Part 9
In Scotland James VI. had John Gibson for his bookbinder. He was appointed under the Privy Seal, and was "Our Soverane Lordis Buikbinder," but there is no binding left that can with certainty be attributed to him. On James's advent to England John and Roger Norton and Robert and Christopher Barker were made Royal binders and printers, and in 1604 John and Abraham Bateman were made "Bookbinders to the King."
The many fine armorial bindings which were used by James I. were probably made by one or other of these binders, but for the present no signed binding has been found, so the authorship of any one of them is only conjectural.
The main characteristic of the finer bindings made for James I. is the form of ornamentation known as a semis, that is to say, a powdering all over the field of small stamps arranged symmetrically near together. The commonest of these small stamps show stars, flaming hearts, ermine spots, roses, thistles, pineapples, tridents, fleurs-de-lys, and lions, but there are several others. Another characteristic is the presence of large corner stamps. These are cut in arabesque designs, and many of them are very handsome. The idea of corner ornamentation of this sort began late in Queen Elizabeth's reign, but it did not reach its highest excellence in stamp form until well into the reign of James I.
James I. was the first sovereign to have his books mainly bound in morocco, and this leather is found in most quiet colours--greens and browns and blues, but not red. Several beautiful volumes are also bound in vellum, and others in velvet and satin. The Jacobean period was a decorative one, but not one of the highest level of the art of bookbinding. The greater number of James I.'s books came to the British Museum by gift of George II. in 1757, with the rest of the Old Royal Library of England.
[Illustration]
JAMES II., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quartered.
1st and 4th grand quarters, quarterly, France and England.
2nd grand quarter, Scotland.
3rd grand quarter, Ireland.
As used by James I. (q.v.).
_Crest._--A Royal crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.
_Helmet._--Royal.
_Supporters._--A lion and a unicorn as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Motto._--DIEV ET MON DROIT.
Used from 1685 until 1689, when James II. was deposed.
[_Ordnance Rules._ 1683-1685. Stowe MS. 442.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Used in France from 1689 until 1701.
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th, England.
2nd, Scotland.
3rd, Ireland.
Colours as used by James I. (q.v.). Ensigned with the Royal Crown, and between two palm branches.
In this coat James has left out the coat of France, probably out of courtesy to the French King, Louis XIV., who had given him asylum at St. Germains. It is remarkable that this coat-of-arms subsequently became that used by Queen Victoria in 1837.
[_La Renommée qui publie le Bonheur de l'Europe sous le regne de Jacques ... Roy de la Grande Bretagne._ 1688.]
[E. Almack, Esq., F.S.A., Brighton.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Within the Garter. Used in France from 1689 until 1701. The same curious coat-of-arms as in the preceding plate.
[_Traité des obligations des Chrétiens._ Paris, 1699.]
[E. Almack, Esq., F.S.A., Brighton.]
[Illustration]
Used as Duke of York.
_Initials._--J. D. (Jacobus Dux). Ensigned with a princely coronet, and within two palm branches.
This cypher occurs in corners of books, and it appears to have been designed so that either the D or the J is always properly visible. It is found in conjunction with the two C's of Charles II., which also show clearly either way up.
[_Ser. Jacobi Stuarti et Mariae Beatricis Estiae ... epithalamium._ Londini, 1673.]
James, Duke of York (born 14th October 1633, died 16th September 1701), was the second son of Charles I. He succeeded his brother Charles II. in 1685. James II. had a short and troubled reign, chiefly because he had Roman Catholic tendencies, and ultimately joined that faith. The feeling in favour of Protestantism in England was very determined, and the nation ultimately invited William, Prince of Orange, who had married James's elder daughter Mary and was a strong Protestant, to come and accept the throne. This he did, and in 1689 James was deposed and William became King in his stead.
