Part 12
Mr. Somers became Solicitor-General in 1688, when he received the honour of Knighthood, and he represented Worcester in Parliament. Sir John was sworn of the Privy Council in 1693, and shortly afterwards was made Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, Speaker of the House of Lords, and Lord Chancellor. In 1697 he was created Baron Somers of Evesham. Lord Somers was President of the Royal Society. In 1701 he was impeached in the Commons for various supposed misdemeanours, but the charge was dismissed.
The Barony of Somers became extinct at John Somers' death in 1716, but it was revived in 1784 in the person of Charles Cocks of Castleditch, M.P. for Reigate, who was a descendant of a sister of the first Lord.
[Illustration]
SPENCER, CHARLES, THIRD EARL OF SUNDERLAND
_Arms._--Quarterly; arg. and gu., on the second and third quarters a fret or, over all on a bend sa., 3 escallops of the first. _Spencer._
_Motto._--DIEV DEFENDE LE DROICT.
_Note._--Used before 1702.
[CAMDEN. _Britain._ London, 1637.]
[Illustration]
_Crest._--Out of a ducal coronet or, a griffin's head arg., gorged gu., between 2 wings expanded of the second. _Spencer._
Charles Spencer (born c. 1674, died 19th April 1722) was the son of Robert Spencer, second Earl of Sunderland, and succeeded his father in 1702. He was from an early age a great lover and collector of books, which he kept at Althorp.
In 1695 he was Member of Parliament for Tiverton; in 1706 he was a Secretary of State for the Southern Department, and became of much political importance as a Whig leader. He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1714.
In 1715 Lord Sunderland was made Lord Privy Seal, and shortly afterwards Vice-Treasurer of Ireland. He also held the posts of Groom of the Stole and Gentleman of the Bedchamber to George I.
Lord Sunderland was a great book collector, and a rival in this respect to most of his contemporaries. He was a great gambler, and his library was at one time pledged to the Duke of Marlborough, and in 1749 it was removed to Blenheim. The library was sold in 1881, and the books belonging to it were widely dispersed.
Lord Sunderland's son Charles, who in 1729 became fifth earl, on the demise of his aunt Henrietta, by special Act of Parliament Duchess of Marlborough, in 1733 succeeded to the Dukedom of the celebrated John Churchill. The Earldom of Sunderland from that time has been merged in the Dukedom of Marlborough.
[Illustration]
SPENCER, GEORGE JOHN, SECOND EARL SPENCER
_Arms._--Impaled.
Dexter: Quarterly, arg. and gu., on the 2nd and 3rd quarters a fret or, over all on a bend sa., 3 escallops of the first. _Spencer._
Sinister: Quarterly.
1st and 4th; az., a bend cotised between 6 crosses pattée or. _Bingham._
2nd and 3rd; erm., a lion rampant ducally crowned or. _Smith._
_Crest._--Out of a ducal coronet or, a griffin's head arg., gorged with a bar gemelle gu., between 2 wings expanded of the second.
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
_Supporters._--Dexter: A griffin, per fess erm. and erminois, gorged with a collar sa., the edges flory counterflory chained of the last (on the collar 3 escallops arg.).
Sinister: A wyvern erect on his tail erm., collared and chained as the griffin.
_Motto._--DIEU DEFEND LE DROIT.
[CICERO. _Tusculanae Disputationes._ Romae, 1469.]
George John Spencer (born 1st September 1758, died 10th November 1834) was the son of John Spencer, Earl Spencer. In 1783 he succeeded his father in the family honours. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge. In 1780 George Spencer was Member of Parliament for Northampton, and shortly afterwards became a Commissioner of the Treasury Board. He was also Lord Privy Seal and First Lord of the Admiralty. In 1806 he was made Secretary of State for the Home Department.
In 1781 Lord Spencer married Lavinia Bingham, daughter of Charles, Earl of Lucan, and in 1797 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Lord Spencer made a magnificent collection of books at Althorp Park, Northampton, and acquired several already celebrated libraries, particularly those of Count Reviczky and the Duke of Cassano-Serra. Several of Lord Spencer's books were bound for him by Charles Kalthoeber, a celebrated binder who worked also for George III., and closely imitated the work of Roger Payne, whose own work is also excellently represented in the library.
