CHAPTER XII

STONE CASTLES OF THE NORMAN PERIOD 351

APPENDICES

A. PRIMITIVE FOLK-MOOTS 381 B. WATLING STREET AND THE DANELAGH 382 C. THE MILITARY ORIGIN OF THE BOROUGHS 382 D. THE WORDS "CASTRUM" AND "CASTELLUM" 383 E. THE BURGHAL HIDAGE 385 F. THELWALL 385 G. THE WORD "BRETASCHE" 386 H. THE WORD "HURDICIUM" 387 I. THE WORD "HERICIO" 388 K. THE CASTLE OF YALE 388 L. THE CASTLE OF TULLOW 389 M. THE CASTLE OF SLANE 390 N. THE WORD "DONJON" 390 O. THE ARRANGEMENTS IN EARLY KEEPS 391 P. KEEPS AS RESIDENCES 392 Q. CASTLES BUILT BY HENRY I. 392 R. THE SO-CALLED SHELL KEEP 393 S. PROFESSOR LLOYD'S "HISTORY OF WALES" 393

SCHEDULE OF ENGLISH CASTLES FROM THE ELEVENTH CENTURY 396

INDEX 401

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND PLANS

FIG.

Motte-Castles from the Bayeux Tapestry:--Dol, Rennes, Dinan, Bayeux, Hastings _Frontispiece_

FACING PAGE

1. Typical Motte-Castles:--Topcliffe, Yorks; Laughton-en-le-Morthen, Yorks; Anstey, Herts; Dingestow, Monmouth; Hedingham, Essex 4

2. Anglo-Saxon MS. of Prudentius 19

3. Wallingford, Berks; Wareham, Dorset 28

4. Eddisbury, Cheshire; Witham, Essex 36

5. Plan of Towcester about 1830 42

6. Shoebury, Essex 52

7. Willington, Beds 59

8. Arundel, Sussex; Abergavenny, Monmouth 98

9. Barnstaple, Devon; Berkhampstead, Herts; Bishop's Stortford, Herts 102

10. Bourn, Lincs; Bramber, Sussex 108

11. Caerleon, Monmouth; Carisbrooke 114

12. Carlisle; Castle Acre, Norfolk 124

13. Clifford, Hereford; Clitheroe, Lancs; Corfe, Dorset 128

14. Dover (from a plan in the British Museum, 1756) 138

15. Dunster, Somerset; Dudley, Staffs 144

16. Durham 146

17. Ely, Cambs; Ewias Harold, Hereford; Eye, Suffolk 150

18. Hastings, Sussex; Huntingdon 158

19. Launceston, Cornwall; Lewes, Sussex 164

20. Lincoln 166

21. Monmouth; Montacute, Somerset; Morpeth, Northumberland 168

22. Norham; Nottingham 172

23. Norwich (from Harrod's _Gleanings among the Castles and Convents of Norfolk_, p. 133) 174

24. Okehampton, Devon; Penwortham, Lancs; Pevensey, Sussex 178

25. Oxford (from _Oxonia Illustrata_, David Loggan, 1675) 180

26. Pontefract, Yorks; Preston Capes, Northants; Quatford, Salop 188

27. Rayleigh, Essex; Richard's Castle, Hereford 192

28. Richmond, Yorks; Rochester, Kent 194

29. Rockingham, Northants 202

30. Old Sarum, Wilts 204

31. Shrewsbury; Skipsea, Yorks 208

32. Stafford; Tamworth, Staffs; Stanton Holgate, Salop; Tickhill, Yorks 212

33. Tonbridge, Kent; Totnes, Devon 220

34. Trematon, Cornwall; Tutbury, Staffs 226

35. Wallingford, Berks 228

36. Warwick; Wigmore, Hereford 232

37. Winchester (from a plan by W. Godson, 1750) 234

38. Windsor Castle (from Ashmole's _Order of the Garter_) 236

39. York Castle and Baile Hill (from a plan by P. Chassereau, 1750) 244

40. Motte-Castles of North Wales:--Mold, Welshpool, Wrexham, Mathraval 260

41. Motte-Castles of South Wales:--Cilgerran, Blaenporth, Chastell Gwalter 282

42. Motte-Castles of South Wales:--Builth, Gemaron, Payn's Castle 290

43. Motte-Castles of South Wales:--Cardiff, Loughor 294

44. Scottish Motte-Castles:--Annan, Moffat, Duffus, Old Hermitage 310

45. Irish Motte-Castles:--Ardmayle, Downpatrick, Drogheda, Castleknock 336

THE EARLY NORMAN CASTLES OF THE BRITISH ISLES

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