Part 33

2. (Chem.) A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group, obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having a characteristic disagreeable smell. It is very active chemically, must be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary temperatures, giving a faint glow, -- whence its name. It always occurs compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in bones, etc. It is used in the composition on the tips of friction matches, and for many other purposes. The molecule contains four atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.

3. (Chem.) Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies.

Bologna phosphorus (Chem.), sulphide of barium, which shines in the dark after exposure to light; -- so called because this property was discovered by a resident of Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to other compounds having similar properties. -- Metallic phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a gray metallic crystalline substance, having very inert chemical properties. It is obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel at a high temperature. -- Phosphorus disease (Med.), a disease common among workers in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and other symptoms. -- Red, or Amorphous, phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is not poisonous, is not phosphorescent, and is only moderately active chemically. It is valuable as a chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the friction surface on which safety matches are ignited. -- Solar phosphori (Chem.), phosphorescent substances which shine in the dark after exposure to the sunlight or other intense light.

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Phos"phor*yl (?), n. [Phosphorus + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical PO, regarded as the typical nucleus of certain compounds.

Phos"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A phosphide. [Obsoles.]

Phos"phu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Impregnated, or combined, with phosphorus. [Obsoles.] [Written also phosphuretted.]

Phosphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Phosphine.

Pho"tic (?), a. [Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light.] (Physiol.) Relating to the production of light by the lower animals.

Pho"tics (?), n. (Physics) The science of light; -- a general term sometimes employed when optics is restricted to light as a producing vision. Knight.

Pho"to (?), n.; pl. Photos (&?;). A contraction of Photograph. [Colloq.]

Pho"to- (?). A combining form from Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light; as, photography, phototype, photometer.

Pho`to*bi*ot"ic (?), a. [Photo- + biotic.] (Biol.) Requiring light to live; incapable of living without light; as, photobiotic plant cells.

Pho`to*chem"ic*al (?), a. [Photo- + chemical.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to chemical action of light, or produced by it; as, the photochemical changes of the visual purple of the retina.

Pho`to*chem"is*try (?), n. [Photo- + chemistry.] (Chem.) The branch of chemistry which relates to the effect of light in producing chemical changes, as in photography.

{ Pho`to*chro"mic (?), Pho`to*chro*mat"ic (?), } a. Of or pertaining to photochromy; produced by photochromy.

Pho*toch"ro*my (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. &?; color.] The art or process of reproducing colors by photography.

Pho"to*drome (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. &?; to run.] (Physics) An apparatus consisting of a large wheel with spokes, which when turning very rapidly is illuminated by momentary flashes of light passing through slits in a rotating disk. By properly timing the succession of flashes the wheel is made to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less slowly in either direction.

Pho`to-e*lec"tric (?), a. [Photo- + electric.] Acting by the operation of both light and electricity; -- said of apparatus for producing pictures by electric light.

Pho`to-e*lec"tro*type (?), n. (Print.) An electrotype plate formed in a mold made by photographing on prepared gelatine, etc.

Pho`to-en*grav"ing (?), n. [Photo- + engraving.] The process of obtaining an etched or engraved plate from the photographic image, to be used in printing; also, a picture produced by such a process.

Pho`to-ep"i*nas`ty (?), n. [See Photo-, and Epinastic.] (Bot.) A disproportionately rapid growth of the upper surface of dorsiventral organs, such as leaves, through the stimulus of exposure to light. Encyc. Brit.

Pho`to*gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + galvanography.] The art or process of making photo-electrotypes. Sir D. Brewster.

Pho"to*gen (?), n. [Photo- + - gen.] (Chem.) A light hydrocarbon oil resembling kerosene. It is obtained by distilling coal, paraffin, etc., and is used as a lubricant, illuminant, etc. [Written also photogene.]

Pho"to*gene (?), n. [See Photogen.] 1. A photograph. [Obsoles.]

