Chapter XXI

., p. 448, produced by a deposit of carbon, by the process known as “smothering”; it varies in quality, being either dark without any metallic lustre, or with a metalloid polish resembling that produced with black-lead.

The date of the Castor ware is difficult to ascertain, but it must begin fairly early in the Roman period, on account of its affinities with late Celtic pottery. Déchelette (ii. p. 310) would date the ware towards the end of the third century. As has already been pointed out (p. 536), it is only the elements of the decoration that are classical; they are treated in a rude, debased manner, with the free unconventional handling characteristic of barbaric art. “They are not an imitation, but a recasting” according to the traditions of late Celtic or Gaulish art,[3613] such as is displayed, for instance, in the ancient British and Gallic coinage. The fantastic animals, the treatment of the scrolls, and the dividing ornaments of beading, etc., between the subjects are essentially unclassical. Potters’ stamps on this ware are exceedingly rare, an almost isolated instance being CAMARO · F on a vase found at Lincoln.[3614]

Two other local varieties of black ware peculiar to Britain are those known respectively as Upchurch and New Forest ware. Although no remains of kilns have been found in the former district, the pottery is obviously local, and its manufacture appears to have extended along the banks of the Medway from Rainham to Iwade, over what are now marshes, but was then firm ground. The remains consist of a thin finely-moulded bluish-black fabric, with graceful and varied forms, ornamented with groups of small knobs in bands, squares, circles, wavy, intersecting, or zigzag lines, or a characteristic pattern of concentric semi-circles resting on bands of parallel vertical lines (Plate LXIX. fig. 6). This ware has also been found on the Continent, and may either have been exported or else made in other places besides Upchurch; it is probably of quite late date.[3615]

The clay is soft and easily scratched, and is covered with a polish or lustre produced by friction; the composition is fine, and the walls thin and well turned. It varies in tone from greyish, like that of London clay, to a dull black. The vases are mostly small (cups, bottles, jugs, small jars, and occasional _mortaria_), and some have ribbed sides; the ornamentation is always either in the form of impressed lines or raised patterns made by applying pieces of clay before the vase was baked. No potters’ stamps have come to light, nor is this ware found with coins or other Roman remains. Rough earthenware was also made in the Medway district, of a red, yellow, or stone colour.

The New Forest ware is found in the north-west part of the Forest, between Fordingbridge and Bramshaw.[3616] It is sometimes spoken of as “Crockhill ware,” from the local name of the site of the furnaces, of which traces were found in 1852. The pottery consists of two varieties, one of thin, hard, slate-coloured ware, with patterns of leaves or grass painted in white (Plate LXIX. fig. 5); these are small jars, averaging six inches in height, sometimes moulded by the potter’s thumb into an undulating circumference. There are points of resemblance with the Castor ware. The other variety consists of a thicker ware, with a dull white-yellowish ground and coarse foliated patterns painted in red or brown, usually platters or dishes. It is a rude and inartistic fabric, of obviously native origin and resembling Celtic rather than any Roman or Italian pottery. It is found on other sites in Hampshire, such as Bitterne (Clausentum), and even as far north as Oxford.[3617] The date is probably the third century of our era. With the kilns there were found heaps of potsherds which had been spoiled in the baking and rejected; they were vitrified so as to resemble stoneware, and when again submitted to the action of fire, cracked and split. The glaze with which the local blue clay had been covered was of a dark-red colour and alkaline nature, but had probably been affected by imperfect firing.

5. PLAIN ROMAN WARES

The plain unornamented and unglazed Roman pottery which answered to the modern earthenware has usually been considered by writers on the subject in a different category from the glazed and ornamented wares. Although from the very simplicity of its character it defies scientific classification, yet it must be remembered that this common ware was not likely to have been exported very far from the place of its origin, and therefore where any differences can be observed in the nature or appearance of the clay, in peculiarities of form or of technique, it is not impossible to establish the existence of a local fabric. But up to the present little has been done except in isolated instances. Certain local wares have been recognised in Britain, as will be noted below, besides the Castor, Upchurch, and New Forest wares, some of which almost come under this heading; and others, again, in Gaul. Similarly in Germany, attempts have been made by Koenen and other writers to classify the plain pottery whether according to form or on other principles (see above, p. 536).

Many years ago a rough but in some respects convenient classification was made by Brongniart[3618] on the basis of the colour of the clay employed, which he distinguished under four heads: (1) pale yellow or white wares; (2) red wares, varying to reddish-brown; (3) grey or ash-coloured wares; (4) black wares. In the first division he included the large, often coarse, vases, such as the _dolia_ and _amphorae_; under the second head Roman ware of the first century, and under the third that of subsequent date; while the fourth class comprised Gallo-Roman and other provincial wares. A somewhat similar system, in some respects even less chronological, was attempted by Buckman,[3619] who distinguished brown ware as a separate fabric. The obvious defect of these systems is that they are neither chronological nor according to fabrics, and that their basis is in many respects a purely accidental one; but at the same time they have proved convenient for discussing plain ware which does not admit of much consideration apart from its forms and the general appearance of its composition. And at all events they enable us to discuss examples of certain shapes under one head, inasmuch as the _amphorae_ and _dolia_ are nearly all of the first class, the _mortaria_ or _pelves_ of the third, cups, dishes, and flasks of the second and fourth, and so on.

The yellow ware[3620] is distinguished by its coarse clay, of a greyish-white or yellow colour, varying to dirty white, grey, or red. It is to this division that all the larger vases belong, such as those used for storing wine and other commodities or for funerary purposes, and the innumerable fragments of _dolia_ and _amphorae_ which compose the Monte Testaccio at Rome.[3621] Some of these vases were made on the wheel, but others were modelled by hand and turned from within. Those used in burial were usually of a globular form, or even _dolia_ with the necks and handles broken off, and contained cinerary urns and glass vessels. We also find _lagenae_, _trullae_ (saucepans), and _mortaria_ made in this ware. Another remarkable variety may be described as a kind of _olla_; its peculiarity is that it is modelled in the form of a human head, much in the same style as the primitive vases of Troy (Vol. I. p. 258). A vase of this type found at Bootham, near Lincoln, had painted on the foot D(_e_)O MIIRCVRIO, “To the god Mercury,“ in brown letters.[3622] The clay is light yellow, with a slip of the same colour.

A finer variety of this clay, often of a rosy tint, or white and micaceous, was used for making the smaller vases, which are thin and light, and all turned on the wheel.[3623] They are sometimes ornamented with bands, lines, hatching, or leaves, slightly indicated in dull ochre, laid on and fired with the vase. Some specimens are covered with a flat white slip, of a more uniform character than that employed on the Athenian vases. In others the clay is largely mixed with grains of quartz. In Britain little jars of a very white clay have sometimes been found, as well as small bottles and dishes, painted inside with patterns in a dull red or brown. They seem to have formed a kind of finer ware for ornamental purposes, as well as for the table.

The second class, that of the red wares, forms by far the largest division of Roman plain pottery, and comprises most of the kinds used for domestic purposes; it is found in all forms and sizes, all over Europe, often covered with a coating or slip, white, black, or red. This class may be considered to include all varieties of red and reddish-brown ware, but as a rule the clay varies in colour from pale rose to deep coral, and in quality from a coarse gritty composition to a fine compact and homogeneous paste. It is usually without a glaze, and sometimes the clay is largely micaceous. To enumerate all the shapes which illustrate this ware is unnecessary, but the Romano-British and Morel Collections in the British Museum—and in fact any representative collection of Roman pottery—exhibit all the principal varieties, from the cinerary urn to the so-called “tear-bottle” or unguent vase. The principal shapes are also illustrated in the treatises of Hölder and Koenen.

Among sepulchral vases of this ware were the _ollae_ in which the ashes of slaves were placed in the _columbaria_ at Rome, tall jars with moulded rims and flat saucer-shaped covers.[3624] In Roman tombs in Gaul and Britain these _ollae_ are usually placed inside large _dolia_ or amphorae, to protect them from the weight of the superincumbent earth.[3625] In Britain they have been found at Lincoln, on the sites of Roman settlements along the Dover Road, at Colchester, and in other places, and as many as twenty thousand are recorded as having been found at Bordeaux.[3626] After the introduction of Christianity this practice seems to have been abandoned, but vases of smaller size continued to be placed round the bones of the dead.

The grey wares were usually made of fine clay, of which there were two varieties: a sandy loam like that of which bricks are made on the borders of the chalk formations in England, and a heavy stone-coloured paste, sonorous when struck, which has been compared to the clay of modern Staffordshire ware. The colour of the first-named is light and its texture brittle, and it was chiefly used for _mortaria_, or for cooking-vessels which were exposed to the heat of the fire. The _mortaria_ resemble modern milk-pans, being flat, with overlapping edges and a grooved spout opening in front. They appear to have been used both for cooking, many bearing traces of the action of fire, and for grinding food or other commodities, the latter purpose probably explaining the presence, in the interior of many examples, of small pebbles, or a hard coating of pounded tile, to counteract the effects of trituration. They are usually of a hard coarse texture, but compact and heavy, and their colour varies from pale red to bright yellow or creamy white.

[Illustration: FIG. 230. ROMAN MORTARIUM FROM RIBCHESTER (BRITISH MUSEUM).]

They are frequently stamped with the name of the potter, placed in a square or rectangular panel on the rim and often arranged in two lines. The names are either single, denoting the work of slaves, as Albinus, Brixsa, Catulus, Sollus, and Marinus, or double and occasionally even triple, for the work of freedmen, as Q. Valerius, Sex. Valerius, Q. Averus Veranius, and so on.[3627] The example given in Fig. 230 is from Ribchester in Lancashire, and bears the stamp BORIED(_us_) F(_ecit_). A _mortarium_ recently dug up in Bow Lane, London, now in the Guildhall Museum, has the name of Averus Veranius with O · GARR · FAC in smaller type between the words, apparently referring to the place of manufacture.[3628] One of the commonest names is that of Ripanus Tiberinus, who gives the name of the place where he worked: RIPANVS · TIBER · F · | LVGVDV FACT, _Ripanus Tiber(inus) f(ecit); Lugudu(ni) fact(um)_.[3629] The potters’ names are usually accompanied by the letters OF or F. The mortaria vary from seven to twenty-three inches in diameter, and are found in England, France, Germany, and Switzerland. Of the second or heavier variety a curious vase in the form of a human head was found at Castor[3630]; much of the New Forest ware also comes under the same heading,[3631] including the small cups with pinched-in sides, some being covered with a slip of micaceous consistency.

