Part 85
Puck (?), n. [OE. pouke; cf. OSw. puke, Icel. pki an evil demon, W. pwca a hobgoblin. Cf. Poker a bugbear, Pug.] 1. (MediÊval Myth.) A celebrated fairy, "the merry wanderer of the night;" -- called also Robin Goodfellow, Friar Rush, Pug, etc. Shak.
He meeteth Puck, whom most men call Hobgoblin, and on him doth fall.
Drayton.
2. (Zoˆl.) The goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.]
Puck"ball` (?), n. [Puck + ball.] A puffball.
Puck"er (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Puckered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puckering.] [From Poke a pocket, small bag.] To gather into small folds or wrinkles; to contract into ridges and furrows; to corrugate; -- often with up; as, to pucker up the mouth. "His skin [was] puckered up in wrinkles." Spectator.
Puck"er, n. 1. A fold; a wrinkle; a collection of folds.
2. A state of perplexity or anxiety; confusion; bother; agitation. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]
Puck"er*er, n. One who, or that which, puckers.
Puck"er*y (?), a. 1. Producing, or tending to produce, a pucker; as, a puckery taste. Lowell.
2. Inclined to become puckered or wrinkled; full of puckers or wrinkles.
Puck"fist` (?), n. A puffball.
Puck"ish, a. [From Puck.] Resembling Puck; merry; mischievous. "Puckish freaks." J. R. Green.
Pu"cras (?), n. [From a native name in India.] (Zoˆl.) See Koklass.
Pud (?), n. Same as Pood.
Pud (?), n. The hand; the first. [Colloq.] Lamb.
Pud"den*ing (?), n. [Probably fr. pudden, for pudding, in allusion to its softness.] (Naut.) (a) A quantity of rope-yarn, or the like, placed, as a fender, on the bow of a boat. (b) A bunch of soft material to prevent chafing between spars, or the like.
Pud"der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puddered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puddering.] [Cf. Pother.] To make a tumult or bustle; to splash; to make a pother or fuss; to potter; to meddle.
Puddering in the designs or doings of others.
Barrow.
Others pudder into their food with their broad nebs.
Holland.
Pud"der, v. t. To perplex; to embarrass; to confuse; to bother; as, to pudder a man. Locke.
Pud"der, n. A pother; a tumult; a confused noise; turmoil; bustle. "All in a pudder." Milton.
Pud"ding (?), n. [Cf. F. boudin black pudding, sausage, L. botulus, botellus, a sausage, G. & Sw. pudding pudding, Dan. podding, pudding, LG. puddig thick, stumpy, W. poten, potten, also E. pod, pout, v.] 1. A species of food of a soft or moderately hard consistence, variously made, but often a compound of flour or meal, with milk and eggs, etc.
And solid pudding against empty praise.
Pope.
2. Anything resembling, or of the softness and consistency of, pudding.
3. An intestine; especially, an intestine stuffed with meat, etc.; a sausage. Shak.
4. Any food or victuals.
Eat your pudding, slave, and hold your tongue.
Prior.
5. (Naut.) Same as Puddening.
Pudding grass (Bot.), the true pennyroyal (Mentha Pulegium), formerly used to flavor stuffing for roast meat. Dr. Prior. -- Pudding pie, a pudding with meat baked in it. Taylor (1630). -- Pudding pipe (Bot.), the long, cylindrical pod of the leguminous tree Cassia Fistula. The seeds are separately imbedded in a sweetish pulp. See Cassia. -- Pudding sleeve, a full sleeve like that of the English clerical gown. Swift. -- Pudding stone. (Min.) See Conglomerate, n., 2. -- Pudding time. (a) The time of dinner, pudding being formerly the dish first eaten. [Obs.] Johnson. (b) The nick of time; critical time. [Obs.]
Mars, that still protects the stout, In pudding time came to his aid.
Hudibras.
Pud"ding-head`ed (?), a. Stupid. [Colloq.]
