Chapter IV
. may give a probable idea of what the Roman meant when he spoke of an _urceus_ or an _olla_, but for the rest the modern investigator can do little beyond attempting to point out what types of vases were peculiar to different periods or fabrics, and in most cases any attempt to give specific names can only be regarded as arbitrary.
-----
Footnote 3080:
_H.N._ xxxiii. 154 ff.: see below, p. 489.
Footnote 3081:
_Vases ornés de la Gaule Romaine_, i. p. 190 ff.
Footnote 3082:
The term is applied to clay suited to receive stamps (_sigilla_) or impressions.
Footnote 3083:
Déchelette, _Vases ornés de la Gaule Romaine_, ii. p. 335.
Footnote 3084:
_Ibid._ i. p. 41 ff.
Footnote 3085:
_Der Stil_, ii. p. 148.
Footnote 3086:
_Bonner Jahrbücher_, xcvi. p. 20.
Footnote 3087:
In the case of fragment No. 3 the clay and lime could not be differentiated.
Footnote 3088:
In the case of fragments 2 and 5 no definite general result was obtained.
Footnote 3089:
Brongniart, _Traité_, i. p. 421; Blümner, _Technologie_, ii. p. 91. See also _Handbook to Collection of Pottery in the Museum of Practical Geology_, 1893, p. 65, for an analysis made on a fragment of glazed red ware by Dr. Percy:
Silica 54·45 Alumina 22·08 Peroxide of iron 7·31 Lime 9·76 Magnesia 1·67 Potash 3·22 Soda 1·76 ——— 100·25 ======
Footnote 3090:
_Storia degli ant. vast aretini_, p. 65.
Footnote 3091:
_Ueber die rothe Topferwaare_, p. 16.
Footnote 3092:
Brongniart, _Traité_, i. p. 423; Déchelette, ii. p. 339.
Footnote 3093:
Blümner, _Technol._ ii. p. 91.
Footnote 3094:
_Op. cit._ i. p. 381: cf. Blümner, ii. p. 64.
Footnote 3095:
_Roman Art in Cirencester_, p. 77.
Footnote 3096:
Plaut. _Epid._ iii. 2, 35; Pliny, _H.N._ vii. 198.
Footnote 3097:
_Art. Poet._ 21.
Footnote 3098:
_Sat._ ii. 7, 86.
Footnote 3099:
ii. 3, 48.
Footnote 3100:
_Capt._ ii. 3, 9; Persius, iii. 23; Avianus, _Fab._ 41, 9.
Footnote 3101:
Shakespeare, 1 _Henry VI._, Act 1, scene 5, line 19.
Footnote 3102:
Smith, _Dict. of Antiqs._[3312] i. p. 844: see below, p. 480; also Vol. I. p. 207.
Footnote 3103:
_Vases ornés_, ii. p. 338.
Footnote 3104:
See Brongniart, _Traité_, i. p. 423 ff.; Blümner, _Technol._ ii. p. 106; Von Hefner, in _Oberbayr. Archiv für vaterl. Gesch._ xxii. (1863), pp. 23, 35; and _Röm. Mitth._ 1897, p. 286.
Footnote 3105:
See Fabroni, _Storia degli vasi aretini_, pl. 5, fig. 4.
Footnote 3106:
_Handbook to Mus._ (1891), p. 111.
Footnote 3107:
Brongniart and Riocreux, _Mus. de Sèvres_, pp. 16, 128. For Cerialis see p. 536 and _C.I.L._ xiii. 10010, 544; for Cobnertus, _ibid._ 592, and Déchelette, i. p. 179.
Footnote 3108:
_Oberbayr. Archiv für vaterl. Gesch._ xxii. (1863), pp. 23, 24.
Footnote 3109:
Blümner, _Technologie_, ii. p. 104, fig. 21; _Brit. Arch. Assoc. Journ._ iv. p. 19. Déchelette states that about fifty in all are known (_op. cit._ i. p. 337).
Footnote 3110:
Brongniart, _Traité_, i. p. 424, pl. 30; _Mus. de Sèvres_, p. 128, and pl. 9, fig. 8.
Footnote 3111:
_Oberbayr. Archiv_, 1863, p. 24.