In 1892 the Althorp Library was purchased by Mrs. Rylands of Longford Hall, Manchester, and subsequently presented by her to the city of Manchester in memory of her husband, Mr. John Rylands.
[Illustration]
STANLEY, THOMAS
_Crest._--An eagle's head couped arg., charged with 3 pellets, one and two, holding in his beak an eagle's leg erased a la cuise, gu. _Stanley._
[FIORAVANTI. _Della Fisica._ Venetiis, 1582.]
Thomas Stanley (born circ. 1625, died circ. 1678) was the son of Sir Thomas Stanley of Cumberlow, Hertfordshire. He was educated at Cambridge, and occupied himself in literary pursuits from an early age.
Mr. Stanley wrote a number of poetical works, and also made several translations from Greek and Latin authors. In 1655 he published a _History of Philosophy_ which during his lifetime enjoyed a great reputation. His edition of _Æschylus_ was also very successful. Several of his manuscripts are now kept in the University Library at Cambridge.
[Illustration]
STUART, CHARLES, BARON STUART DE ROTHESAY
_Arms._--Or, a fess chequy az. and arg., within a double tressure flory counterflory gu. _Stuart._
_Crest._--A demi lion rampant gu., and over it the motto NOBILIS (est) IRA (leonis).
_Motto._--AVITO VIRET HONORE. Used before 1812.
[SEVERIM. _Noticias de Portugal._ Lisboa, 1740.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._
_Arms._--Or, a fess chequy az. and arg., within a double tressure flory counterflory gu. A mullet for difference. _Stuart._
Within the collar of a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, having the badge of the order dependent therefrom. Used after 1812.
[PEREZ DEL PULGAR. _Coronica llamada Las dos Conquistas del Regno de Napoles._ Cargoça, 1559.]
Charles Stuart (born 2nd January 1779, died 6th November 1845) was the son of General Sir Charles Stuart, K.C.B., son of the Earl of Bute. Mr. Stuart had an important diplomatic career, and filled several high posts. He was Chargé d'affaires at Madrid, Envoy to Portugal, Minister at the Hague, and Ambassador to Paris.
In 1812 he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, and in 1828 he was created Baron Stuart de Rothesay, a high honour, as the Barony of Rothesay is one of the hereditary honours of the Prince of Wales. Lord Stuart was afterwards Ambassador to St. Petersburg. He brought over from France the beautiful castle of Highcliffe, Hants, where the German Emperor recently stayed. He left no male heir, so his peerage became extinct at his death.
[Illustration]
SUTTON, THOMAS
_Arms._--On a chevron between 3 annulets gu., as many crescents of the field. _Sutton._
_Crest._--A greyhound's head couped erm., collared gu., garnished and ringed or, on the collar an annulet of the first.
_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.
_Legend._--THOS · SUTTON · ARM · FUNDATOR.
_Note._--The word FUNDATOR applies to Charterhouse School.
[CÆSAR. _C. Julii Cæsaris quæ extant._ Lugduni Batavorum, 1635.]
Thomas Sutton (born circ. 1532, died 12th December 1611) was the son of Richard Sutton, Steward of the Courts of Lincoln. He is said to have been educated at Eton, and afterwards studied law at Lincoln's Inn. In early life Sutton was a soldier and saw active service, and in 1569 he was appointed Master of the Ordnance in the North.
While in the north Sutton acquired considerable possessions in land, and from these he drew a large fortune. One of the ships fitted out to resist the Spanish Armada was called the "Sutton." Sutton was very generous with his money, and in 1611 he purchased Charterhouse in Middlesex, where he founded the famous school of that name. The foundation of this school was originally intended for the benefit of forty boys of good birth and necessitous parents, but in time it came about that to be a foundation scholar, or gown boy, was a mark of distinction. Thackeray was a Charterhouse boy and was familiar with the surroundings there. Besides the school, there was a foundation or hospital at Charterhouse for "poverty-stricken gentlemen." The school was moved to Godalming in 1872, but the "hospital" still remains in Charterhouse Square. Sutton's tomb is in the Chapel at the Charterhouse.
