Part 19

That was formerly sometimes used with the force of the article the, especially in the phrases that one, that other, which were subsequently corrupted into th'tone, th'tother (now written t'other).

Upon a day out riden knightes two . . . That one of them came home, that other not.

Chaucer.

3. As a relative pronoun, that is equivalent to who or which, serving to point out, and make definite, a person or thing spoken of, or alluded to, before, and may be either singular or plural.

He that reproveth a scorner getteth to himself shame.

Prov. ix. 7.

A judgment that is equal and impartial must incline to the greater probabilities.

Bp. Wilkins.

<! p. 1494 !>

If the relative clause simply conveys an additional idea, and is not properly explanatory or restrictive, who or which (rarely that) is employed; as, the king that (or who) rules well is generally popular; Victoria, who (not that) rules well, enjoys the confidence of her subjects. Ambiguity may in some cases be avoided in the use of that (which is restrictive) instead of who or which, likely to be understood in a coördinating sense. Bain.

That was formerly used for that which, as what is now; but such use is now archaic.

We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen.

John iii. 11.

That I have done it is thyself to wite [blame].

Chaucer.

That, as a relative pronoun, cannot be governed by a preposition preceding it, but may be governed by one at the end of the sentence which it commences.

The ship that somebody was sailing in.

Sir W. Scott.

In Old English, that was often used with the demonstratives he, his, him, etc., and the two together had the force of a relative pronoun; thus, that he = who; that his = whose; that him = whom.

I saw to-day a corpse yborn to church That now on Monday last I saw him wirche [work].

Chaucer.

Formerly, that was used, where we now commonly use which, as a relative pronoun with the demonstrative pronoun that as its antecedent.

That that dieth, let it die; and that that is to cut off, let it be cut off.

Zech. xi. 9.

4. As a conjunction, that retains much of its force as a demonstrative pronoun. It is used, specifically: —

(a) To introduce a clause employed as the object of the preceding verb, or as the subject or predicate nominative of a verb.

She tells them 't is a causeless fantasy, And childish error, that they are afraid.

Shak.

I have shewed before, that a mere possibility to the contrary, can by no means hinder a thing from being highly credible.

Bp. Wilkins.

(b) To introduce, a reason or cause; — equivalent to for that, in that, for the reason that, because.

He does hear me; And that he does, I weep.

Shak.

(c) To introduce a purpose; — usually followed by may, or might, and frequently preceded by so, in order, to the end, etc.

These things I say, that ye might be saved.

John v. 34.

To the end that he may prolong his days.

Deut. xvii. 20.

(d) To introduce a consequence, result, or effect; — usually preceded by so or such, sometimes by that.

The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds Attest their joy, that hill and valley rings.

Milton.

He gazed so long That both his eyes were dazzled.

Tennyson.

(e) To introduce a clause denoting time; — equivalent to in which time, at which time, when.

So wept Duessa until eventide, That shining lamps in Jove's high course were lit.

Spenser.

Is not this the day That Hermia should give answer of her choice?

Shak.

(f) In an elliptical sentence to introduce a dependent sentence expressing a wish, or a cause of surprise, indignation, or the like.

Ha, cousin Silence, that thou hadst seen that that this knight and I have seen!

Shak.

O God, that right should thus overcome might!

Shak.

That was formerly added to other conjunctions or to adverbs to make them emphatic.

To try if that our own be ours or no.

Shak.

That is sometimes used to connect a clause with a preceding conjunction on which it depends.

When he had carried Rome and that we looked For no less spoil than glory.

Shak.

5. As adverb: To such a degree; so; as, he was that frightened he could say nothing. [Archaic or in illiteral use.]

All that, everything of that kind; all that sort.

With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that.

Pope.

The rank is but the guinea's stamp, The man's the gowd [gold] for a'that.

Burns.

— For that. See under For, prep. — In that. See under In, prep.

Thatch (?), n. [OE. thak, AS. þæc a roof; akin to þeccean to cover, D. dak a roof, dekken to cover, G. dach a roof, decken 8cover, Icel. þak a roof, Sw. tak, Dan. tag, Lith. stgas, Ir. teagh a house, Gael. teach, tigh, W. ty, L. tegere to cover, toga a toga, Gr. &?;, &?;, a roof, &?; to cover, Skr. sthag. Cf. Deck, Integument, Tile, Toga.] 1. Straw, rushes, or the like, used for making or covering the roofs of buildings, or of stacks of hay or grain.