Of black ware many varieties have been found in Gaul and Britain, besides the special local wares which have already been described. Some were employed as funerary urns, but the majority are of small size, and in quality they vary from the extremest coarseness to a fine polished clay, producing an effect almost equal to the Greek or Etruscan black wares. The finest specimens of plain black ware are to be seen in the vases with a highly polished surface, presenting a metallic appearance and an olive hue which almost approximates to that of bronze. Examples of this ware are found in Gaul at Lezoux, in Britain at Castor, and elsewhere.[3632]

In the first century after Christ a superior kind of black ware seems to have been made in Northern Gaul and Germany, described by Dragendorff as “Belgic black ware.”[3633] The clay is bluish-grey, with black polished surface produced like that of the bucchero ware by smoke, not like the black glaze of later Roman ware. A similar variety of grey ware exists, but without glaze or polish. The forms of the vases vary very much from the Roman, including a typical high, slim urn and other more squat forms, closely imitating metal; they bear some relation to those of the La Tène period, and are Celtic or Gaulish rather than German.[3634] Such ornamentation as they bear is exclusively linear, and never in relief. There is, however, a Roman form of plate which often occurs, and, generally speaking, the fabric may be described as a continuation of pre-Roman pottery influenced by Italy. It is well represented at Xanten and Andernach, but is not found on the Limes, and is rare in Britain; it does not seem to have been made after the beginning of the Flavian epoch, when it was largely superseded by the ordinary Roman black glazed wares.

A special kind of black ware seems to have been made in the valley of the Rhone, consisting of pots of a coarse, gritty paste with micaceous

## particles, breaking with a coarse fracture of a dark red colour. They

have been mostly found at Vienne, where they seem to have been made. The bottom of the vase is usually impressed with a circular stamp with the potter’s name in late letters, as L · CASSI · O, F(_ir_)MINVS · F, SEVVO · F, SIMILIS · F (from Aix).[3635] The well-known name of Fortis has also been found on black ware from Aix.

In Britain black ware is, as elsewhere, exceedingly common, and a typical group of the smaller varieties is afforded by a series of five found in a sarcophagus at Binsted in Hampshire, now in the British Museum,[3636] consisting of two _calices_, a jar (_olla_), an _acetabulum_, and a kind of candlestick. The Upchurch ware largely belongs to this category, and much of the same kind has been found at Weymouth.

Brown ware of a very coarse style is often found with other Roman remains, consisting of amphorae and other vessels for domestic use. Examples of amphorae and jugs with female heads modelled on the necks have been found at Richborough and elsewhere.[3637]

At Wroxeter the excavations yielded two new classes of pottery, one consisting of narrow-necked jugs and _mortaria_,[3638] very beautifully made from a white local clay, which has been identified with that found at Broseley in the neighbourhood, nowadays supplying material for the manufacture of tobacco-pipes. The surface is decorated with red and yellow stripes. The other kind is a variety of red ware which has been styled “Romano-Salopian,” made from clay obtained in the Severn valley, and differing from the common Roman ware.[3639] It is, however, exceedingly doubtful whether these types should be classed under the heading Roman.

In conclusion, it may be noted that although all provincial museums contain more or less complete collections of the ordinary plain fabrics, they are for the most part of strictly local origin, and not in themselves sufficient for general study. But since the acquisition of the Morel Collection by the British Museum the student has ample facilities for investigating there not only the fabrics of Britain, but also those of Gaul, of which an exhaustive series is now incorporated in our national collection.

* * * * *

With this review of the ceramic industries of the Roman Empire, we conclude our survey of the pottery of the classical world. We have followed its rise from the rough, almost shapeless products of the Neolithic and earliest Bronze Age, when the potter’s wheel was as yet unknown (on classical soil), and decoration was not attempted, or was confined to the rudest kinds of incised patterns. We have traced the development of painted decoration from monochrome to polychrome, from simple patterns to elaborate pictorial compositions, and so to its gradual decay and disappearance under the luxurious and artificial tendencies of the Hellenistic Age, when men were ever seeking for new artistic departures, and a new system of technique arose which finally substituted various forms of decoration in relief for painting. And lastly, we have seen how this new system established itself firmly in the domain of Roman art, until with the gradual decay of artistic taste and under the encroachments of barbarism, it sank into neglect and oblivion. We observe, too, with a melancholy interest, that while other arts, such as architecture, painting, and metal-work, have left some sort of heritage to the later European civilisations, and like the runners in the Greek torch-race

vitai lampada tradunt,

this is not so in the case of pottery. This art had, it would seem, completely worn itself out, and had, in fact, returned to the level of its earliest beginnings. The decorative element disappears, and pottery becomes, as in its earliest days, a mere utilitarian industry, the secrets of its former technical achievements irrevocably lost, its ornamentation reduced to the simplest and roughest kinds of decoration, and its status among the products of human industry once more limited to the mere supplying of one of the humblest of men’s needs.

But this was inevitable, and we must perforce be content; for have we not seen, in the course of its rise and fall, a reflection of the whole history of Greek art, from the humble beginnings in which Pausanias descried the touch of something divine which presaged its future greatness? It is unnecessary to recapitulate the manner in which the successive stages of Greek art are mirrored in the pottery, from the first efforts of the Athenian potter down to the eclecticism of the Arretine ware. Let it suffice to say that the object of this work has been twofold: firstly, to show the many-sided interests of the historical study of ancient pottery; secondly, to point out its value to the student of ancient art and mythology: and that it is the modest hope of the writer that this object has been in some measure fulfilled.

-----

Footnote 3421:

See a correspondence in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_, 1844-45, reprinted in the _Gentleman’s Magazine Library, Romano-British Remains_, ii. p. 547 ff.

Footnote 3422:

_Bonner Jahrbücher_, xcvi. p. 82.

Footnote 3423:

_Ergebnisse von Olympia_, iv. p. 206: cf. _ibid._ v. p. 783.

Footnote 3424:

_Cyprus Mus. Cat._ p. 93, and index, _s.v._ Samian.

Footnote 3425:

M. Déchelette’s epoch-making work on Roman pottery in Gaul only appeared after this chapter was in type. To make proper use of it would have necessitated practically re-writing the chapter; but I have remodelled it where absolutely essential, and given frequent references to his work in foot-notes, which it is hoped may suffice in some measure. Moreover for some of the fabrics I have had the advantage of his articles previously published in the _Revue Archéol._ xxxviii. (1901) and the _Revue des Études Anciens_, v. (1903), which he has since incorporated in his book.

Footnote 3426:

_Terra Sigillata_, in _Bonner Jahrbücher_, xcvi. (1895), p. 18 ff.

Footnote 3427:

See _Bonner Jahrb._ lxxxvi. p. 152 ff.; Koenen, _Gefässkunde_, p. 88.

Footnote 3428:

_C.I.L._ x. 8055, 4-9; 8056, 5, 46-52, 280 ff.; _ibid._ v. 8115, 97.

Footnote 3429:

See Déchelette, i. p. 16; _Bonner Jahrb._ ci. p. 22.

Footnote 3430:

Cf. Dragendorff’s Nos. 15-17 (plates 1-2) with Nos. 1-3 (plate 1).

Footnote 3431:

For examples from Andernach, see _Bonner Jahrb._ lxxxvi. pl. 6, 16, pl. 7, 18.

Footnote 3432:

See Déchelette, i. p. 66, and below, p. 520.

Footnote 3433:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 86.

Footnote 3434:

It was deserted about 5 B.C. See Déchelette, i. p. 93.

Footnote 3435:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 87 ff.

Footnote 3436:

_Festschr. für Joh. Overbeck_, p. 168; cf. _Bonner Jahrb._ lxxxvi. p. 155.

Footnote 3437:

_Bonner Jahrb._ lxxxvi. pl. 5, 21, pl. 6, 4, 9-10: cf. Dragendorff’s Nos. 19-20.

Footnote 3438:

_Op. cit._ xcvi. p. 87.

Footnote 3439:

For other typical stamps see Dragendorff in _Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 95; _ibid._ lxxxvi. p. 164 ff., lxxxix. p. 51 ff.

Footnote 3440:

_C.I.L._ vii. 1336, 790 is an isolated example of the black ware found in London.

Footnote 3441:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 103 ff.; Déchelette, i. p. 64 ff.

Footnote 3442:

_Ill. Rom. Lond._ p. 98.

Footnote 3443:

_Collect. Antiq._ vi. p. 70; _Ill. Rom. Lond._ _loc. cit._

Footnote 3444:

See _Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 105.

Footnote 3445:

See _ibid._ p. 110, pls. 2-3, figs. 31-55, for later provincial forms.

Footnote 3446:

See his vol. i. p. 29, with plates 2-5.

Footnote 3447:

_Ibid._ ii. pls. 1, 2.

Footnote 3448:

See _Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 126 ff.

Footnote 3449:

Cf. the vases given in Plate LXVII. figs. 1, 2, and Déchelette, i. pp. 70, 180, pl. 6.

Footnote 3450:

See below, p. 520

Footnote 3451:

See generally Déchelette, i. p. 219.

Footnote 3452:

_Ibid._ ii. p. 91 ff.

Footnote 3453:

An exhaustive list of types, figures, and ornaments of all kinds, as found in the Graufesenque and Lezoux fabrics, is given by Déchelette in his second volume, p. 5 ff.

Footnote 3454:

See Roach-Smith, _Ill. Rom. Lond._ p. 95.

Footnote 3455:

See also the useful list given by Von Hefner in _Oberbayr. Archiv_, xxii. (1863), p. 28 ff., giving the chief types on German wares from Westerndorf and elsewhere.

Footnote 3456:

See _Cat. of London Antiqs._ Nos. 158 ff. pl. 8; _Ill. Rom. Lond._ p. 89 ff.; _Collect. Antiq._ _passim_; also Plate LXVIII.

Footnote 3457:

_Collect. Antiq._ ii. p. 13.

Footnote 3458:

Cf. _C.I.L._ xiii. 10010, 1682.

Footnote 3459:

Hence Roach-Smith was inclined to date the vase as late as the fifth century; but recent researches show that this is impossible. Even in the first century vases of this debased style are found. There were two potters of the name of Sabinus in the first century in Gaul (Déchelette, i. p. 297).

Footnote 3460:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 139: cf. Roach-Smith, _Collect. Antiq._ ii. p. 15.

Footnote 3461:

See _C.I.L._ xiii. part 3, p. 121.

Footnote 3462:

_Ibid._ p. 120. An example from Britain is L. Cosconius Virilis (_C.I.L._ vii. 1336, 346: cf. Roach-Smith, _Collect. Antiq._ i. p. 155).

Footnote 3463:

_C.I.L._ xiii. 10006, 95, on a _mortarium_.

Footnote 3464:

_C.I.L._ xiii. 10010, 1670.

Footnote 3465:

_C.I.L._ vii. 1314: cf. _Rev. Arch._ xxiv. (1894), p. 57.

Footnote 3466:

Déchelette, i. p. 86, pl. 13; _Rev. Arch._ iii. (1904), p. 75 ff. The names of vessels include the interesting word _pannae_, whence our “pan.”

Footnote 3467:

See _Oberbayr. Archiv für vaterl. Gesch._ xxii. (1863), p. 38, pl. 4, fig. 1; _C.I.L._ iii. 6010, 68; Déchelette, i. p. 210.