[Illustration]
SYDNEY, ROBERT, EARL OF LEICESTER
_Arms._--Quartered.
1. Arg., a pheon az. _Sydney._
2. Barry of 10, arg. and gu., a lion rampant ducally crowned or. _Brandon._
3. Or, a lion rampant az. _Brabant._
4. Or, 2 lions passant az. _Dudley._
5. Barry of 6, arg. and az., in chief a label of the first. _Grey._
6. Arg., a maunch sa. _Hastings._
7. Az., a wolf's head erased arg. _Lupus._
8. Barry of 10, arg. and az., an orle of ten martlets gu. _Valence, Earl of Pembroke._
9. A lion rampant.?
10. Gu., 7 mascles conjoined or, three, three, and one. _Ferrers of Groby._
11. Az., a lion rampant arg., within a bordure engrailed or. _Tyrrell._
12. Gu., a fess between 6 crosses crosslet or. _Beauchamp._
13. Chequy, or and az., a chevron erm. _Warwick._
14. Gu., a lion statant arg., crowned or. _Lyle._
15. Arg., a chevron sa. _Trelawney._
16. Arg., a fess dancetty gu. _Dene._
On an escutcheon of pretence, being the arms of Barbara Gamage.
Quarterly.
1. Arg., a bend lozengy gu., on a chief az., 3 escallops arg. _Gamage._
2. Vairy, arg. and gu. _Nowers._
3. Chequy, or and arg., a fess erm. _Calthrop._
4. Arg., 3 chevrons gu. _Langton._
[_Polydori Vergilii historiae_, libri vigintiseptem. Basileae, 1570.]
Robert Sydney (born November 1563, died 13th July 1626) was the son of Sir Henry Sydney, K.G. He was educated at Oxford, and in 1584 became Member of Parliament for Glamorganshire, and afterwards for Kent. In 1586 he was knighted by the Earl of Leicester, and in 1603 he was created Baron Sydney of Penshurst, and two years afterwards Viscount L'Isle.
Lord L'Isle was made a Knight of the Garter in 1616, and in 1618 he was created Earl of Leicester. In 1584 he married Barbara Gamage of Coity, daughter of John Gamage. She died in 1621, and Lord Leicester married for his second wife Sarah, daughter of William Blount.
[Illustration]
SYKES, SIR MARK MASTERMAN, BARONET
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; arg., a chevron sa., between 3 sykes, or fountains, ppr. _Sykes._
2nd and 3rd; gu., an estoile between 3 fleurs-de-lys arg. _Masterman._
In the centre point the Ulster hand, gu. Above the shield are the letters M[ark] M[asterman] S[ykes].
_Note._--Used after 1795.
[VALERIUS MAXIMUS. _Facta et Dicta Memorabilia_, Mainz, 1471.]
Mark Sykes (born circ. 1771, died 16th February 1823) was the son of Sir Christopher Sykes, Baronet, of Sledmere, Yorks. He succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1801. Mr. Sykes was educated at Oxford, and in 1795 was High Sheriff of Yorkshire. He represented York in Parliament for several years. He assumed the additional name of Masterman in 1795, on the occasion of his marriage to Henrietta, daughter and heiress of Henry Masterman of Settrington, Yorks, but he left no heirs and was succeeded by his brother Tatton.
Sir Mark Sykes possessed a magnificent library, rich in classics and incunabula, and also a valuable collection of antiquities and pictures. His collections were sold at his death, and his books and other treasures are widely distributed.
[Illustration]
TASH, THOMAS
_Arms._--Per pale, or and gu., a chevron between 3 cinquefoils counterchanged, on a chief per pale of the second and first (2) escallops counterchanged. _Tash._
_Crest._--A greyhound courant or.
[TYMME. _A silver watch-bell._ Aberdene, 1627.]
[W. E. Axon, Esq. Deansgate. Manchester.]
