Part 31
Phar"ynx (?), n.; pl. pharynges (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. pharynx.] (Anat.) The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in fishes and some amphibias.
Phas"co*lome (?), n. [Gr. &?; pouch + &?; mouse.] (Zoˆl.) A marsupial of the genus Phascolomys; a wombat.
Phase (?), n.; pl. Phases (#). [NL. phasis, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make to appear: cf. F. phase. See Phenomenon, Phantom, and Emphasis.] 1. That which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests, especially any one among different and varying appearances of the same object.
2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or view; as, the problem has many phases.
3. (Astron.) A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of enlightened disk; as, the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust. under Moon.
4. (Physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.
Pha"sel (?), n. [L. phaselus, phaseolus, Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. phasÈole, fasÈole. Cf. Fesels.] The French bean, or kidney bean.
Phase"less (?), a. Without a phase, or visible form. [R.] "A phaseless and increasing gloom." Poe.
||Pha*se"o*lus (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants, ||including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. ||See Bean.
Pha`se*o*man"nite (?), n. [So called because found in the unripe fruit of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).] (Chem.) Same as Inosite.
||Pha"sis (?), n.; pl. Phases (#). [NL.] See Phase. Creech.
{ Phasm (?), Phas"ma (?), } n. [L. phasma, Gr. &?;. See Phase.] An apparition; a phantom; an appearance. [R.] Hammond. Sir T. Herbert.
Phas"mid (?), n. [See Phasm. Probably so called from its mimicking, or appearing like, inanimate objects.] (Zoˆl.) Any orthopterous insect of the family PhasmidÊ, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.
Phas"sa*chate (?), n. [Gr. &?; the wood pigeon + &?; the agate.] (Min.) The lead-colored agate; -- so called in reference to its color.
Phat"a*gin (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?;; perhaps from native name.] (Zoˆl.) The long-tailed pangolin (Manis tetradactyla); -- called also ipi.
Pheas"ant (?), n. [OE. fesant, fesaunt, OF. faisant, faisan, F. faisan, L. phasianus, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) the Phasian bird, pheasant, fr. &?; a river in Colchis or Pontus.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of the genus Phasianus, and many other genera of the family PhasianidÊ, found chiefly in Asia.
The common, or English, pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) is now found over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the green pheasant (P. versicolor) have been introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant (Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful species. The silver pheasant (Euplocamus nychthemerus) of China, and several related species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful.
2. (Zoˆl.) The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.]
Various other birds are locally called pheasants, as the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc.
Fireback pheasant. See Fireback. -- Gold, or Golden, pheasant (Zoˆl.), a Chinese pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the under parts are scarlet. -- Mountain pheasant (Zoˆl.), the ruffed grouse. [Local, U.S.] -- Pheasant coucal (Zoˆl.), a large Australian cuckoo (Centropus phasianus). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The name is also applied to other allied species. -- Pheasant duck. (Zoˆl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The hooded merganser. -- Pheasant parrot (Zoˆl.), a large and beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the back black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet. -- Pheasant's eye. (Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb (Adonis autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; -- called also pheasant's-eye Adonis. (b) The garden pink (Dianthus plumarius); - - called also Pheasant's-eye pink. -- Pheasant shell (Zoˆl.), any marine univalve shell of the genus Phasianella, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches like those of a pheasant. -- Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as Partridge wood (a), under Partridge. -- Sea pheasant (Zoˆl.), the pintail. -- Water pheasant. (Zoˆl.) (a) The sheldrake. (b) The hooded merganser.
<! p. 1076 !>
Pheas"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. faisanderie.] A place for keeping and rearing pheasants. Gwilt.
Phe"be (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Phúbe.
Pheer, n. See 1st Fere. [Obs.] Spenser.
Pheese (?), v. t. To comb; also, to beat; to worry. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, v.
Pheese, n. Fretful excitement. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, n.
Phel"lo*derm (?), n. [Gr. &?; cork + -derm.] (Bot.) A layer of green parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the phellogen.
Phel"lo*gen (?), n. [Gr. &?; cork + - gen.] (Bot.) The tissue of young cells which produces cork cells.
Phel`lo*plas"tics (?), n. [Gr. &?; cork + &?; to mold.] Art of modeling in cork.
Phen"a*cite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, impostor, deceiver.] (Min.) A glassy colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes used as a gem. It is a silicate of glucina, and receives its name from its deceptive similarity to quartz.
Phen`a*kis"to*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; a deceiver + -scope.] A revolving disk on which figures drawn in different relative attitudes are seen successively, so as to produce the appearance of an object in actual motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in consequence of the persistence of the successive visual impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so that the figures may be projected upon a screen.
Phe*nan"threne (?), n. [Phenyl + antracene.] (Chem.) A complex hydrocarbon, C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.