Pud"dle (?), n. [OE. podel; cf. LG. pudel, Ir. & Gael. plod pool.] 1. A small quantity of dirty standing water; a muddy plash; a small pool. Spenser.
2. Clay, or a mixture of clay and sand, kneaded or worked, when wet, to render it impervious to water.
Puddle poet, a low or worthless poet. [R.] Fuller.
Pud"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puddling (?).] 1. To make foul or muddy; to pollute with dirt; to mix dirt with (water).
Some unhatched practice . . . Hath puddled his clear spirit.
Shak.
2. (a) To make dense or close, as clay or loam, by working when wet, so as to render impervious to water. (b) To make impervious to liquids by means of puddle; to apply puddle to.
3. To subject to the process of puddling, as iron, so as to convert it from the condition of cast iron to that of wrought iron. Ure.
Puddled steel, steel made directly from cast iron by a modification of the puddling process.
Pud"dle, v. i. To make a dirty stir. [Obs.] R. Junius.
Pud"dle-ball` (?), n. The lump of pasty wrought iron as taken from the puddling furnace to be hammered or rolled.
Pud"dle-bar" (?), n. An iron bar made at a single heat from a puddle-ball hammering and rolling.
Pud"dler (?), n. One who converts cast iron into wrought iron by the process of puddling.
Pud"dling (?), n. 1. (Hydraul. Engin.) (a) The process of working clay, loam, pulverized ore, etc., with water, to render it compact, or impervious to liquids; also, the process of rendering anything impervious to liquids by means of puddled material. (b) Puddle. See Puddle, n., 2.
2. (Metal.) The art or process of converting cast iron into wrought iron or steel by subjecting it to intense heat and frequent stirring in a reverberatory furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances, by which it is freed from a portion of its carbon and other impurities.
Puddling furnace, a reverberatory furnace in which cast iron is converted into wrought iron or into steel by puddling.
Pud"dly (?), a. Consisting of, or resembling, puddles; muddy; foul. "Thick puddly water." Carew.
Pud"dock (?), n. [For paddock, or parrock, a park.] A small inclosure. [Written also purrock.] [Prov. Eng.]
Pu"den*cy (?), n. [L. pudens, p. pr. of pudere to be ashamed.] Modesty; shamefacedness. "A pudency so rosy." Shak.
||Pu*den"da (?), n. pl. [L., from pudendus that of which one ought to ||be ashamed, fr. pudere to be ashamed.] (Anat.) The external organs of ||generation.
Pu*den"dal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pudenda, or pudendum.
||Pu*den"dum (?), n. [NL. See Pudenda.] (Anat.) The external organs of ||generation, especially of the female; the vulva.
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Pudg"y (?), a. Short and fat or sturdy; dumpy; podgy; as, a short, pudgy little man; a pudgy little hand. Thackeray.
Pu"dic (?), a. [L. pudicus modest, fr. pudere to be ashamed: cf. F. pudique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the external organs of generation.
Pu"dic*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pudic.
Pu*dic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pudicitÈ, L. pudicitia.] Modesty; chastity. Howell.
Pu"du (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A very small deer (Pudua humilis), native of the Chilian Andes. It has simple spikelike antlers, only two or three inches long.
Pue (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puing.] To make a low whistling sound; to chirp, as birds. Halliwell.
Pueb"lo (?), n. [Sp., a village, L. populus people. See People.] A communistic building erected by certain Indian tribes of Arizona and New Mexico. It is often of large size and several stories high, and is usually built either of stone or adobe. The term is also applied to any Indian village in the same region.
Pueblo Indians (Ethnol.), any tribe or community of Indians living in pueblos. The principal Pueblo tribes are the Moqui, the ZuÒi, the Keran, and the Tewan.
Pue"fel`low (?), n. A pewfellow. [Obs.]
Pu"er (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The dung of dogs, used as an alkaline steep in tanning. Simmonds.
||Pu*er"co (?), n. [Sp.] A hog.