Thomas Tash, of London, was one of the Commissioners of Custom for England and Wales in 1752, but there appears to be no more known about him. There ought to be another escallop on the coat-of-arms illustrated, and according to the printed authorities the crest of Tash should be a demi greyhound.
[Illustration]
TOPSFIELD
_Arms._--Gu., on a chevron erm., 3 martlets sa., in chief a mullet or. _Topsfield._
_Crest._--A talbot couchant guardant in front of a tree, all ppr.
_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.
_Motto._--FAYTH FAILETH NOT.
[ENGLAND. _In this volume are conteined the statutes made ... from the time of King Henry the thirde unto ... Kyng Henry the VIII._ London, 1564.]
This stamp belonged to a member of the old family of Topsfield, who owned the estate of Frisingfield, near Harleston in Norfolk, but I have as yet not been able to find out which
## particular member used it.
[Illustration]
TOWNELEY, RICHARD
_Arms._--Arg., a fess sa., in chief 3 mullets of the second. _Towneley._
_Motto._--TENEZ LE VRAY.
_Date._--1603.
[_The Hystory writtone by Thucidides the Athenyan of the warre which was betwene the Peloponesians and the Athenyans._ London, 1550.]
The family of Towneley is one of ancient domicile in Lancashire. The member of it to whom the accompanying book-stamp probably belonged was Richard Towneley of Towneley Hall near Burnley, who lived there from about 1580 till about 1640.
His son Christopher was a well-known antiquary, but the most distinguished member of the family was Charles Towneley, who lived in the eighteenth century. He made a very important collection of ancient statuary and terra-cottas, which were purchased for the British Museum in 1805, and a member of the Towneley family is always represented on the Museum Board of Trustees.
[Illustration]
TREVOR, MARCUS, VISCOUNT DUNGANNON
_Arms._--Per bend sinister erm. and erminois, a lion rampant or. _Trevor._
[BEAULIEU. _Take heed of both extremes._ London, 1675.]
[Illustration]
_Crest._--A wyvern with wings addorsed, sa.
_Initials._--I. D.
[BEAULIEU. _Take heed of both extremes._ London, 1675.]
Marcus Trevor (born circ. 1620, died circ. 1683) belonged to the family of Trevor of Brynkinalt in Denbighshire. He was a strong Royalist, and took part in the struggle between Charles I. and the Parliamentarians. After the Restoration Charles II. made Colonel Trevor a peer, and in 1662 created him Baron Trevor and Viscount Dungannon, both of which peerages became extinct in 1706 on the death of his grandson Marcus. Lord Dungannon married twice; his first wife was a daughter of Sir Marmaduke Whitechurch, and his second wife was a daughter of John Lewis.
[Illustration]
TREWARTHEN, FAMILY OF
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1. Arg., a boar passant gu. _Trewarthen._
2. Arg., a bend sa. _Blackborne._
3. Az., on a chevron between 3 estoiles or, as many lozenges sa. _Butts._
4. Chequy, or and az., on a chief arg., gutty de sang. _Coleshill._
_Crest._--A double plume of 5 ostrich feathers, arg.
[AUSTIN. _Devout Meditations._ London, 1635.]
The family of Trewarthen is an old one belonging to the county of Cornwall, but to which particular member of the family this stamp belonged I have been unable to decide at present.
[Illustration]
TUDOR ROSE
_Device._--A Tudor Rose arg. and gu., seeded or and leaved vert, within a ribbon bearing the legend HEC ROSA VIRTUTIS DE CELO MISSA SERENO ETERNŪ FLORENS REGIA SCEPTRA FERET.
_Supporters._--Two kneeling angels.
_Badges._--In the dexter corner a sun in glory and the shield of St. George, arg., a cross gu.
In the sinister corner a half-moon with face, and the shield of the City of London, arg., a cross gu.; in the first quarter a sword in pale of the last, point upwards. In the sky stars.
_Initials._--I.N., _i.e._ Ihon Norins, with his trade device.
[CICERO. _Commentarii questionum Tusculanarum._ Parhisii, 1509.]
