Part 65

The butcher cannot adulterate the beef and the mutton, but he can send home _short weight;_ and in casting up a bill, he can reckon the odd ounces at one penny each, instead of one halfpenny; and the baker, besides putting alum into the bread, to make it white and retain water, can send home deficient weight; the same with the grocer, the greengrocer, and the coal merchant; the publican can give short measure, and froth up the porter to fill the jug and disguise the shortness of quantity; and the draper can slip his scissors on the wrong side of his finger, and make a yard contain only thirty-three inches. We don't mean to say that they _do_ this, nor do we mean to say that they _don't._ We argue, _that people ought to possess the means of ascertaining who among shopkeepers are honest, and who are not;_ then the just would meet with justice, and the unjust would suffer for their own sins.

2760. Nutritious Proportions.

Bread contains eighty nutritious parts in 100; meal, thirty-four in 100; French beans, ninety-two in 100; common beans, eighty-nine in 100; peas, ninety-three in 100; lentils, ninety-four in 100; cabbages and turnips, the most aqueous of all the vegetables compared, produce only eight pounds of solid matter in 100 pounds; carrots and spinach produce fourteen in the same quantity; whilst 100 pounds of potatoes contain twenty-five pounds of dry substance. From a general estimate it results, that one pound of good bread is equal to two pounds and a half or three pounds of potatoes; that seventy-five pounds of bread and thirty of meat may be substituted for 300 pounds of potatoes. The other substances bear the followed proportions: four parts of cabbage to one of potatoes; three parts of turnips to one of potatoes; two parts of carrots and spinach to one of potatoes; and about three parts and a half of potatoes to one of rice, lentils, beans, French beans, and dry peas.

2761. Use of Fruit.

Instead of standing in any fear of a generous consumption of ripe fruits, we regard them as conducive to health. We have no patience in reading the endless rules to be observed in this particular department of physical comfort. No one ever lived longer or freer from disease by discarding the fruits of the land in which he finds a home. On the contrary, they are necessary to the preservation of health, and are therefore designed to make their appearance at the very time when the condition of the body, operated upon by deteriorating causes not always understood, requires their renovative influences.

2762. Blackberries.

Blackberries are very beneficial in cases of dysentery. The berries are healthful eating. Tea made of the roots and leaves is good; and syrup made from the berries excellent.

2763. Sloe Wine.

Sloe wine is useful in cases of diarrhoea, the astringent properties of this fruit tending to counteract relaxation of the bowels. It is made by steeping sloes in water, and letting them stand therein until a thick coating of mildew is formed on the surface. This is removed, and the liquor is then strained and bottled, and tightly corked down. Not more than from half a wine-glassful to a wine-glassful should be taken when required.

2764. Early Milk.

"Morning's Milk," says an eminent German philosopher, "commonly yields some hundredths more cream than the evening's at the same temperature. That milked at noon furnishes the least; it would therefore be of advantage, in making butter, &c., to employ the morning's milk, and keep the evening's for domestic use."

[OF ALL SMELLS, BREAD; OF ALL TASTES, SALT.]

2765. Lawn Tennis.

This fashionable and delightful game, suitable for both ladies and gentlemen, is generally played on a lawn or grass-plat by two, three, or four players, with balls and racquet bats. The object of the game is to strike a ball over a net and keep it in play backwards and forwards within certain limits. The court or ground may be of any size consistent with the lawn, the base lines being marked out by chalk, or tapes slightly pinned to the turf, which should be frequently mown and rolled. The mode of play may be seen from the following leading rules, which are now generally accepted by all players.

2766. Rules of Lawn Tennis.

i. The _Court_, for a single-handed game, should be 78 ft. long and 27 ft. wide, and for a double-handed game the same length, but 36 ft. wide, divided across the centre by a _net_ attached to two upright posts. The net should be 3 ft. 6 in. high at the posts, and 3 ft. at the centre. At each end of the court, parallel with the net, are the _base lines_, whose extremities are connected by the _side lines_. The _half-court line_ is halfway between the side lines and parallel with them. The _service lines_ are 21 ft. from the net and parallel with it.

ii. The _balls_ should be 2-1/2 in. in diameter and 2 oz. in weight.

iii. The players stand on opposite sides of the net. The player who first delivers the ball is called the _server_, the other the _striker-out_.

iv. At the end of each game the striker-out becomes server, and the server striker-out.