Footnote 3468:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 136.

Footnote 3469:

_Oberbayr. Archiv_, xxii. (1863), p. 43.

Footnote 3470:

_C.I.L._ vii. 1337, 22.

Footnote 3471:

Orelli, 4189; Blanchet in _Bullet. Archéol._ 1898, p. 29, and _id._, _Mélanges Gallo-romaines_, ii. (1902), p. 109.

Footnote 3472:

See Marquardt, _Privatleben der Römer_, p. 648, note 7.

Footnote 3473:

Henzen, 7258; Blanchet, _loc. cit._: cf. _C.I.L._ iii. 5833.

Footnote 3474:

Steiner, _Cod. Inscr. Danub. et Rheni_, ii. p. 305; Orelli, 2029.

Footnote 3475:

Orelli, 4302; Henzen, 7259; Blanchet, _loc. cit._

Footnote 3476:

Steiner, _op. cit._ i. p. 58, No. 130. Other names of consuls from 199 to 228 are given in _Bonner Jahrb._ xv. p. 61 (these are in _graffito_).

Footnote 3477:

Steiner, ii. p. 349 ff., Nos. 1649-51, 1653, 1661; _Bonner Jahrb._ xv. p. 53 ff.

Footnote 3478:

_Gaz. Arch._ 1877, p. 180; Roach-Smith, _Collect. Antiq._ iii. pl. 31, p. 193.

Footnote 3479:

_Journ. Brit. Arch. Assoc_, iv. p. 364.

Footnote 3480:

_C.I.L._ vii. 1335, 4.

Footnote 3481:

For the technique of this process see above, p. 442, and Brongniart, _Traité_, i. p. 425.

Footnote 3482:

There is an example of this ware from Cologne in the British Museum (Greek and Roman Department), and others at Turin and Trier. Déchelette (ii. p. 309) states that it is found in the first century B.C.

Footnote 3483:

See _Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 111 ff.; Hölder, _Formen der röm. Thongef._ p. 8.

Footnote 3484:

Déchelette, ii. p. 309.

Footnote 3485:

Koenen, _Gefässkunde_, p. 101.

Footnote 3486:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 120.

Footnote 3487:

_Op. cit._ p. 121: cf. _Mus. Borb._ v. 13.

Footnote 3488:

See for examples Déchelette, ii. pl. 5; _Bonner Jahrb_. lxxxiv. pl. 2, figs. 2-5, p. 109; Roach-Smith, _Ill. Rom. Lond._ p. 93; _Oberbayr. Archiv._, 1863, pl. 4, fig. 11; and Plate LXIX. fig. 4.

Footnote 3489:

Vol. ii. p. 325.

Footnote 3490:

i. p. 41 ff.

Footnote 3491:

i. p. 64 ff.

Footnote 3492:

i. p. 138 ff.

Footnote 3493:

_C.I.L._ xiii. 10009, 3; Déchelette, i. p. 31 ff.

Footnote 3494:

_C.I.L._ iii. Suppl. 12013, 3; Déchelette, i. p. 34.

Footnote 3495:

Déchelette, i. p. 60.

Footnote 3496:

See also Jullian in _Revue des Études Anciens_, i. (1899), p. 152.

Footnote 3497:

Painted vases with Geometrical decoration were widely exported, even to Bohemia: see _Rev. Arch._ xxvi. (1895), pls. 5, 6, p. 196 ff.; _Gaz. Arch._ 1881-2, pls. 3-4, p. 17.

Footnote 3498:

See Déchelette, i. p. 66; it is the form numbered 11 by Dragendorff.

Footnote 3499:

_Op. cit._ i. p. 68: cf. _C.I.L._ xi. 6700, 821.

Footnote 3500:

See Déchelette, i. pls. 6, 7, p. 69.

Footnote 3501:

_Op. cit._ i. pl. 8, p. 74.

Footnote 3502:

See also _op. cit._ pl. 9, p. 73.

Footnote 3503:

See his vol. i. p. 75 for further details.

Footnote 3504:

A figure of Artemis is derived from the type given by Hauser, _Neuattische Reliefs_, pl. 1, fig. 9: for a _genre_ type, cf. the fishermen figured by Déchelette, _Rev. des Études Anciens_, v. p. 55 (= _Vases de la Gaule_, ii. p. 91, type No. 556).

Footnote 3505:

The list of names given by Déchelette, i. p. 81, will render it possible to trace Rutenian potters on these sites in _C.I.L._ xiii.

## part 3, fasc. 1: see also vols. vii. (Britain), x. (Campania), xv.

(Rome), etc., and Déchelette, i. p. 105 ff.

Footnote 3506:

Examples in British and Guildhall Museums.

Footnote 3507:

_Op. cit._ i. p. 112.

Footnote 3508:

Cf. _C.I.L._ xv. 5059, 5273, 5355; 4945.

Footnote 3509:

_C.I.L._ x. 8055, 27: cf. Déchelette, i. p. 96 ff.

Footnote 3510:

_C.I.L._ ii. 4970, 559 from Tarraco, and the vase published in _Rev. Arch._ xxxiii. (1898), p. 100, fig. 11, from Carthage.

Footnote 3511:

Vol. i. p. 113.

Footnote 3512:

_Op. cit._ i. p. 79.

Footnote 3513:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 97 (“Marmorirung”): see also Déchelette, i. p. 67.

Footnote 3514:

_C.I.L._ x. 8056, 283.

Footnote 3515:

See _Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 101; _Gaz. Arch._ 1877, pl. 28, p. 172 ff.; Déchelette, i. p. 120 ff.

Footnote 3516:

_Mus. Borb._ vii. pl. 29; _C.I.L._ x. 8056, 4; Déchelette, i. p. 121.

Footnote 3517:

Déchelette (i. p. 125) notes in these names a direct proof of exportation; they were carried about by the _negotiatores_ or agents (p. 511) to the different regions named.

Footnote 3518:

_Étude de la Céramique Arverno-romaine_ (1887). M. Déchelette has embodied most of Plicque’s researches in his own account of the potteries (i. p. 138 ff.).

Footnote 3519:

See Déchelette, i. pp. 155, 194 ff. for lists of names, with types used by each and places where found.

Footnote 3520:

See Déchelette, i. pls. 4, 5, Nos. 63-71, and p. 149.

Footnote 3521:

_Op. cit._ p. 178 ff.

Footnote 3522:

See Plicque’s summary in his _Étude de la Céramique Arverno-rom_. p. 10 ff.

Footnote 3523:

See generally Déchelette, ii. p. 167 ff.; also _Rev. Arch._ ii. (1903), pl. 17, p. 387.

Footnote 3524:

Cf. the Greek _stamnos_ (Vol. I. p. 164).

Footnote 3525:

_Ill. Rom. Lond._ pp. 86, 97, pl. 29; _Cat. of London Antiqs._ pl. 7, fig. 2; _Richborough_, p. 74.

Footnote 3526:

Déchelette, ii. p. 316.

Footnote 3527:

Déchelette, ii. p. 321.

Footnote 3528:

On the technical aspect of these, see above, p. 441; for all other information reference should be made to Déchelette, ii. p. 235 ff.

Footnote 3529:

Froehner, _Coll. Gréau_, No. 1353.

Footnote 3530:

Déchelette states that seventy-nine have been found at Vienne, thirty-three at Lyons, and twenty-nine at Orange.

Footnote 3531:

_Musées de France_, pls. 14-16, p. 52 ff.

Footnote 3532:

_Gaz. Arch._ 1877, pl. 12, p. 66. The second of these has passed into the British Museum (in the Morel Collection). See Fig. 227, and Déchelette, ii. p. 290.

Footnote 3533:

Stephani, _Vasens._ 1353; _id._, _Compte-Rendu_, 1873, p. 67.

Footnote 3534:

_Recueil_, vi. 107: see Déchelette, ii. pp. 236, 250, 253, 294.

Footnote 3535:

_Gaz. Arch._ 1889, p. 50, pl. 15.

Footnote 3536:

See also _Gaz. Arch._ 1880, pl. 30, p. 178 for examples from Nismes; Froehner, _Coll. Gréau_, 1351, 1352; _Rev. Arch._ xix. (1892), pl. 11, p. 313; Daremberg and Saglio, iii. _art._ Forma, figs. 3184, 3185; _C.I.L._ xii. 5687. All previous literature is now superseded by Déchelette’s work (vol. ii. p. 235 ff.).

Footnote 3537:

_Op. cit._ i. p. 27.

Footnote 3538:

_Ibid._ p. 204.

Footnote 3539:

_Ibid._ The form employed is his No. 69.

Footnote 3540:

See Hettner in _Festschrift für J. Overbeck_, p. 165 ff.; Koenen in _Bonner Jahrb._ lxxxvi. p. 152 ff.

Footnote 3541:

See Fiedler, _Castra Vetera_, p. 40; _Bonner Jahrb._ v. p. 422, pls. 13-4; and for stamps, Steiner, _Cod. Inscr. Danub. et Rheni_, ii. p. 225, No. 1317.

Footnote 3542:

_Oberbayr. Archiv für vaterländische Geschichte_, xxii. (1863), p. 1 ff.

Footnote 3543:

A useful summary is given by Von Hefner, p. 28.

Footnote 3544:

Cf. _ibid._ pl. 4, figs. 1-7.

Footnote 3545:

_Ibid._ p. 42.

Footnote 3546:

See Roach-Smith, _Ill. Rom. Lond._ p. 99; Déchelette, i. p. 210.

Footnote 3547:

In the Greek and Roman Department, found at Mainz.

Footnote 3548:

Déchelette, ii. p. 319.

Footnote 3549:

_Archaeologia_, lvii. p. 104.

Footnote 3550:

_Victoria County Hist. of Northants_, p. 211.

Footnote 3551:

_Gefässkunde in den Rheinlanden_, p. 65 ff. For various finds of pottery in Germany see also _Bonner Jahrb._ lxxiv. p. 147; lxxxiv. p. 108 ff.; lxxxix. p. 1 ff.

Footnote 3552:

See _Rev. Arch._ xxxix. (1901), p. 51 ff.

Footnote 3553:

See also generally Von Hefner, _op. cit._; _Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 87 ff., and index to vols. 1-60; Wolff in _Westdeutsche Zeitschr. für Gesch. u. Kunst_, xviii. (1899), p. 213.

Footnote 3554:

_Formen der röm. Thongefässe_, p. 11.

Footnote 3555:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xiii. p. 106 ff., xxxv. p. 46, lxxxvii. p. 61 ff., xcvi. p. 101; Déchelette, ii. p. 311, p. 312, note 3.

Footnote 3556:

Roach-Smith, _Collect. Antiq._ i. pl. 4, p. 3.

Footnote 3557:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xiii. p. 112; lxxxvii. p. 62; Steiner, _Cod. Inscr. Danub. et Rhen._ ii. p. 195, No. 1252 (from Neuss): cf. Virg. _Ecl._ iii. 47.

