, 238

Blackberry bushes, 112, 211, 237

Black Spruce, Dwarf, 117

Bleeding Heart, 131

Blodgett, F. H., quoted on origin of Dog’s-Tooth Violet, 126

Bloodroot, 164

Bluebells of New England, 192, 195, 238

Blueberry, Dwarf Low, 117, 118, 119

Bluets, 4, 126, 232

Bobolink, notes of the, 95, 167; nest of the, 96

Bonny, Old, 38

Boots, waterproof, 103, 113; hob-nailed, 213

Boston (Mass.), 7, 47, 94

Botanizing outfit, 62

Boulders, 9, 112, 189, 199, 213, 227

Boxberry, 24

Brakes, 12, 20, 68, 103, 112, 163

Brattleboro (Vt.), 204

Briar-roses, 187, 236

Broad Brook, 197; forks of, 76, 184, 185; valley of, 184, 185, 210

Bronx Park (N. Y. City), 20, 158, 159, 167, 172

Brooklyn Bridge (N. Y. City), 231

Broom-Rape Family, 164

Bryant, William Cullen, quoted, 62, 95, 112, 115, 182, 214, 235, 238

Buckbean, 26, 67, 70, 180

Buckwheat Family, 84

Bull-frogs, 63, 182

Burlington (Vt.), 40, 41

Burroughs, John, quoted, 3, 17, 154, 233

Butter-and-Eggs, 235

Butterflies, 130

Butterfly Polypores, 153, 186

Butterfly-Weed, Orange, 234

Butternut Lane, 138

Butternut-trees, 74, 234

C

Cactus Family, 158

Calamint or _Calamintha_, 132

=Calceolus Marianus=, 58. See _Cypripedium_

Calico-bush, 173, 184. See _Kalmia_

=Calopogon=, former generic name for _Limodorum_, 90

_Caltha_, golden cups of, 141

=Calypso=, generic description, 275 =C. bulbosa=, specific description, 276

_Campanula_, origin of name, 195, 196 _C. rotundifolia_, 196

_Camptosorus rhizophyllus_, 4

Canaan Hills (N. H.), 190, 221

Canadensis Brook, haunts of Canada Violets, 172

Cancer-Root, 164

_Capillus-Veneris Adiantum_, 195

_Caprimulgidæ_, 205

Cardinal Flower, 105, 231, 233

_Carduus_, 238

Carmel, Mount (Conn.), 129, 130, 158

_Carpinus Caroliniana_, 149

Cary, Alice, quoted, 44, 83, 95

Cascade, the, Notch Valley Brook, 111, 113, 212, 213, 221

_Cassandra_, 6

_Castilleja coccinea_, 234

Catbirds, 181

Catskills, the, 140, 210, 220

Cat’s-Mint, 131, 132; Catnip, origin of name, 132

Cat-tail Flag, 25, 113, 166

Cedars and Jumpers, 130, 161; swamps of, 118

Centre-of-the-Town (Pownal, Vt.), 56; road to the, 36, 41

Chalk Pond, region of, 56, 57, 177, 206; soil of, 101; brook of, 102; orchids of, 137

Chandler’s =Cypripedium=, 37. See _Cypripedium arietinum_

Charlotte (Vt.), 204

Checkerberries, 23

Cherries, wild red, 119; trees, 144

Chestnut-trees, 101, 143, 186

Chickadees, 209

Children’s Day, 192

Chimaphila, 24

_Chordeiles Virginianus_, 205. _See_ Hawk, Twilight

Christmas Ferns, 57

Chuck-Will’s-Widow, 205; habits of, 176

_Claytonia Virginica_, 157

Clayton’s Fern, 163

Clematis, 171; ancient vine of, 140; seeds of, 140 Purple-Flowered, 139, 140 _C. Virginiana_, 140

Cliff-Brake, Purple-Stemmed, 191, 192, 200

_Clintonia_, 20, 187, 209; hollow of, 205 _C. borealis_, 20, 35, 116

Club-Moss, 24, 182

Coal-Bed, or Chip-Bed, Domelet, 207, 210

Cockle-Burrs, 164

Cold Spring, Chalk Pond region, 98, 99, 102, 172, 177; Putnam Swamp, Mosholu (N. Y.), 163

Colesville, Williamstown (Mass.), 197

Columbine, 130, 131, 165, 168-171; origin of name, 169, 170

Common Polypody, 14

Concord (Mass.), 109

Connecticut, 3, 125, 187

Connecticut River, 190; valley of, 221

Continental Divide, 43

_Coptis trifolia_, 19

=Corallorhiza=, generic description of, 278 =C. Corallorhiza=, specific description of, 278 =C. multiflora=, specific description of, 280 =C. odontorhiza=, specific description of, 279 =C. Wisteriana=, specific description of, 279