This stamp is generally found in combination with one or other of the armorial stamps which I have figured and placed under the heading of Henry VIII. No doubt there was some authority given to use these Royal emblems, and although so far no reliable account of such authority is forthcoming, it is likely enough that members of the Stationers' Company may have been granted the privilege. On all these bindings the coat-of-arms of the City of London appears. On many of them are also initials which are very often those of well-known contemporary printers and binders. The original stamps were cut in latten, a form of brass--copper and zinc--and impressed on the leather in blind, that is without gold, the design showing in low relief.
The latten plates were probably attached to wooden blocks by means of two or more metal pins, and in many instances, by reason of irregular pressure, these pins, the tops of which were engraved in continuation of the general design, have been forced a little out of their normal level. The result is that they show very clearly as indented marks. The pressure necessary to make a good impression from one of these large stamps is considerable; it may have been done by a slow constant pressure or by quick pressure from hammer strokes, and the leather was in any case softened by water. Bindings with these stamps upon them were either of calf or sheep-skin.
[Illustration]
USHER, JAMES, ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH
_Arms._--Impaled.
Dexter: Az., an archiepiscopal staff, headed with a cross pattée or, over all a pall arg., charged with 3 crosses pattée fitchée sa. _See of Armagh._
Sinister: Az., a chevron erm., between 3 batons or. _Usher._
[USHER. _Britannicae Ecclesiae Antiquitates._ Dublin, 1639.]
James Usher (born 4th January 1580, died 21st March 1656) was the son of Arnold Usher, Clerk of the Irish Court of Chancery. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and in 1601 he took orders, and became a preacher of much note. In 1620 Dr. Usher was made Bishop of Meath and Clonmacnoise, and in 1624 he was consecrated Archbishop of Armagh.
Archbishop Usher wrote several very important theological works, and he took part in all the controversies of his time. He was a divine of much learning and a great scholar. His extensive library is for the greater part in Trinity College, Dublin, where it was sent as a gift by Charles II.
[Illustration]
UTTERSON, EDWARD VERNON
_Arms._--A Lymphad, with sail furled, on a sea in base ppr., at the poop a flag flying towards the bow, arg., fimbriated vert, charged with a pomme in fess; on a chief gu., 3 bezants, each charged with a mullet. _Utterson._
[_The Hystory of the two valyaunte brethren Valentyne and Orson_ ... translated from the French by H. Watson. London, 1565.]
Edward Vernon Utterson (born circ. 1775, died 14th July 1856) was the son of John Utterson of Fareham in Hampshire. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge, and in 1802 was called to the bar. He was all his life a great collector of books. Mr. Utterson set up a private press at Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, known as the Beldornie Press, and here he reprinted such of the early English plays and poems as pleased him. He also edited a number of reprints of important English books, some of which are very handsomely produced.
[Illustration]
VICTORIA, QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, EMPRESS OF INDIA.
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st and 4th; England.
2nd; Scotland.
3rd; Ireland.
All coloured as used by James I. (q.v.) and ensigned by a Royal Crown.
_Supporters._--The lion and the unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Motto._--DIEU ET MON DROIT.
[_Galerie Royale de Costumes._ Paris, 1042.]
The Princess Victoria (born 24th May 1819, died 22nd January 1901) was the only child of Edward, Duke of Kent, fourth son of George III., and Victoria Marie Louisa of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield. On the death of William IV., 18th June 1837, the Princess Victoria succeeded to the throne of England. Queen Victoria was crowned at Westminster on 20th June 1838, and on the 1st January 1877 Her Majesty was proclaimed Empress of India, at Delhi. On the 10th February 1840, Queen Victoria married her cousin Albert, the youngest son of Ernest, Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
On the accession of Queen Victoria to the English throne, the Kingdom of Hanover became separated from England, in consequence of the operation of the Salic Law. The coat-of-arms of the dominions in Germany was accordingly left out of the Royal coat. The Duke of Cumberland, the Queen's uncle, became King of Hanover, which country is now part of the German Empire.
