Chapter 13

Prelude to Escalation

[13-1] Westmoreland and Sharp, _Report On The War_, p. 95.

[13-2] _Youngdale Interview._

[13-3] Gravel Edition, _Pentagon Papers_, v. III, p. 289.

[13-4] Westmoreland and Sharp, _Report On The War_, pp. 95, 97.

[13-5] _Ibid._, p. 98.

Appendix A

USMC and VNMC Senior Officers, 1954–1964

USMC SENIOR MARINE ADVISORS

LtCol Victor J. Croizat Aug 1954–Jun 1956 LtCol William N. Wilkes, Jr Jun 1956–Jun 1958 LtCol Frank R. Wilkinson, Jr Jun 1958–Jun 1960 LtCol Clifford J. Robichaud, Jr Jun 1960–Aug 1961 LtCol Robert E. Brown Aug 1961–Oct 1962 LtCol Clarence G. Moody, Jr Oct 1962–Oct 1963 LtCol Wesley C. Noren Oct 1963–Sep 1964 Col William P. Nesbit Sep 1964–

VNMC SENIOR OFFICERS AND COMMANDANTS

Maj Le Quang Trong 1 Oct 1954–17 Jun 1956 Maj Phan Van Lieu 18 Jan 1956–22 Aug 1956 Capt Bui Pho Chi 23 Aug 1956– 1 Oct 1956 Maj Le Nhu Hung 2 Oct 1956–23 May 1960 LtCol Le Nguyen Khang 24 May 1960–15 Dec 1963 LtCol Nguyen Ba Lien 16 Dec 1963– Feb 1964 BGen Le Nguyen Khang Feb 1964–

SHUFLY, SQUADRON, AND SUB UNIT COMMANDERS[14-A]

_SHUFLY Commanders_ _Dates_ Col John F. Carey 15 Apr 1962–31 Jul 1962 Col Julius W. Ireland 1 Aug 1962– 5 Nov 1962 LtCol Alton W. McCully 6 Nov 1962–28 Jan 1963 LtCol Harold F. Brown 29 Jan 1963–17 Jul 1963 Col Andre D. Gomez 18 Jul 1963–14 Jan 1964 Col Robert A. Merchant 16 Jan 1964– 9 Jul 1964 Col Hardy Hay 10 Jul 1964–16 Oct 1964 Col John H. King, Jr 17 Oct 1964–

_Squadron Commanders_ _Squadron_ _Dates_ LtCol Archie J. Clapp HMM-362 15 Apr 1962–31 Jul 1962 LtCol Robert L. Rathbun HMM-163 1 Aug 1962–11 Jan 1963 LtCol Reinhardt Leu HMM-162 12 Jan 1963– 7 Jun 1963 LtCol Frank A. Shook HMM-261 8 Jun 1963– 1 Oct 1963 LtCol Thomas J. Ross HMM-361 2 Oct 1963–31 Jan 1964 LtCol John H. La Voy HMM-364 1 Feb 1964–21 Jun 1964 LtCol Oliver W. Curtis HMM-162 17 Jun 1964– 7 Oct 1964 LtCol Joseph Koler, Jr HMM-365 8 Oct 1964–

_Sub Unit Commanders_ _Dates_ LtCol William W. Eldridge, Jr 15 Apr 1962– 3 Aug 1962 LtCol Ralph R. Davis 4 Aug 1962–15 Jan 1963 LtCol George H. Linnemeier 16 Jan 1963– 4 Jul 1963 LtCol Earl W. Cassidy 5 Jul 1963– 6 Feb 1964 LtCol Samuel G. Beal 7 Feb 1964–26 Jun 1964 Maj Marion R. Green 27 Jun 1964–14 Dec 1964 LtCol Thomas E. Vernon 15 Dec 1964–

[14-A] SHUFLY was designated Task Unit 79.3.5 from 15 April 1962 until 6 November 1962; Task Element 79.3.3.6 from 6 November 1962 through 31 December 1964.