Footnote 3558:

Steiner, _op. cit._ p. 100; Gerhard, _Berlins ant. Bildw._ No. 1687; Roach-Smith, _Collect. Antiq._ i. pl. 4, p. 3; _Bonner Jahrb._ lxxxvii. p. 63.

Footnote 3559:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xiii. p. 113.

Footnote 3560:

_Ibid._ xiii. pp. 109, 113, lxxxvii. p. 64; Steiner, _op. cit._ p. 155; and in B.M. (BIBE).

Footnote 3561:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xiii. pp. 107, 108, xxxv. p. 47, lxxxvii. p. 65; B.M. (Fig. 229).

Footnote 3562:

_Op. cit._ xxxv. p. 49.

Footnote 3563:

_Op. cit._ xxxv. p. 48, lxxxvii. p. 66.

Footnote 3564:

_Op. cit._ xiii. p. 113.

Footnote 3565:

_Op. cit._ xiii. p. 111, lxxxvii. p. 66; B.M.

Footnote 3566:

_Op. cit._ xxxv. p. 49.

Footnote 3567:

_Op. cit._ xiii. p. 111, lxxxvii. p. 67.

Footnote 3568:

_Op. cit._ lxxxvii. p. 67; _Collect. Antiq._ i. p. 3.

Footnote 3569:

Levezow, _Berliner Verzeichniss,_ p. 366, No. 1470; _Bonner Jahrb._ lxxxvii. p. 68

Footnote 3570:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xiii. p. 107, lxxxvii. p. 69.

Footnote 3571:

_Ibid._

Footnote 3572:

_Op. cit._ xxxv. p. 49, lxxxvii. p. 70.

Footnote 3573:

_Op. cit._ xiii. p. 106, xxxv. p. 48, lxxxvii. p. 78: cf. B.M. (REPLE COPO DA).

Footnote 3574:

_Op. cit._ xxxv. p. 48, lxxxvii. p. 77.

Footnote 3575:

_Op. cit._ xiii. p. 106, xxxv. p. 47, lxxxvii. p. 71; Levezow, _op. cit._ No. 1469.

Footnote 3576:

_Op. cit._ xiii. p. 110; Levezow, No. 1471.

Footnote 3577:

_Op. cit._ xiii. p. 107, xxxv. p. 49, lxxxvii. p. 72.

Footnote 3578:

_Op. cit._ lxxxvii. p. 72; B.M.

Footnote 3579:

_Op. cit._ xiii. p. 110, xxxv. p. 48, lxxxvii. p. 73; B.M. (VIVAS).

Footnote 3580:

_Zeitschr. des Vereins zur Erforsch. d. rhein. Gesch. u. Altert._ iv. (1900), p. 266.

Footnote 3581:

For stamps found here and at Voorburg, see Steiner, _Cod. Inscr. Danub. et Rhen._ ii. p. 276, No. 1449, p. 293, No. 1484.

Footnote 3582:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xlvi. p. 115; Déchelette, i. p. 103. They are now in the Leiden Museum.

Footnote 3583:

See _C.I.L._ ii. 4970, and p. 512; Brongniart, _Traité_, i. p. 453; Déchelette, i. p. 16; and above, pp. 479, 499.

Footnote 3584:

See above, p. 536.

Footnote 3585:

See Haverfield in _Cumberland and Westm. Arch. Soc. Trans._ xv. p. 191.

Footnote 3586:

_Ill. Rom. Lond._ pls. 24-8, p. 89 ff.; _Richborough_, pl. 3.

Footnote 3587:

Wellbeloved, _Eburacum_, pl. 16; Scarth, _Aquae Solis_, pl. 43; Lee, _Isca Silurum_, pls. II, 12.

Footnote 3588:

_Vict. County Hist. of Warwickshire_, i. p. 230.

Footnote 3589:

_Arch. Aeliana_, x. p. 268; _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._ xxx. (1896), p. 179 ff.; Haverfield, _loc. cit._

Footnote 3590:

Haverfield’s fig. 8 (_loc. cit._).

Footnote 3591:

Haverfield, _op. cit._, pl. 7, fig. 7, p. 193; and see p. 528 above.

Footnote 3592:

Cf. Roach-Smith, _Collect. Antiq._ ii. p. 35, and see above, p. 502.

Footnote 3593:

Roach-Smith, _Collect. Antiq._ iv. pl. 17, p. 63; _Victoria County Hist. of Northants_, p. 219.

Footnote 3594:

See Déchelette, i. p. 282, ii. p. 71, No. 425.

Footnote 3595:

Artis, _Durobrivae_, pl. 30, figs. 1, 4.

Footnote 3596:

_Handbook to British Pottery in Mus. of Pract. Geol._ 1893, p. 72.

Footnote 3597:

vii. 1334-36. Supplementary lists are given in _Arch. Journal_, xxxv. p. 289.

Footnote 3598:

See _C.I.L._ vii. p. 238 for bibliography.

Footnote 3599:

_Ill. Rom. Lond._ pp. 102, 107.

Footnote 3600:

General reference may also be made to the archaeological journals of the London and provincial societies, and to the volume of the _Gentleman’s Magazine Library_ on _Romano-British Remains_; also for Norfolk, Northants, Hampshire, and other counties, to the respective volumes of the _Victoria County History_.

Footnote 3601:

Cumberland and Westmoreland, Hereford, Hertford, Kent, and Lancashire.

Footnote 3602:

See Haverfield, in _Vict. County Hist. of Northants_, p. 208, fig. 29.

Footnote 3603:

Cf. Haverfield, figs. 32, 33.

Footnote 3604:

_Ibid._ fig. 33.

Footnote 3605:

_Ibid._ p. 209.

Footnote 3606:

Roach-Smith, _Collect. Antiq._ iv. pl. 21, p. 82; _Vict. County Hist. of Northants_, p. 211; _C.I.L._ vii. 1335, 3.

Footnote 3607:

But see above, p. 536, and Déchelette, ii. p. 311.

Footnote 3608:

_Arch. Journ._ liv. p. 349.

Footnote 3609:

Artis, _Durobrivae_, pl. 28; _Vict. County Hist. of Northants_, p. 211, fig. 34: cf. _ibid._ p. 190 = fig. 18, p. 192 (from Bedford Purlieus).

Footnote 3610:

_Collect. Antiq._ iv. pl. 24.

Footnote 3611:

_Ibid._ iv. p. 91: cf. the vase mentioned on p. 539.

Footnote 3612:

_Brit. Arch. Assoc. Journ._ i. p. 5 ff.

Footnote 3613:

Haverfield, in _Vict. County Hist. of Northants_, p. 212.

Footnote 3614:

_Arch. Journ._, xiii. p. 173: cf. _C.I.L._ vii. 1336, 220.

Footnote 3615:

See on this ware Roach-Smith, _Collect. Antiq._ vi. p. 178, pl. 36, and _Ill. Rom. Lond._ p. 82; Wright, _Uriconium_, p. 247 ff., and _Celt, Roman, and Saxon_^4, p. 260.

Footnote 3616:

Haverfield, in _Vict. County Hist. of Hants_, i. p. 326.

Footnote 3617:

_Archaeologia_, xxxv. p. 91; _Arch. Journ._ liv. p. 348; x. p. 8; xxx. p. 319; _Proc. Soc. Antiq._ 1st Ser. ii. p. 285, iv. p. 167.

Footnote 3618:

_Traité_, i. p. 381.

Footnote 3619:

_Roman Art in Cirencester_, p. 77.

Footnote 3620:

See Blümner, _Technol._ ii. p. 65.

Footnote 3621:

_C.I.L._ xv. p. 560; _Ann. dell’ Inst._ 1878, p. 119 ff.

Footnote 3622:

_Proc. Soc. Ant._ 2nd Ser. iii. (1867), p. 440 (now in B.M.): cf. Artis, _Durobrivae_, pl. 49.

Footnote 3623:

Brongniart, i. p. 435.

Footnote 3624:

See Daremberg and Saglio, _s.v._ Olla.

Footnote 3625:

Cf. Wright, _Celt, Roman, and Saxon_^4, p. 359 ff.; _Archaeologia_, xii. pl. 14, p. 108; _Brit. Arch. Assoc. Journ._ i. p. 239; and see above, p. 457.

Footnote 3626:

Brongniart, i. p. 437.

Footnote 3627:

See generally _C.I.L._ vii. 1334.

Footnote 3628:

_Journ. Brit. Arch. Assoc._ xlvi. (1890), p. 156; other examples at Colchester and Exeter and Guildhall (_Cat._ p. 104, No. 641, Q · ERIV · GERMANVS): see also _C.I.L._ vii. 1334, 63.

Footnote 3629:

Roach-Smith, _Ill. Rom. Lond._ p. 89; _C.I.L._ vii. 1334, 43.

Footnote 3630:

Artis, _Durobrivae_, pl. 49, fig. 1.

Footnote 3631:

See _Vict. Hist. of Hants_, i. p. 326.

Footnote 3632:

Cf. Plicque, _Céramique Arverno-romaine_, pp. 16, 30.

Footnote 3633:

_Bonner Jahrb._ xcvi. p. 88.

Footnote 3634:

_Ibid._ p. 89; Hettner in _Festschr. für Joh. Overbeck_, p. 170.

Footnote 3635:

_C.I.L._ xii. 5685, 195, 362, 831, 845; _B. M. Cat. of Terracottas_, E 145-47 (wrongly included in that volume among tile-stamps).

Footnote 3636:

_Arch. Journ._ ix. p. 12.

Footnote 3637:

Roach-Smith, _Richborough_, p. 74; Wright, _Celt, Roman, and Saxon^4_, p. 281; others in B.M.

Footnote 3638:

Wright, _Uriconium_, p. 251. Examples may be seen in the Shrewsbury Museum.

Footnote 3639:

Wright, _ibid._ p. 252, and _Celt, Roman, and Saxon^4_, p. 278.

INDEX

NOTE.—_Names of artists and καλός-names not included in this list will be found in those given in Vol. II. p. 273 ff._

Abaskantos, lamp-maker, i. 108

_Abecedaria_, ii. 311, and see Alphabet

Abella, vases from, i. 81; fabric of, i. 484

Acanthus-patterns, ii. 223

_Acetabulum_, ii. 469

Achaeans in Cyprus, i. 245, and see 275

Acheloös, ii. 83, 101

Achilles on vases, ii. 120 ff.; fight over body of, i. 323

Acids used for cleaning vases, i. 40, 41

Aco Acastus, potter, ii. 517

_Acratophorum_, ii. 464

Acrobats, ii. 165, 182

Actors on vases, i. 473, ii. 160 ff., 197

_Adjuvate, sodales_, inscription on lamp, ii. 411, 422

Admetos and Alkestis, ii. 102, 140, 310, 312

Adonis, ii. 42

Adrastos, ii. 119

_Aecetiae pocolom_, i. 490

Aegean pottery, i. 262 ff., 275

—— Islands, vase-finds in the, i. 54 ff.