v. The server stands with one foot beyond the base line, and delivers the service from the right and left courts alternately.

vi. The balls served must, without touching the net, drop within the court nearest to the net, diagonally opposite to that from which the striker serves it.

vii. If the service be delivered from the wrong court it is a _fault_. It is also a fault if the server does not stand in the manner as stated above, or if the ball served drop in the net or beyond the service line, or if it drop out of court, or go in the wrong court.

viii. A fault must not be taken, that is, played back to the server.

ix. The striker-out may not _volley_ the service. Volleying is striking the ball back before it has touched the ground.

x. The ball, having been returned, must be kept in play either by volleying it, or striking it back after the first bounce. A ball bouncing twice is out of play.

xi. If, in serving, the ball touch the net and go over into the proper court, it counts to neither server nor striker-out.

xii. The server scores if the striker-out volley the service, or fail to return the service in such a way that the ball would fall within the opponents' court.

xiii. Two consecutive faults count a stroke against the server.

xiv. If the ball when in play touch either player it scores a stroke for his opponent.

xv. The first stroke won by either player scores 15 to that player; the second, won by the same player, raises his score to 30, his third stroke to 40, and his fourth counts _game_. If, however, the players have both scored 40, it is called _deuce_, and the next stroke won by either is called _advantage_ to the winner of it, and if he also win the following stroke he scorea _game_. Should he lose it the score returns to _deuce_. The player winning two consecutive strokes directly following a _deuce_ scores game.

xvi. Whichever player first scores six games is considered to win the _set_.

2767. Three--Handed and Four-Handed Lawn Tennis.

i. The laws as given above apply equally to these games. The difference in the width of the court has been stated.

ii. In Four-handed Tennis the players deliver the service in turns: thus supposing A and B are partners opposed to C and D; A serves in the first game, C in the second, B serves in the third, and D in the fourth, and so on.

iii. In Three-handed Tennis the single player serves in each alternate game.

iv. No player may return a service that has been delivered to his partner.

2768. Badminton.

Badminton is a game similar to Lawn Tennis, but it is played with shuttlecocks instead of balls, and over a higher net.

[THAT THOU MAYEST INJURE NO MAN, DOVE-LIKE BE.]

2769. Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes.

INLAND BILL OF EXCHANGE, Draft, or Order for the payment to the bearer, or to order, at any time, otherwise than on demand, of any sum of money,

Duty. £ s. d. Not above..................... £5 | 0 0 1 above £5 and not above 10 | 0 0 2 " 10 " 25 | 0 0 3 " 25 " 50 | 0 0 6 " 50 " 75 | 0 0 9 " 75 " 100 | 0 1 0 " 100 " 200 | 0 2 0 " 200 " 300 | 0 3 0 " 300 " 400 | 0 4 0 " 400 " 500 | 0 5 0 " 500 " 600 | 0 6 0 " 600 " 700 | 0 7 0 " 700 " 800 | 0 8 0 " 800 " 900 | 0 9 0 " 900 " 1000 | 0 10 0

And for every additional £100 or fractional part of £100, 1s.

2770. Percentages or Discounts.

Showing the Reduction per £ on Discounts allowed for Cash Purchases, at Rates ranging from 1 to 50 per cent.

s. d. s. d. _ 0-1/2 p.c. is 0 1 per £ | 11 p.c. is 2 2-1/2 per £ 1 " 0 2-1/2 " | 12 " 2 5 " 1-1/2 " 0 3-1/2 " | 12-1/2 " 2 6 " 2 " 0 5 " | 13 " 2 7 " 2-1/2 " 0 6 " | 14 " 2 9-1/2 " 3 " 0 7 " | 15 " 3 0 " 3-1/2 " 0 8-1/2 " | 17-1/2 " 3 6 " 4 " 0 9-1/2 " | 20 " 4 0 " 4-1/2 " 0 11 " | 22-1/2 " 4 6 " 5 " 1 0 " | 25 " 5 0 " 5-1/2 " 1 1 " | 27-1/2 " 5 6 " 6 " 1 2-1/2 " | 30 " 6 0 " 6-1/2 " 1 3-1/2 " | 32-1/2 " 6 6 " 7 " 1 5 " | 35 " 7 0 " 7-1/2 " 1 6 " | 37-1/2 " 7 6 " 8 " 1 7 " | 40 " 8 0 " 8-1/2 " 1 8-1/2 " | 42-1/2 " 8 6 " 9 " 1 9-1/2 " | 45 " 9 0 " 9-1/2 " 1 11 " | 47-1/2 " 10 6 " 10 " 2 0 " | 50 " 10 0 "