Footnote 3112:
Examples of this technique often occur in Gaul and Britain: see Déchelette, ii. p. 169 ff., and cf. Roach-Smith, _Ill. Rom. Lond._ p. 91, and a fine vase from Felixstowe in the British Museum. See also Plate LXIX. fig. 2, and p. 529.
Footnote 3113:
See below, p. 530, and Déchelette, ii. p. 235 ff.
Footnote 3114:
Blümner, _Technol._ ii. p. 112.
Footnote 3115:
_E.g._ Blümner, _Technol._ ii. pp. 106, 107, figs. 22, 23.
Footnote 3116:
_Gaz. Arch._ 1881-82, p. 17; Brongniart, _Traité_, pl. 30, figs. 2-4: see also Déchelette, i. p. 141 ff., and below, p. 525 ff.
Footnote 3117:
Cf. Déchelette in _Revue des Études Anciens_, v. (1903), p. 42.
Footnote 3118:
Blümner, ii. p. 110, fig. 25: cf. Von Hefner in _Oberbayr. Archiv_, 1863, p. 56; Fabroni, _Storia degli antichi vasi aretini_, pls. 3, 5, p. 63.
Footnote 3119:
Blümner, ii. p. 111; Daremberg and Saglio, ii. _art._ Figlinum, p. 1130.
Footnote 3120:
Cf. von Hefner in _Oberbayr. Archiv für vaterl. Gesch._ xxii. (1863), p. 55.
Footnote 3121:
_Vases ornés_, ii. p. 312.
Footnote 3122:
Mau-Kelsey, _Pompeii_, p. 386; _Bull. dell’ Inst._ 1875. p. 192; _Mon. Antichi_, i. pl. 8, 7, p. 282.
Footnote 3123:
_Oberbayr. Archiv für vaterl. Gesch._ xxii. (1863), p. 56 ff.: see also Blümner, ii. p. 23 ff., and Daremberg and Saglio, ii. _art._ Figlinum.
Footnote 3124:
_Bullet. Arch._ 1898, p. 18 ff., and _Mélanges Gallo-romaines_, ii. (1902), p. 93 ff.
Footnote 3125:
Brongniart, i. p. 439.
Footnote 3126:
_Rev. Arch._ xviii. (1868), pl. 23, p. 297.
Footnote 3127:
See for a full account of the last-named Von Hefner in _op. cit._ p. 8 ff., p. 56, pl. 4.
Footnote 3128:
See _Ann. dell’ Inst._ 1882, pl. U, to which the letters in the cut refer. Other kilns found at Heddernheim are described in _Westdeutsche Zeitschrift_, xviii. (1899), p. 215 ff.
Footnote 3129:
See Haverfield in _Victoria County Hist. of Northants_, i. pp. 167, 207 ff.
Footnote 3130:
_Journ. Brit. Arch. Assoc._ i. p. 1 ff., ii. p. 164: see also Wright, _Celt, Roman, and Saxon_^1, p. 264 ff.; Roach-Smith, _Coll. Antiq._ iv. p. 81, vi. p. 181 ff.
Footnote 3131:
No. 958, fol. 105; reproduced by Roach-Smith, _Collect. Antiq._ vi. pl. 37, fig. 4, and _Ill. Rom. Lond._ p. 79; _Proc. Soc. Antiqs._ 2nd Ser. xvi. p. 42.
Footnote 3132:
_Proc. Soc. Antiqs._ xvii. 1898, p. 262.
Footnote 3133:
_Ibid._ xvi. (1895), p. 40.
Footnote 3134:
_Vict. County Hist. of Norfolk_, i. p. 291, fig. 7: see below, p. 449.
Footnote 3135:
_Op. cit._ i. p. 314.
Footnote 3136:
_Ibid._ p. 322.
Footnote 3137:
_Archaeologia_, xxxv. p. 91; _Vict. County Hist. of Hants_, i. p. 326.
Footnote 3138:
Roach-Smith, _Collect. Antiq._ vi. p. 191 ff.; _Vict. County Hist. of Hants_, i. p. 306.
Footnote 3139:
Roach-Smith, _op. cit._ ii. p. 38; vii. p. 1 ff., pls. 1-3.