2. A more or less continued impression or image on the retina. H. Spencer.

Pho`to*gen"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photogeny; producing or generating light.

Pho*tog"e*ny (?), n. [See Photogen.] See Photography. [Obsoles.]

Pho`to*glyph"ic (?), a. [Photo- + Gr. &?; to engrave.] Pertaining to the art of engraving by the action of light. [Written also photoglyptic.]

Photoglyphic engraving, a process of etching on copper, steel, or zinc, by means of the action of light and certain chemicals, so that from the plate impressions may be taken. Sir D. Brewster.

Pho*tog"ly*phy (?), n. Photoglyphic engraving. See under Photoglyphic.

Pho`to*glyp"tic (?), a. Same as Photoglyphic.

Pho"to*gram (?), n. [Photo- + -gram.] A photograph. [R.]

Pho"to*graph (?), n. [Photo- + -graph.] A picture or likeness obtained by photography.

Pho"to*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Photographed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Photographing (?).] To take a picture or likeness of by means of photography; as, to photograph a view; to photograph a group.

He makes his pen drawing on white paper, and they are afterwards photographed on wood.

Hamerton.

Also used figuratively.

He is photographed on my mind.

Lady D. Hardy.

Pho"to*graph, v. i. To practice photography; to take photographs.

Pho*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices, or is skilled in, photography.

{ Pho`to*graph"ic (?), Pho`to*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. photographique.] Of or pertaining to photography; obtained by photography; used ib photography; as a photographic picture; a photographic camera. -- Pho`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Photographic printing, the process of obtaining pictures, as on chemically prepared paper, from photographic negatives, by exposure to light.

Pho*tog"ra*phist (?), n. A photographer.

Pho*tog"ra*phom"e*ter (?), n. [Photograph + -meter.] (Photog.) An instrument for determining the sensibility of the plates employed in photographic processes to luminous rays.

Pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + -graphy: cf. F. photographie.] 1. The science which relates to the action of light on sensitive bodies in the production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the like.

2. The art or process of producing pictures by this action of light.

The well-focused optical image is thrown on a surface of metal, glass, paper, or other suitable substance, coated with collodion or gelatin, and sensitized with the chlorides, bromides, or iodides of silver, or other salts sensitive to light. The exposed plate is then treated with reducing agents, as pyrogallic acid, ferrous sulphate, etc., to develop the latent image. The image is then fixed by washing off the excess of unchanged sensitive salt with sodium hyposulphite (thiosulphate) or other suitable reagents.

Pho`to*grav"ure (?), n. [F.] A photoengraving; also, the process by which such a picture is produced.

Pho`to*he"li*o*graph (?), n. [Photo- + heliograph.] (Physics) A modified kind of telescope adapted to taking photographs of the sun.

Pho`to*lith"o*graph (?), n. [Photo- + lithograph.] A lithographic picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid of photography.

Pho`to*lith"o*graph, v. t. To produce (a picture, a copy) by the process of photolithography.

Pho`to*li*thog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices, or one who employs, photolithography.

Pho`to*lith`o*graph"ic (?), n. Of or pertaining to photolithography; produced by photolithography.

Pho`to*li*thog"ra*phy (?), n. The art or process of producing photolithographs.

{ Pho`to*log"ic (?), Pho`to*log"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to photology, or the doctrine of light.

Pho*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who studies or expounds the laws of light.

Pho*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Photo- + -logy: cf. F. photologie.] The doctrine or science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena; optics.

Pho`to*mag*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photomagnetism.

Pho`to*mag"net*ism (?), n. The branch of science which treats of the relation of magnetism to light.

Pho`to*me*chan"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or designating, any photographic process in which a printing surface is obtained without the intervention of hand engraving.

Pho*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Photo- + -meter: cf. F. photomËtre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more especially, for comparing the relative intensities of different lights, or their relative illuminating power.

