part ii

. (1857) 836-869.

PRITZEL, Thesaurus literaturæ botanicæ. 1872.

=Acosta=, Christóbal, physician at Burgos; he travelled in the east and visited Mosambique and Cochin; died A.D. 1580.—_Tractado_ de las Drogas y medicinas de las Indias Orientales con sus Plantas debuxadas al biuvo por Christoual Acosta medico y cirujano que las vio ocularmente. Burgos, 1578. Small 4°, 448 pages (and 38 pages indices). There are translations in Latin by _Clusius_, 1582; in Italian, 1585; in French by _Antoine Colin_, 1619, etc.

See pages 154. 423. 462. 503. 565.

=Actuarius, Johannes=, a physician to the court of Constantinople, towards the end of the 13th century, author of “_Methodus medendi_,” and “_De medicamentorum compositione_.” Both these works were repeatedly printed during the 16th century; we are not aware of any recent editions.

See pages 222. 263.

=Ægineta=—See =Paulos=.

=Aëtius= of Amida, now Diarbekir, on the upper Tigris. He wrote, probably about A.D. 540-550, Aëtii medici græci ex veteribus medicinæ _Tetrabiblos_. Basileæ, 1542.

See pages 35. 175. 271. 511. 559.

=Albertus Magnus= (Count Albert von Bollstädt), 1193-1280, a Dominican monk, Bishop of Regensburg (Ratisbon).—Alberti Magni ex ordine Prædicatorum _De vegetabilibus_ libri vii., historiæ naturalis pars xviii. Edit. E. Meyer and C. Jessen. 1867.

See pages 543. 568. 678.

=Alexander Trallianus=, of Tralles, now Aïdin-Güsilhissar, south-east of Smyrna, an eminent physician who wrote about the middle of the 6th century of our era, possibly at Rome.—Alexandri Tralliani medici libri xii. Edit. Joanne Guintero. Basileæ, 1556. 8vo.—An admirable German translation, together with the Greek original, has been published at Vienna, 2 vols., 1878-1879, by Puschmann.

See pages 6. 222. 281. 325. 388. 493. 529. 595. 680.

=Alexandria=, the Roman custom-house of.

In the Pandects of Justinian there is to be found a curious list of eastern drugs and other articles liable to duty at the Roman custom-house in Alexandria, from the time of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus, about A.D. 176-180. The complete list is reprinted in Vincent, Commerce of the Ancients, ii. (1807) 698; also in Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, ii. (1855) 167.

See pages 222. 315. 321. 493. 577. 635. 644.

=Alhervi.= Abu Mansur Movafik ben Ali Alherui, a Persian physician of the 10th century. He compiled a work on medicines and food from Greek, Arabic, and Indian sources, which was published and partly translated by Seligmann: Liber _fundamentorum pharmacologiæ_ ... epitome codicis manuscripti persici bibl. caes. reg. Vienn. Vindobonæ, 1830-1833.

See pages 12. 225. 325. 490.

=Alkindi.= Abu Jusuf Jakub ben Ishak ben Alsabah Alkindi. He wrote about A.D. 813-841 at Basra and Bagdad, about various subjects of natural philosophy, mathematics, medicine, music.

See page 642.

=Alphita=, a curious list of drugs and pharmaceutical preparations, probably compiled in the 13th century, and originally written in French (according to Häser, Geschichte der Medicin, i. 1875, 648 sqq.). Daremberg, La médecine, histoire et doctrine, 1865, attributes the Alphita to Maranchus. The Alphita is contained in Salvatore de Renzi’s _Collectio Salernitana_; ossia documenti inediti ... alla scuola medica Salernitana, iii. (Napoli, 1854) 270-322.

See page 377.

=Alpinus=, Prosper, 1553-1617, Professor of Botany and “Ostensore dei Semplici,” _i.e._ teacher of drugs, in the University of Padua. He visited Egypt in 1580-1583. _De Plantis Ægypti_ liber etc. Venetiis, 1592.

See pages 44. 94. 222. 425. 500.

=Alrasis= or =Arrasi=—See =Rhazes=.

=Angelus= a Sancto Josepho, originally Joseph Labrousse, of Toulouse, born 1636, died in 1697. He was at Ispahan as a Carmelite monk in 1664, and published in 1681 at Paris a Latin translation of what he called a _Pharmacopœia Persica_. Consult Lucien Leclerc, Histoire de la médecine arabe, ii. (Paris, 1876) 84.

See pages 12. 415. 548.

=Anguillara=, Luigi (born at Anguillara, died in 1570 at Ferrara), “Ostensor simplicium,” _i.e._ professor of materia medica, in the University of Padova; author of _Semplici_, liquali in piu Pareri a diversi nobili huomini scritti appaiono. Vinegia, 1561.

See page 303.

=Arrianos Alexandrinos=—See =Periplus=.

=Avicenna.= Abu Ali Alhosain Ben Sînâ Albochâri (of Bokhara), 980-1037. A learned philosopher, mathematician, student of medicine, minister, etc., the most celebrated among Arab physicians, their “doctor princeps.” His “_Canon medicinæ_” was admired until the end of the 15th century as the most complete system of medicine, of which there are numerous editions, chiefly translations. We have particularly referred to “Avicennæ libri in re medica omnes, lat. redditi a J. P. _Mongio_ et J. _Costæo_,” 2 vols. Venetiis, ap. Vinc. _Valgrisium_, 1564.

See pages 12. 31. 125. 161. 225. 393. 429. 490. 642. 716.

=Ayurvedas=—See =Susrutas=.

=Baitar.= Abu Mohammad Abdallah Ben Ahmad Almaliqî (of Malaga), called _Ibn Baitar_. He travelled from Spain to the east, lived about 1238-1248 as a physician to the court in Egypt, and died in 1248 at Damascus. His great work on Materia Medica—Liber magnæ collectionis simplicium alimentorum et medicamentorum—has been (very unsatisfactorily) translated into German by Joseph von Sontheimer, 2 vols. Stuttgart, 1840-1842.

See pages 4. 31. 115. 211. 305. 383. 415. 425. 462. 488. 490. 675.

=Barbosa=, Odoardo (Duarte Balbosa), a Portuguese who visited Malacca before 1511, and accompanied Magalhaes in his famous circumnavigation; killed in 1522 by the natives of the Philippines. Barbosa wrote in 1516 an excellent account of India, published in Ramusio’s collection, Delle navigationi et viaggi, _&c._ Venetia, 1854.