Part 8

+--------------------------+-----------------+-----+----------+-----------+----------+-------------+-------+----+--------+--------------------------+----------+--------+---------+-------+---------------------------------------------------+ | | | P | | | | | C | V | C | | | | | | | | | | e | | | | Ratio of | u | o | a | | | | | | | | | | r | | Candle- | Focal | Angular | r | l | r | | | |Elevation| Year | | | Name. | Characteristic. | i | Duration | power | Distance | Breadth of | r | t | b | Electric | Lamps. |Engines.| above | Estab-| Remarks. | | | | o | of Flash.| (Service | of Lens. | Panel to | e | a | o | Generators. | | | High |lished.| | | | | d | |Intensity).| |Whole Circle.| n | g | n | | | | Water. | | | | | | . | | | | | t | e | s | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | . | . | | | | | | | +--------------------------+-----------------+-----+----------+-----------+----------+-------------+-------+----+--------+--------------------------+----------+--------+---------+-------+---------------------------------------------------+ | | | | | Standard | | | | | | | | | | | | |UNITED KINGDOM-- | |Secs.| Secs. | Candles. | mm. | | Amps. | | mm. | | | | Feet. | | | | Souter Point | Single flash | 30 | 5 | | 500 | 1 : 8 | .. | 40 | 17 | Holmes machines, | Serrin | Steam | 150 | 1871 |Fixed light apparatus, with revolving vertical | | (Durham) | | | |\ C n | | | | | | alternating (400 revs.) | | | | | condensing lenses in eight panels. | | South Foreland | Single flash | 2.5| .35 || a o d | 700 | 1 : 16 | .. | 40 | 26 | do. | Serrin | Steam | 374 | 1904 |Lens elements only; 97° vertical angle. | | (Kent) | | | || n t e | | | | | | | | | | | (This apparatus was in use at St Catherine's, | | | | | || d t | | | | | | | | | | |1888 to 1904, and replaced the two fixed electric | | | | | || l o e | | | | | | | | | | |lights established in 1872.) | | Lizard | Single flash | 3 | .13 || e f r | 700 | 1 : 4 |145 for| 40 | 50 and | De Meritens alternators | Modified | Oil | 230 | 1903 | Mercury rotation; vertical angle, 139°. Replaced | | (Cornwall) | | | | > - f m | | | 50 mm.| | 60 | (600 revs.) | Berjot- | engines| | | the two fixed electric lights erected in | | | | | || p i i | | |carbons| | fluted | | Serrin | | | | 1878. | | St Catherine's | Single flash | 5 | .21 || o c n | 700 | 1 : 4 |145 for| 40 | 50 and | do. | do. |2 Steam,| 136 | 1904 |Mercury rotation; vertical angle, 139°. | | (Isle of Wight) | | | || w i e | | | 50 mm.| | 60 | | | each 50| | | | | | | | || e a d | | |carbons| | fluted | | | h.p. | | | | | Isle of May | 4 flash | 30 | .4 || r l . | 700 | 1 : 8 | 220 | 40 | 40 | do. | Berjot- | Steam | 240 | 1886 |Fixed light apparatus, with revolving vertical | | (Firth of Forth) | | | || l | (Fixed | | | | | | Serrin | | | | condensing lenses. | | | | | |/ y |apparatus)| | | | | | | | | | | |FRANCE-- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dunkerque | 2 flash | 10 | .2 to .4 | 3,500,000 | 300 | 1 : 12 | 30 | 45 | 14 and |2 De Meritens alternators,| Improved | 2 Semi-| 193 | 1902 |Twelve panels in groups of two. | | (Strait of Dover) | | | | to | | | and | | 18 | each of 5.5 k.w. | Serrin |portable| | | (This apparatus was in use at Barfleur, 1893 | | | | | | 6,500,000 | | | 60 | | | (550 revs.) | | steam, | | |to 1902.) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | each 30| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | i.h.p. | | | | | Calais | 4 flash | 15 | .75 | 900,000 | 300 | 1 : 24 | 60 | 45 | 18 | do. | French | do. | 190 | 1883 |Fixed light apparatus, with revolving vertical | | (Strait of Dover) | | | | | | | | | | | Service | | | | condensing prisms. | | [Les Baleines (1882) | | | | | | | | | | | pattern | | | | | | similar] | | | | | | | | | | | (1902) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cap Gris-nez | Single flash | 5 |.10 to .14| 15,000,000| 300 | 1 : 4 | 60 | 45 | 18 and | do. | do. | Steam | 233 | 1899 |Twin optic, mercury rotation. | | (Strait of Dover) | | | | to | | | to | | 28 | | | | | | (This light superseded a triple-flashing electric| | | | | | 30,000,000| | | 120 | | | | | | | |light, with intermediate red flash, of the Calais | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |type, established in 1885. The first installation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |of the electric light at this station was in 1869.)