Aegina, personified, ii. 19, 82; vases from, i. 54, 308, 492

Aegisthos, death of, ii. 138

Aeneas on vases, ii. 129, 135; on lamps, ii. 414, 421

Aeolis, finds in, i. 62; pottery of, i. 339, 347, 356

Aeolus, ii. 14

Aeson, vase-painter, i. 444

Aesop on vase, ii. 151; on lamp, ii. 415; fables of, on lamps, ii. 416

“Affected” amphorae, i. 387

Africa, types of tombs in, i. 36; vases from, i. 67; Ionic pottery of, i. 340 ff.; relations with Ionia, i. 355; lamps from, ii. 399, 406, 427; bust of, on lamp, ii. 412

ἄγαλμα, i. 98

Agamedes and Trophonios, ii. 140

Agamemnon on vases, ii. 126, 137

Agia Paraskevi (Cyprus), i. 35, 66, 246

Agon, ii. 89, 194

Agra, mysteries of, ii. 27, 104

Agriculture on vases, ii. 171

Agrigentum, see Girgenti

Agrios, myth of, ii. 141

Agrippa, painter on terracotta, i. 119, ii. 366

Aigeus, ii. 108

Aithra, ii. 24

Ajax, son of Oïleus, ii. 134, 135

—— son of Telamon, ii. 124, 128, 129; death of, ii. 133, 310

Akamas and Demophon, ii. 135

ἄκατος, i. 186

ἀκρατοφόρος, i. 173

Akratos, i. 88, ii. 64

ἀκρωτήρια, i. 97 ff.

Aktaeon on vases, ii. 35, 310; on lamps, ii. 414; on Gaulish pottery, ii. 508

Aktor and Astyoche, ii. 143

ἀλαβαστοθήκη, i. 133

Alabastron, i. 196, 308, 312, 492

Alba Longa, i. 79; hut-urns from, ii. 288

Alcaeus quoted, i. 133; on vases, ii. 151

Alexander the Great on Arretine vase, ii. 494

Alexandria, vases from, i. 67, 146; porcelain ware of, i. 129; wine-amphorae from, i. 154 ff.

Alexandrine subjects on vases, i. 502; in Gaulish terracottas, ii. 386; on Roman lamps, ii. 418; on Arretine vases, ii. 489

Alkestis, see Admetos

Alkmena, i. 480, ii. 19

Alkyoneus, ii. 100

Allegory on vases, i. 21

Allier, valley of, as centre for Gaulish terracottas, ii. 380 ff.; for pottery, ii. 533; clay of, ii. 434

Allifae, pottery of, ii. 475, 478

ἀλωπεκῆ, ii. 179, 200

Alphabet, introduction into Greece and early varieties, ii. 245 ff.; scheme of early varieties, ii. 248; Attic, i. 12, ii. 246, 268; early Etruscan, ii. 296, 311

Altemura, vases from, i. 85

Alyzia, inscribed tile from, i. 102

Amasis, king of Egypt, i. 345

—— potter, i. 381 ff., 387

—— vase-painter, i. 439

Amathus, pottery from, i. 36, 66, 147, 250, 253

Amazons on vases, ii. 99, 111, 132, 144, 195; on lamps, ii. 415

America, museums of, i. 26, 30

Amorgos, pottery from, i. 56, 262

Amphiaraos, i. 76, 318, ii. 118

Amphion, ii. 117

Amphitrite, ii. 23, 189

_Amphitruo_ of Rhinthon, see i. 473

Amphorae, forms of Greek, i. 153 ff.; Apulian, i. 162, 469; Attic, i. 295, 368, 372, 411; Chalcidian, i. 322; Melian, i. 57, 301; Nicosthenic, i. 385; Panathenaic, i. 46, 69, 84, 132, 145, 388 ff.; “Tyrrhenian,” i. 160, 324; “affected,” i. 387; “false-necked,” i. 246, 271; ornamentation of, i. 375, ii. 234; prices paid for, i. 44 ff.; ancient examples at Erythrae, i. 205; used as wine-jars, i. 154 ff.; Roman, ii. 460 ff.

ἄμφωτις, i. 186

_Ampulla_, ii. 465

Amyklae, pottery from, i. 52

Amykos, ii. 115

Amymone, ii. 24

Anakles, potter, i. 384

Anakreon on vases, ii. 152

Analyses of pottery, i. 203, ii. 301, 435

Ananke, ii. 69, 90

ἀναξυρίδες, ii. 178

Andernach, Roman pottery from, ii. 500, 502, 509, 522, 533

Andokides, potter, i. 386, 401, ii. 258

Andromache and Astyanax, ii. 131

Andromeda, ii. 113

Ἀνεσίδωρα, ii. 75

Animals on early vases, see Chapters VI.–VIII. _passim_; as subjects on vases, ii. 184 ff.; on lamps, ii. 418; as pets, ii. 168, 173

Annia Arescusana, potter, ii. 367

_Annum novum faustum felicem_, inscription on lamps, ii. 398, 420

_Ansae lunulatae_, ii. 287

Antaios, i. 431, ii. 100

Antefixal ornaments, Greek, i. 97 ff.; Etruscan, ii. 317; Roman, ii. 343 ff., and see 365, 371

_Ante-Homerica_, subjects from, ii. 4, 119 ff.

_Antepagmentum_, ii. 315, 365

Anthedon, vases from, i. 53

Antonius Epaphras, M., potter, ii. 367

Anzi, vases found at, i. 83, 481

Apate, ii. 90

Apes on vases, i. 355, ii. 185

Aphidna, early pottery from, i. 49, 278

Aphrodite, in terracottas, i. 123 ff.; dedications to, at Naukratis, i. 345; representations of, on vases, ii. 42 ff., 191; on cup in B. M., i. 434, 457; with Persephone, ii. 28, 42; at Judgment of Paris, ii. 122; on mural reliefs, ii. 368; in Gaulish terracottas, ii. 385; on lamps, ii. 410; and see Venus

Apollo, dedications to, i. 139, 345; representations of, on vases, ii. 29 ff., 189; in Gigantomachia, ii. 13, 15; with Herakles, ii. 33, 97, 103; on mural reliefs, ii. 368; on lamps, ii. 409; and see Helios

Apollodoros, vase-painter, i. 439

Apollonia, vases from, i. 60

Appius, L., potter, ii. 490

_Appliqué_ reliefs, i. 119, 497; at Lezoux, ii. 529; and see ἐμβλήματα

Apuleius quoted, ii. 403

Apulia, vases from, i. 83 ff.; local pottery of, ii. 323 ff.; painted pottery of, i. 468 ff., 485, 486; shapes, i. 144, 171, 178, 179, 469; ornamentation, i. 468, ii. 235; arrangement of subjects on, ii. 209; inscriptions on, ii. 271 ff.; sepulchral subjects on, i. 144, 476, ii. 157; scenes from Under-world on, ii. 67 ff.

Aqueducts, use of brick in, ii. 336

Archemoros, ii. 118

Ἀρχεναύτης, ii. 92

Archers, ii. 177, 178, 199

Archikles, potter, i. 374, 384

Architecture, terracotta used in, i. 91 ff.; in Etruria, ii. 314 ff.; at Rome and Pompeii, ii. 330 ff.; use of bricks and tiles in, i. 91 ff., ii. 336 ff., 343; use of vases in, ii. 457; treatment of, in vase-paintings, ii. 205 ff.; imitations of, in arrangement of designs, i. 378, ii. 207; in patterns, ii. 211

Archons, names of, on vases, i. 69, 390

ἀρδάνιον, i. 167

Ares on vases, ii. 41, 190; in Gigantomachia, ii. 13, 15; on lamps, ii. 409

Arezzo, pottery found at, i. 29, 72, ii. 479, 481; potters’ tools and stamps from, i. 207, ii. 438, 439, 493; and see Arretium

Argolis, pottery from, i. 51; as centre of fabric, i. 274, 298, 307, 336; inscriptions in alphabet of, i. 308, 335, 357, ii. 249

Argonauts on vases, i. 442, ii. 115, and see ii. 104

Argos, vases from, i. 52

—— guardian of Io, ii. 20

Ariadne on vases, ii. 57, 110, 298

Aridikes and Telephanes, painters, i. 312, 320, 395

Arimaspi, ii. 148

Aristonoös, vase of, i. 168, 297, ii. 249

Aristophanes quoted or referred to, i. 132, 143, ii. 266

—— vase painter, i. 444

Arkesilaos of Kyrene, i. 341 ff., ii. 149; cup with subject of, i. 44, 341 ff., ii. 149, 250

—— sculptor and modeller, ii. 372

Arles, pottery from, ii. 524

Armed foot-race, ii. 164

Armento, vases from, i. 83

Arming of warriors, ii. 175

Armour, how represented, ii. 198

Arrangement of subjects on vases, ii. 206 ff.

Arretine vases, ii. 479 ff.; connection of, with Gaulish ware, ii. 500, 517 ff.

Arretium as centre of fabric, ii. 432, 475, 477; and see Arezzo

Artemis, on lamps, i. 107, ii. 409; on vases, ii. 30 ff., 35, 190; in Gigantomachia, ii. 13, 15; as Aidos, ii. 90; Asiatic, i. 56, 289, 301, ii. 35; Diktynna, i. 497, ii. 35

Artis on kilns at Castor, ii. 435, 447 ff.

Artistic aspects of study of vases, i. 13, and see i. 20

Artists’ signatures, ii. 244, 257 ff., 272; list of, ii. 273 ff.; Athenian, i. 379 ff., 420 ff., ii. 257 ff.

ἀρυστύρ, ἀρύστιχος, i. 179

ἀρύταινα, i. 179

Aryballos, i. 127, 197, 300; Corinthian, i. 312; later type, i. 412, 492

Ashmolean Museum, see Oxford

Asia personified, ii. 81

Asia Minor, vase-collections in, i. 30; tombs of, i. 34; vase-finds in, i. 61, 330, 356; lamps from, i. 108; porcelain ware from, i. 129

Asiatic art, influence of, on Arretine ware, ii. 489; and see Ionic

Asine, pottery from, i. 52

Asklepios, ii. 76; on lamp (?), ii. 416

Askos, i. 119, 129, 199; local Apulian, ii. 325, 326

Assariik, pottery from, i. 64, 280, 340

Assos, pottery from, i. 62

Assteas, vase-painter, i. 81, 83, 472, 474, 478 ff., ii. 104, 271

Assyrian bricks and cylinders, i. 6, 7; enamels, i. 8; textile fabrics, i. 312, 333, 334; influence on Greek pottery, i. 295, 333; and see Oriental

Asti, see Hasta

Ἀστυνόμοι on tiles, i. 101

Astyanax, ii. 131, 134

Atalante, ii. 141, 142; on Gaulish vase, ii. 532

—— in Lokris, vases found at, i. 53

Ate, ii. 90

Ateius, Cn., potter, ii. 500

Athamas (?), see Salmoneus

Athena, on vases, i. 323, ii. 37 ff.; types of, ii. 190; statues of, ii. 40, 134, and see Palladion; Parthenos on vases, i. 449, 451; Promachos, i. 389; with Poseidon on vase, i. 464, 497, ii. 24; on lamp, ii. 409; birth of, i. 370, 396, ii. 15, 294; birth-type used for other scenes, i. 388; with Herakles, ii. 38, 105; in Trojan scenes, ii. 39, 133; at Judgment of Paris, ii. 122

Athenaeus on shapes of vases, i. 148 ff.; on drinking-cups, i. 180 ff.