Cornel, Dwarf, 20

_Cornus Canadensis_, 21

Cowslip, American, 5, 129, 142

Cranberry Swamp, 62, 64, 70, 72, 86, 181

_Cratægus_, 13

Crowfoot Family, 5, 171

Cud-Weed, 237

Currants, wild black, 220

Crystal Lake, Orange Mountains (N. J.), 232, 233

Crystal Spring, Snuff Hollow, Notch Valley, 113, 212, 221

_Cynorchis_, 110

=Cypripedium=, 54, 72, 104, 109; dates of flowering, 34, 138; cross-fertilization and fertilization, 57, 58, 178; origin of name, 58, 242; seedlings, 77-79, 135; culture of New England species, 80-82; torsion of stem and labellum of, 92, 93; organism, 108; generic description, 242. _See_ Lady’s Slipper _and_ Moccasin-Flower. =C. acaule=, specific description, 246; haunts, 5, 18, 56, 60, 67, 103, 116, 134, 172-174; colony of two hundred plants, 78; most common Cypripedium of New England, and possibly of North America, 81; culture, 82; seed-capsule, 116 =C. arietinum=, specific description, 243; haunts, 37, 42, 56, 61, 80, 98; soil of, 100; destroying worm, 135 =C. calceolus=, European Yellow Lady’s Slipper, 53, 58 =C. Californicum=, native of Pacific slope, 43 =C. candidum=, specific description, 244, 245; haunts, 61, 184 =C. fasciculatum=, native of the northwestern Pacific slope, 43 =C. hirsutum=, specific description, 245; haunts, 3, 57, 59, 60, 80; most common Cypripedium of our continent, 81; seedlings, 178 =C. Montanum=, the Fragrant White Lady’s Slipper of the Rocky Mountain region, 243 =C. parviflorum=, specific designation, 246; haunts, 18, 57, 60, 61, 80, 161; seedlings, 161 =C. passerinum=, native of northwestern Pacific slope, 60 =C. reginæ=, specific description, 244; haunts, 3, 19, 43, 55, 61, 68, 72, 184; ancient colony, 77-79; seedlings, 78, 81

D

Dale, T. Nelson, quoted, on ancient Hoosac Lake, 221

Darwin, Charles, quoted on _Orchidaceæ_— fertilization of, 51, 108; self-fertilization of, 51; cross-fertilization of, 52, 53; seeds of, 57; extinction of, 92; structure of, 93

“Dead holes,” 63, 68, 73, 88

Dead-Men’s Fingers, and Thumbs, 110. See _Habenaria psycodes_, and _Habenaria grandiflora_

Deaf-Man’s Spring, 211

Decoration Day, 44, 61, 141

Deerfield, arch, 221; river, 224; valley, 224

Deer-Mice, 173

Deer Park, Mosholu (N. Y.), 161, 164

_Denticulus canis_, or _Dens caninus_, 127. _See_ Dog’s-Tooth Lily

Devil’s Darning-Needles, 145

Devil’s Paint-Brush, 236

_Dioscorides_ (23-79, A.D.), quoted on origin of plant names, 126, 127, 140, 237; fern names, 193

Dodoens (1578), quoted on origin of plant names, 58, 111, 120, 127, 132, 159, 168, 194, 195

Dog’s-Tooth Lily, 12, 20, 35, 126, 129, 157, 164; origin of name of, 126-128. _See_ Lily

Dogwood Blossoms, snowy, 5, 47, 121, 157, 173, 209

Dogwood, Poison, 35

Dome, the Majestic, Green Mountains (Vt.), 25, 27, 35, 66, 76, 86, 115, 172, 185, 188, 196, 203; moonrise over, 95; scenes from, 97; ascent and summit, 118, 207, 209; glaciated slopes of, 204; flowers of, 208, 209; in the path of a tornado on the, 210