2. (Bot.) A name in the West Indies for several kinds of palm, the leaves of which are used for thatching.

Thatch sparrow, the house sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]

Thatch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thatched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thatching.] [From Thatch, n.: cf. OE. thecchen, AS. &?;eccean to cover.] To cover with, or with a roof of, straw, reeds, or some similar substance; as, to thatch a roof, a stable, or a stack of grain.

Thatch"er (?), n. One who thatches.

Thatch"ing, n. 1. The act or art of covering buildings with thatch; so as to keep out rain, snow, etc.

2. The materials used for this purpose; thatch.

Thaught (?), n. (Naut.) See Thwart.

Thau`ma*tol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a wonder + &?; worship.] Worship or undue admiration of wonderful or miraculous things. [R.]

The thaumatolatry by which our theology has been debased for more than a century.

Hare.

Thau"ma*trope (?), n. [Gr. &?; a wonder + &?; to turn.] (Opt.) An optical instrument or toy for showing the presistence of an impression upon the eyes after the luminous object is withdrawn.

It consists of a card having on its opposite faces figures of two different objects, or halves of the same object, as a bird and a cage, which, when the card is whirled rapidlz round a diameter by the strings that hold it, appear to the eye combined in a single picture, as of a bird in its cage.

Thau"ma*turge (?), n. [See Thaumaturgus.] A magician; a wonder worker. Lowell.

{ Thau`ma*tur"gic (?), Thau`ma*tur"gic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to thaumaturgy; magical; wonderful. Burton.

Thau`ma*tur"gics (?), n. Feats of legerdemain, or magical performances.

Thau`ma*tur"gist (?), n. One who deals in wonders, or believes in them; a wonder worker. Carlyle.

||Thau`ma*tur"gus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; wonder-working; &?; a ||wonder + &?; work.] A miracle worker; — a title given by the Roman ||Catholics to some saints. || Thau"ma*tur`gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] The act or art of performing something wonderful; magic; legerdemain. T. Warton.

Thave (?), n. Same as Theave. [Prov. Eng.]

Thaw (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thawing.] [AS. þwian, þwan; akin to D. dovijen, G. tauen, thauen (cf. also verdauen 8digest, OHG. douwen, firdouwen), Icel. þeyja, Sw. töa, Dan. töe, and perhaps to Gr. &?; to melt. √56.] 1. To melt, dissolve, or become fluid; to soften; — said of that which is frozen; as, the ice thaws.

2. To become so warm as to melt ice and snow; — said in reference to the weather, and used impersonally.

3. Fig.: To grow gentle or genial.

Thaw, v. t. To cause (frozen things, as earth, snow, ice) to melt, soften, or dissolve.

Thaw, n. The melting of ice, snow, or other congealed matter; the resolution of ice, or the like, into the state of a fluid; liquefaction by heat of anything congealed by frost; also, a warmth of weather sufficient to melt that which is congealed. Dryden.

Thaw"y (?), a. Liquefying by heat after having been frozen; thawing; melting.

The (?), v. i. See Thee. [Obs.] Chaucer. Milton.

The (, when emphatic or alone; , obscure before a vowel; e, obscure before a consonant; 37), definite article. [AS. ðe, a later form for earlier nom. sing. masc. s, formed under the influence of the oblique cases. See That, pron.] A word placed before nouns to limit or individualize their meaning.

The was originally a demonstrative pronoun, being a weakened form of that. When placed before adjectives and participles, it converts them into abstract nouns; as, the sublime and the beautiful. Burke. The is used regularly before many proper names, as of rivers, oceans, ships, etc.; as, the Nile, the Atlantic, the Great Eastern, the West Indies, The Hague. The with an epithet or ordinal number often follows a proper name; as, Alexander the Great; Napoleon the Third. The may be employed to individualize a particular kind or species; as, the grasshopper shall be a burden. Eccl. xii. 5.

The, adv. [AS. ð, ð, instrumental case of s, seó, ðæt, the definite article. See 2d The.] By that; by how much; by so much; on that account; — used before comparatives; as, the longer we continue in sin, the more difficult it is to reform. "Yet not the more cease I." Milton.

So much the rather thou, Celestial Light, Shine inward, and the mind through all her powers Irradiate.

Milton.

||The"a (?), n. [NL. See Tea.] (Bot.) A genus of plants found in China ||and Japan; the tea plant. || It is now commonly referred to the genus Camellia.