Ἀθηναῖος on tile from Marathon, i. 99

Athenian artists or potters, i. 379 ff., 421 ff., ii. 255 ff.; migration of, to other parts, i. 464, 465; festivals, ii. 156; horsemen or knights, ii. 166, 177, 179; sepulchral reliefs, i. 477, ii. 158; tribal heroes, ii. 140; vases made for Cyprus, i. 255; exported to other parts, i. 11, 405, 458, 464; influenced by Ionian, i. 294, 295, 388; contrasted with Ionian, i. 332, 356; chronology of, i. 401 ff., 463, ii. 270; and see generally Dipylon, Proto-Attic, Black-figured, Red-figured; white lekythi, i. 48, 54, 86, 132, 142, 196, 454 ff., ii. 157

Athens, history of, in connection with vases, i. 11, 369, 418, 463; finds of vases at, i. 12, 33, 46 ff.; of lamps, i. 108; museum of, i. 26, 30, 48; Acropolis, finds on, i. 33, 48, 138, 402; tombs at, i. 33, 47, 142, 147; modern forgers at, i. 43; potters’ quarter at, i. 89, 231; public measure at, i. 135; early artistic position of, i. 235, 292, 369; art of painting at, i. 396 ff., 409, 441 ff., 454; pottery of, see Chapters VI., VII., IX.-XI. _passim_; its native origin, i. 20, 278; inscriptions on vases, ii. 255 ff., and see Attic; termination of vase-painting at, i. 463 ff.

Athletes on vases, i. 417, 476, ii. 162 ff.; attire of, ii. 197

Atilius, K., potter, i. 502

Atlantes of terracotta at Pompeii, ii. 374

Atlas, ii. 75

Atreus and Thyestes, ii. 141

_Attegia tegulicia_, ii. 342

Attic alphabet, i. 12, ii. 246, 268; dialect, ii. 237, 255; inscriptions, i. 291, 296, 325, 370, 379, ii. 255 ff.; palaeography of, ii. 268 ff.; comedy reflected on vases, i. 473, 483, 484; legends on vases, ii. 138 ff.

Attica, finds of pottery in, i. 49, 278 ff.; and see Athens

Auge, i. 474, ii. 104

Aulis, scenes at, ii. 124

Aurae, ii. 81, 193

Auster, stamp of, ii. 440

_Australis_ on Roman tile, ii. 359

Austria, vase-collections of, i. 28

Auvergne, potteries in, ii. 504; and see Lezoux

_Avot_ for _fecit_, ii. 382, 509

Babylonia, bricks of, i. 6, 8, 91, 94; cylinders and tablets, i. 7; enamels, i. 8

Bacchic scenes, see Dionysiac

Bacchylides and vase-paintings, ii. 6

Baking, of terracottas, i. 116; of vases, i. 214 ff.; ovens for, i. 105; and see Kilns

Ball-games, ii. 167

Banassac, fabric of, ii. 524

Banquet-scenes, ii. 180 ff.; use of kylix in, i. 188

Barbarians on vases, i. 420, ii. 178 ff.

Barbotine decoration, i. 130, 210, ii. 438, 442, 505, 512; in Germany, ii. 513, 536; at Lezoux, ii. 528, 529; at Castor, ii. 544

Bargates, potter, ii. 483

Bari, vases from, i. 84, 86; local pottery of, ii. 326

“Base-ring” ware (Cypriote), i. 242

Basile and Echelos, ii. 27, 140

Bathing-scenes, ii. 165, 173

Baths, use of tiles in, i. 103, ii. 342, 346; use of bricks in, ii. 331, 335, 339; vessels used for, i. 176

—— of Caracalla, arrangements of, ii. 347

Bears on lamps, ii. 398

“Belgic” black ware, ii. 552

Bellerophon on vases, ii. 114; on lamps, ii. 414

Benghazi, vases from, i. 68; porcelain ware from, i. 129; and see Cyrenaica

Berlin Museum, i. 25, 28

_Bibe, amice, de meo_ on Gaulish vase, ii. 524

βῖκος, i. 164

“Bilingual” vases, i. 387

Biremes on Geometrica vases, i. 291, ii. 178

Blacas krater, i. 409, 443, ii. 78, 79

Black punctured ware (Cypriote), i. 242

—— slip ware (Cypriote), i. 241

—— varnish, i. 210, 219 ff., 371, 405

—— wares (Etruscan), ii. 291; mentioned in Latin literature, ii. 304; plain Roman, ii. 552; and see Etruria, Naukratis, etc.

Black-bodied amphorae, i. 151; other vases, i. 221

Black-figured vases, i. 219, 368; from Cyprus, i. 255; from Ionia, i. 330, 356 ff.; technique of, i. 219, 370; shapes, i. 372 ff.; ornamentation, i. 375 ff., ii. 234; subjects, i. 376 ff.; artists of, i. 379 ff., ii. 274; arrangement of subjects on, ii. 207; καλός-names on, ii. 277; transition to R.F., i. 386, 393, 400; treatment of eye on, compared with R.F., i. 408; subjects compared with R.F., i. 416 ff.; varieties of amphora in, i. 159

Blanchet on Gaulish terracottas, ii. 380 ff.; on kilns in France, ii. 443, 451; on Gaulish pottery-centres, ii. 533

Boar-hunts on vases, i. 315, ii. 166; and see Calydonian

Boat-shaped vases, i. 186; lamps, ii. 403

Böhlau on Geometrical pottery, i. 286 ff.; on Proto-Attic, i. 292; on Phaleron ware, i. 298; on Ionic pottery, i. 336 ff.

Boeotia, pottery from, i. 52; tiles from, i. 102; terracottas from, i. 118, 123, 290; Mycenaean pottery from, i. 274; Geometrical, i. 52, 159, 286; bronze fibulae of, i. 290; Proto-Corinthian vases, i. 307; later local fabrics, i. 300, 391, 451; vases with reliefs, i. 497; alphabet of, ii. 252; artists’ signatures, ii. 252, 273

Boiae, foundation of (?), ii. 143

Bologna, vases from, i. 72; Villanuova civilisation at, ii. 285

Bolsena, vases from, i. 73, 501

Bomarzo, vases from, i. 74

βομβύλιος, i. 198

Borax, use of, for red glaze, ii. 437

Boreades, ii. 81, 115, 116

Boreas, ii. 80, 115, 194

Boriedus, potter, ii. 551

Boston Museum, i. 26, 30; vase in, ii. 483

Bowls, Megarian or Homeric, i. 50, 53, 134, 185, 499; for libations, i. 140, 192, ii. 471; “Italian Megarian,” ii. 490; forms of Gaulish, ii. 501, 520 ff.; and see _Calix_, _Patera_, Phiale

Boxers, ii. 163

Braziers, i. 105

Bricks, use of, in Babylonia, i. 6, 91; in Greece, i. 89 ff.; in Etruria, ii. 314; at Rome, ii. 331, 336, 340, 352; at Pompeii, ii. 337; sun-dried, i. 91 ff., ii. 331, 335; baked, i. 95, ii. 334 ff.; sizes of Roman, ii. 332; methods of construction in, ii. 337 ff.; stamps and inscriptions on, ii. 352 ff.; and see Tiles

Bridal scenes, see Marriage

Britain, vase-collections in, i. 27; use of brick in, ii. 332, 337, and see 335; tiles from, ii. 346, 348, 358, 359, 363; terracotta statuettes from, ii. 379, 384; kilns found in, ii. 444, 445, 454; wine-amphorae, ii. 461; Roman pottery found in, ii. 540 ff.; imported wares, ii. 504, 540; subjects, 508; types and chronological sequence, ii. 540; barbotine wares in, ii. 513, 544; Rutenian, ii. 522; Lezoux ware, ii. 529; “false Samian” ware, ii. 541; potters’ names from, ii. 542; local fabrics, ii. 543 ff.; plain wares, ii. 549 ff.; and see Castor, New Forest, Upchurch

British Museum, i. 17, 24, 27; prices paid by, for vases, i. 43 ff.

—— School at Athens, excavations of, i. 57, 262, 265

Βρομίας, i. 186

Brongniart on Greek vases, i. 203; on _bucchero_, ii. 301; on plain Roman wares, ii. 437, 548

Bronze, workers in, ii. 171; imitations of, in _bucchero_ ware, ii. 303; in Roman pottery, ii. 528, 552

—— Age in Cyprus, i. 35, 66, 206, 237 ff.; in Italy, ii. 283 ff.; porcelain ware of, i. 127

Brunn on Melian reliefs, i. 120

Brushes used for painting vases, i. 227

Brygos, potter, i. 421, 437, ii. 256

_Bucchero_ ware in Cyprus, i. 242; in Etruria, ii. 289, 295, 301 ff.

Bucket, see κάδος, Situla

Bularchos, painter, i. 361, 363

Burgon vases, i. 45, 47, 57, 145, 285, 295

Burial scenes, and use of vases in, see Funeral

Burlesques, ii. 159; and see Caricatures, Comedy

Busiris, ii. 102

Busts of terracotta (funereal), i. 123

Butades, i. 98, 110

Butrio, potter, ii. 527

Cacus, ii. 100

_Cadus_, ii. 463; and see κάδος

Caecilius Saevus, L., lamp-maker, ii. 406, 423, 425, 428

Caere, see Cervetri

Caeretan hydriae, i. 166, 353 ff., ii. 308; allied fabrics, i. 356 ff.