Puerco beds (Geol.), a name given to certain strata belonging to the earliest Eocene. They are developed in Northwestern New Mexico, along the Rio Puerco, and are characterized by their mammalian remains.
Pu"er*ile (?), a. [L. puerilis, fr. puer a child, a boy: cf. F. puÈril.] Boyish; childish; trifling; silly.
The French have been notorious through generations for their puerile affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic precedents.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- Youthful; boyish; juvenile; childish; trifling; weak. See Youthful.
Pu"er*ile*ly, adv. In a puerile manner; childishly.
Pu"er*ile*ness, n. The quality of being puerile; puerility.
Pu`er*il"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Puerilities (#). [L. puerilitas: cf. F. puÈrilitÈ.] 1. The quality of being puerile; childishness; puerileness. Sir T. Browne.
2. That which is puerile or childish; especially, an expression which is flat, insipid, or silly.
Pu*er"per*al (?), a. [L. puerpera a lying-in woman; puer child + parere to bear: cf. F. puerpÈral.] Of or pertaining to childbirth; as, a puerperal fever.
Pu*er"per*ous (?), a. Bearing children. [R.]
Pu"et (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The pewit.
Puff (pf), n. [Akin to G. & Sw. puff a blow, Dan. puf, D. pof; of imitative origin. Cf. Buffet.] 1. A sudden and single emission of breath from the mouth; hence, any sudden or short blast of wind; a slight gust; a whiff. " To every puff of wind a slave." Flatman.
2. Anything light and filled with air. Specifically: (a) A puffball. (b) a kind of light pastry. (c) A utensil of the toilet for dusting the skin or hair with powder.
3. An exaggerated or empty expression of praise, especially one in a public journal.
Puff adder. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any South African viper belonging to Clotho and allied genera. They are exceedingly venomous, and have the power of greatly distending their bodies when irritated. The common puff adder (Vipera, or Clotho arietans) is the largest species, becoming over four feet long. The plumed puff adder (C. cornuta) has a plumelike appendage over each eye. (b) A North American harmless snake (Heterodon platyrrhinos) which has the power of puffing up its body. Called also hog-nose snake, flathead, spreading adder, and blowing adder. -- Puff bird (Zoˆl.), any bird of the genus Bucco, or family BucconidÊ. They are small birds, usually with dull- colored and loose plumage, and have twelve tail feathers. See Barbet (b).
Puff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puffed (pft); p. pr. & vb. n. Puffing.] [Akin to G. puffen to pop, buffet, puff, D. poffen to pop, puffen to blow, Sw. puffa to push, to cuff, Dan. puffe to pop, thump. See Puff, n.] 1. To blow in puffs, or with short and sudden whiffs.
2. To blow, as an expression of scorn; -- with at.
It is really to defy Heaven to puff at damnation.
South.
3. To breathe quick and hard, or with puffs, as after violent exertion.
The ass comes back again, puffing and blowing, from the chase.
L' Estrange.
4. To swell with air; to be dilated or inflated. Boyle.
5. To breathe in a swelling, inflated, or pompous manner; hence, to assume importance.
Then came brave Glory puffing by.
Herbert.
Puff, v. t. 1. To drive with a puff, or with puffs.
The clearing north will puff the clouds away.
Dryden.
2. To repel with words; to blow at contemptuously.
I puff the prostitute away.
Dryden.
3. To cause to swell or dilate; to inflate; to ruffle with puffs; -- often with up; as, a bladder puffed with air.
The sea puffed up with winds.
Shak.
4. To inflate with pride, flattery, self- esteem, or the like; -- often with up.
Puffed up with military success.
Jowett (Thucyd. )
5. To praise with exaggeration; to flatter; to call public attention to by praises; to praise unduly. " Puffed with wonderful skill." Macaulay.
Puff, a. Puffed up; vain. [R.] Fanshawe.
Puff"ball` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of ball-shaped fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum, and other species of the same genus) full of dustlike spores when ripe; -- called also bullfist, bullfice, puckfist, puff, and puffin.