Domelet, Pownal (Vt.), 59, 62, 76, 115, 116, 120, 175, 207, 211

Dorset Mountain (Mount Æolus), 142

Dragon-Flies, 145

Dragonworts, 160

Driggs, A. W., quoted, 61

_Drosera rotundifolia_, 32, 187

Dry Brook, 211

Dumb Watches, 32, 65. _See_ Pitcher Plant

Dummy Farm, 116; road, 116, 207

Dutchman’s-Breeches, 131, 157, 158

E

Eagle Rock, Orange Mountains (N. J.), 231, 234

East Road, Pownal (Vt.), 27, 34, 144

Eckhart, Faithful, of mythological origin, Germany, 14

Eddy Farm, Notch Valley, North Adams (Mass.), 216

Eel-Grass, 64, 69

Eggleston, W. W., Rutland (Vt.), quoted, 188, 191

Elder, Poison, 35

Elephant, fossil, discovered in Vermont, 204

Ellacomb, Rev. Mr., quoted on name of Dead-Men’s Thumbs, 110

Elm “turnovers,” 103

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, quoted, 55

_Epigæa repens_, 5, 24

Equinox, Mount, Manchester (Vt.), 86

Erosions, rock, 9, 57, 189, 221-223, 226. _See_ Pot-hole erosions

_Erythronium Americanum_, 20, 126, 128, 129; origin of name of, 126

Etchowog, Bogs of, 3, 15, 16, 22, 27, 35, 39, 42, 47, 86, 88, 108, 141, 176, 178, 238; origin of name of, 63; haunts of mosquito, 182

Ethan Brand, a character of Hawthorne’s, 215; short story of, quoted, 216

Eustace Bright, a character of Hawthorne’s, 214

Everlasting, the, 237

F

False Lily-of-the-Valley, 20

Fence, barbed wire, 143

Fence-boards serve a purpose, 73

Fern Family, seeds of, 151, 194 Sweet Fern, 112; Oak Fern, 162, 194; Grape Fern, 199. _See_ Spleenwort

Ferns, lichens, and mosses, origin of names of, 193

=Fertilization= and cross-fertilization, the story of, 48, 49; _Orchis spectabilis_, 107; _Habenaria Hookeriana_, 177, 178; _Cypripedium hirsutum_, by a snail, 178. _See_ Darwin

Field Brook, White Oaks, 183

Figwort Family, 234, 235

Flag’s Meadows, North Adams (Mass.), 112

Fleur-de-lis, 23, 35, 65, 67, 83, 168. See _Iris_

Floating-Heart, 180

Forbidden Mountain, the, 218. _See_ Hoosac Mountain

Forest, buried, 103

Forget-me-nots, 130

Fort Massachusetts, the early border, North Adams (Mass.), 11, 97

Foxes Fire-Eyes, 186

Franktown (Nev.), 165

French cadets, 97

Frog’s-Bit, 64

Fumaria, 131

G

Garlic, Wild, 158

_Gaultheria_, 6, 14, 23, 24, 171, 187

_Gaylussacia dumosa_, 117

_Gemmingia Chinensis_, 161

Gentian, Blue-Fringed, 26, 166, 180, 187, 238; origin of name of, 180

_Gentiana crinita_, 166, 238; Bryant’s verse to, 238

Geological surveys, northern Massachusetts, 9

_Geranium columbinum_, 169

_Gerardia_, 234-236

Giant, The, Mount Carmel (Conn.), 129, 130, 158

Ginger-Root, 164, 179, 220

Glacial Age, 8, 9, 185, 189; hills of the, 86, 142, 204, 221; ancient lake beds of, 203, 221. _See_ Erosions, Pot-holes, _and_ Boulders

Glebe or Church land, by law established, Pownal (Vt.), 188, 198-200, 204

Glen of Comus, District Fourteen, 21, 25, 36, 44, 55, 72, 133, 137, 141, 147, 149, 152, 178

_Gnaphalium decurrens_, 237

Goatsucker Family, 215

Goddess of Liberty (N. Y. City), 231

Golden Arnica, 236

Golden Chestnut of Nevada, 165

Golden Gate of Hoosac Valley, 96

Golden-Ragwort, 162

Golden-Rod, 121, 237

Goldthread, 19, 41, 134, 171, 187, 209

Gould Farm, base of Greylock, Adams (Mass.), 223

Granite rocks, “mutton-backed,” 158

Grape-vines, wild, 103, 164, 181

Grass-of-Parnassus, 237

=Grass Pink=, haunts of, 47, 63, 70, 87, 90, 91, 120, 282; fragrance and color of, 91. _See_ _Limodorum tuberosum_, or Meadow-Gift

Gray, Dr. Asa, quoted on beauty of Fringed Habenarias, 105

Great Spirit, anger of the, 218

“Great Vermonter,” boulder of the, 9

Green, Esq., Edward, cabin of, 144

Greenfield (Mass.), 7

Green Mountains, 27, 46, 47, 186

Green Mountain Boys, 97

Green River, Williamstown (Mass.), view of, 120

Gregor Rocks, North Pownal (Vt.), 183; rare ferns of, 188, 191, 192, 194, 213; bluebells of, 192, 196; legend of, 192, 193; natural dam of, 204