Phe*nan"thri*dine (?), n. [Phenanthrene + pyridine.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and quinoline.
Phe*nan"thro*line (?), n. [Phenanthrene + quinoline.] (Chem.) Either of two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, C12H8N2, analogous to phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.
Phene (?), n. (Chem.) Benzene. [Obs.]
Phe"ne*tol (?), n. [Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) The ethyl ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid, C6H5.O.C2H5.
Phe"nic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, phenyl or phenol.
Phenic acid (Chem.), a phenol. [Obsoles.]
Phe*ni"cian (?), a. & n. See Phúnician.
Phen"i*cine (?), n. [Gr. foi^nix purple red: cf. F. phÈnicine.] (Chem.) (a) A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of indigo is diluted with water. (b) A coloring matter produced by the action of a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on phenylic alcohol. Watts.
Phe*ni"cious (?), a. [L. phoeniceus, Gr. foini`keos, from &?; purple red.] Of a red color with a slight mixture of gray. Dana.
Phen`i*cop"ter (?), n. [L. phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko`pteros, i. e., red- feathered; foi^nix, foi`nikos, purple red + ptero`n feather: cf. F. phÈnicoptËre.] (Zoˆl.) A flamingo.
Phe"nix (?), n.; pl. Phenixes (#). [L. phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.] [Written also phúnix.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its ashes. Hence, an emblem of immortality.
2. (Astron.) A southern constellation.
3. A marvelous person or thing. [R.] Latimer.
||Phen`o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. (Bot.) Same as PhÊnogamia.
{ Phen`o*ga"mi*an (?), Phen`o*gam"ic (?), Phe*nog"a*mous (?) }, a. Same as PhÊnogamian, PhÊnogamic, etc.
Phe"nol (?), n. [Gr. &?; to show + - ol: cf. F. phÈnol.] (Chem.) 1. A white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.
It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote, which is a complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type of alcohols, and is called also phenyl alcohol, but has acid properties, and hence is popularly called carbolic acid, and was formerly called phenic acid. It is a powerful caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used as an antiseptic.
2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper is the type.
Glacial phenol (Chem.), pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. -- Phenol acid (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds which are at once derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid series; thus, salicylic acid is a phenol acid. -- Phenol alcohol (Chem.), any one of series of derivatives of phenol and carbinol which have the properties of both combined; thus, saligenin is a phenol alcohol. -- Phenol aldehyde (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds having both phenol and aldehyde properties. - - Phenol phthalein. See under Phthalein.
Phe"no*late (?), n. [Phenol + -ate.] (Chem.) A compound of phenol analogous to a salt.
Phe*nom"e*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. phÈnomÈnal.] Relating to, or of the nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as, a phenomenal memory. -- Phe*nom"e*nal*ly, adv.
Phe*nom"e*nal*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) That theory which limits positive or scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or spiritual.
Phe*nom"e*nist (?), n. One who believes in the theory of phenomenalism.
Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Phenomenon + -logy: cf. F. phÈnomÈnologie.] A description, history, or explanation of phenomena. "The phenomenology of the mind." Sir W. Hamilton.
Phe*nom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Phenomena (#). [L. phaenomenon, Gr. faino`menon, fr. fai`nesqai to appear, fai`nein to show. See Phantom.] 1. An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is apparent to, or is apprehended by, observation; as, the phenomena of heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or memory.
In the phenomena of the material world, and in many of the phenomena of mind.
Stewart.
2. That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; as, a musical phenomenon.
Phe"nose` (?), n. [Phenyl + dextrose.] (Chem.) A sweet amorphous deliquescent substance obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric with, and resembling, dextrose.
Phe"nyl (?), n. [Gr. &?; to bring to light + -yl: cf. F. phÈnyle. So called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical (C6H5) regarded as the essential residue of benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives.
Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol or carbolic acid. -- Phenyl hydrazine (Chem.), a nitrogenous base (C6H5.N2H3) produced artificially as a colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form well-crystallized compounds.
Phe`nyl*am"ine (?), n. [Phenyl + amine.] (Chem.) Any one of certain class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.
Phe"nyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A hypothetic radical (C6H4) occurring in certain derivatives of benzene; as, phenylene diamine.
Phe*nyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, phenyl.
Phenylic alcohol (Chem.), phenol.
Phe"on (?), n. [Prob. from Old French.] (Her.) A bearing representing the head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on the inner edge.
Phi"al (?), n. [F. fiole, L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup or bowl, Gr. &?;. cf. Vial.] A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.
Phi"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phialed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phialing.] To put or keep in, or as in, a phial.
Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust.
Shenstone.
Phil"a*beg (?), n. See Filibeg.
