Part 6
Lord Robert Dudley was a great favourite both of Edward VI., to whom he had been a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber and Master of the Buckhounds, and of Queen Elizabeth. He was for a time Member of Parliament for Norfolk. With his father, the Duke of Northumberland, Lord Robert conspired to place Lady Jane Grey on the throne of England, and for this he was sentenced to death in 1553, but shortly afterwards he was pardoned and restored in blood. Under Elizabeth Dudley received many honours. He was made Master of the Horse, Lord Steward of the Household, and Knight of the Garter in 1559, and in 1564 Earl of Leicester. In 1564 he was elected Chancellor of Oxford University, and in 1575 he entertained the Queen at his beautiful home at Kenilworth. Leicester was Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire and of other counties, and his possessions were very great. He married a second time in 1573, but left no heir.
The emblem of the ragged staff, or "Sable a staff raguly in bend arg.," was used as a coat-of-arms by the ancient Earls of Warwick, and it shows, as well as a bear, in the representations of the town of Warwick held in the hands of figures in the "Rows Roll," written and illuminated by John Rows of Warwick in the fifteenth century. The bear seems to have been assumed as a cognizance by Earl Arthgallus, and may either have been taken from the Warwick bear or as an allusion to his name "Arth," in British meaning "Bear." The successive Earls of Warwick used the bear and the ragged staff as a badge, and Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, whose father, among other honours, was nineteenth Earl of Warwick, used it as a crest. Lord Leicester used a chained bear as his dexter supporter, and the ragged staff shows on one of his many quarterings.
[Illustration]
EDWARD VI., KING OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_Arms._--Quarterly, France and England as used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).
_Crown._--Royal.
_Initials._--E. R. (Edvardus Rex).
This coat-of-arms is upon a binding made for Edward VI. by Thomas Berthelet, who had been Royal Bookbinder to Henry VIII. It has been, however, transferred to a volume which belonged to Queen Elizabeth.
[_Public Acts._ London, 1559.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Quarterly, France and England as used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).
_Crown._--Royal.
_Initials._--E. R. (Edvardus Rex).
[ANDREASI. _De Amplitudine misericordiae Dei oratio._ Basileae, 1550.]
[Illustration]
_Badge._--A daisy ppr., crowned or.
The daisy was used as a badge by Edward VI., in memory of his great-grandmother, Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII.
[_Belief in Christ._ London, 1550.]
[Illustration]
_Badge._--The triple ostrich plume arg., of the Prince of Wales, within a princely coronet or.
_Motto._--IHC (_sic_) DIEN.
_Initials._--E. P. (Edward, Prince.)
[_List of Cities, etc., named in Trogus Pompeius and in the epistles of Cicero; addressed by Peter Olivarius to Edward, Prince of Wales._ 1546, MS.]
Prince Edward (born 12th October 1537, died 6th July 1553) was the son of Henry VIII. and Queen Jane Seymour, his third wife. He succeeded his father on the throne of England in 1547, and left the crown by will to his cousin Lady Jane Grey, the result of which was that her relatives endeavoured to place her upon the throne and she was beheaded in 1554 by order of Queen Mary. Although the Prince of Wales's plumes were used on the bindings made for Prince Edward, he never was Prince of Wales. The majority of his bindings were made by Thomas Berthelet, and they came to the British Museum with the rest of the old Royal Library in 1757.
The supporters used by Edward VI. were the golden lion and the red dragon, as they were used by Henry VIII. after 1528, but they do not show on any of his bindings as far as is at present known.
EDWARD VII., KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, AND OF THE BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS, DEFENDER OF THE FAITH; EMPEROR OF INDIA.
_Arms._--Within the Garter, and surrounded by the Collar of the Order of the Garter, dependent from which is the Great George.
Quarterly.
1st and 4th; gu., 2 lions passant guardant in pale or, langued and unguled az. _England._
2nd; or, a lion rampant within a double tressure flory counterflory gu. _Scotland._
3rd; az., a harp or, stringed arg. _Ireland._
_Crown._--Royal.
[For illustration see the Frontispiece.]
[Illustration]
EGERTON, FRANCIS HENRY, EIGHTH EARL OF BRIDGWATER
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th grand quarters; arg., a lion rampant gu., between 3 pheons sa. _Egerton._
2nd grand quarter; quarterly, France and England. _Mary, daughter of Henry VII._
3rd grand quarter; barry of six, arg. and az. _Grey._
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
_Supporters._--Dexter, a horse; sinister, a griffin; each gorged with a ducal coronet.
_Motto._--SIC DONEC.