Caesar, C. Julius, his finds of vases at Corinth, i. 134

Caistor-by-Norwich, kiln at, ii. 445, 449

Calene phialae, i. 502, and see ii. 490

Calidius Strigo, potter, ii. 482

_Calix_, ii. 468; and see Bowl, Kylix

Calvi (Cales), vases from, i. 81, 119, 146, 191, 502

Calydonian boar-hunt, ii. 114, 294

Calyx-patterns, ii. 221

Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, i. 27

Cambridgeshire, Roman tombs in, ii. 351, 456

Campania, vases found in, i. 80, 146; amphorae of, i. 162, 469, 484; fabrics of, i. 467 ff., 482 ff.; local, i. 227, 484; Roman pottery in, ii. 475, 478

Candelabrum-amphorae, i. 162

Canino, i. 44, 76; and see Vulci

Canoleius, L., potter, i. 502

Canopic jars (Etruscan), ii. 304

Canosa, vases from, i. 84, 118, 146, 487

_Capedo, capis_, ii. 471

Capitoline Jupiter, temple of, ii. 314, 371, and see i. 116; statue of, ii. 314, 372

Capua, vases from, i. 81, ii. 488, 493; tiles from, i. 98, 103; vases with gilding from, i. 210, 231, 498; forgeries made at, i. 42

Caria, pottery from, i. 64, 330, 340

Caricatures on vases, i. 392

Carthage, lamps from, ii. 397, 399, 405, 422; Gaulish vase at, ii. 523

Casks, see Dolium, Pithos

Castor, kilns of, ii. 435, 437, 444, 446 ff.; ware of, ii. 543, and see 442, 536

_Catagrapha_, i. 397, 455

Catalogues of vases, i. 26 ff.; and see Bibliography in Vol. I.

_Catinus_ and _catillus_, ii. 469

Cato on terracotta sculpture at Rome, ii. 373

Caudebec, terracotta figure from, ii. 384

Cave-dwellings, pottery from, i. 4

Ceglie, vases from, i. 84

Centaurs, ii. 102, 111, 145, 195

Centorbi, vases from, i. 87

Cerialis, potter, ii. 439, 511, 536

Cerigo, see Kythera

Cervetri (Caere), vases from, i. 75, ii. 292 ff., 297, 307, 308; architectural terracottas from, i. 98, ii. 315, 317; vases with reliefs from, i. 496, ii. 292; painted slabs from, ii. 299, 319; Regulini-Galassi tomb at, ii. 300; _abecedaria_ from, ii. 311; sarcophagi from, ii. 317, 321

Cesnola, i. 65

Chachrylion, potter, i. 420, 424, 427, 430

chaῖre kaὶ pίei eὖ, i. 373, ii. 265

Chalcidian vases, i. 321 ff.; alphabet and inscriptions, ii. 253

Chalcosthenes or Caicosthenes, i. 92

Chalkis as pottery centre, i. 55, 307, 321 ff., 495

Chamber-tombs (Etruscan), ii. 294 ff.

Chares, vase-painter, i. 315

Charinos, potter, i. 411, 492

Chariot-scenes on vases, ii. 164, 166, 176; on lamps, ii. 417, 422

Charioteer, dress of, ii. 198

Charon, i. 459, ii. 69, 193

Charun, ii. 69, 193, 310

Cheiron, ii. 95, 120, 145

Chelis, potter, i. 420, 424, 427

Chequer-patterns, ii. 215

Chest of Kypselos, see Kypselos

Chevron-patterns, ii. 214

Chigi vase, i. 309

Children, vases used by, i. 137; subjects relating to, ii. 167, 174

Chimaera, ii. 114, 148

Chiton, treatment of, on vases, i. 372, ii. 200

Chiusi, vases from, i. 73; as centre for Etruscan pottery, ii. 302, 304

Christian lamps, ii. 404, 420

Chronology of Cypriote pottery, i. 245 ff.; of Cretan, i. 265; of R.F. vases, i. 401 ff., 463, ii. 271; of Gaulish terracottas, ii. 385; of Roman lamps, ii. 399 ff.; of Gaulish pottery, ii. 501 ff., 516 ff.

Chrysaor, ii. 112

Chryse, ii. 105, 115, 124

Chrysos, ii. 85, 88

Chthonian deities, in terracottas, i. 123 ff.; on vases, ii. 67 ff.

χύτρα, i. 174

χυτρεύς, χυτροπλάθος, i. 232

Ciborium, i. 186, ii. 468

Cicero quoted, ii. 365, 371

Cincelli, potteries at, ii. 480, 483

Cinerary urns, i. 144 ff.; Etruscan, ii. 285, 288; Roman, ii. 456, and see 550; and see _Ossuaria_

Cinnamus, potter, ii. 527

Circle-patterns, ii. 216

Circus, scenes from, on mural reliefs, ii. 370; on lamps, ii. 417, 422

Cistae, Etruscan, compared with vases, ii. 307

Cities personified, ii. 81, 82, 194

Civil use of pottery, see Measures

Civita Castellana, see Falerii

—— Lavinia, terracottas from, i. 98, 101, ii. 316, 317

—— Vecchia, vases from, i. 74

Classical literature, see Literature

Clay, earliest working in, i. 5 ff.; uses of, i. 89 ff.; varieties of, i. 113, 204; used for bricks and tiles, i. 90 ff., ii. 333 ff.; for sarcophagi, i. 104; for models, i. 111, ii. 375; for porcelain objects, i. 127; in sculpture, i. 109 ff., ii. 314, 317, 371 ff.; nature of, for terracotta figures, i. 113, ii. 380; for mural reliefs, ii. 366; for lamps, ii. 404; for Roman pottery, ii. 434 ff., 548; preparation of, for vases, i. 202 ff.; representations of digging for, ii. 170

Clazomenae, vases from, i. 62, 64, 330, 354, 356; as centre of Ionic fabric, i. 350, 354; sarcophagi of, i. 62, 362 ff.; compared with vases, i. 350 ff.

Cobnertus, potter, ii. 440

Coins, terracotta moulds for, i. 106, ii. 390 ff.; compared with R.F. vases, i. 426; evidence of, for Greek alphabets, ii. 246

Colchester, terracottas from, ii. 384; kilns at, ii. 445; vase from, ii. 544

Collections of vases, early, i. 16 ff.; list of existing, i. 27 ff.

Colours used for terracottas, i. 116; for vases, i. 230; in Etruscan art, ii. 299, 321 ff.; for mural reliefs, ii. 366

Combats, ii. 175 ff.; and see Gladiators

Comedy, scenes from, on vases, i. 473, ii. 160

Comitialis, potter, ii. 511

“Complementary” method of representation, ii. 10

Concentric circles, Cypriote, i. 251, ii. 216

_Conclamatio_, ii. 157

Concrete, use of, in Roman buildings, ii. 335 ff.

Condatomagus, see Graufesenque

_Congius_, ii. 472

Consuls, names of, on tiles, ii. 360; on vases, ii. 462, 512

“Continuous” method of representation, ii. 10

Convivial inscriptions, ii. 265, 524, 538

Cooking-vessels, i. 174, ii. 470

Corfu, vases from, i. 54; tiles from, i. 101

Corinth, its early commercial and artistic importance, i. 11, 303; finds of pottery at, i. 50, 139, 304, 305, 307; amphora-handles from, i. 158; clay of, i. 304, 305; industries of, represented on vases, i. 207, 216, 305, 317, ii. 170

Corinthian krater, i. 168; kylix, i. 190; painters, i. 312, 320, 395; pinakes, i. 51, 139, 207, 216, 224, 305, 316, ii. 23, 170, 249, 251; vases generally, i. 304 ff.; sites where found, i. 304; classification, i. 305 ff.; shapes, i. 311 ff., 317; ornamentation, i. 311 ff., 320, ii. 233; subjects, i. 314, 318; inscriptions, i. 315, 326, ii. 249 ff.; potters’ names, i. 315, ii. 250, 273; imitations of, i. 321; types from, on “Tyrrhenian” amphorae, i. 326; points of contact with Ionia, i. 329 ff.; found in Etruria, i. 77, 318, ii. 294 ff., 307

Corintho-Attic vases, see Tyrrhenian

Cornelius, P., potter, ii. 482

Corneto, vases from, i. 74, ii. 284

Cornices of terracotta, i. 97, ii. 344

Cosmogonic deities, ii. 73 ff.

Costume on Greek vases, ii. 200 ff.

Countries personified, ii. 81, 82, 194

“Courting”-scenes, i. 475, ii. 183

_Crater_, see Krater

Crescent patterns, ii. 218

Cretan bull, ii. 96

Crete, finds in, i. 59, 152, 263 ff.; _ossuaria_ in, i. 145, 272; ethnography of, i. 264; early pottery of, i. 265 ff.; as Mycenaean centre, i. 269, 274; influence on later pottery, i. 276; the island personified, ii. 82

Crimea, vases from, i. 60, 330, 340, 447, 448, 464; wine-amphorae from, i. 158

Croesus, see Kroisos

_Crudus_, used of bricks, i. 90, 92; of vases, i. 214

“Cult of Tomb” on lekythi, i. 143, 459, 460, ii. 158; on Apulian vases, i. 144, 476, ii. 158

Cumae, vases from, i. 80, 210; fabrics of, i. 483, ii. 478

Cupid, see Eros

Cups, see Drinking-cup, Kylix, etc.

Curetes and infant Zeus, ii. 368

Curium, tombs at, i. 36, 255, and see 66, 67; vases from, i. 128, 243 ff., 488

Cyathus, ii. 467; and see Kyathos

Cyclades, finds in, i. 56; early pottery of, i. 9, 56, 260 ff., 303

Cyclic poets and vase-subjects, ii. 4, 119 ff.

_Cycnus_, scene from drama of, ii. 531

Cylinders, Assyrian, i. 7

Cyprus, vase-collections in, i. 30; tombs in, i. 34 ff.; finds of pottery, i. 65, 237, 240, 250, 273, 280; terracottas, i. 112, 123 ff.; general character of pottery, i. 236; shapes of vases,. i. 238, 252; Bronze-Age pottery, i. 66, 206, 237 ff.; Mycenaean pottery, i. 239, 244; Graeco-Phoenician, i. 247 ff.; Hellenic, i. 255; Roman, ii. 495, 499; ethnology of inhabitants, i. 240, 248; chronology of pottery, i. 250

Cyrenaica, tombs in, i. 36; vases from, i. 69, 465; terracottas, i. 125, 126; and see Kyrene

Cyrene, see Kyrene

Daidalos, see Ikaros

Daily life, scenes from, on vases, i. 417, 449, 475, ii. 154 ff.; on lamps, ii. 416 ff.; of women and children, ii. 172 ff.

Dali, pottery of, i. 250, 273

Danaë, ii. 19, 112

Danaids, ii. 68

Danaos (?), ii. 140

Dancing scenes on Greek vases, ii. 168, 182; on Arretine vases, see Hieroduli

Daphnae, pottery from, i. 68, 349 ff.; Fikellura style at, i. 338, 352; scale-pattern used at, i. 311, 337, 352, ii. 218

Dardanus, see Troad

Dareios in council, ii. 151

Daulis, vases from, i. 53

Dawn, see Eos

Death-deities, ii. 72; and see Thanatos

Déchelette on Gaulish pottery, ii. 432, 504 ff., 516 ff.