Footnote 3140:
Wright, _Celt, Roman, and Saxon_^1, p. 264 ff., and Haverfield in _Vict. County Hist. of Northants_, give the most satisfactory epitomes of Artis’ descriptions.
Footnote 3141:
Cato, _Agricult._ 38.
Footnote 3142:
Cf. Von Hefner, _op. cit._ pl. 4, 28-31: see also _Arch. Journ._ vii. p. 176, and an example from Switzerland in the British Museum (Romano-British Collection).
Footnote 3143:
See also Déchelette, ii. p. 341.
Footnote 3144:
See Haverfield in _Vict. County Hist. of Northants_, i. p. 207.
Footnote 3145:
_Traité_, i. p. 426.
Footnote 3146:
_Vict. County Hist. of Northants_, i. p. 209.
Footnote 3147:
See Haverfield, _op. cit._ p. 210, fig. 31.
Footnote 3148:
Haverfield, _ibid._; _Handbook of Pottery in Mus. of Pract. Geol._ 1893, p. 71.
Footnote 3149:
_Archaeologia_, xxii. pl. 36, p. 413; _Vict. County Hist._ i. p. 291.
Footnote 3150:
See Brongniart, _Traité_, i. p. 428, pl. 1; Artis, _Durobrivae_, pl. 27, figs. 3 and 6; Daremberg and Saglio _s.v._ Fornax, figs. 3201-02.
Footnote 3151:
Brongniart, i. p. 429.
Footnote 3152:
Von Hefner in _Oberbayr. Archiv_ (1863), p. 58.
Footnote 3153:
Cf. Tibull. i. 1, 38:
“Nec e puris spernere fictilibus. Fictilia antiquus primum sibi fecit agrestis Pocula de facili composuitque luto.”
Footnote 3154:
_Sat._ ii. 60.
Footnote 3155:
_Sat._ vi. 342.
Footnote 3156:
_Sat._ iii. 168.
Footnote 3157:
Florus, i. 18, 22.
Footnote 3158:
Pliny, _H.N._ xxxiii. 142.
Footnote 3159:
_Ep._ 95, 72.
Footnote 3160:
_Apud_ Athen. vi. 229 D. He uses the curious expression, κέραμος ἀργυροῦς, which, as in the use of the word κέραμος for marble tiles (Vol. I. p. 100), implies the antiquity of the use of fictile ware. See the next note.
Footnote 3161:
vi. 229 C, where the use of κέραμος or dinner-service is discussed.
Footnote 3162:
iv. 72, 131: cf. Mart. xiii. 81.
Footnote 3163:
Suet. _Vit. Vitell._ 13 (_clypeum Minervae_, αἰγίδα πολιούχου).
Footnote 3164:
Pliny, _H.N._ xxxv. 164.
Footnote 3165:
_Ibid._ 163.
Footnote 3166:
iv. 88.
Footnote 3167:
_Capt._ ii. 2, 41.
Footnote 3168:
Virg. _Georg._ ii. 351.
Footnote 3169:
Orelli, _Inser._ 4544; Gruter 607, 1; and see _C.I.L._ i. p 209.
Footnote 3170:
See above, p. 351; and cf. _Archaeologia_, xxv. p. 1 ff.
Footnote 3171:
_C.I.L._ vii. 1335, 1. The vase is now at Clare College, Cambridge.
Footnote 3172:
_H.N._ xxxv. 160 (_fictilibus soliis_).
Footnote 3173:
_Arch. Journ._ x. (1853), p. 230.
Footnote 3174:
_Archaeologia_, xiv. pl. 6, p. 37 (in B.M.).
Footnote 3175:
_Arch. Journ._, _loc. cit._
Footnote 3176:
_Ill. Rom. Lond._ p. 88, and see p. 550.
Footnote 3177:
v. 5, 8.
Footnote 3178:
_Quaest. Nat._ vi. 19: cf. Arist. _Probl._ xi. 8, and Pliny, _H.N._ xi. 270, _doliis inanibus_.
Footnote 3179:
Krause, _Angeiologie_, pp. 126, 463.
Footnote 3180:
See Middleton, _Remains of Ancient Rome_, ii. p. 56.