[_Rabani Mauri Tractatus super Librum Regum._ Eg. MS. 1783.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--The shield alone.
[BEZA. _Nov. Test._ London, 1582.]
[Illustration]
_Crest._--A lion rampant gu., supporting an arrow erect or, headed and feathered arg.
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
[TAYLOR. _An arrant Thiefe._ London, 1625.]
Francis Henry Egerton (born 11th November 1756, died 11th February 1829) was a son of John Egerton, Bishop of Durham. He was educated at Eton and All Souls' College, Oxford, and was for a long time Rector of Middle, Shropshire. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries. Mr. Egerton was a scholar and a book lover, and wrote several books, mostly genealogical, a subject of which he was very fond.
In 1823, on the death of his brother, Mr. Egerton became Earl of Bridgwater, but he remained in Paris, where he had lived for some time. With the Peerage Lord Bridgwater inherited a large fortune, and he bequeathed a large portion of this in the endowment of Literature, one result of which was the "Bridgwater Treatises." He also left a very large collection of manuscripts and other treasures to the Trustees of the British Museum, with property to allow of accessions.
[Illustration]
ELIZABETH, QUEEN OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly, first and fourth, France; second and third, England, as used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).
_Crown._--Royal.
[GRANT. _Graecae Linguae Spicilegium._ London, 1577.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Within the Garter.
[GUICCIARDINI. _Historie._ London, 1599.]
[Illustration]
_Badge._--Upon a mound or, a falcon arg., royally crowned or, and holding in his dexter claw a Royal sceptre or; growing on the dexter side of the mound a rose-tree ppr., with red and white roses.
Queen Elizabeth used this badge in memory of her mother, Queen Anne, at whose coronation it was shown in a pageant. A falcon was the crest of the Ormond family, and it is shown sculptured on the tomb of the Earl of Wiltshire, father of Anne Bullen.
[_Trogi Pompeii historiarum Philippicarum Epitoma._ Paris, 1581.]
[Illustration]
_Badge._--A Tudor rose, arg. and gu., seeded or, and leaved vert. Ensigned with a Royal Crown.
[CAIUS. _De Antiquitate Cantebrigiensis Academiae libri duo._ Londini, 1574.]
[Illustration]
_Badge._--A Tudor rose bearing a scroll upon which is the name "ELIZABETH."
[_New Testament._ London, 1532.]
The Princess Elizabeth (born 7th September 1533, died 24th March 1603) was the daughter of Henry VIII. and his second wife Anne Bullen.
In 1558 Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister Mary as Queen of England. Queen Elizabeth loved magnificence of all kinds, and the bindings made for her show a considerable range of style; several were sumptuously bound in velvet with rich embroideries and pearls, some of these being made by the workmen of Archbishop Parker; other velvet bindings were stamped in gold, and had overlays of coloured satin. As Princess, Elizabeth is supposed to have embroidered a few bindings; two of these are now in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and another is in the British Museum. Others were in carved, engraved, or repoussé gold finely enamelled, and numbers were in leather, both gold tooled and blind tooled; some of the former were very likely bound for the Queen by the printer John Day, who was the first English binder to use inlays of leather coloured differently to the main part of the binding.
Small series of triple dots and small corner-pieces show for the first time on small books bound for Queen Elizabeth towards the end of her reign.
The supporters used by Queen Elizabeth were the golden lion and the red dragon; they show on some of the beautiful painted bindings done for the Queen, but not on any of the stamps. The Queen's portrait is sometimes found stamped on her books.
[Illustration]
FINCH, HENEAGE, EARL OF AYLESFORD
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; arg., a chevron between 3 griffins passant. _Finch._
2nd and 3rd; per pale, az. and gu., 3 lions rampant arg. _Herbert._
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
_Motto._--NEC ELATA NEC DEIECTA.
[SACCHI. _Platinae hystoria de vitis potificum._ Venetiis, 1511.]
Heneage Finch (born c. 1647, died 22nd July 1719) was the second son of the first Earl of Nottingham. Mr. Finch was an eminent lawyer, and in 1678 he became Solicitor-General. He was Member of Parliament for Oxford, and in 1702, shortly after the accession of Queen Anne, he was chosen to receive Her Majesty when she visited that city. On this occasion he was created Baron of Guernsey. On the accession of George I. Lord Guernsey was created Earl of Aylesford, and also made a Member of the Privy Council and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.
[Illustration]
FITZ-ALAN, HENRY, EIGHTEENTH EARL OF ARUNDEL
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st and 4th; gu., a lion rampant or. _Fitz-Alan._
2nd and 3rd; sa., a fret or. _Maltravers._
_Crest._--Out of an heraldic coronet gu., a demi eagle, wings displayed or.