Phil`a*del"phi*an (?), a. [Gr. filadelfia brotherly love, from fila`delfos brotherly; fi`los loved, loving, friendly + 'adelfo`s brother.] Of or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.
Phil`a*del"phi*an, n. 1. A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a society of mystics of the seventeenth century, -- called also the Family of Love. Tatler.
Phil`a*le"thist (?), n. [Philo- + Gr. &?; truth.] A lover of the truth. [Obs.] Brathwait.
Phi*lan"der (?), v. i. [Gr. &?; fond of men; &?; loving + &?; man.] To make love to women; to play the male flirt.
You can't go philandering after her again.
G. Eliot.
Phi*lan"der, n. A lover. [R.] Congreve.
Phi*lan"der, n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A South American opossum (Didelphys philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot (Perameles lagotis).
Phi*lan"der*er (?), n. One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.] C. Kingsley.
Phil"an*thrope (?), n. [F.] A philanthropist. [Obs.] R. North.
{ Phil`an*throp"ic (?), Phil`an*throp"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. philanthropique.] Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; as, a philanthropic enterprise. -- Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly, adv.
Phil`an*throp"i*nism (?), n. A system of education on so-called natural principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.
Phil`an*throp"i*nist (?), n. An advocate of, or believer in, philanthropinism.
Phi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; man: cf. F. philanthrope.] One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and seeks to promote the good of others.
Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a philanthropist. [R.] Carlyle.
Phi*lan"thro*py (?), n. [L. philanthropia, Gr. &?;: cf. F. philanthropie.] Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all men; -- opposed to misanthropy. Jer. Taylor.
Phil`a*tel"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to philately.
Phi*lat"e*list (?), n. One versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.
Phi*lat"e*ly (?), n. [Philo- + Gr. &?; exemption from tax; cf. frank to send free.] The collection of postage stamps of various issues.
Phil"a*to*ry (?), n. [OF. filatiere, philatiere. See Phylactery.] (Eccl.) A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.
Phil"au*ty (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; self.] Self-love; selfishness. [Obs.] Beaumont.
Phil`har*mon"ic (?), a. [Philo- + Gr. &?; harmony: cf. F. philharmonique.] Loving harmony or music.
Phil*hel"lene (?), n. A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a philhellenist. Emerson.
Phil`hel*len"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to philhellenism.
Phil*hel"len*ism (?), n. Love of Greece.
Phil*hel"len*ist, n. [Philo- + Gr. &?; a Greek: cf. F. philhellËne.] A friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks;
## particularly, one who supported them in their struggle for independence
against the Turks; a philhellene.
Phil"i*beg (?), n. See Filibeg. [Scot.]
Phil"ip (?), n. [So called from their notes.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The European hedge sparrow. (b) The house sparrow. Called also phip. [Prov. Eng.]
Phi*lip"pi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.
Phi*lip"pic (?), n. [L. Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; Philip, &?; fond of horses: cf. F. philippique.] 1. Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.
2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious invective.
Phi*lip"pi*um (?), n. [NL. So named from Philippe Plantamour, of Geneva, Switzerland.] (Chem.) A rare and doubtful metallic element said to have been discovered in the mineral samarskite.
Phil"ip*pize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philippized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Philippizing.] [Gr. &?; to be on Philip's side.] 1. To support or advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.
2. [See Philippic.] To write or speak in the style of a philippic.
Phi*lis"ter (?), n. [G.] A Philistine; -- a cant name given to townsmen by students in German universities.
Phi*lis"tine (?), n. [L. Philistinus, Heb. Phlishth, pl. Phlishthm.] 1. A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern Palestine.
2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift.
3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent] M. Arnold.
Phi*lis"tine, a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines.
2. Uncultured; commonplace.
Phi*lis"tin*ism (?), n. The condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called Philistines. See Philistine, 3. [Recent] Carlyle.
On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit, unintelligence, -- this is Philistinism.
M. Arnold.
Phil"lips*ite (?), n. [So named after John Phillips, an English mineralogist.] (Min.) (a) A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals, often cruciform in shape; -- called also christianite.
Phil*lyg"e*nin (?), n. [Phillyrin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A pearly crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin.
||Phil*lyr"e*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Bot.) A genus of ||evergreen plants growing along the shores of the Mediterranean, and ||breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.
Phil"ly*rin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a febrifuge.
Philo-. A combining form from Gr. fi`los loving, fond of, attached to; as, philosophy, philotechnic.
Phi*log"y*nist (?), n. [See Philogyny.] A lover or friend of women; one who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; -- opposed to misogynist.
Phi*log"y*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; woman.] Fondness for women; uxoriousness; -- opposed to misogyny. [R.] Byron.
Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an (?), n. A philhellenist.