Appendix B

Awards and Decorations, Vietnam, through 1964[14-B]

_Navy Cross_

Maj Donald E. Koelper[14-C] 16 Feb 1964 SSgt John C. Thompson 30 Apr 1964

_Navy Distinguished Service Medal_

MajGen Richard G. Weede[14-D] Feb 1962–May 1964 MajGen Carl A. Youngdale 25 Jan 1964–20 Jul 1965

_Silver Star Medal_

Maj John R. Braddon 27 Apr 1964 1stLt Phillip O. Brady 31 Dec 1964 Capt Franklin P. Eller, Jr 31 Dec 1964 Capt Joseph N. Smith 27 Oct 1963–25 Apr 1964 Capt Richard B. Taylor[14-E] 25 Nov 1962–31 Oct 1963

_Legion of Merit_

Col Earl E. Anderson 8 Jul 1963–15 May 1964 LtCol Earl W. Cassidy 2 Jul 1963–14 Jan 1964 Col John F. Carey[14-F] 9 Apr 1962–31 Jul 1962 LtCol Archie J. Clapp[14-G] 15 Apr 1962–31 Jul 1962 Col Andre D. Gomez 19 Jul 1963–14 Jan 1964 Col John H. King, Jr 16 Oct 1964–15 May 1965 LtCol Joseph Koler, Jr 7 Oct 1964–18 Feb 1965 LtCol John H. La Voy 1 Feb 1964–22 Jun 1964 Col Robert A. Merchant 2 Jan 1964–10 Jul 1964 LtCol Clarence C. Moody, Jr 18 Jan 1962–24 Oct 1963 Col Wesley C. Noren 13 Oct 1963–13 Sep 1964 LtCol Thomas J. Ross 1 Oct 1963–31 Jan 1964 Col Roy H. Thompson 27 Feb 1962–16 Jun 1964 Col Charles E. Warren 8 Feb 1962– 9 Jul 1964 Col Edwin B. Wheeler 1 Aug 1964–23 Aug 1965

_Distinguished Flying Cross_

Maj Albert N. Allen 27 Apr 1964 Capt William J. Burrows 27 Apr 1964 Capt Charles E. Cannon 27 Apr 1964 Capt William Cunningham 27 Apr 1964 1stLt Ronald V. Debrincat 27 Apr 1964 Capt George H. Dunn II 27 Apr 1964 Capt George H. Dunn II 30 Apr 1964 Capt Robert K. Ervi 31 Dec 1963 1stLt Melvin T. Graves 27 Apr 1964 Capt Theodore A. Heister 1 Aug 1963 1stLt Donald A. Hodgen[14-H] 10 Mar 1963–11 Mar 1963 LtCol John H. La Voy 27 Apr 1964 Capt Peter A. Love 27 Apr 1964 WO Dennis T. McKee 27 Apr 1964 1stLt Edward P. Moore 27 Apr 1964 CWO Robert F. Patton 5 Jun 1964 1stLt Thomas H. Peters[14-I] 9 Mar 1963–10 Mar 1963 Capt Eugene W. Rawlins 27 Apr 1964 Capt Howard G. Taylor 27 Apr 1964 1stLt Charles R. Upshaw 27 Apr 1964 Capt William W. Wamel, Jr. 27 Apr 1964 Capt William W. Wamel, Jr. 30 Apr 1964 Maj Goodell P. Warren 27 Apr 1964 1stLt Charles C. Wood, Jr. 27 Apr 1964 Capt Grant T. Yule 27 Apr 1964