2771. A Table of the Number of Days, from any Day of any one Month to the same Day of any other Month.

From Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

To Jan. 365 334 306 275 245 214 184 153 122 92 61 31 Feb. 31 365 337 306 276 245 215 184 153 123 92 62 Mar. 59 28 365 334 304 273 243 212 181 151 120 90 Apr. 90 59 31 365 335 304 274 243 212 182 151 121 May 120 89 61 30 365 334 304 273 242 212 181 151 June 151 120 92 61 31 365 335 304 273 243 212 182 July 181 150 122 91 61 30 365 334 303 273 242 212 Aug. 212 181 153 122 92 61 31 365 334 304 273 243 Sep. 243 212 184 153 123 92 62 31 365 335 304 274 Oct. 273 242 214 183 153 122 92 61 30 365 334 304 Nov. 304 273 245 214 184 153 123 92 61 31 365 335 Dec. 334 303 275 244 214 183 153 122 91 61 30 365

USE OF THE ABOVE TABLE.

What is the number of days from 10th of October to 10th July? Look in the upper line for October, let your eye descend down that column till you come opposite to July, and you will find 273 days, the exact number of days required. Again, what is the number of days from 16th of February to 14th August?

Under February, and opposite to August, is 181 days From which subtract the difference between 14 and 16 2 days ____ The exact number of days required is 179 days

N.B.--In Leap Year, if the last day February comes between, add one day for the day over to the number in the Table.

[...AND SERPENT-LIKE, THAT NONE MAY INJURE THEE.]

2772. For Mistresses and Servants: Table of Expenses, Income and Wages.

_Showing at one view what any sum, from £1 to £1,000 per Annum, is per Day, Week, or Month._

Per Year. Per Month. Per Week. Per Day.

£ s. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d.

1 is 1 8 0 4-1/2 0-3/4 1 10 2 6 0 7 1 2 0 3 4 0 9-1/4 1-1/4 2 2 4 6 0 9-3/4 1-1/2 2 0 5 2 0 11-1/2 1-3/4 3 0 5 0 1 1-3/4 2 3 3 5 3 1 2-1/2 2 3 10 6 10 1 4-1/4 2-1/4 4 0 6 8 1 6-1/2 2-3/4 4 4 7 0 1 7-1/2 2-3/4 4 10 7 6 1 8-3/4 3 5 0 8 4 1 11 3-1/4 5 5 8 9 2 0-1/4 3-1/2 5 10 9 2 2 1-1/2 3-3/4 6 0 10 0 2 3-3/4 4 6 6 10 6 2 5 4-1/4 6 10 10 10 2 6 4-1/4 7 0 11 8 2 8-1/4 4-1/2 7 7 12 3 2 10 4-3/4 7 10 12 6 2 10-1/2 5 8 0 13 4 3 1 5-1/4 ---------------------------------------------------------------

Per Year. Per Month. Per Week. Per Day.

£ s. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d.

8 8 14 0 3 2-3/4 0 5-1/4 8 10 0 14 2 3 3-1/4 0 5-1/4 9 0 0 15 0 3 5-1/2 0 6 9 9 0 15 9 3 7-1/2 0 6-1/4 10 0 0 16 8 3 10-1/4 0 6-1/2 10 10 0 17 6 4 0-1/2 0 7 11 0 0 18 4 4 3-3/4 0 7-1/4 11 11 0 19 3 4 5-1/4 0 7-1/2 12 0 1 0 0 4 7-1/2 0 8 12 12 1 1 0 4 10-1/4 0 8-1/4 13 0 1 1 8 5 0 0 8-1/2 13 13 1 2 9 5 3 0 9 14 0 1 3 4 5 4-1/2 0 9-1/4 14 14 1 4 6 5 7-3/4 0 9-3/4 15 0 1 5 0 5 9-1/4 0 9-3/4 15 15 1 6 3 6 0-3/4 0 10-1/4 16 0 1 6 8 6 1-3/4 0 10-1/2 16 16 1 8 0 6 5-1/2 0 11 17 0 1 8 4 6 6-1/2 0 11-1/4 17 17 1 9 0 6 10-1/2 0 11-3/4 18 0 1 10 0 6 11 0 11-3/4 ---------------------------------------------------------------

Per Year. Per Month. Per Week. Per Day.

