CHAPTER XII

.--METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING BRIDGE

PIERS AND ABUTMENTS 230

Introduction--Rectangular Pier for a Railway Bridge--Backing for Bridge Piers and Abutments--Pneumatic Caissons, Williamsburg Bridge--Filling Pier Cylinders--Piers, Calf Killer River Bridge--Constructing 21 Bridge Piers--Permanent Way Structures, Kansas City Outer Belt & Electric Ry.--Plate Girder Bridge Abutments--Abutments and Piers, Lonesome Valley Viaduct--Hand Mixing and Wheelbarrow Work for Bridge Piers.

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