James fled to France where he lived for the rest of his life, and the book-stamps that he had made at this time do not include the French coat. He was known as the Duke of York, but nevertheless his book-stamps show a Royal Crown. James's second wife, Mary of Modena, was a Roman Catholic and strongly influenced his views. He died at St. Germains, Paris, at the age of seventy.
[Illustration]
JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD, PRINCE OF WALES
_Arms._--Quartered.
1st and 4th grand quarters, quarterly, France and England.
2nd grand quarter, Scotland.
3rd grand quarter, Ireland.
As used by James I. (q.v.). Ensigned with a princely coronet.
_Note._--A foreign stamp.
[GERVAISE. _La vie de Saint Martin, Evêque de Tours._ Tours, 1699.]
James Francis Edward (born 10th June 1688, died 1st January 1766) was the eldest son of James II. and his second wife, Mary of Modena. He was born before his father became King of England. Prince James, who is known as the Old Pretender in distinction to his son Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, is also known as the Chevalier St. George. His history is an unhappy one from his birth. On his father's death in 1701 at St. Germains he was proclaimed James III. of England and VIII. of Scotland, but by the Act of Settlement made in the same year the Stuarts were cut out of the succession to the English throne.
The Chevalier St. George spent his life in fruitless endeavours to make good his claim to the English throne. His character appears to have been wanting in most of the qualities that make for success, and towards the latter part of his life his misfortunes so preyed upon him that he gave way to unworthy dissipations.
[Illustration]
KEMP, THOMAS READ
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; gu., 3 garbs within a bordure engrailed or. _Kempe._
2nd and 3rd; sa., 3 crescents arg., 2 and 1. _Read._
[_Alliances généalogiques de France._ Paris, 1561.]
Thomas Read Kemp (born c. 1781, died 20th December 1844) was the son of Thomas Kemp, Member of Parliament for Lewes, who married Ann Read of Brookland. Mr. Kemp was educated at Cambridge, and in 1811 he represented Lewes in the House of Commons. He sold his castles at Lewes and at Hurstmonceaux and built largely near Brighton, where the district known as Kemp Town was founded by him. He spent all his fortune in this speculation, which, however, in time became of great value.
The family of Kemp or Kempe is one of great antiquity in Kent. John Kempe, Archbishop of Canterbury in the fifteenth century, and his nephew Thomas Kempe, Bishop of London, both belonged to it. The immediate ancestor of Mr. T. R. Kemp was Sir Thomas Kempe of Olantigh, near Ashford, an estate which had belonged to the family since the time of Edward I.
[Illustration]
KER, JOHN, THIRD DUKE OF ROXBURGHE
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; vert., on a chevron between 3 unicorns' heads erased arg., armed and maned or, as many mullets sa. _Ker._
2nd and 3rd; gu., 3 mascles or. _Weapont._
_Coronet._--That of a Duke.
_Supporters._--Two savage men, wreathed about the head and waist with laurel, each holding, with the exterior hand, a club resting upon the shoulder, all ppr.
_Motto._--PRO CHRISTO ET PATRIA.
[_The Roxburghe Ballads._]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Without Supporters.
[ONOSANDER. _Strategicus._ Lut. Parisiorum, 1599.]
John Ker (born 23rd April 1740, died 19th March 1804) was the elder son of Robert Ker, second Duke of Roxburghe. He succeeded his father in the title in 1755. The Duke brought together a splendid library, among which was the special collection of ballads which are now known by his name. The ballads were at first collected by Robert Harley, and they were largely added to by a Mr. West and by Major T. Pearson, and after the entire collection had been purchased by the Duke of Roxburghe he continued adding to it himself.
In 1812 the Duke's library was sold and the books widely scattered; the ballads, however, in 1845 were acquired for the British Museum at the sale of the books of Mr. B. H. Bright. The Duke of Roxburghe was a Knight of the Garter, and also a Knight of the Thistle. He was a Lord of the Bedchamber and a Privy Councillor.
The Roxburghe Club of Edinburgh was founded in honour of the Duke in 1812.