Puff"er (?), n. 1. One who puffs; one who praises with noisy or extravagant commendation.
2. One who is employed by the owner or seller of goods sold at suction to bid up the price; a by-bidder. Bouvier.
3. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any plectognath fish which inflates its body, as the species of Tetrodon and Diodon; -- called also blower, puff-fish, swellfish, and globefish. (b) The common, or harbor, porpoise.
4. (Dyeing) A kier.
Puff"er*y (?), n. The act of puffing; bestowment of extravagant commendation.
Puf"fin (pf"fn), n. [Akin to puff.] 1. (Zoˆl.) An arctic sea bird Fratercula arctica) allied to the auks, and having a short, thick, swollen beak, whence the name; -- called also bottle nose, cockandy, coulterneb, marrot, mormon, pope, and sea parrot.
The name is also applied to other related species, as the horned puffin (F. corniculata), the tufted puffin (Lunda cirrhata), and the razorbill.
Manx puffin, the Manx shearwater. See under Manx.
2. (Bot.) The puffball.
3. A sort of apple. [Obs.] Rider's Dict. (1640).
Puff"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being puffy.
Puff"ing, a. & n. from Puff, v. i. & t.
Puffing adder. (Zoˆl.) Same as Puff adder (b), under Puff. -- Puffing pig (Zoˆl.), the common porpoise.
Puff"ing*ly, adv. In a puffing manner; with vehement breathing or shortness of breath; with exaggerated praise.
Puff"-leg` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of beautiful humming birds of the genus Eriocnemis having large tufts of downy feathers on the legs.
Puff"-legged` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a conspicuous tuft of feathers on the legs.
Puff"y (?), a. 1. Swelled with air, or any soft matter; tumid with a soft substance; bloated; fleshy; as, a puffy tumor. " A very stout, puffy man." Thackeray.
2. Hence, inflated; bombastic; as, a puffy style.
Pug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pugging.] [Cf. G. pucken to thump. beat.]
1. To mix and stir when wet, as clay for bricks, pottery, etc.
2. To fill or stop with clay by tamping; to fill in or spread with mortar, as a floor or partition, for the purpose of deadening sound. See Pugging, 2.
Pug, n. 1. Tempered clay; clay moistened and worked so as to be plastic.
2. A pug mill.
Pug mill, a kind of mill for grinding and mixing clay, either for brickmaking or the fine arts; a clay mill. It consists essentially of an upright shaft armed with projecting knives, which is caused to revolve in a hollow cylinder, tub, or vat, in which the clay is placed.
Pug, n. [Corrupted fr. puck. See Puck.] 1. An elf, or a hobgoblin; also same as Puck. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
2. A name for a monkey. [Colloq.] Addison.
3. A name for a fox. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley.
4. An intimate; a crony; a dear one. [Obs.] Lyly.
5. pl. Chaff; the refuse of grain. [Obs.] Holland.
6. A prostitute. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
7. (Zoˆl.) One of a small breed of pet dogs having a short nose and head; a pug dog.
8. (Zoˆl.) Any geometrid moth of the genus Eupithecia.
Pug"-faced` (?), a. Having a face like a monkey or a pug; monkey-faced.
Pug"ger (?), v. t. To pucker. [Obs.]
Pug"gered (?), a. Puckered. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Pug"ging (?), n. [See Pug, v. t.] 1. The act or process of working and tempering clay to make it plastic and of uniform consistency, as for bricks, for pottery, etc.
2. (Arch.) Mortar or the like, laid between the joists under the boards of a floor, or within a partition, to deaden sound; -- in the United States usually called deafening.
Pug"ging, a. Thieving. [Obs.] Shak.
Pugh (?), interj. Pshaw! pish! -- a word used in contempt or disdain.
Pu"gil (?), n. [L. pugillus, pugillum, a handful, akin to pugnus the fist.] As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers. [Obs.] Bacon.
Pu"gil*ism (?), n. [L. pugil a pugilist, boxer, akin to pugnus the fist. Cf. Pugnacious, Fist.] The practice of boxing, or fighting with the fist.