The*an"dric (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; god + &?;, &?;, a man.] Relating to, or existing by, the union of divine and human operation in Christ, or the joint agency of the divine and human nature. Murdock.

{ The`an*throp"ic (?), The`an*throp"ic*al (?), } a. Partaking of, or combining, both divinity and humanity. [R.]

The gorgeous and imposing figures of his [Homer's] theanthropic sytem.

Gladstone.

The*an"thro*pism (?), n. [Gr. &?; god + &?; man.] 1. A state of being God and man. [R.] Coleridge.

2. The ascription of human atributes to the Deity, or to a polytheistic deity; anthropomorphism. Gladstone.

The*an"thro*pist (?), n. One who advocates, or believes in, theanthropism.

The*an"thro*py (?), n. Theanthropism.

The*ar"chic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Thearchy.] Divinely sovereign or supreme. [R.]

He [Jesus] is the thearchic Intelligence.

Milman.

The"ar*chy (?), n. [Gr. &?; god + - archy: cf. Gr. &?; the supreme deity.] Government by God; divine sovereignty; theocracy.

{ The"a*ter, The"a*tre } (?), n. [F. théâtre, L. theatrum, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to see, view; cf. Skr. dhy to meditate, think. Cf. Theory.] 1. An edifice in which dramatic performances or spectacles are exhibited for the amusement of spectators; anciently uncovered, except the stage, but in modern times roofed.

2. Any room adapted to the exhibition of any performances before an assembly, as public lectures, scholastic exercises, anatomical demonstrations, surgical operations, etc.

3. That which resembles a theater in form, use, or the like; a place rising by steps or gradations, like the seats of a theater. Burns.

Shade above shade, a woody theater Of stateliest view.

Milton.

4. A sphere or scheme of operation. [Obs.]

For if a man can be partaker of God's theater, he shall likewise be partaker of God's rest.

Bacon.

5. A place or region where great events are enacted; as, the theater of war.

{ The"a*tin, The"a*tine } (?), n. [F. théatin, It. theatino.] (R. C. Ch.) 1. One of an order of Italian monks, established in 1524, expressly to oppose Reformation, and to raise the tone of piety among Roman Catholics. They hold no property, nor do they beg, but depend on what Providence sends. Their chief employment is preaching and giving religious instruction.

Their name is derived from Theate, or Chieti, a city of Naples, the archbishop of which was a principal founder of the order; but they bore various names; as, Regular Clerks of the Community, Pauline Monks, Apostolic Clerks, and Regular Clerks of the Divine Providence. The order never flourished much out of Italy.

2. (R. C. Ch.) One of an order of nuns founded by Ursula Benincasa, who died in 1618.

The"a*tral (?), a. [L. theatralis: cf. F. théatral.] Of or pertaining to a theater; theatrical. [Obs.]

The*at"ric (?), a. Theatrical.

Woods over woods in gay, theatric pride.

Goldsmith.

The*at"ric*al (?), a. [L. theatricus, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to a theater, or to the scenic representations; resembling the manner of dramatic performers; histrionic; hence, artificial; as, theatrical performances; theatrical gestures. — The*at`ri*cal"i*ty (#), n. — The*at"ric*al*ly (#), adv.

No meretricious aid whatever has been called in — no trick, no illusion of the eye, nothing theatrical.

R. Jefferies.

The*at"ric*als (?), n. pl. Dramatic performances; especially, those produced by amateurs.

Such fashionable cant terms as ‘theatricals,' and ‘musicals,' invented by the flippant Topham, still survive among his confraternity of frivolity.

I. Disraeli.

Theave (?), n. [Cf. W. dafad a sheep, ewe.] A ewe lamb of the first year; also, a sheep three years old. [Written also thave.] [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

The*ba"ic (?), a. [L. thebaicus, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to Thebes in Egypt; specifically, designating a version of the Bible preserved by the Copts, and esteemed of great value by biblical scholars. This version is also called the Sahidic version.

The"ba*id (?), n. [L. Thebais, - idis.] A Latin epic poem by Statius about Thebes in Bœotia.

The*ba"ine (?), n. [So called from a kind of Egyptian opium produced at Thebes.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid, C19H21NO3, found in opium in small quantities, having a sharp, astringent taste, and a tetanic action resembling that of strychnine.

The"ban (?), a. [L. Thebanus.] Of or pertaining to Thebes.