[Illustration]
KERR, WILLIAM, EARL OF LOTHIAN
_Arms._--Gu., on a chevron arg., 3 mullets of the field. _Kerr._
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
_Supporters._--Two bucks, each gorged with a collar arg., charged with 3 mullets gu.
_Motto._--SORS MEA DEXTRA DEI.
[BACON. _Of the advancement and proficience of Learning._ Oxford, 1640.]
William Kerr (born c. 1605, died October 1675) was the son of Robert Kerr, first Earl of Ancrum, and in 1631 he was created Earl of Lothian. In that year he had married Anne, Countess of Lothian in her own right, and there was some litigation about the title. The Earl was at the Battle of Newbury in 1643; he was Governor of Newcastle, and a man of much political importance. He was a Commissioner of the Treasury in Scotland, and Lieutenant-General of the Scottish army in Ireland. In 1642 he went to France for the purpose of considering the position of the Scottish Guard at the French Court.
Lord Lothian was one of the commissioners sent by the Scottish Parliament to protest against the proceedings against Charles I., and he also served on several of the commissions which were appointed about that time concerning the Restoration of Charles II.
[Illustration]
KINNEAR, JOHN GARDINER
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; sa., on a bend or, 3 martlets vert., a bordure of the second. _Kinnear._
2nd and 3rd; arg., on a fret gu., 4 hearts, one in each angle, gu., and in every interstice a rose of the second. _Gardiner._
_Crest._--An anchor in pale az.
_Motto._--SPEM FORTUNA ALIT.
[BANNATYNE CLUB. _The Palice of Honour._ Edinburgh, 1827.]
John Gardiner Kinnear was a banker of Edinburgh. He was a member of the Bannatyne Club, to which he was admitted in 1826.
The Kinnears were well known as a family of bankers, and they also had literary tastes. The particular book from which I have taken the accompanying coat-of-arms is one that was presented to the Bannatyne Club in 1827, and reprinted in that year for Mr. J. G. Kinnear. The text is taken from a rare book written by Gawyn Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, called _The Palice of Honour_, and "Imprentit at Edinburgh be Johne Ros, for Henric Charteris, Anno 1579."
[Illustration]
LAUD, WILLIAM, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY
_Arms._--Impaled.
Dexter: Az., an archiepiscopal staff, headed with a cross pattée or, surmounted by a pall arg., charged with 4 crosses pattée fitchée sa., fringed and edged or. _See of Canterbury._
Sinister: Sa., on a chevron or, between 3 estoiles of 6 points of the second, as many crosses pattée fitchée gu. _Laud._
[LAUD. _A relation of the Conference between William Lawd ... and Mr. Fisher the Jesuite, etc._ London, 1639.]
William Laud (born 7th October 1573, died 10th January 1645) was the son of William Laud of Reading. After leaving Reading he went to Oxford and entered the Church, and quickly came into notice as a theologian. He was supposed to favour Romish doctrines. After enjoying several minor appointments, Laud was made Dean of Gloucester in 1616, and by this time he was high in the favour of James I., who in 1621 promoted him to the Bishopric of St. David's.
Under Charles I. Laud acquired still more importance. In 1626 he was made Dean of the Chapel Royal, and next year a member of the Privy Council, and in 1628 he became Bishop of London. In 1629 Laud was Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and in 1633 he was made Archbishop of Canterbury. Archbishop Laud was impeached for treason in 1641; he underwent his trial in 1644, and an ordinance of attainder was passed in the next year. Although Laud had in his possession a pardon from the king, he was beheaded on Tower Hill in 1645. He wrote a large number of books, mainly theological or historical. Several of his books are in the library at Lambeth Palace, and others are in the British Museum.
[Illustration]
LEY, JAMES, EARL OF MARLBOROUGH
_Arms._--Arg., a chevron between 3 seals' heads couped sa. Ley.