Pu"gil*ist, n. [L. pugil.] One who fights with his fists; esp., a professional prize fighter; a boxer.
Pu`gil*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pugillism.
Pug*na"cious (?), a. [L. pugnax, -acis, fr. pugnare to fight. Cf. Pugilism, Fist.] Disposed to fight; inclined to fighting; quarrelsome; fighting. --Pug*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Pug*na"cious*ness, n.
Pug*nac"i*ty (?), n. [L. pugnacitas: cf. F. pugnacitÈ.] Inclination or readiness to fight; quarrelsomeness. " A national pugnacity of character." Motley.
Pug" nose` (?). A short, thick nose; a snubnose. -- Pug"-nosed` (#), a.
Pug-nose eel (Zoˆl.), a deep- water marine eel (Simenchelys parasiticus) which sometimes burrows into the flesh of the halibut.
Puh (?), interj. The same as Pugh.
Puis"ne (p"n), a. [See Puny.] 1. Later in age, time, etc.; subsequent. [Obs.] " A puisne date to eternity." Sir M. Hale.
2. Puny; petty; unskilled. [Obs.]
3. (Law) Younger or inferior in rank; junior; associate; as, a chief justice and three puisne justices of the Court of Common Pleas; the puisne barons of the Court of Exchequer. Blackstone.
Puis"ne, n. One who is younger, or of inferior rank; a junior; esp., a judge of inferior rank.
It were not a work for puisnes and novices.
Bp. Hall.
Puis"ny (?), a. Puisne; younger; inferior; petty; unskilled. [R.]
A puisny tilter, that spurs his horse but on one side.
Shak.
Pu"is*sance, n. [F., fr. puissant. See Puissant, and cf. Potency, Potance, Potence.] Power; strength; might; force; potency. " Youths of puissance." Tennyson.
The power and puissance of the king.
Shak.
In Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton, puissance and puissant are usually dissyllables.
Pu"is*sant (?), a. [F., originally, a p. pr. formed fr. L. posse to be able: cf. L. potens powerful. See Potent.] Powerful; strong; mighty; forcible; as, a puissant prince or empire. " Puissant deeds." Milton.
Of puissant nations which the world possessed.
Spenser.
And worldlings in it are less merciful, And more puissant.
Mrs. Browning.
Pu"is*sant*ly, adv. In a puissant manner; powerfully; with great strength.
Pu"is*sant*ness, n. The state or quality of being puissant; puissance; power.
||Puit (?), n. [F. puits, from L. puteus well.] A well; a small stream; ||a fountain; a spring. [Obs.]
The puits flowing from the fountain of life.
Jer. Taylor.
Puke (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puking.] [Cf. G. spucken to spit, and E. spew.] To eject the contests of the stomach; to vomit; to spew.
The infant Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms.
Shak.
Puke, v. t. To eject from the stomach; to vomit up.
Puke, n. A medicine that causes vomiting; an emetic; a vomit.
Puke, a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Of a color supposed to be between black and russet. Shak.
This color has by some been regarded as the same with puce; but Nares questions the identity.
Puk"er (?), n. 1. One who pukes, vomits.
2. That which causes vomiting. Garth .
Pu"las (?), n. [Skr. palÁa.] (Bot.) The East Indian leguminous tree Butea frondosa. See Gum Butea, under Gum. [Written also pales and palasa.]
Pul"chri*tude (?), n. [L. pulchritudo, fr. pulcher beautiful.] 1. That quality of appearance which pleases the eye; beauty; comeliness; grace; loveliness.
Piercing our heartes with thy pulchritude.
Court of Love.
2. Attractive moral excellence; moral beauty.
By the pulchritude of their souls make up what is wanting in the beauty of their bodies.
Ray.
Pule (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puling.] [F. piauler; cf. L. pipilare, pipire, to peep, pip, chirp, and E. peep to chirp.] 1. To cry like a chicken. Bacon.