_Bronze Star Medal_

SSgt John Baran 12 Dec 1964 LtCol Samuel G. Beal 3 Feb 1964– 1 Jul 1964 SSgt Clifford J. Beaver 30 Dec 1964–31 Dec 1964 LtCol George A. Brigham 3 Apr 1964– 3 Jul 1964 SSgt Marvin I. Bryant 12 Oct 1964– 8 Mar 1965 Cpl Clarence L. Chester 30 Jun 1964 Capt Don R. Christensen[14-J] 28 Sep 1962–31 Jul 1963 2dLt Francis R. Ciccone 16 Oct 1964 SSgt James A. Coryer 30 Jun 1964 Maj Alfred J. Croft 1 Feb 1962– 7 Feb 1964 LtCol Oliver W. Curtis 17 Jun 1964–23 Nov 1964 LtCol Raymond C. Damm 10 May 1964– 1 Dec 1964 Maj Alfred M. Gray, Jr. 11 Apr 1964–15 Aug 1964 Capt James J. Harp 10 Mar 1963–11 Mar 1963 Cpl Cary F. Janulewicz 9 Dec 1964 1stLt Weston L. Johnson 10 Nov 1964 2dLt James P. Kelliher 31 Dec 1964 1stLt Donald H. Larson 4 Apr 1964– 1 Feb 1965 GySgt Richard L. Latimer 9 Dec 1964 Capt John P. Monahan 21 Mar 1964–28 Feb 1965 Capt James P. McWilliams 2 May 1963– 9 Jun 1964 GySgt Charles D. Peck 14 Apr 1963–22 Apr 1964 LCpl James N. Phinney 10 Apr 1964 LCpl Walter L. Rupp 24 Mar 1964 GySgt Edmund R. Sewell 20 Sep 1964 SSgt Cecil C. Stibbens Dec 1962– Dec 1964 Capt Edward H. Walsh 28 Sep 1964– 1 May 1964 Maj Charles K. Whitfield 31 Jan 1964–20 Jan 1965 Capt Frank Zimolzak[14-K] 27 Apr 1962–25 May 1963

[14-B] Other awards, such as Navy Commendation Medals, Air Medals, and Purple Hearts are not included in this list.

[14-C] First Navy Cross approved for Vietnam.

[14-D] First Navy Distinguished Service Medal awarded for Vietnam.

[14-E] First Silver Star Medal awarded to a Marine for Vietnam.

[14-F] First Legions of Merit awarded to USMC personnel for Vietnam.

[14-G] First Legions of Merit awarded to USMC personnel for Vietnam.

[14-H] First Distinguished Flying Crosses approved for USMC personnel in Vietnam.

[14-I] First Distinguished Flying Crosses approved for USMC personnel in Vietnam.

[14-J] One of the first two Bronze Star Medals (approved the same date) for USMC personnel in Vietnam.

[14-K] One of the first two Bronze Star Medals (approved the same date) for USMC personnel in Vietnam.

Appendix C

Glossary of Acronyms

AHOC Aviation Headquarters Operations Center ARVN Army of The Republic of Vietnam ASOC Air Support Operation Center BLT Battalion Landing Team CG Civil Guard ChMAAG Chief, Military Assistance Advisory Group CIDG Civil Irregular Defense Group CinCPac Commander in Chief, Pacific CIP Counter Insurgency Plan ComUSMACV Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam COSVN Central Office for South Vietnam CTZ Corps Tactical Zone DMZ Demilitarized Zone DRV Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) FAC Forward Air Controller FEC French Expeditionary Corps FMFPac Fleet Marine Force, Pacific GCA Ground Controlled Approach (system) GVN Government of Vietnam (South Vietnam) HMM Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron ICC International Control Commission JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff JGS Joint General Staff (Vietnamese) JRO Job Related Orientation (Program) JTF Joint Task Force LSG Logistics Support Group MABS Marine Air Base Squadron MAG Marine Aircraft Group MATCU Marine Airfield Traffic Control Unit MAW Marine Aircraft Wing MEB Marine Expeditionary Brigade MEU Marine Expeditionary Unit MR Military Region NLF National Liberation Front OJT On-The-Job Training (Program) PAVN Peoples Army of Vietnam PF Popular Forces RF Regional Forces RLT Regimental Landing Team RSSZ Rung Sat Special Zone RVN Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) RVNAF Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces SAR Search and Rescue SDC Self Defense Corps SEATO Southeast Asia Treaty Organization SLF Special Landing Force TACAN Tactical Air Navigation (system) TAFDS Tactical Airfield Fuel Dispensing System TERM Temporary Equipment Recovery Mission TRIM Training Relations Instruction Mission USMAAG (MAAG) U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group USMACThai U.S. Military Assistance Command, Thailand USOM U.S. Operations Mission VC Viet Cong VMGR Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron VNA Vietnamese National Army VNAF Vietnamese Air Force VNMC Vietnamese Marine Corps

Appendix D

Chronology

1954

7 May--French garrison at Dien Bien Phu surrenders to Viet Minh.

16 Jun--Ngo Dinh Diem named premier of Vietnam by French-sponsored emperor, Bao Dai.

20 Jul--French and Viet Minh representatives sign Geneva cease-fire. Vietnam is divided into northern and southern zones pending reunification elections to be held in 1956.