The Ulster hand gu., on an escutcheon arg., in the chief point of the chevron.
_Crest._--A lion sejant or.
_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.
Used between 1620 and 1625.
[_Brutus Abbreviatus._ Add. MS. 34,266.]
James Ley (born c. 1550, died 14th March 1628) was the son of Henry Ley of Teffont Ewias, Wilts. He was educated as a lawyer, and attained great eminence in that profession. In 1605 he became Chief-Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland, and in 1620 he was made a Baronet, and next year Chief-Justice of the King's Bench in England.
In 1625 Sir James Ley was created Baron Ley, and became Lord Treasurer of England, and in 1626 he was created Earl of Marlborough and President of the Council. Lord Marlborough had a high reputation as a lawyer and as a judge, and he was the author of several works on history and law.
[Illustration]
LINDSAY, DAVID, BARON LINDSAY OF BALCARRES
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; gu., a fess chequy, arg. and az. _Lindsay._
2nd and 3rd; or, a lion rampant gu., debruised of a ribbon in bend sa. _Abernethy._
All within a bordure of the third, semée of stars or.
_Crest._--A tent ppr., semée of stars or, with ASTRA CASTRA on a fillet.
_Helmet._--That of a Peer.
_Supporters._--Two lions sejant guardant gu., gorged or.
_Motto._--NVMEN LVMEN MVNIMEN.
_Legend._--DAVID DOMINVS LYNDESAY DE BALCARRES.
[_Books at Haigh Hall, Wigan._]
[The Earl of Crawford, Haigh Hall, Wigan.]
[Illustration]
_Crest._--A tent ppr., semée of stars or, with ASTRA CASTRA.
[_Books at Haigh Hall, Wigan._]
[The Earl of Crawford, Haigh Hall, Wigan.]
David Lindsay (born c. 1586, died March 1640) was the son of John Lindsay, Lord Menmuir, second son of the ninth Earl of Crawford. David Lindsay succeeded his brother John in 1601, and in 1612 he was knighted. In 1633 he was created Baron Lindsay of Balcarres. He was the ancestor of the present Earl of Crawford. Lord Lindsay was a firm adherent of Charles I. He was fond of books and literature, besides being a man of science and scientific pursuits generally.
[Illustration]
LLOYD, DAVID, DEAN OF ST. ASAPH
_Arms._--Gu., 3 boars' heads erased in pale arg. _Lloyd._
_Crest._--Out of an heraldic coronet a boar's head erased arg.
_Motto._--DARE QUAM ACCIPERE.
[PORTA. _Natural Magick._ London, 1658.]
David Lloyd (born 1597, died 7th September 1663) was the son of David Lloyd of Llanidloes, Montgomery. He was educated at Oxford, and took orders about 1628. Dr. Lloyd was chaplain to the Earl of Derby, and held several benefices in Wales, and in 1660 was made Dean of St. Asaph. He wrote a well-known
## book called _The Legend of Captain Jones_, which was published
in London in 1631. This remarkable work went through several editions, many of which were curiously added to and altered by successive editors or re-writers.
[Illustration]
LOCKER, EDWARD HAWKE
_Crest._--A buck's head erased ppr. _Locker._
_Motto._--FEAR GOD AND FEAR NOT.
_Initials._--E. H. L. (Edward Hawke Locker).
[_Descrizione delle Pitture che trovansi in alcune città dello Stato Ligure._ Genova, 1780.]
Edward Hawke Locker (born 9th October 1777, died 16th October 1849) was the son of William Locker, Captain R.N. He was educated at Eton, and occupied several positions of trust, until in 1819 he was made Secretary to Greenwich Hospital. Mr. Locker was a Fellow of the Royal Society, an artist and an author, and has left a few books, chiefly biographical or historical. At Greenwich he inaugurated the scheme of making a collection of naval pictures, which has proved of the greatest value. His son Frederick, who assumed the additional surname of Lampson in 1885, afterwards became a well-known book collector.