2. To whimper; to whine, as a complaining child.
It becometh not such a gallant to whine and pule.
Barrow.
Pul"er (?), n. One who pules; one who whines or complains; a weak person.
||Pu"lex (?), n. [L., a flea.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of parasitic insects ||including the fleas. See Flea.
Pu"li*cene (?), a. [From L. pulex, pulicis, a flea.] Pertaining to, or abounding in, fleas; pulicose.
{ Pu"li*cose` (?), Pu"li*cous (?), } a. [L. pulicosus, from pulex, a flea.] Abounding with fleas.
Pul"ing (?), n. A cry, as of a chicken,; a whining or whimpering.
Leave this faint puling and lament as I do.
Shak.
Pul"ing, a. Whimpering; whining; childish.
Pul"ing*ly, adv. With whining or complaint.
||Pulk"ha (?), n. A Laplander's traveling sledge. See Sledge.
Pull (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulling.] [AS. pullian; cf. LG. pulen, and Gael. peall, piol, spiol.] 1. To draw, or attempt to draw, toward one; to draw forcibly.
Ne'er pull your hat upon your brows.
Shak.
He put forth his hand . . . and pulled her in.
Gen. viii. 9.
2. To draw apart; to tear; to rend.
He hath turned aside my ways, and pulled me in pieces; he hath made me desolate.
Lam. iii. 11.
3. To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; as, to pull fruit; to pull flax; to pull a finch.
4. To move or operate by the motion of drawing towards one; as, to pull a bell; to pull an oar.
5. (Horse Racing) To hold back, and so prevent from winning; as, the favorite was pulled.
6. (Print.) To take or make, as a proof or impression; -- hand presses being worked by pulling a lever.
7. (Cricket) To strike the ball in a particular manner. See Pull, n., 8.
Never pull a straight fast ball to leg.
R. H. Lyttelton.
To pull and haul, to draw hither and thither. " Both are equally pulled and hauled to do that which they are unable to do. " South. -- To pull down, to demolish; to destroy; to degrade; as, to pull down a house. " In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is easier to pull down than build up." Howell. " To raise the wretched, and pull down the proud." Roscommon. -- To pull a finch. See under Finch. -- To pull off, take or draw off.
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Pull (?), v. i. To exert one's self in an act or motion of drawing or hauling; to tug; as, to pull at a rope.
To pull apart, to become separated by pulling; as, a rope will pull apart. -- To pull up, to draw the reins; to stop; to halt. -- To pull through, to come successfully to the end of a difficult undertaking, a dangerous sickness, or the like.
Pull, n. 1. The act of pulling or drawing with force; an effort to move something by drawing toward one.
I awakened with a violent pull upon the ring which was fastened at the top of my box.
Swift.
2. A contest; a struggle; as, a wrestling pull. Carew.
3. A pluck; loss or violence suffered. [Poetic]
Two pulls at once; His lady banished, and a limb lopped off.
Shak.
4. A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; as, a drawer pull; a bell pull.
5. The act of rowing; as, a pull on the river. [Colloq.]
6. The act of drinking; as, to take a pull at the beer, or the mug. [Slang] Dickens.
7. Something in one's favor in a comparison or a contest; an advantage; means of influencing; as, in weights the favorite had the pull. [Slang]
8. (Cricket) A kind of stroke by which a leg ball is sent to the off side, or an off ball to the side.
The pull is not a legitimate stroke, but bad cricket.
R. A. Proctor.
Pul"lail (?), n. [F. poulaille.] Poultry. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
Pull"back` (?), n. 1. That which holds back, or causes to recede; a drawback; a hindrance.
2. (Arch) The iron hook fixed to a casement to pull it shut, or to hold it party open at a fixed point.
Pulled (?), a. Plucked; pilled; moulting. " A pulled hen." Chaucer.
Pul"len (?), n. [Cf. L. pullinus belonging to young animals. See Pullet.] Poultry. [Obs.]
Pull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pulls.
Proud setter up and puller down of kings.
Shak.