_Helmet._--That of a Peer.
_Motto._--VIRTVTIS LAVS ACTIO.
_Note._--Coloured. The earliest heraldic book-stamp of an English subject as yet known.
[ARISTOTLE. Venetiis, 1513.]
[Illustration]
_Badge._--A horse courant arg., bearing in his mouth a sprig of oak ppr.
[_Biblia._ Venice, 1544.]
Henry Fitz-Alan (born c. 1511, died c. 1580) was the son of William, Earl of Arundel, and succeeded his father in 1544.
Lord Arundel was a soldier of repute, and took part in the siege of Boulogne in 1545. He gave political offence to the Earl of Warwick in the reign of Edward VI. and was committed to the Tower. He acted as Constable at the coronation of Queen Mary, and as Lord High Steward at that of Queen Elizabeth. He was a Knight of the Garter. Fond of books, Lord Arundel made a large collection of them, and profited by the dissolution of the monasteries in the early sixteenth century to add to his library at Nonsuch. Many of his books had belonged to Archbishop Cranmer. He bequeathed his library to his son-in-law, Lord Lumley, and they were nearly all purchased eventually by Henry, Prince of Wales.
[Illustration]
FREDERICK, ELECTOR PALATINE OF THE RHINE, AFTERWARDS KING OF BOHEMIA.
_Arms._--Impaled.
Dexter: Quarterly.
1st and 4th; sa., a lion rampant or, crowned gu. _Pfalz-am-Rhein._
2nd and 3rd; lozengy, az. and arg. _Bavaria._
Over all an escutcheon of pretence bearing a Royal orb as an emblem of dominion.
Sinister: The Royal arms of James I. (q.v.).
_Crest._--Out of a princely coronet, a lion sejant or, crowned gu., between 2 buffalo horns lozengy, az. and arg.
_Supporters._--2 lions rampant or, crowned gu.
[LEGRAIN. _Decade contenant la vie et gestes de Henry le Grand Roy de France._ Paris, 1614.]
Frederick V., Elector Palatine of the Rhine, married the Princess Elizabeth (born 15th August 1596, died 13th February 1662), daughter of James VI. of Scotland, in 1613. In 1618, Frederick was elected King of Bohemia; his acceptance of this dignity is said to have been largely due to his wife's ambition. As Queen of Bohemia, Elizabeth's life was not easy, and she was never popular at Prague, and in 1622 the Palatinate was taken by the Duke of Bavaria. Her father, now James I. of England, does not appear to have taken much interest in the Queen of Bohemia; neither in turn did Charles I. In 1632 the King of Bohemia died, and the Queen passed the latter part of her life in England.
Queen Elizabeth's youngest daughter, Sophia, Electress of Hanover, was the mother of George I., King of England.
[Illustration]
FREDERICK, PRINCE OF WALES
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st; _England_ and _Scotland_ impaled.
2nd; _France_.
3rd; _Ireland_.
4th; the arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany.
As used by George I. (q.v.); over all the label arg. of the eldest son of the King; and the whole ensigned with a Princely coronet.
_Crest._--A Princely coronet ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, coroneted with a princely coronet ppr.
_Helmet._--Royal.
_Supporters._--The lion and unicorn of England, differenced with a label of three points arg., and the lion wearing a Prince's coronet.
_Motto._--ICH DIEN.
[_Papers relating to Cuba._ London, 1744.]
Frederick Louis, Prince of Hanover, and afterwards Prince of Wales (born 6th January 1707, died 20th March 1751), was the eldest son of George, Electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards George II., King of England. In 1729 Prince Frederick was created Prince of Wales, but all his life there were incessant quarrels between himself and his parents. In 1736 he married the Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha; it proved an unhappy marriage.
The Prince of Wales died in 1751, from the after-effects of an accidental blow from a tennis ball, and nobody appears to have regretted him. He left nine children, the eldest of whom, George, succeeded to the throne of England on the death of his grandfather in 1760. The Prince of Wales' books were generally bound in red morocco, with one or other of his armorial stamps, some of which bear the label of the eldest son, and others do not. But they all have the motto "ICH DIEN," and occasionally the initials "F. P." at the top on each side of the crest.
[Illustration]
GARRICK, DAVID
_Arms._--Per pale, or and az., in the dexter compartment a tower gu., and in the sinister, on a mount vert, a sea-horse arg., mane, fins, and tail of the first; on a chief or, 3 mullets of the second.