Footnote 3181:
Middleton, _loc. cit._
Footnote 3182:
Nissen, _Pompeian. Studien_, p. 64.
Footnote 3183:
Nissen, _ibid._
Footnote 3184:
See _Yorks. Arch. Journ._ iii. p. 1 ff., xv. p. 303; _Trans. Roy. Inst. of Brit. Architects_, 1881-2, p. 65 ff.; _Journ. Brit. Arch. Assoc._ xxxv. p. 95, xxxviii. p. 218.
Footnote 3185:
xii. 18.
Footnote 3186:
Brongniart, _Traité_, i. p. 407 ff.
Footnote 3187:
ix. 58.
Footnote 3188:
_Bull. Arch. Nap._ N.S. vii. 1859, p. 84; _C.I.L._ x. 8047, 10, 18.
Footnote 3189:
Capitolinus, _Vit. Anton. Pii_, 3.
Footnote 3190:
Varro _ap._ Non. p. 26; Paul, _ex_ Fest. p. 46 (Müller).
Footnote 3191:
Columella, xii. 28, 1; Plaut. _Capt._ iv. 4, 9 (“preserve-jar”).
Footnote 3192:
Isid. _Etym._ xx. 6.
Footnote 3193:
_Agricult._ 39.
Footnote 3194:
_H.N._ xviii. 236.
Footnote 3195:
_Bull. dell’ Inst._ 1846, p. 34.
Footnote 3196:
Marini, _Inscr. Ant. Doliari_, p. 406, No. 2.
Footnote 3197:
Marini, No. 4.
Footnote 3198:
See Fig. 22, Vol. I. p. 154.
Footnote 3199:
_Formen der röm. Thongef._ p. 16, pls. 1-8.
Footnote 3200:
Cf. Koenen, _Gefässkunde_, pls. 10-12.
Footnote 3201:
_Od._ i. 9, 7.
Footnote 3202:
Pliny, _H.N._ xiv. 135.
Footnote 3203:
Cf. Jahn, _Wandgem. d. Villa Pamph._ pl. 5, p. 42.
Footnote 3204:
See Hultsch, _Metrologie_, p. 113.
Footnote 3205:
_Recueil_, p. 46.
Footnote 3206:
Roach-Smith, _Ill. Rom. Lond._ p. 87; _Collect. Antiq._ ii. p. 26.
Footnote 3207:
General reference may be made to the various volumes of the Latin _Corpus_, under the headings _Instrumentum Domesticum_, sub-heading _Vascula_, e.g. vii. 1331 for those found in Britain; for examples from Spain see _Arch. Journ._ lvi. p. 299.
Footnote 3208:
_C.I.L._ vii. 1331, 22, xiii. 10005, 25; Steiner, _Cod. Inscr. Rom. Danubii et Rheni_, ii. pp. 271, 287; and see generally _C.I.L._ xiii.
## part 3, No. 10002.
Footnote 3209:
_C.I.L._ vii. 1331, 6, 13.
Footnote 3210:
_C.I.L._ x. 8056, 260.
Footnote 3211:
_Ibid._ iv. 2555.
Footnote 3212:
_Ibid._ vii. 1332, 1.
Footnote 3213:
_Ibid._ viii. 10477, 1.
Footnote 3214:
_Ibid._ iv. 2552.
Footnote 3215:
See Vol. I. p. 158.
Footnote 3216:
_C.I.L._ x. 8055, 11; iv. 2584, 2616: cf. Vol. I. p. 158.
Footnote 3217:
_C.I.L._ iv. 2603: cf. Pliny, _H.N._ xiv. 75.
Footnote 3218:
_C.I.L._ iv. 2555.
Footnote 3219:
_Ibid._ 2625.
Footnote 3220:
_Ibid._ 2589-94, 2575 ff. On inscribed amphorae from Pompeii see also Mau-Kelsey, _Pompeii_, p. 505.
Footnote 3221:
Doni, p. lxxxvi. Found on the Aventine, now in the Museo Kircheriano.
Footnote 3222:
_Ber. d. sächs. Gesellsch._ 1857, p. 199.
Footnote 3223:
_C.I.L._ xv. pt. 2, No. 4719.