Theban year (Anc. Chron.), the Egyptian year of 365 days and 6 hours. J. Bryant.

The"ban, n. A native or inhabitant of Thebes; also, a wise man.

I'll talk a word with this same learned Theban.

Shak.

||The"ca (?), n.; pl. Thecæ (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; a case to put ||anything in. See Tick a cover.] 1. A sheath; a case; as, the theca, ||or cell, of an anther; the theca, or spore case, of a fungus; the ||theca of the spinal cord. || 2. (Zoöl.) (a) The chitinous cup which protects the hydranths of certain hydroids. (b) The more or less cuplike calicle of a coral. (c) The wall forming a calicle of a coral.

The"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a theca; as, a thecal abscess.

The"ca*phore (?), n. [Theca + Gr. &?; to bear: cf. F. thécaphore.] (Bot.) (a) A surface or organ bearing a theca, or covered with thecæ. (b) See Basigynium.

The*cas"po*rous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the spores in thecæ, or cases.

||The*ca"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a case.] (Zoöl.) Same as ||Thecophora. || Thec"la (?), n. Any one of many species of small delicately colored butterflies belonging to Thecla and allied genera; — called also hairstreak, and elfin.

The`co*dac"tyl (?), n. [&?; case + &?; finger.] (Zoöl.) Any one of a group of lizards of the Gecko tribe, having the toes broad, and furnished with a groove in which the claws can be concealed.

The"co*dont (?), a. [Gr. &?; a case + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] 1. (Anat.) Having the teeth inserted in sockets in the alveoli of the jaws.

2. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the thecodonts.

The"co*dont, n. (Paleon.) One of the Thecodontia.

||The`co*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) A group of fossil ||saurians having biconcave vertebræ and the teeth implanted in sockets. || ||The*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a case + &?; to bear.] ||(Zoöl.) A division of hydroids comprising those which have the ||hydranths in thecæ and the gonophores in capsules. The campanularians ||and sertularians are examples. Called also Thecata. See Illust. under ||Hydroidea. || ||The`co*so"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Theca, and Soma.] (Zoöl.) An ||order of Pteropoda comprising those species which have a shell. See ||Pteropoda. — The`co*so"ma*tous (#), a. || The"dom (?), n. [Thee to prosper + -dom.] Success; fortune; luck; chance. [Obs.]

Evil thedom on his monk's snout.

Chaucer.

Thee (?), v. i. [AS. &?;eón; akin to OS. thhan, D. gedijen, G. gedeihen, OHG. gidihan, Goth. &?;eihan, Lith. tekti to fall to the lot of. Cf. Tight, a.] To thrive; to prosper. [Obs.] "He shall never thee." Chaucer.

Well mote thee, as well can wish your thought.

Spenser.

Thee (?), pron. [AS. ð, acc. & dat. of ð thou. See Thou.] The objective case of thou. See Thou.

Thee is poetically used for thyself, as him for himself, etc.

This sword hath ended him; so shall it thee, Unless thou yield thee as my prisoner.

Shak.

<! p. 1495 !>

Theft (?), n. [OE. thefte, AS. þiéfðe, þfðe, þeófðe. See Thief.] 1. (Law) The act of stealing; specifically, the felonious taking and removing of personal property, with an intent to deprive the rightful owner of the same; larceny.

To constitute theft there must be a taking without the owner's consent, and it must be unlawful or felonious; every part of the property stolen must be removed, however slightly, from its former position; and it must be, at least momentarily, in the complete possession of the thief. See Larceny, and the Note under Robbery.

2. The thing stolen. [R.]

If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, . . . he shall restore double.

Ex. xxii. 4.

Theft"bote` (?), n. [Theft + bote compensation.] (Law) The receiving of a man's goods again from a thief, or a compensation for them, by way of composition, with the intent that the thief shall escape punishment.

Thegn (?), n. Thane. See Thane. E. A. Freeman.

Thegn"hood (?), n. Thanehood. E. A. Freeman.

The"i*form (?), a. [NL. thea tea, the tea plant + -form: cf. F. théiforme.] Having the form of tea.

The"ine (?), n. [F. théine, fr. NL. thea. See Theiform.] (Chem.) See Caffeine. Called also theina.

Their (?), pron. & a. [OE. thair, fr. Icel. þeirra, þeira, of them, but properly gen. pl. of the definite article; akin to AS. ðra, ðra, gen. pl. of the definite article, or fr. AS. ðra, influenced by the Scandinavian use. See That.] The possessive case of the personal pronoun they; as, their houses; their country.