Greylock, Mount (Mass.), name of, 10, 212; height of, 10; observatory on, 10, 219; Heart of, 11; clouds upon, 97, 129; brotherhood of, 210, 213; road to summit of, 213, 214; Hawthorne’s description of, 215; Thoreau’s ascent of, 216, 218; trees of, 217; view from, 220; geological and glacial observations of, 221, 223; landslide on south brow of, 222; stone stairs on, 223

Griffin, President, of Williams College (Mass.), 10, 219

Ground-pigs, 177

Ground-Pine, 24, 194

Grouse, hiding of the young of, 175

Gulf Road, Pownal Centre (Vt.), 16, 56, 98, 139, 198

=Gyrostachys=, generic description, 263; haunts of, 109, 166, 238. _See_ Ladies’ Tresses =G. cernua=, specific description, 265 =G. gracilis=, specific description, 266 =G. ochroleuca=, specific description, 265 =G. plantaginea=, specific description, 264 =G. Romanzoffiana=, specific description, 264

H

=Habenaria=, generic description of, 249; self-fertile species of, 49; origin of name, 49, 56; haunts of, 104, 106, 108, 110, 166; oldest orchises in literature, 109; mentioned by Thoreau, 109. _See_ =Orchis=, common names of =H. Andrewseii=, specific description, 258 =H. blephariglottis=, specific description, 256 =H. bracteata=, specific description, 254 =H. ciliaris=, specific description of, 255; haunts of, 105 =H. clavellata=, specific description, 254; self-fertilized, 49 =H. dilatata=, specific description, 252; haunts of, 51, 56, 73, 181, 220; perfume of, 73; fertilization of, 73 =H. flava=, specific description, 255. _See_ Tubercled Orchis =H. fragrans=, specific description, 253 =H. grandiflora=, specific description, 257; haunts of, 29, 102, 104, 109 =H. holopetala=, specific description, 256 =H. Hookeriana=, specific description, 250; haunts of, 101, 104, 141, 171, 178 =H. hyperborea=, specific description, 251; fertilization of, 49-51; haunts of, 50, 56 =H. lacera=, specific description, 257 =H. media=, specific description, 252 =H. oblongifolia=, specific description, 250 =H. obtusata=, specific description, 251 =H. orbiculata=, specific description, 250; haunts of, 101, 104, 109, 120 =H. psycodes=, specific description of, 258; haunts of, 70, 72, 109

Hailstorms, 72, 74, 85, 117

Haines, Daniel, a character of Hawthorne’s, 215

Hartford (Conn.), 3

Hawk, Twilight, habits of, 206; or, Bull-Bat, 205

Hawkweed, Orange, 236

Hawthorne, N., _American Notes_ quoted, 10, 192, 193, 214, 215, 222, 225, 226; route to Greylock (Mass.), through the Notch, 213; visits to Limekilns, North Adams (Mass.), 214; visit to Deerfield Arch, 222; visits to Natural Bridge, Hudson Brook, 225, 228

Haystack Mountain (Vt.), 185, 210

Hazen, Mount, Williamstown (Mass.), 186, 196

Heal-All, 102

Heart’s-Ease, 159

Heath Family, 6

Hellas, Mountains of, 97

Hellebore, American, 5, 6, 20, 28, 47

Hemlock Brook, 188; woods of, Notch Brook, 113; glen of, 193

_Hepatica_, 171, 194

_Herbe de Chat_, the cat’s heal-all, 132, 133

Herkimer (N. Y.), 80

_Hieracium aurantiacum_, 236

Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, quoted, 47, 59, 89

Hitchcock, President, Amherst (Mass.), 9

Honeysuckles, origin of name of, 170

Hoosac Falls (N. Y.), plains of, 98

Hoosac, Highlands, 4, 5, 8, 165, 214, 232; ancient lake of the, 8, 12, 22, 222; flowers in bloom each month of the year in, 121; Lowlands, 207; tornado in, 210; Indians’ hunting-ground in the, 218; depths of lake 10,000 years ago, 221

Hoosac Mountain, 5, 79, 212, 221

Hoosac River, source of, 6, 7, 18, 98, 188; South Branch of, 13; narrow pass of, 96; view of the, 120; North Branch of, 224; peaceful waters of, 238. _See_ Ashuilticook River _and_ Mayunsook River

Hoosac Tunnel, completion of (1875), 7; western gate of, 12; cliffs of, 13; passing of trains through, 13, 224; eastern portal of, 222