| | La Canche | 2 flash | 10 |.10 to .14| 15,000,000| 300 | 1 : 4 | 30 | 45 | 14 and | do. | do. | do. | 174 | 1900 |Twin optic, mercury rotation. | | (Strait of Dover) | | | | to | | | to | | 18 | | | | | | (This light superseded a fixed electric light | | | | | | 30,000,000| | | 60 | | | | | | | |established in 1884.) | | Cap de la Hève | Single flash | 5 |.10 to .14| 10,000,000| 300 | 1 : 4 | 60 | 45 | 18 and | De Meritens alternators | Improved | do. | 397 | 1893 | Mercury rotation. | | (Havre, English | | | | to | | | to | | 28 | (550 revs.) | Serrin | | | | (The first installation of electric light at this| | Channel) | | | | 20,000,000| | | 120 | | | | | | | |lighthouse was in 1863.) | | [Île d'Yeu in the Bay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | of Biscay (1895) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | similar] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Créac'h d'Ouessant | 2 flash | 10 |.10 to .14| 15,000,000| 300 | 1 : 4 | 60 | 45 | 18 and |2 De Meritens alternators,| French | do. | 225 | 1901 |Twin optic, mercury rotation. | | (Ushant) | | | | to | | | to | | 28 | each of 5.5 k.w. | Service | | | | (This light superseded a double-flashing | | [Barfleur (English | | | | 30,000,000| | | 120 | | | (550 revs.) | pattern | | | |electric light, similar to that now at Dunkerque, | | Channel) 1903, La | | | | | | | | | | | (1902) | | | |established in 1888.) | | Coubre (Bay of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Biscay) 1905, and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Belle Île (Bay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | of Biscay) 1903, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | similar] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Penmarc'h (Phare | Single flash | 5 |.10 to .14| 15,000,000| 300 | 1 : 4 | 30 | 45 | 14 and | Two-phase Labour alter- | do. | do. | 197 | 1897 |Twin optic, mercury rotation. | | d'Eckmühl) | | | | to | | | and | | 18 |nators (810 to 820 revs.) | | | | | | | (Finistère) | | | | 30,000,000| | | 60 | | | | | | | | | | Planier | Single flash | 5 |.10 to .14| 15,000,000| 300 | 1 : 4 | 30 | 45 |14 to 18| De Meritens alternators | do. | do. | 207 | 1902 |Twin optic, mercury rotation. | | (near Marseilles) | | | | to | | | to | | | (550 revs.) | | | | | (This light superseded an electric light estab- | | | | | | 30,000,000| | | 60 | | | | | | | |lished in 1881, showing a group of three white | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |flashes separated by one red flash of the Calais | |ITALY-- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |type.) | | Tino | 3 flash | 30 | 1.25 | Undeter- | 700 | 1 : 24 | 50 | 50 | 15 | do. | Berjot- | do. | 384 | 1885 |Eight panels of three lenses each, no mirror. | | (Gulf of Spezia) | | | | mined. | | | 110 | | 25 | (830 revs.) | Serrin | | | | | | | | | | | | | 200 | | 35 | | | | | | | |AMERICA-- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Navesink | Single flash | 5 | .08 | About | 700 | Nearly 1 : 2| Max. | 50 | 23 | Alternating dynamos | Modified | Oil, | 246 | 1898 |Mercury rotation. Bivalve of 165°. | | (Entrance to New | | | | 60,000,000| | | 100 | | | (800 revs.) | Serrin | each | | | | | York Bay) | | | | | | | | | | | (Ciolina)| 25 h.p.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |AUSTRALIA-- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Macquarie | Single flash | 60 | 8 | 5,000,000 | 920 | 1 : 16 | 55 | 50 | 15 | De Meritens alternators | Serrin | Gas | 345 | 1883 |16-panel revolving apparatus, with 180° fixed | | (Sydney, N.S.W.) | | | | | | | 110 | | 25 | (600 revs.) | | | | | mirror. | +--------------------------+-----------------+-----+----------+-----------+----------+-------------+-------+----+--------+--------------------------+----------+--------+---------+-------+---------------------------------------------------+

TABLE VII.--_Typical Non-Electric Lighthouse Apparatus._