Footnote 3224:
_Ibid._ iv. 2584.
Footnote 3225:
_Poen._ iv. 2, 14: _literatas fictiles epistolas_; the double play on the words cannot be expressed in English.
Footnote 3226:
_Rud._ ii. 5, 21.
Footnote 3227:
v. 33.
Footnote 3228:
Cf. also Plaut. _Amph._ i. 1, 273; Virg. _Aen._ i. 195 (for the wine of Acestes).
Footnote 3229:
_Od._ iv. 11, 2; 12, 17.
Footnote 3230:
i. 19, 2: cf. Juv. vi. 344, and p. 477.
Footnote 3231:
i. 56; iv. 66.
Footnote 3232:
x. 36.
Footnote 3233:
Mart. i. 44, 8; Pliny, _H.N._ xviii. 307.
Footnote 3234:
_H.N._ xv. 82.
Footnote 3235:
Mart. vi. 27, 6.
Footnote 3236:
_H.N._ xiv. 96; Isid. _Etym._ xvi. 26, 13.
Footnote 3237:
Hor. _Sat._ ii. 4, 66; Varro, _R.R._ i. 13, 6; Isid. _Etym._ xx. 6.
Footnote 3238:
As often by Virgil and Ovid, usually in the form _cratera_: cf. Isid. _Etym._ xx. 5.
Footnote 3239:
_Fasti_, v. 522.
Footnote 3240:
Hor. _Sat._ ii. 8, 39; Cic. _in Verr._ iv. 27, 62.
Footnote 3241:
Cic. _de Fin._ iii. 4, 15; Varro, _R.R._ i. 8, 5.
Footnote 3242:
Hor. _Sat._ i. 6, 109: see also Juv. _Sat._ vi. 426; Persius, v. 140; Isid. _Etym._ xx. 6.
Footnote 3243:
Cic. _in Vatin._ 14, 34; Lucan, v. 394: cf. Marquardt, _Privataltert._ vii. p. 629, note 3.
Footnote 3244:
_In Verr._ ii. 51, 127: cf. Plutarch, _Vit. T. Gracch._ 11; also Isid. _Etym._ xx. 6: _Vasis genus aquatilis_.
Footnote 3245:
See Orelli, 4546, and for _urna_, Suet. _Calig._ 15; Lucan, vii. 819; Ovid, _passim_.
Footnote 3246:
Plaut. _Cas._ ii. 6, 11; Livy, xxv. 3. 16.
Footnote 3247:
_Etym._ xx. 6.
Footnote 3248:
Cf. Caes. _Bell. Civ._ ii. 11; Lucan, iv. 420.
Footnote 3249:
Paul, _ex_ Fest. _ed._ Müller, p. 63, 12.
Footnote 3250:
Plaut. _Curc._ i. 1, 75; _Rud._ v. 2, 32; and see Virg. _Ecl._ vii. 33; Varro, _L.L._ v. 123.
Footnote 3251:
Plaut. _Stich._ ii. 2, 28; Cato, _Agricult._ 11; Varro, _Re Rust._ i. 22: cf. Juv. v. 47 for _nasus_, applied to a cup.
Footnote 3252:
_Ad Fam._ vii. 29: cf. also Plaut. _Aulul._ iv. 2, 15; Pers. iii. 22.
Footnote 3253:
Plaut. _Amph._ i. 1, 273; Cato, _Agricult._ 81; Varro, _ap._ Non. 546, 23.
Footnote 3254:
Martial, xiv. 106; Juv. iii. 203 (_urceoli sex_); Varro, _R.R._ i. 22; Treb. Poll. _Vit. Claud._ 17; Plaut. _Merc._ v. 2, 86; _id._ _Pers._ i. 3, 43; Cic. _Fin._ iv. 12, 30.
Footnote 3255:
Hor. _A.P._ 97: cf. the ληκύθιον episode in the _Frogs_ (Vol. I. p. 196); also the word _ampullari_.
Footnote 3256:
Plin. _Ep._ iv. 30, 6; Mart. xiv. 110.
Footnote 3257:
_Florida_, ii. 9, 2: cf. the terracotta vessels with reliefs in the British Museum, D 204-5; also _Mus. Greg._ i. pl. 10; Micali, _Mon. Ined._ pl. 52. Isidorus derives the word from _ampla bulla_, in reference to its rotund form (_Etym._ xx. 5).