£ s. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d.

18 18 1 11 6 0 7 3-1/4 0 1 0-1/2 19 0 1 11 8 0 7 3-3/4 0 1 0-1/2 20 0 1 13 4 0 7 8-1/4 0 1 1-1/4 25 0 2 1 8 0 9 7 0 1 4-1/2 30 0 2 10 0 0 11 6-1/2 0 1 7-3/4 40 0 3 6 8 0 15 4-1/2 0 2 2-1/4 50 0 4 3 4 0 19 2-3/4 0 2 9 60 0 5 0 0 1 3 1 0 3 3-1/2 70 0 5 16 8 1 6 11 0 3 10 80 0 6 13 4 1 10 9-1/4 0 4 4-1/2 90 0 7 10 0 1 14 7-1/2 0 4 11-1/4 100 0 8 6 8 1 18 5-1/2 0 5 5-3/4 200 0 16 13 4 3 16 11 0 10 11-1/2 300 0 25 0 0 5 15 4-1/2 0 16 5-1/4 400 0 33 6 8 7 13 10-1/4 1 1 11 500 0 41 18 4 9 12 3-3/4 1 7 4-3/4 600 0 50 0 0 11 10 9-1/4 1 12 10-1/2 700 0 58 6 8 13 9 2-3/4 1 18 4-1/4 800 0 66 13 4 15 7 8-1/4 2 3 10 900 0 75 0 0 17 6 1-3/4 2 9 3-3/4 1000 0 83 6 8 19 4 7-1/4 2 14 9-1/2 ---------------------------------------------------------------

2773. Interest Table for Savings, Investments, &c.

_Showing what any sum, from £1 to £500, will produce for a given number of days, which may be, by simple addition, calculated at £5 per cent._ for Months or Years, for sums up to £5,000 or any other amount.

1 Day. 2 Days. 3 Days. 4 Days. 5 Days.

£ s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/4 4 0 0 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/2 0 0-1/2 5 0 0 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/2 0 0-3/4 6 0 0 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/2 0 0-3/4 0 0-3/4 7 0 0 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/2 0 0-3/4 0 1 8 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/2 0 0-3/4 0 1 0 1-1/4 9 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/2 0 0-3/4 0 1 0 1-1/2 10 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/2 0 0-3/4 0 1-1/4 0 1-1/2 20 0 0-1/2 0 1-1/4 0 1-3/4 0 2-1/2 0 3-1/4 30 0 0-3/4 0 1-3/4 0 2-3/4 0 3-3/4 0 4-3/4 40 0 1-1/4 0 2-1/4 0 3-3/4 0 5-1/4 0 6-1/2 50 0 1-1/2 0 3-1/4 0 4-3/4 0 6-1/2 0 8 60 0 1-3/4 0 3-3/4 0 5-3/4 0 7-3/4 0 9-3/4 70 0 2-1/4 0 4-1/2 0 6-3/4 0 9 0 11-1/2 80 0 2-1/2 0 5-1/4 0 7-3/4 0 10-1/2 1 1 90 0 2-3/4 0 5-3/4 0 8-3/4 0 11-3/4 1 2-3/4 100 0 3-1/4 0 6-1/2 0 9-3/4 1 1 1 4-1/4 200 0 6-1/2 1 1 1 7-1/2 2 2-1/4 2 8-3/4 300 0 9-3/4 1 7-1/2 2 5-1/2 3 3-1/4 4 1-1/4 400 1 1 2 2-1/4 3 3-1/4 4 4-1/2 5 5-3/4 500 1 4-1/4 2 8-3/4 4 1-1/4 5 5-3/4 6 10