_Crest._--A mullet or.
[ETHEREGE. _The Comical Revenge._ London, 1690.]
David Garrick (born 19th February 1716, died 20th January 1779) was the son of an officer in the army, and of Huguenot descent from the family of La Garrique of Bordeaux. Garrick took to the stage at an early age, and after having unsuccessfully tried other means of making a livelihood he eventually took to
## acting as a profession. He acted as an amateur at St. John's
Gate, Clerkenwell, and he wrote several plays. His family did not approve of his becoming an actor, but his rapid success ultimately reconciled them to it. His life-history is one of unvarying triumphs, which, however, naturally made him many enemies; he left the stage practically in 1762.
Garrick was a collector of treasures of all sorts, but
## particularly copies of Early English plays, of which he made
a very large and valuable collection. These he bequeathed to the British Museum. He left a large fortune, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
[Illustration]
GEORGE I., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st grand quarter; _England_ } and _Scotland_ impaled. } As used by Queen 2nd grand quarter; _France_. } Anne. 3rd grand quarter; _Ireland_. } 4th grand quarter; the arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany. Impaled.
Dexter: Gules, 2 lions passant guardant or. _Brunswick._
Sinister: Or, semée of hearts ppr., a lion rampant az. _Lunenburg._
In the base point gu., a horse current arg. _Saxony._
Over all an escutcheon gu., charged with the Crown of Charlemagne or, as a badge of the office of _High Treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire_. The Crown of Charlemagne is one of the finest Byzantine Crowns in the world, and it is one of the very few heraldic bearings that are in actual existence. It is of gold and richly ornamented with jewels and enamels, and is kept in the Royal Treasury at Vienna.
_Crest._--A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.
_Helmet._--Royal.
_Supporters._--The lion and unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Motto._--DIEU ET MON DROIT.
_Initials._--G. R. (Georgius Rex).
_Badges._--A Tudor rose and a thistle.
[_The many advantages of a good Language._ 1724.]
George Lewis, Electoral Prince of Hanover (born 28th May 1660, died 11th June 1727), was the eldest son of Sophia, youngest daughter of the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of James I., and Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburg. In 1714 Prince George succeeded his cousin, Queen Anne, on the throne of England. He was then fifty-four years of age, and firmly fixed in his German ideas; he never spoke English well, and took every possible opportunity of revisiting his electoral dominions, where he died in 1727.
George I. made an important change in the English coat-of-arms, by including the quartered coat containing the Arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany, Brunswick, Lunenburg, and Saxony. These arms were used in the fourth quarter by George I., George II., and George III. until 1801. After that date they were shown on an escutcheon of pretence by George III., George IV., and William IV., at whose death they were discontinued altogether.
[Illustration]
GEORGE II., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st grand quarter; _England_ and _Scotland_ impaled.
2nd grand quarter; _France_.
3rd grand quarter; _Ireland_.
4th grand quarter; Brunswick impaling Lunenburg, Saxony in the base point, and the Crown of Charlemagne on an escutcheon of pretence; all as used by George I. (q.v.).
_Crest._--A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.
_Supporters._--The lion and the unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Motto._--DIEU ET MON DROIT.
_Badges._--Roses and a Thistle.
[BOERHAVE. _Methodus Studii Medici._ Amst., 1751.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Used as Prince of Wales.
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Impaled.
Dexter: The Royal Arms of England, quarterly; first, England and Scotland impaled; second, France; third, Ireland; fourth, the arms of the Dominions of the Crown in Germany; over all the label, with three points arg., of an elder son.
Sinister: The arms of Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Anspach. Quartered.
1. Per fess, gu. and arg. _Magdeburg._
2. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Brandenburg._
3. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Jägerndorff._
4. Or, a griffin segreant gu. _Herz. Wenden._
5. Or, a griffin segreant sa. _Fürst Wenden._
6. Arg., a griffin segreant gu. _Pommern._
7. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Crossen._
8. Arg., a griffin segreant gu. _Kassuben._
9. Arg., an eagle displayed gu. _Prussia._
10. Per pale, arg. and gu. _Halberstadt._
11. Or, a lion rampant sa., crowned or, within a bordure gobony, arg. and gu. _Nüremberg._
12. Gu., 2 keys in saltire or. _Minden._
13. Quarterly, arg. and sa. _Hohenzollern._
14. Gu., a cross ar. _Ratzeburg._
15. Gu. For right of Regalia.
_Crest._--A Prince's coronet ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, coroneted ppr.
_Helmet._--Royal.