Footnote 3258:
_Rev. Arch._ xviii. (1868), pl. 22, p. 225.
Footnote 3259:
Mart. vii. 61, 5.
Footnote 3260:
Hor. _Ep._ ii. 2, 134.
Footnote 3261:
Cf. the episode in Petronius, _Sat._ 22.
Footnote 3262:
Pliny, _H.N._ xvi. 128.
Footnote 3263:
Pliny, _Ep._ i. 6: cf. Juv. xii. 60.
Footnote 3264:
Juv. viii. 161.
Footnote 3265:
Hor. _Sat._ ii. 8, 41.
Footnote 3266:
_C.I.L._ xiii. 10008, 4.
Footnote 3267:
Hor. _Od._ iii. 8, 13; 19, 12.
Footnote 3268:
i. 71: cf. viii. 51, 21; ix. 95; xi. 37; Hor. _Od._ iii. 19, 11 ff.
Footnote 3269:
See Varro, _L.L._ v. 122; Isid. _Etym._ xx. 5, where the derivation from _potare_ is given.
Footnote 3270:
Virg. _Ecl._ vi. 17; Plaut. _Asin._ v. 2, 56; Hor. _Od._ i. 20, 2; and see Daremberg and Saglio, _s.v._
Footnote 3271:
See Macrob. v. 21.
Footnote 3272:
Hor. _Od._ i. 27, 1; _Epod._ ix. 33; Isid. _Etym._ xx. 6, describes it as a wash-hand basin.
Footnote 3273:
Plaut. _Stich._ v. 4, 11; Cic. _in Verr._ iv. 17, 37 and 24, 54.
Footnote 3274:
Mart. viii. 6, 2; Isid. _Etym._ xx. 5.
Footnote 3275:
_Od._ ii. 7, 22.
Footnote 3276:
Porphyrion _ad_ Hor. _loc. cit._
Footnote 3277:
Plaut. _Stich._ v. 4, 12.
Footnote 3278:
_Id. Rud._ v. 2, 32.
Footnote 3279:
Cic. _Tusc._ iii. 19, 46.
Footnote 3280:
Isid. _Etym._ xx. 5.
Footnote 3281:
xi. 145.
Footnote 3282:
ix. 60, 22.
Footnote 3283:
Varro, _L.L._ v. 127; Ovid, _Fast._ v. 509.
Footnote 3284:
_Ep._ 119, 3.
Footnote 3285:
Hor. _Sat._ ii. 4, 41; Juv. v. 80.
Footnote 3286:
Hor. _Sat._ i. 3, 80; ii. 2, 95; ii. 8, 43, 55.
Footnote 3287:
Suet. _Vitell._ 17: cf. 13.
Footnote 3288:
Isid. _Etym._ xx. 4: _dispansis patentibusque oris_.
Footnote 3289:
Phaedr. i. 26.
Footnote 3290:
Hor. _Sat._ i. 3, 90; ii. 4, 75; i. 6, 115; _Ep._ i. 5, 2.
Footnote 3291:
Juv. iii. 142; Mart. xi. 28; Alciphr. _Ep._ iii. 20; Isid. _Etym._ xx. 4.
Footnote 3292:
xi. 32, 18: cf. vii. 47, 3. Isidorus, _Etym._ xx. 4, says _gabata_ = _cavata_.
Footnote 3293:
xiii. 81; v. 79, 7: see Isid. _Etym._ xx. 8.
Footnote 3294:
Hor. _Sat._ ii. 4, 77; Pers. v. 182; Isid. _Etym._ xx. 6. For other uses see Juv. xi. 108; Pliny, _H.N._ xxxiii. 69. Isidorus says _catinum_ is a better form.
Footnote 3295:
Isid. _Etym._ xx. 4.
Footnote 3296:
Hor. _Sat._ ii. 4, 75.
Footnote 3297:
Hor. _Od._ ii. 7, 23; _Sat._ i. 3, 14.
Footnote 3298:
Hor. _Sat._ ii. 8, 86.
Footnote 3299:
_Sat._ i. 6, 118.