Decoration of vases, artistic value of, i. 14; see Ornamentation, Subjects

Decorative patterns, see Ornamental

Dedicatory inscriptions on Greek vases, i. 139, ii. 242; on lamps, ii. 421

Deepdene, collection of vases at, i. 17, 27, 323

Deianeira, ii. 102, 104

Deinos (vase-shape), i. 173

Deities, terracotta statuettes of, i. 122; Gaulish, ii. 384 ff.; representations of, on vases, see Chaps. XII., XIII.; on lamps, ii. 408 ff.; Etruscan, ii. 310

Delos as centre of vase-fabric (?), i. 57, 302; braziers made at, i. 105

Delphi, pottery from, i. 53

Delphic scenes on vases, ii. 29 ff., 103, 138

Delphiniform lamps, ii. 399

Demeter, ii. 26 ff., 189; bust of, in terracotta, i. 123

Demons, on braziers, i. 105; and see Death-deities

Δημόσια on tiles, i. 102; on a washing-basin, ii. 260

Δημόσιον on a measure, i. 135

Demosthenes, allusions to vases in, i. 133, 142

Dennis, explorations of, in the Cyrenaica, i. 36; in Etruria, i. 38; in Sicily, i. 87

Departure-scenes on vases, ii. 176

δέπας, i. 148, 181

_Depositio_-scenes, i. 459, ii. 157

Descriptive names, ii. 91, 260

Devices on shields, ii. 198

Diadumenos, terracotta figure of, i. 126

Diana on Gaulish pottery, ii. 507, 508; and see Artemis

Diitrephes (?), ii. 151

Dike, ii. 69, 89

Dimini, pottery from, i. 54

δίμυξος (of lamps), i. 107

Diocletian, tile-stamps in reign of, ii. 353, 362

Diogenes on lamp, ii. 415, 421; tub of, i. 151

Diomedes, horses of, ii. 98

—— in Trojan scenes, ii. 127, 128, 133

Diomos (tribal hero) ?, ii. 140

Dionysiac personifications, ii. 64 ff., 91; scenes on vases, ii. 32, 54, 57 ff.; on R.F. vases, i. 416; on mural reliefs, ii. 369; on lamps, ii. 411; on Arretine vases, ii. 492, 493

Dionysos on vases, ii. 55 ff., 191; in ship, i. 381; in Gigantomachia, ii. 14, 56; birth of, ii. 19, 55; in Attica, ii. 139; sacrifices to, i. 140, ii. 60

Dioskuri on vases, ii. 93, 115, 194; on lamps, ii. 413

Diota, i. 154, 163, ii. 460

Dipylon, cemetery of, i. 9, 48, 280; vases from, i. 48, 247, 253, 255, 280 ff.; ornamentation, i. 282, ii. 232; subjects, i. 285, ii. 157, 178; chronology, i. 291; influence on later vases, i. 293, 298; early inscribed vase from, ii. 243

Discovery of vases, circumstances of, i. 33 ff.

Discs of terracotta of unknown use, i. 105, 106

_Discus_ (δίσκος), name of vase, i. 194, ii. 469; part of lamp, ii. 395

Dishes, Greek, i. 194; Roman, ii. 468

Diskos, throwing of, ii. 163

Divixtus, potter, ii. 527

Dodwell pyxis, i. 50, 315, ii. 250

Dörpfeld, discoveries of, at Troy, i. 61, 153, 257, 259

Δοκιμασία of Athenian knights, ii. 177

_Doliarius_, ii. 457, 511

_Dolium_, ii. 438, 457 ff.; and see Pithos

Dolls of terracotta, i. 113, 114, 120

Dolon, story of, i. 363, ii. 128

Domestic use of vases, i. 136, 138, and see 252; Roman, ii. 431, 455 ff., 549 ff.

_Domitia gens_, tiles of, ii. 357, 358

Dorian invasion, i. 245, 277

Doric architecture, use of tiles in, i. 94; dialect used at Athens, ii. 256

Douai, potters’ stamps from, ii. 503

Dragendorff on Roman pottery in Greece, ii. 476, 498; on Arretine ware, ii. 482, 489 ff.; on provincial ware, ii. 499 ff.; on Roman red glaze, ii. 435

Drain-pipes, see Pipes

Drama, subjects from, on late vases, i. 471 ff., ii. 7, 159 ff.

Drapery, treatment of, on B.F. vases, i. 372; on R.F., i. 408; and see ii. 201

Drawing on Greek vases, technique of, i. 222 ff.; on B.F. vases, i. 371; on R.F., i. 406 ff.; on white-ground vases, i. 457; on South Italian, i. 470; and see i. 396

Dress on vases, see Costume, Drapery

Dressel on tile-stamps, ii. 352 ff.; on Arretine stamps, ii. 486, 487

Drinking-cups, i. 148 ff., 180 ff.; Roman, ii. 467, and see 475

Dümmler on Cypriote pottery, i. 240; on Rhodian, i. 336; on Daphnae pottery, i. 350; on Caeretan vases, i. 354; on “Pontic,” i. 359; on Etruscan imitations of Caeretan, ii. 308

Duris, vase-painter, i. 21, 421, 434 ff., 440, ii. 263, 268

Earth-Mother, see Gaia, Κουροτρόφος

_Echea_, ii. 457

Echelos, see Basile

Echo, ii. 81; and see Pan

Egg-pattern, ii. 220

ἐγκοτύλη, ii. 167

Egnazia, see Gnatia

ἔγραψε, form of signature, i. 379, 422, ii. 257 ff., 273 ff.

Egypt, pre-dynastic pottery of, i. 4; brick used in, i. 6, 94; use of wheel in, i. 7; enamels of, i. 8; pottery found in, i. 67; lamps in, i. 107; porcelain ware, i. 126 ff.; influence of, on Cypriote pottery, i. 239, 247 ff.; Cypriote pottery in, i. 239, 242, 243; evidence from, for Cretan and Mycenaean pottery, i. 266, 267, 271; influence of, in Etruria, ii. 299, 303, 304

Egyptian situla at Daphnae, i. 350; subjects on Caeretan vases, i. 355; in Roman mural reliefs, ii. 370; in Gaulish terracottas, ii. 386; on lamps, ii. 402, 403, 412

Egyptians on vases, ii. 180

εἴδωλα, i. 460, ii. 72, 193

Eileithyia, ii. 15, 76

Eirene, ii. 85

ἐκεράμευσε, form of signature, i. 379, ii. 258

Ekphantos, painter, i. 312, 320, 395

Elateia, tiles from, i. 102

Elektra, ii. 137

Eleusinian mysteries, supposed references to, i. 21; scenes relating to, ii. 27; and see Demeter, Persephone

Eleusis, finds of vases at, i. 49; personified, ii. 82

ἐλλύχνιον, i. 107

ἐμβάφιον, i. 124

ἐμβλήματα, i. 130; and see _Appliqué_ reliefs

Emperors’ names on tiles, ii. 354 ff.; on pottery, ii. 462

Enamelling, i. 8, 126 ff.

Endt on Ionic vases, i. 350, 354 ff.

England, see Britain

Enkelados, ii. 13

Enkomi, vases from, i. 66, 127, 242 ff.

Eos, ii. 79; with Kephalos, i. 98, ii. 80; with Memnon, ii. 132

Epexegetic system of interpretation, i. 20

Ephebi on R.F. vases, i. 417

ἔφηβος, i. 179

ἐφεδρισμός, ii. 167

Ephialtes, ii. 13

Epic poetry and vases, ii. 3 ff.

Epichysis, i. 179, 469

Epidromos καλός, i. 425

Epigenes, potter, i. 445

Epiktetos, vase-painter, i. 379, 398, 420, 422, 425; cups from school of, i. 417, 425 ff.

Epilykos, vase-painter, i. 424

ἐπίνητρον, i. 199

ἐποίησε, form of signature, i. 379, 422, ii. 257 ff., 273 ff.

Epona, ii. 386

Eretria, vases from, i. 55, 458

ἐρεύς, i. 194

_Ergasterion_, i. 233

Erginos, potter, i. 444

—— and heralds, ii. 102

Ergotimos, potter, i. 370, 379, 380, ii. 257

Erichthonios, birth of, ii. 139

Erinnyes, see Furies

Eriphyle, ii. 118

Eris, ii. 90, 194

Eros in terracottas, i. 126; on vases, i. 377, 418, 475, 486, ii. 45 ff., and see ii. 89; types of, i. 486, ii. 45, 48, 191; with Aphrodite, ii. 42 ff.; on mural reliefs, ii. 369; on lamps, ii. 410

Erymanthian boar, ii. 97

Erythrae, amphorae in temple at, i. 205

Esquiline, lamps from, ii. 393, 399, and see 481; pottery from, ii. 477

Ethical ideas on vases, ii. 89

Ethiopians, ii. 180

ἦθμος, i. 175

Ethnography of Crete, i. 264; of Mycenaeans, i. 275

Ethnological value of study of vases, i. 10

ἐτνήρυσις, i. 180

Etruria, discoveries in, i. 19, 72 ff.; tombs of, i. 37, 78, 104, 145, ii. 284 ff.; architecture of, in terracotta, i. 101, ii. 313 ff.; terracotta sarcophagi, i. 104, ii. 299, 317, 320 ff.; sculpture in terracotta, i. 109, ii. 313, 317; relations with Greece in Geometrical period, i. 292, ii. 289 ff.; vase-painting in, i. 358, ii. 307 ff.; relief wares of, i. 496, 501, ii. 292 ff.; paintings on terracotta, ii. 299, 319; earliest civilisation of, ii. 282 ff.; earliest pottery, ii. 285; wheel-made, ii. 290; Villanuova period in, ii. 290 ff.; early Greek influence in, ii. 291, 293, 296 ff., 303; early Oriental influence, ii. 292, 296 ff.; character of art of, ii. 309, 322; Roman pottery in, ii. 486, and see Arretine ware

Etruscan alphabet, ii. 311; artists at Rome, ii. 372; inscriptions on vases, ii. 310; pottery, see _Bucchero_, Cervetri, Polledrara

“Etruscan” theory of origin of Greek vases, i. 18, 79

Etruscans, origin of, ii. 281

Euboea personified, ii. 82; vases found in, i. 55; and see Chalkis, Eretria

Eucheiros, painter, i. 395

Eucheiros, potter, i. 374, 379, 384

Euergides, potter, i. 424

Eumaros, painter, i. 317, 371, 396

Euphorbos-plate or pinax, i. 334, 335, ii. 129, 249

Euphronios, potter and painter, i. 398, 402, 403, 421 ff., 428, 430 ff., 440

Euripides, subjects from, on vases, i. 472, 500, ii. 162; on lamp, ii. 415, 421

Europa, ii. 19

Eurystheus, i. 151, ii. 97

Euthymides, vase-painter, i. 421, 427, ii. 258

Euxitheos, potter, i. 421, 429

Evans, Dr. A. J., discoveries of, i. 59, 152, 265 ff.

ἐξάλειπτρον, i. 198

Exarchos (Abae), vase from, i. 217

Excavations, vases found in, i. 138; and see