---------------------------------------------------------------

5 Days. 6 Days. 7 Days. 8 Days. 9 Days.

£ s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0-1/4 0 0-1/4 2 1 0-1/4 1 0-1/4 1 0-1/4 1 0-1/2 0 0-1/2 3 1 0-1/4 1 0-1/2 1 0-1/2 1 0-3/4 0 0-3/4 4 1 0-1/2 1 0-3/4 1 0-3/4 1 1 0 1 5 1 0-3/4 1 0-3/4 1 1 1 1-1/4 0 1-1/4 6 1 0-3/4 1 1 1 1-1/4 1 1-1/2 0 1-3/4 7 1 1 1 1-1/4 1 1-1/2 1 1-3/4 0 2 8 1 1-1/4 1 1-1/2 1 1-3/4 1 2 0 2-1/4 9 1 1-1/2 1 1-3/4 1 2 1 2-1/4 0 2-1/2 10 1 1-1/2 1 1-3/4 1 2-1/4 1 2-1/2 0 2-3/4 20 1 3-1/4 1 3-3/4 1 4-1/2 1 5-1/4 0 5-3/4 30 1 4-3/4 1 5-3/4 1 6-3/4 1 7-3/4 0 8-3/4 40 1 6-1/2 1 7-3/4 1 9 1 10-1/2 0 11-3/4 50 1 8 1 9-3/4 1 11-1/2 1 1 1 2-3/4 60 1 9-3/4 1 11-3/4 1 1-3/4 1 3-3/4 1 5-3/4 70 1 11-1/2 1 1-3/4 1 4 1 6-1/4 1 8-1/2 80 1 1 1 3-3/4 1 6-1/4 1 9 1 11-1/2 90 1 2-3/4 1 5-3/4 1 8-1/2 1 11-1/2 2 2-1/2 100 1 4-1/4 1 7-1/2 1 11 2 2-1/4 2 5-1/2 200 2 8-3/4 3 3-1/4 3 10 4 4-1/2 4 11 300 4 1-1/4 4 11 5 9 6 6-3/4 7 4-3/4 400 5 5-3/4 6 6-3/4 7 8 8 2 9 10-1/4 500 6 10 8 2-1/2 9 7 10 11-1/2 12 3-3/4 ---------------------------------------------------------------

9 Days. 10 Days. 20 Days. 30 Days. _ £ s. d. s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. _ 1 0 0-1/4 0 0-1/4 0 0 0-1/2 0 0 0-3/4 2 0 0-1/2 0 0-1/2 0 0 1-1/4 0 0 1-3/4 3 0 0-3/4 0 0-3/4 0 0 1-3/4 0 0 2-3/4 4 0 1 0 1-1/4 0 0 2-1/2 0 0 3-3/4 5 0 1-1/4 0 1-1/2 0 0 3-1/4 0 0 4-3/4 6 0 1-3/4 0 1-3/4 0 0 3-3/4 0 0 5-3/4 7 0 2 0 2-1/4 0 0 4-1/2 0 0 6-3/4 8 0 2-1/4 0 2-1/2 0 0 5-1/4 0 0 7-3/4 9 0 2-1/2 0 2-3/4 0 0 5-3/4 0 0 8-3/4 10 0 2-3/4 0 3-1/4 0 0 6-1/2 0 0 9-1/4 20 0 5-3/4 0 6-1/2 0 1 1 0 1 7-1/2 30 0 8-3/4 0 9-3/4 0 1 7-1/2 0 2 5-1/2 40 0 11-3/4 1 1 0 2 2-1/4 0 3 3-1/4 50 1 2-3/4 1 4-1/4 0 2 8-3/4 0 4 1-1/4 60 1 5-3/4 1 7-1/2 0 3 8-1/4 0 4 11 70 1 8-1/2 1 11 0 3 10 0 5 9 80 1 11-1/2 2 2-1/4 0 4 4-1/2 0 6 9-3/4 90 2 2-1/2 2 5-1/2 0 4 11 0 7 4-3/4 100 2 5-1/2 2 8-3/4 0 5 5-3/4 0 8 2-1/2 200 4 11 5 5-3/4 0 10 11-1/2 0 16 5-1/4 300 7 4-3/4 8 2-1/2 0 16 5-1/4 1 4 7-3/4 400 9 10-1/4 10 11-1/2 1 1 11 1 12 10-1/2 500 12 3-3/4 13 8-1/4 1 7 4-3/4 2 1 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------

[THE GROAT IS ILL SAVED WHICH SHAMES ITS MASTER.]

2774. Interest Table for One Year.

_By this Table unlimited calculations may made. Thus, to find interest on £1,250 per annum, add sums given for £1,000, £200, and £50. 2 per cent, is found by taking half of 4 p.c; 8 p.c., by doubling 4 p.c.; 7-1/2 p.c., by adding 5 to 2-1/2 p.c., and so on._