The possessive takes the form theirs (&?;) when the noun to which it refers is not expressed, but implied or understood; as, our land is richest, but theirs is best cultivated.

Nothing but the name of zeal appears 'Twixt our best actions and the worst of theirs.

Denham.

The"ism (?), n. [From Gr. &?; God; probably akin to &?; to pray for, &?; spoken by God, decreed: cf. F. théisme. Cf. Enthusiasm, Pantheon, Theology.] The belief or acknowledgment of the existence of a God, as opposed to atheism, pantheism, or polytheism.

The"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. théiste. See Theism.] One who believes in the existence of a God; especially, one who believes in a personal God; — opposed to atheist.

{ The*is"tic (?), The*is"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to theism, or a theist; according to the doctrine of theists.

Thel*phu"si*an (?), n. [Gr. &?; nipple + &?; to blow, to puff.] (Zoöl.) One of a tribe of fresh-water crabs which live in or on the banks of rivers in tropical countries.

The*lyt"o*kous (th*lt"*ks), a. [Gr. qh^lys female + to`kos a bringing forth.] (Zoöl.) Producing females only; — said of certain female insects.

Them (m), pron. [AS. ðm, dat. pl. of the article, but influenced by the Scand. use of the corresponding form þeim as a personal pronoun. See They.] The objective case of they. See They.

Go ye rather to them that sell, and buy for yourselves.

Matt. xxv. 9.

Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father.

Matt. xxv. 34.

Them is poetically used for themselves, as him for himself, etc.

Little stars may hide them when they list.

Shak.

The*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. thématique.] 1. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to the theme of a word. See Theme, n., 4.

2. (Mus.) Of or pertaining to a theme, or subject.

Thematic catalogue (Mus.), a catalogue of musical works which, besides the title and other particulars, gives in notes the theme, or first few measures, of the whole work or of its several movements.

Theme (?), n. [OE. teme, OF. teme, F. thème, L. thema, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to set, place. See Do, and cf. Thesis.] 1. A subject or topic on which a person writes or speaks; a proposition for discussion or argument; a text.

My theme is alway one and ever was.

Chaucer.

And when a soldier was the theme, my name Was not far off.

Shak.

2. Discourse on a certain subject.

Then ran repentance and rehearsed his theme.

Piers Plowman.

It was the subject of my theme.

Shak.

3. A composition or essay required of a pupil. Locke.

4. (Gram.) A noun or verb, not modified by inflections; also, that part of a noun or verb which remains unchanged (except by euphonic variations) in declension or conjugation; stem.

5. That by means of which a thing is done; means; instrument. [Obs.] Swift.

6. (Mus.) The leading subject of a composition or a movement.

The"mis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; that which is laid down or established by usage, law, prob. fr. &?; to set, place.] (Gr. Myth.) The goddess of law and order; the patroness of existing rights.

Them*selves" (?), pron. The plural of himself, herself, and itself. See Himself, Herself, Itself.

Then (n), adv. [Originally the same word as than. See Than.] 1. At that time (referring to a time specified, either past or future).

And the Canaanite was then in the land.

Gen. xii. 6.

Now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known.

1 Cor. xiii. 12.

2. Soon afterward, or immediately; next; afterward.

First be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.

Matt. v. 24.

3. At another time; later; again.

One while the master is not aware of what is done, and then in other cases it may fall out to be own act.

L'Estrange.

By then. (a) By that time. (b) By the time that. [Obs.]

But that opinion, I trust, by then this following argument hath been well read, will be left for one of the mysteries of an indulgent Antichrist.

Milton.

Now and then. See under Now, adv. — Till then, until that time; until the time mentioned. Milton.

Then is often used elliptically, like an adjective, for then existing; as, the then administration.

Then (?), conj. 1. Than. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. In that case; in consequence; as a consequence; therefore; for this reason.

If all this be so, then man has a natural freedom.

Locke.

Now, then, be all thy weighty cares away.

Dryden.

Syn. — Therefore. Then, Therefore. Both these words are used in reasoning; but therefore takes the lead, while then is rather subordinate or incidental. Therefore states reasons and draws inferences in form; then, to a great extent, takes the point as proved, and passes on to the general conclusion. "Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God." Rom. v. 1. "So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God." Rom. x. 17.

Then"a*days (?), adv. At that time; then; in those days; — correlative to nowadays. [R.]