{ Pho`to*met"ric (?), Pho`to*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. photomÈtrique.] Of or pertaining to photometry, or to a photometer.

Pho*tom`e*tri"cian (?), n. One engaged in the scientific measurement of light.

Pho*tom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. photomÈtrie.] That branch of science which treats of the measurement of the intensity of light.

Pho`to*mi"cro*graph (f`t*m"kr*grf), n. [Photo- + micro + -graph.] 1. An enlarged or macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. See Microphotograph.

2. A microscopically small photograph of an object.

Pho`to*mi*crog"ra*phy (?), n. The art of producing photomicrographs.

Pho`to*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light + &?; fear.] (Med.) A dread or intolerance of light. Sir T. Watson.

Pho"to*phone (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. &?; sound.] (Physics) An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of rays of light. A. G. Bell.

Pho`to*phon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photophone.

Pho*toph"o*ny (?), n. The art or practice of using the photophone.

Pho*top"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light + &?; sight.] (Med.) An affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives luminous rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. See phosphene.

Pho*top"sy (?), n. Same as Photopsia.

Pho`to*re*lief" (?), n. A printing surface in relief, obtained by photographic means and subsequent manipulations. Knight.

Pho"to*scope (?), n. [Photo- + -scope.] (Physics) Anything employed for the observation of light or luminous effects.

Pho`to*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the photoscope or its uses.

Pho`to*sculp"ture (?), n. [Photo- + sculpture.] A process in which, by means of a number of photographs simultaneously taken from different points of view on the same level, rough models of the figure or bust of a person or animal may be made with great expedition.

Pho"to*sphere (?), n. [Photo- + sphere.] A sphere of light; esp., the luminous envelope of the sun.

Pho`to*spher"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the photosphere.

Pho*tot"o*nus (?), n. [NL. See Photo- , and Tone.] (Bot.) A motile condition in plants resulting from exposure to light. -- Pho`to*ton"ic (#), a.

Pho`to*trop"ic (?), a. [Photo- + Gr. &?; to turn.] (Bot.) Same as Heliotropic.

Pho"to*type (?), n. [Photo- + -type.] A plate or block with a printing surface (usually in relief) obtained from a photograph; also, any one of the many methods of processes by which such a printing surface is obtained.

Pho`to*typ"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a phototype or phototypy.

Pho`to*ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + typography.] Same as Phototypy.

Pho*tot"y*py (?), n. The art or process of producing phototypes.

Pho`to*xy*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + xylography.] The process of producing a representation of an object on wood, by photography, for the use of the wood engraver.

Pho`to*zin"co*graph (?), n. A print made by photozincography. -- Pho`to*zin`co*graph"ic, a.

Pho`to*zin*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + zincography.] A process, analogous to photolithography, for reproducing photographed impressions transferred to zinc plate.

Phrag"mo*cone (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fence, an inclosure + &?; a cone.] (Zoˆl.) The thin chambered shell attached to the anterior end of a belemnite. [Written also phragmacone.]

Phrag`mo*si"phon (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The siphon of a phragmocone.

Phras"al (?), a. Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; as, a phrasal adverb. Earlc.

Phrase (?), n. [F., fr. L. phrasis diction, phraseology, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to speak.] 1. A brief expression, sometimes a single word, but usually two or more words forming an expression by themselves, or being a portion of a sentence; as, an adverbial phrase.

"Convey" the wise it call. "Steal!" foh! a fico for the phrase.

Shak.

2. A short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often employed; a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; as, to err is human.

3. A mode or form of speech; the manner or style in which any one expreses himself; diction; expression. "Phrases of the hearth." Tennyson.

Thou speak'st In better phrase and matter than thou didst.

Shak.

4. (Mus.) A short clause or portion of a period.

A composition consists first of sentences, or periods; these are subdivided into sections, and these into phrases.

Phrase book, a book of idiomatic phrases. J. S. Blackie.

Phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phrasing.] [Cf. F. phraser.] To express in words, or in peculiar words; to call; to style. "These suns -- for so they phrase 'em." Shak.

Phrase, v. i. 1. To use proper or fine phrases. [R.]

2. (Mus.) To group notes into phrases; as, he phrases well. See Phrase, n., 4.

Phrase"less, a. Indescribable. Shak.

Phra"se*o*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?; a phrase + -gram.] (Phonography) A symbol for a phrase.

{ Phra`se*o*log"ic (?), Phra`se*o*log"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to phraseology; consisting of a peculiar form of words. "This verbal or phraseological answer." Bp. Pearson.

Phra`se*ol"o*gist (?), n. A collector or coiner of phrases.

Phra`se*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, phrase + -logy: cf. F. phrasÈologie.] 1. Manner of expression; peculiarity of diction; style.

Most completely national in his . . . phraseology.

I. Taylor.

2. A collection of phrases; a phrase book. [R.]

Syn. -- Diction; style. See Diction.

Phras"ing (?), n. 1. Method of expression; association of words.

2. (Mus.) The act or method of grouping the notes so as to form distinct musical phrases.

Phra"try (?), n.; pl. Phratries (#). [Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) A subdivision of a phyle, or tribe, in Athens.

Phre*at"ic (?), a. [F. phrÈatique, from Gr. &?;, &?;, a well.] (Geol.) Subterranean; -- applied to sources supplying wells.

{ Phre*net"ic (?), Phre*net"ic*al (?), } a. [L. phreneticus, Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. phrÈnÈtique. See Frantic, and cf. Frenetic.] Relating to phrenitis; suffering from frenzy; delirious; mad; frantic; frenetic. -- Phre*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Phre*net"ic, n. One who is phrenetic. Harvey.

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Phren"ic (?), a.[Gr. &?;, &?;, the midriff, or diaphragm, the heart, the mind: cf. F. phrÈnique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the diaphragm; diaphragmatic; as, the phrenic nerve.

Phren"ics (?), n. That branch of science which relates to the mind; mental philosophy. [R.]

Phre"nism (?), n. [See Phrenic.] (Biol.) See Vital force, under Vital.

||Phre*ni"tis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;.] 1. (Med.) ||Inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, attended ||with acute fever and delirium; -- called also cephalitis.

2. See Frenzy.

Phre"no*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the migriff + -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for registering the movements of the diaphragm, or midriff, in respiration.

Phre*nol"o*ger (?), n. A phrenologist.

Phren`o*log"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. phrÈnologique.] Phrenological.

Phren`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phrenology. -- Phren`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Phre*nol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. phrÈnologiste.] One versed in phrenology; a craniologist.

Phre*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the mind + -logy: cf. F. phrÈnologie.] 1. The science of the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain.

2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of the head or skull; craniology.

Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of twenty-six organs, as round inclosures with vacant interspaces. Spurzheim and Combe divided the whole scalp into oblong and conterminous patches. Encyc. Brit.

Phre`no*mag"net*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the mind + E. magnetism.] The power of exciting the organs of the brain by magnetic or mesmeric influence.

Phre"no*sin (?), n. [See Phrenic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous body, related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the brain.

Phren"sied (?), p. p. & a. See Frenzied.

Phren"sy (?), n. Violent and irrational excitement; delirium. See Frenzy.

Phren"sy, v. t. To render frantic.

Phren"tic (?), n. & a. See Phrenetic. [Obs.]

Phry*ga"ne*id (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any insect belonging to the Phryganeides.

||Phryg`a*ne"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Phryganea, the typical genus, ||fr. Gr. &?; a dry stick.] (Zoˆl.) A tribe of neuropterous insects ||which includes the caddice flies; -- called also Trichoptera. See ||Trichoptera. [Written also Phryganides.]

Phryg"i*an (?), a. [L. Phrygius, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; Phrygia, a country of Asia Minor.] Of or pertaining to Phrygia, or to its inhabitants.