[Illustration]
LONG, CHARLES, BARON FARNBOROUGH
_Arms._--Sa., a lion passant arg., holding in the dexter paw a cross crosslet fitchée or, on a chief of the second 3 crosses crosslet of the field.
_Coronet._--That of a Baron.
_Supporters._--Two lions reguardant arg., gouttées de sang, each gorged with a ducal coronet or, thereto pendent an escutcheon sa., charged with a cross crosslet arg.
_Motto._--INGENUAS SUSPICIT ARTES.
The coat is enclosed with a fillet bearing the legend "TRIA JUNCTA IN UNO," being the motto of the Order of the Bath. This is again enclosed within the collar of the said Order, as worn by a Knight Grand Cross, from which depends the badge of the Order.
[_Letters of German Authors, etc._ Egerton MS. 2407.]
Charles Long (born circ. 1760, died 17th January 1838) was the son of Beeston Long of Carshalton Park, Surrey. He was educated at Cambridge, and was successively Member of Parliament for Rye, Midhurst and Wendover, and Haslemere, and held many important offices.
In 1800 Mr. Long became joint Secretary of the Treasury, and presently one of the Lords of the Treasury, and was Paymaster-General from 1817 until 1826, when he was created Baron Farnborough of Bromley Hill Place. He was a Knight Grand Cross of the Bath, and a member of the Privy Council. Lord Farnborough took an important part in the negotiations with George IV., with regard to his gift to the Nation of the Library of George III., and he also bequeathed a considerable sum of money to the Trustees of the British Museum, to augment the Bridgewater Fund. He was a Trustee of the British Museum, a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries, and possessed a valuable collection of pictures and antiquities at his house, Bromley Hill Place, in Kent.
[Illustration]
LYTTELTON, WILLIAM HENRY, BARON LYTTELTON
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1. Arg., a chevron between 3 escallops sa. _Lyttelton._
2. Arg., a bend cotised sa., within a bordure engrailed gu. (bezantée). _Westcote._
3. Gu., a lion rampant within a bordure engrailed or. _Burley._
4. France and England quarterly, within a bordure gobony, arg. and az. By right of descent from Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Gilbert Talbot, and great-great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. _Plantagenet._
_Coronet._--That of a Baron.
_Supporters._--On either side a merman ppr., in his exterior hand a trident or. But in several instances of early use, a dexter Supporter alone is found.
_Motto._--UNG DIEU UNG ROY.
[LITTLETON. _The first part of the Institutes of the Lawes of England._ London, 1794.]
[The Viscount Cobham, Hagley Hall, Stourbridge.]
William Henry Lyttelton (born 24th December 1724, died 14th September 1808) was the fifth son of Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Baronet, who was created Viscount Cobham in 1718. In 1776 Mr. Lyttelton was created Baron Westcote in the Peerage of Ireland, and on the death of his nephew, Sir Thomas Lyttelton, second Baron Lyttelton, he succeeded to the Baronetcy and the English peerage expired.
Lord Westcote was Governor of South Carolina and of Jamaica, and Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Portugal. In 1794 he was created Baron Lyttelton in the Peerage of England, assuming the same title as had become extinct by the death of his nephew in 1779. Lord Lyttelton was a descendant of the great lawyer, Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, who wrote the celebrated treatise on Tenures, in the fifteenth century.
[Illustration]
MAITLAND, JOHN, EARL OF LAUDERDALE
_Arms._--Or, a lion rampant dechaussé, within a double tressure flory counterflory of fleurs-de-lys gu. _Maitland._
_Crest._--A lion sejant affrontée gu., ducally crowned or, holding in the dexter paw a sword ppr., pommelled and hilted or, in the sinister paw a fleur-de-lys az., on a fillet "CONSILIO ET ANIMIS."
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
_Helmet._--That of a Peer.
_Supporters._--Two eagles, wings expanded, ppr.