_Supporters._--The lion and unicorn, the Royal Supporters of England, each charged with a Prince of Wales' label. The lion is coroneted with the coronet of a Royal Prince.
_Motto._--ICH DIEN.
[PLAYFORD. _Wit and Mirth._ London, 1714.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Used as Prince of Wales. The Prince of Wales' plumes, within a princely coronet, and flanked by the initials "G. P." for "Georgius Princeps."
_Motto._--ICH DIEN.
[MUSGRAVE. _Antiquitates Britanno-Belgicae._ Exeter, 1719.]
George, Electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards Prince of Wales (born 30th October 1683, died 25th October 1760), was the only son of George I., and succeeded his father on the throne of England in 1727.
In 1753 an Act was passed "For the purchase of the Museum or Collection of Sir Hans Sloane and of the Harleian Collection of MSS.; and for providing one General Repository for the better reception and more convenient use of the said Collections, and of the Cottonian Library." In 1757 King George II. added to these "Foundation Libraries" of the British Museum, the old Royal Library of England, which had been largely brought together by Henry, Prince of Wales. The old Royal Library underwent several vicissitudes after the death of Prince Henry. It was kept at St. James's Palace. When it was at length incorporated with the Sloane and Cotton collections it numbered altogether about fifteen thousand volumes, manuscripts, and printed books.
On 2nd September 1705, Prince George, then Electoral Prince of Hanover, married Wilhelmina Caroline (born 1st March 1683, died 20th November 1737), the eldest daughter of John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Anspach. Queen Caroline made herself as important in Court and political affairs as she had already done as Princess, and allied herself strongly with Sir Robert Walpole, then Minister of State, and her power became very great, as the King gave way to her wishes almost invariably. Both George II. and Queen Caroline disliked their eldest son Frederick. During the King's several absences in Hanover, Queen Caroline acted as Regent, to the great annoyance of the Prince of Wales.
[Illustration]
GEORGE III., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND, AFTERWARDS KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, AFTERWARDS KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
_First Coat-of-Arms_
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st, England and Scotland impaled. 2nd, France. 3rd, Ireland. 4th, The arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany; all as used by George I. (q.v.).
_Crest._--A royal crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.
_Supporters._--The lion and the unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Motto._--DIEU ET MON DROIT.
_Badges._--A rose for England and a thistle for Scotland.
_Note._--Used from 24th October 1760 until 1st January 1801.
[VITRUVIUS POLLIO. _Architecture._ London, 1791.]
[Illustration]
_First Coat-of-Arms_
_Variety._--With supporters bearing the standards of St. George and St. Andrew. Probably a foreign design.
[SECONDAT. _Le Temple de Guide_. Parisiis, 1772.]
[Illustration]
_First Coat-of-Arms_
_Variety._--Within the Garter, with the "George" jewel, and the badges and collars of the Orders of the Thistle and the Bath (Civil), with their respective mottoes, NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSIT and TRIA JUNCTA IN UNO.
[PETAVIUS. _De Nithardo breve Syntagma._ Parisiis, 1613.]
[Illustration]
_First Coat-of-Arms_
_Variety._--Used without supporters.
[MONRO. _Works._ Edinburgh, 1781.]
[Illustration]
_Second Coat-of-Arms_
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st and 4th, England. 2nd, Scotland. 3rd, Ireland.
Over all, on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany ensigned with an electoral bonnet gu., turned up with miniver. Used from 1st January 1801 until 8th June 1816. Colours as used by George I. (q.v.).
_Crest, Supporters, and Motto_ as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Badges._--Roses and thistles.
[S. AUGUSTINUS. _De Civitate Dei, etc._ 1467.]
[Illustration]
_Third Coat-of-Arms_
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly, as in the preceding case, but with the Royal Hanoverian Crown, instead of the electoral bonnet, over the escutcheon of pretence. Used from 8th June 1816 until 29th January 1820.
_Crest, Supporters, Badges, and Motto._--As before, with a Royal helmet, but the shield is additionally enclosed within the collar of the Order of the Garter, dependent from which is the badge of the Great George.
[_Inventories of plate belonging to the Crown, etc._]
[Illustration]
The Royal Initials ensigned with a Royal Crown.
[ALLIONIUS. _Tractatio de Miliarium origine et curatione._ Aug. Taurinorum, 1758.]
[Illustration]
The Irish Harp, crowned.
[_Lord's Journals of Ireland._ Dublin, 1780.]
George III. (born 4th June 1738, died 29th January 1820) was the eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and grandson of George II. He succeeded to the throne in 1760.