Phrygian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek modes, very bold and vehement in style; -- so called because fabled to have been invented by the Phrygian Marsyas. Moore (Encyc. of Music). -- Phrygian stone, a light, spongy stone, resembling a pumice, -- used by the ancients in dyeing, and said to be drying and astringent.

Phryg"i*an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Phrygia.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) A Montanist.

Phthal"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phthalic acid.

Phthal"e*in (?), n. [See Phthalic.] (Chem.) One of a series of artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the phenols with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthaleÔn. Their alkaline solutions are fluorescent.

Phenol phthalein, a white or yellowish white crystalline substance made from phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by acids, and as this reaction is exceedingly delicate it is used as an indicator.

Phthal"ic (?), a. [Naphthalene + -ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene and allied substances.

Phthalic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, C6H4.(CO2H)2, analogous to benzoic acid, and employed in the brilliant dyestuffs called the phthaleins.

Phthal"ide (?), n. [Phthalyl + anhydride.] (Chem.) A lactone obtained by reduction of phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper is the type. [Written also phthalid.]

Phthal"i*mide (?), n. [Phthalic + imide.] (Chem.) An imido derivative of phthalic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C6H4.(CO)2NH, which has itself (like succinimide) acid properties, and forms a series of salts. Cf. Imido acid, under Imido.

Phthal"in (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance obtained by reduction from phthaleÔn, into which it is easily converted by oxidation; hence, any one of the series of which phthalin proper is the type.

Phthal"yl (?), n. [Phthalic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of phthalic acid.

||Phthi*ri"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; louse.] (Med.) A ||disease (morbus pediculous) consisting in the excessive ||multiplication of lice on the human body.

Phthis"ic (?), n. Same as Phthisis.

Phthis"ic*al (?), a. [L. phthisicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. phthisique. See Phthisis.] Of or pertaining to phthisis; affected with phthisis; wasting; consumptive.

Phthis"ick*y (?), a. Having phthisis, or some symptom of it, as difficulty in breathing.

Phthis`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Phthisis + -logy.] (Med.) A treatise on phthisis. Dunglison.

{ ||Phthis`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?), Phthis`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), } n. [NL. See Phthisis, Pneumonia.] (Med.) Pulmonary consumption.

Phthi"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pass or waste away: cf. F. phthisie.] (Med.) A wasting or consumption of the tissues. The term was formerly applied to many wasting diseases, but is now usually restricted to pulmonary phthisis, or consumption. See Consumption.

Fibroid phthisis. See under Fibroid.

Phthon"gal (?), a. [Gr. &?; voice.] Formed into, or characterized by, voice; vocalized; -- said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of the vocal or sonant consonants g, d, b, l, r, v, z, etc.

Phthon"gal, n. A vocalized element or letter.

Phthon*gom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; voice + -meter.] An instrument for measuring vocal sounds. Whewell.

Phthor (?), n. [F. phthore, Gr. &?; to destroy.] (Old Chem.) Fluorine. [Written also phthor.]

Phy"cite (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed.] (Chem.) See Erythrite, 1.

Phy"co*chrome (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + &?; color.] (Bot.) A bluish green coloring matter of certain algÊ.

{ Phy`co*cy"a*nin (?), Phy`co*cy"a*nine (?), } n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + E. cyanin.] A blue coloring matter found in certain algÊ.

{ Phy`co*e*ryth"rin (?), Phy`co*e*ryth"rine (?), } n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + E. erythrin, - ine.] A red coloring matter found in algÊ of the subclass FlorideÊ.

Phy*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + -graphy.] A description of seaweeds.

Phy*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + -logy.] The science of algÊ, or seaweeds; algology.

||Phy`co*ma"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; seaweed + L. mater mother.] ||(Bot.) A gelatin in which the algÊ spores have been supposed to ||vegetate.