_Legend._--IOANNES METELLANVS LAUDERIÆ COMES.
[LA BIGNE. _Magna Bibliotheca Veterum Patrum et Antiq. Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum._ Coloniae Agrippinae, 1618.]
[Illustration]
_Crest._--A lion sejant affrontée gu., holding in his dexter paw a sword ppr., pommelled and hilted or, and in the sinister paw a fleur-de-lys az.
_Coronet._--That of a Viscount.
_Motto._--CONSILIO ET ANIMIS.
_Note._--Used between 1616 and 1624.
[TACITUS. _Opera._ 1595.]
John Maitland (born circ. 1580, died 18th January 1645) was the only son of John Maitland, Lord Maitland of Thirlestane, and succeeded to his father's peerage in 1595. In 1616 Lord Maitland was created Viscount Lauderdale, and in 1624, Earl of Lauderdale. Lord Lauderdale was a Lord of Session in Scotland.
[Illustration]
MANNERS, FRANCIS, SEVENTH EARL OF RUTLAND
_Crest._--Within the Garter. On a chapeau gu., turned up erm., a peacock in pride ppr. _Ros_ afterwards _Manners_.
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
[RUVIUS. _Commentarii in Octo libros Aristotelis de Physico._ Col. Agrippinae, 1616.]
Francis Manners (born 1578, died 17th December 1632) was the son of John Manners, Earl of Rutland. He was educated at Cambridge, and studied law at the Inner Temple. Mr. Manners was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath in 1604, and in 1612, on the death of his elder brother, Roger, he succeeded to his father's peerage.
Lord Rutland was Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire, Constable of Nottingham Castle, and in 1612 he entertained James I. at Belvoir Castle. In consequence of certain legal decisions adverse to his claim to an older title he was, in 1616, made Lord Ross of Hamlake. In the same year he was made a Knight of the Garter. He carried the sceptre with the dove at the coronation of Charles I., was Chief-Justice of Eyre north of Trent, and in 1623 he commanded the fleet sent to escort Prince Charles back from Spain.
The beautiful crest of a peacock in pride upon a chapeau was adopted by the Manners family after the marriage, in the fifteenth century, of Sir Robert Manners of Etal, Northumberland, with Eleanor, daughter and heiress of Thomas, 10th Lord Ros, whose crest it was. The family crest of Sir Robert Manners was a bull's head erased gu., ducally gorged and chained or.
[Illustration]
MANNERS, JOHN, DUKE OF RUTLAND
_Arms._--Or, 2 bars az., a chief quarterly of the second and gu.; the first and fourth quarters each charged with 2 fleurs-de-lys or, the second and third quarters each charged with a lion of England or. _Manners._
This chief was originally gu., and the change made in it, incorporating the fleurs-de-lys of France and the lion of England, was an augmentation granted in consideration of descent from Edward IV.
_Coronet._--That of a Duke.
[SETTLE. _Fears and Dangers fairly display'd._ London, 1706.]
John Manners (born 29th May 1638, died 10th January 1710) was the son of John Manners, ninth Earl of Rutland, and succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1679.
Before this, however, he had been created Lord Manners of Haddon. He carried the Queen's sceptre with the cross at the coronation of James II. He supported the Protestant cause, and the Princess Anne at one time took refuge at Belvoir Castle, and when she presently became Queen she created Lord Manners Marquis of Granby and Duke of Rutland.
[Illustration]
MARY, QUEEN OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th, France.
2nd and 3rd, England.
As used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).
_Crown._--Royal.
[_Epitome operum divi Augustini._ Cologne, 1549.]
The Princess Mary (born 18th February 1516, died 17th November 1558) was the daughter of Henry VIII. and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. In 1553 she succeeded her brother Edward VI. on the throne of England.
In 1554 Queen Mary married Prince Philip, afterwards Philip II., King of Spain, but the marriage was neither happy nor popular.