Phi*lol"o*ger (?), n. [Cf. L. philologus a man of letters, Gr. &?;, originally, fond of talking; hence, fond of learning and literature; &?; loving + &?; speech, discourse.] A philologist. Burton.
Phil`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A philologist. [R.]
{ Phil`o*log"ic*al (?), Phil`o*log"ic (?), } a. [Cf. F. philologique.] Of or pertaining to philology. -- Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
Phi*lol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in philology.
Phi*lol"o*gize (?), v. i. To study, or make critical comments on, language. Evelyn.
Phil"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. F. philologue.] A philologist. [R.] Carlyle.
Phi*lol"o*gy (?), n. [L. philologia love of learning, interpretation, philology, Gr. &?;: cf. F. philologie. See Philologer.] 1. Criticism; grammatical learning. [R.] Johnson.
2. The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as a science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation of different tongues to one another, and historical development of languages; linguistic science.
Philology comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or origin and combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences, or use of words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors, the affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the history or present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, history, and antiquities.
3. A treatise on the science of language.
<! p. 1077 !>
Phil"o*math (?), n. [Gr. &?;; fi`los loving, a friend + ma`qh learning, fr. &?;, &?;, to learn.] A lover of learning; a scholar. Chesterfield.
Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic (?), n. A philomath.
Phil`o*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. philomathique.] 1. Of or pertaining to philomathy.
2. Having love of learning or letters.
Phi*lom"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;.] The love of learning or letters.
Phil"o*mel (?), n. Same as Philomela, the nightingale. [Poetic] Milton. Cowper.
Phil`o*me"la (?), n. [L. philomela, Gr. &?;, according to the legend, from &?; Philomela (daughter of Pandion, king of Athens), who was changed into a nightingale.] 1. The nightingale; philomel. Shak.
2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of birds including the nightingales.
Phil"o*mene (?), n. The nightingale. [Obs.]
Phil"o*mot (?), a. [See Filemot.] Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.] Addison.
Phil`o*mu"sic*al (?), a. [Philo- + musical.] Loving music. [R.]Busby.
Phil`o*pe"na (?), n. [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen, LG. vielliebken, or D. veelliebken, a philopena, literally, much loved; but influenced by Gr. &?; a friend, and L. poena penalty, from an idea that the gift was a penalty of friendship or love.] A present or gift which is made as a forfeit in a social game that is played in various ways; also, the game itself. [Written also fillipeen and phillippine.]
One of the ways may be stated as follows: A person finding a nut with two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a person of the opposite sex, and then whichever says philopena first at the next meeting wins the present. The name is also applied to the kernels eaten.
{ Phil`o*po*lem"ic (?), Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; fond of war, warlike; &?; loving + &?; war.] Fond of polemics or controversy. [R.]
Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive (?), a. Having the love of offspring; fond of children.
Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness, n. [Philo- + L. progenies offspring.] (Phren.) The love of offspring; fondness for children.
Phi*los"o*phas`ter (?), n. [L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus: cf. OF. philosophastre.] A pretender to philosophy. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Phi*los"o*phate (?), v. i. [L. philosophatus, p. p. of philosophari to philosophize.] To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Obs.] Barrow.
Phi*los`o*pha"tion (?), n. Philosophical speculation and discussion. [Obs.] Sir W. Petty.
Phil"o*sophe (?), n. [F., a philosopher.] A philosophaster; a philosopher. [R.] Carlyle.
Phi*los"o*pheme (?), n. [Gr. &?;, from &?; to love knowledge.] A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of reasoning. [R.]
This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian myths, is a philosopheme.
Coleridge.
Phi*los"o*pher (?), n. [OE. philosophre, F. philosophe, L. philosophus, Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; wise. Cf. Philosophy.] 1. One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.
Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him.
Acts xvii. 18.
2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.
3. An alchemist. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Philosopher's stone, an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold.
{ Phil`o*soph"ic (?), Phil`o*soph"ic*al (?), } a. [L. philosophicus: cf. F. philosophique.] Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool. -- Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.
Phi*los"o*phism (?), n. [Cf. F. philosophisme.] Spurious philosophy; the love or practice of sophistry. Carlyle.
Phi*los"o*phist (?), n. [Cf. F. philosophiste.] A pretender in philosophy.
{ Phi*los`o*phis"tic (?), Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.]
Phi*los"o*phize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philosophized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Philosophizing (?).] To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence.
Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but philosophize he must.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Phi*los"o*phi`zer (?), n. One who philosophizes.
Phi*los"o*phy (?), n.; pl. Philosophies (#). [OE. philosophie, F. philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. &?;. See Philosopher.] 1. Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and laws.
When applied to any particular department of knowledge, philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and the divine government, is called theology; when applied to material objects, it is called physics; when it treats of man, it is called anthropology and psychology, with which are connected logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which philosophy is possible, it is called metaphysics.