Phy`co*phÊ"ine (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + (&?;) dusky.] A brown coloring matter found in certain algÊ.

{ Phy`co*xan"thin (?), Phy`co*xan"thine (?), } n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + &?; yellow.] A yellowish coloring matter found in certain algÊ.

Phy*lac"ter (?), n. A phylactery. Sandys.

Phy*lac"tered (?), a. Wearing a phylactery.

{ Phyl`ac*ter"ic (?), Phyl`ac*ter"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to phylacteries.

Phy*lac"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Phylacteries (#). [OE. filateri, OF. filatire, filatiere, F. phylactËre, L. phylacterium, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a watcher, guard, &?; to watch, guard. Cf. Philatory.] 1. Any charm or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.

2. A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin, containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9, 13-22. They are worn by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day mornings, during the time of prayer. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

3. Among the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the dead were inclosed.

Phy*lac"to*carp (?), n. [Gr. &?; to guard + &?; fruit.] (Zoˆl.) A branch of a plumularian hydroid specially modified in structure for the protection of the gonothecÊ.

{ ||Phy*lac`to*lÊ"ma (?), ||Phy*lac`to*lÊ"ma*ta (?), } n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to guard + &?; the gullet.] (Zoˆl.) An order of fresh-water Bryozoa in which the tentacles are arranged on a horseshoe-shaped lophophore, and the mouth is covered by an epistome. Called also Lophopoda, and hippocrepians.

Phy*lac`to*lÊ"ma*tous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the PhylactolÊma.

{ ||Phy*lac`to*le"ma (?), ||Phy*lac`to*le"ma*ta (?), } n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as PhylactolÊma.

Phy"larch (?), n. [L. phylarchus, Gr. &?;. See Phyle, and -arch.] (Gr. Antiq.) The chief of a phyle, or tribe.

Phy"larch*y (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] The office of a phylarch; government of a class or tribe.

||Phy"le (?), n.; pl. PhylÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a body of men united ||by ties of blood or habitation.] A local division of the people in ||ancient Athens; a clan; a tribe.

Phyl"lite (?), n. [See Phylo-.] (Min.) (a) A mineral related to ottrelite. (b) Clay slate; argillaceous schist.

Phyl"lo- (?). A combining form from Gr. &?; a leaf; as, phyllopod, phyllotaxy.

||Phyl`lo*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. PhyllobranciÊ (#). [NL. See Phyllo-, ||and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) A crustacean gill composed of lamellÊ.

||Phyl`lo*cla"di*um (?), n.; pl. Phyllocladia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a ||leaf + &?; a sprout.] (Bot.) A flattened stem or branch which more or ||less resembles a leaf, and performs the function of a leaf as regards ||respiration and assimilation.

Phyl`lo*cy"a*nin (?), n. [Phyllo- + cyanin.] (Chem.) A blue coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll. [Written also phyllocyanine.]

Phyl"lo*cyst (?), n. [Phyllo- + cyst.] (Zoˆl.) The cavity of a hydrophyllium.

Phyl"lode (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Phyllodium.

Phyl`lo*din"eous (?), a. (Bot.) Having phyllodia; relating to phyllodia.

||Phyl*lo"di*um (?), n.; pl. Phyllodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; leaflike; ||&?; leaf + &?; form.] (Bot.) A petiole dilated into the form of a ||blade, and usually with vertical edges, as in the Australian acacias.

Phyl"lo*dy (?), n. [See Phyllodium.] (Bot.) A retrograde metamorphosis of the floral organs to the condition of leaves.

Phyl"loid (?), a. [Phyllo- + - oid.] Resembling a leaf.

Phyl`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Phyllo- + mania.] (Bot.) An abnormal or excessive production of leaves.

Phyl"lome (?), n. [Gr. &?; foliage, fr. &?; a leaf.] (Bot.) A foliar part of a plant; any organ homologous with a leaf, or produced by metamorphosis of a leaf.