Footnote 3300:
Juv. iii. 263; xi. 158: cf. Vol. I. pp. 200, 211, 503.
Footnote 3301:
_Collect. Antiq._ v. p. 8.
Footnote 3302:
Catull. 94, 2; Juv. xiv. 171. For examples of _ollae_, see Overbeck, _Pompeii_, p. 414, Daremberg and Saglio, _s.v._, and Pl. LXIX. fig. 2; see also pp. 389, 456, 550. Isidorus expressly states that it was used for boiling water (_Etym._ xx. 8).
Footnote 3303:
vi. 430. Isidorus (_Etym._ xx. 6) derives it from _pedes_.
Footnote 3304:
Cato, R.R. 157; Plant. _Pers._ i. 3, 8.
Footnote 3305:
Isid. _Etym._ xx. 8.
Footnote 3306:
Varro _ap._ Non. p. 19, 14.
Footnote 3307:
Cf. _B.M. Cat. of Bronzes_, Nos. 2461-2465; also Déchelette, _Vases de la Gaule Romaine_, ii. p. 316.
Footnote 3308:
Varro _ap._ Non. 547, 12; Pliny, _H.N._ xxxvii. 18; Livy, x. 7, 10; Cic. _Rep._ vi. 2, 11; _id._ _Parad._ i. 2, 11.
Footnote 3309:
_De Nat. Deor._ iii. 17, 43.
Footnote 3310:
The word is only given by Festus (p. 248, Müller).
Footnote 3311:
Varro _ap._ Non. 547, 19.
Footnote 3312:
Paul, _ex_ Fest. p. 89, 4, with Müller’s note.
Footnote 3313:
Paul, _ex_ Fest. p. 51, 1.
Footnote 3314:
Varro, _L.L._ v. 124; Paul, _ex_ Fest. p. 337, 10 (non dissimile cyatho).
Footnote 3315:
Varro _ap._ Non. 544, 23; Cic. _Rep._ vi. 2, 11; Juv. vi. 343.
Footnote 3316:
Cic. _Legg._ iii. 16, 36.
Footnote 3317:
_H.N._ xxxv. 158. An example of a bronze _simpulum_ may be seen in the Bronze Room of the British Museum (Case E).
Footnote 3318:
Virg. _Georg._ ii. 394.
Footnote 3319:
_Id._ _Aen._ iii. 66; Varro, _L.L._ v. 124.
Footnote 3320:
Varro, _L.L._ v. 122; Virg. _Aen._ i. 729.
Footnote 3321:
See Isid. _Etym._ xx. 5, who suggests a derivation from _patere_, “quod patentes sunt dispansisque labris.”
Footnote 3322:
Ov. _Fast._ ii. 634; Juv. v. 85: cf. Plaut. _Cist._ ii. 1, 46.
Footnote 3323:
Paul, _ex_ Fest. p. 247, Müll.; Varro, 544, 19 (_ap._ Non.).
Footnote 3324:
Paul, _ex_ Fest. p. 160.
Footnote 3325:
Digest, xxxiv. 2, 19, § 12.
Footnote 3326:
Varro _ap._ Non. 547, 14.
Footnote 3327:
_H.N._ vii. 185; Petron. 42; Colum. xii. 43, 7; Pallad. _Agric._ vii. 7; Cels. 2, 11.
Footnote 3328:
V. 148: see also Tert. _Apol._ 13; Varro _ap._ Non. 146, 8; 545, 2.
Footnote 3329:
Cato, _R.R._ 57; Livy, xxv. 2, 8; Pliny, _H.N._ xiv. 85, 144. For a bronze _congius_ representing the standard measure see Hultsch, _Metrologie_, p. 123; also Daremberg and Saglio, _s.v._ On Roman metrology generally see Krause, _Angeiol._ p. 454, and Hultsch, _op. cit._ p. 112 ff.
Footnote 3330:
_Die Formen der röm. Thongefässe, diesseits und jenseits der Alpen_ (Stuttgart, 1897). For the forms peculiar to the ornamented wares, reference should be made to Dragendorff’s article in _Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. pls. 1-3, and Déchelette, _Vases de la Gaule Romaine_, _passim._
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