[Illustration]
VINCENT, AUGUSTINE, WINDSOR HERALD
_Arms._--Arg., on a pile az., 3 quatrefoils of the first. _Vincent._
_Crest._--Out of an heraldic coronet a bear's head ppr.
_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.
_Supporter._--A bear collared and chained ppr.
_Legend._--VINCENTI AVGVSTA.
[CHASSENEUX. _Catalogus Gloriae Mundi._ Francofurti, 1603.]
Augustine Vincent (born circ. 1584, died 11th January 1625) was the son of William Vincent. He showed antiquarian and heraldic tastes at an early age, and in 1615 was made Rouge Rose Pursuivant, and in 1624 Windsor Herald. Vincent collected valuable material concerning heraldic and genealogical matter, and his manuscripts are chiefly to be found either at the College of Arms or the Bodleian Library at Oxford.
In Vincent's time it was the custom to carry out the heraldic visitations by deputy. These visitations should have been made by the Heralds in person, and in 1619 there was much trouble about the matter, and strong complaints were made to the Earl Marshal by both Garter and Norroy. The difficulty was brought to a head by the appointment of Vincent, then Rouge Rose Pursuivant, to carry out the visitations of Northamptonshire and Rutlandshire as deputy for William Camden, Clarencieux Herald.
[Illustration]
WALDEGRAVE, JAMES, SECOND EARL WALDEGRAVE
_Arms._--Per pale, arg. and gu. _Waldegrave._
_Supporters._--Two talbots sa., eared or, each gorged with a mural crown, arg.
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
[PREVOST D'EXILES. _Memoirs d'un Homme de Qualité._ Paris, 1732.]
James Waldegrave (born 4th March 1714, died 13th April 1763) was the son of James, first Earl Waldegrave, and succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1741. In 1752 Lord Waldegrave was Governor and Keeper of the Privy Purse to George, Prince of Wales. In 1757 he was made a Knight of the Garter and a Teller of the Exchequer. Lord Waldegrave wrote a book of Historical Memoirs from 1754 to 1757. He married a daughter of Sir Edward Walpole but had no son, and at his death the family honours devolved upon his brother John.
[Illustration]
WALKER, SIR EDWARD, KNIGHT
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; arg., on a cross of St. George gu., 5 leopards' faces or. _Coat of Augmentation._
2nd and 3rd; arg., a chevron between 3 crescents sa., an annulet for difference. _Walker._
_Supporter._--A greyhound, collared.
_Motto._--LOYAVTE MON HONNEVR.
[_Indentures of Military Service, Edw. III.-Hen. VII._ Stowe MS. 440.]
Edward Walker (born 24th January 1611, died 19th February 1676) was the son of Edward Walker of Roobers, Nether Stowey, Somerset. He joined the College of Arms as an official, and in 1635 he was made Blanch Lion Pursuivant, filling successively the positions of Rouge Croix Pursuivant and Chester Herald.
Walker took part with Charles I. in the war with the Roundheads, and served as Secretary-at-War, and was at Naseby. In 1644 he was created Norroy King-of-Arms, and in 1645 he succeeded Sir Henry St. George as Garter. In the same year he received the honour of Knighthood. In 1649 Sir Edward Walker was made Clerk of the Council in Ordinary, but in 1650 he got into trouble as a Royalist, and found refuge in Holland. After some trouble he invested William, Prince of Orange, with the Garter in 1653.
At the Restoration Walker superintended the arrangements for the coronation, and his remaining years seem to have been spent in quarrels with other members of the Heralds' College. Sir Edward Walker wrote a considerable number of historical and genealogical works, particularly an illustrated edition of the coronation of Charles II. Many of his manuscripts are in the British Museum, and others are at the Bodleian Library at Oxford.
[Illustration]
WALPOLE, HORACE, FOURTH EARL OF OXFORD
_Arms._--Or, on a fess between 2 chevrons sa., 3 crosses crosslet of the first, a mullet for difference. _Walpole._
_Crest._--The bust of a man in profile couped, ppr., ducally coroneted or, and from the coronet, flowing forward, a long cap gu., tasselled or, charged with a Catherine wheel of the last.
_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.