2 Aug--LtCol Victor J. Croizat, USMC, arrives in South Vietnam for duty with USMAAG.

8 Sep--Manila Pact signed by U.S. and seven other nations. Within weeks (Sep 1954) the Manila Pact is transformed into the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).

13 Oct--Premier Diem decrees the establishment of a 1,137-man Marine Corps (VNMC).

1955

Feb--LtCol Croizat becomes first advisor to VNMC.

Apr--Sect rebellion threatens to topple the Diem government. Marine Landing Battalion deploys to the Mekong Delta.

31 May--Diem names Major Le Quang Trong as Senior Marine Officer of VNMC.

Sep--Two USMC advisors, a captain and a technical sergeant, are assigned to the USMAAG, Vietnam, for duty with the VNMC.

23 Oct--Premier Diem receives 98 percent of South Vietnamese vote during a national referendum in which he was opposed by Bao Dai.

26 Oct--Ngo Dinh Diem proclaims the Republic of Vietnam and becomes the republic’s first president.

1956

18 Jan--Diem appoints Major Phan Van Lieu as Senior Officer of VNMC.

Feb--Marine Landing Battalion returns to garrison at Nha Trang. VNMC reorganized into two landing battalions, a 4.2-inch mortar company, and a small headquarters.

Jun--LtCol William N. Wilkes, Jr., replaces LtCol Croizat as Senior Marine Advisor to VNMC.

Jul--Election deadline for reunification of northern and southern zones passes without serious incident.

Aug--Diem appoints Captain Bui Pho Chi as Senior Officer of VNMC.

Oct--Diem appoints Major Le Nhu Hung as Senior Officer of VNMC.

Nov--LtGen Samuel T. Williams, USA, relieves LtGen John O’Daniel as Chief USMAAG, Vietnam.

1958

Jun--LtCol Frank R. Wilkinson, Jr., relieves LtCol Wilkes as Senior Marine Advisor to VNMC.

1959

May--1st VNMC Landing Battalion conducts operations against Viet Cong in An Xuyen Province while 2d Landing Battalion conducts similar operation against Communist guerrillas in Vinh Binh Province.

1 Jun--The VNMC is expanded to a Marine Corps Group of 2,276 officers and men. A 3d Landing Battalion is formed and the battalions are reorganized into four infantry companies.

1960

Jun--LtCol Clifford J. Robichaud, Jr., relieves LtCol Wilkinson as Senior Marine Advisor to VNMC.

Sep--LtGen Lionel C. McGarr, USA, relieves LtGen Williams as Chief USMAAG, Vietnam.

11 Nov--An abortive attempt by ARVN paratroops and two Marine companies to overthrow the Diem Government.

20 Dec--The Communist “National Front for Liberation of South Vietnam” was formed.

1961

May--On The Job Training (OJT) program for USMC junior officers and staff noncommissioned officers is initiated. Thereafter, 20 Marines per month enter Vietnam to observe operations.

16 May--A 14 nation conference on the deteriorating Laotian situation convenes at Geneva.

Jul--VNMC again reorganized and expanded. The addition of a fourth infantry battalion and a 75mm pack howitzer battery raises the strength of the VNMC to 3,321.

Aug--LtCol Robert E. Brown relieves LtCol Robichaud as Senior Marine Advisor to VNMC.

Aug--VNMC battalion conducts operations in the inundated U Minh Forest region of the Ca Mau Peninsula.

Nov--General Maxwell D. Taylor, USA (ret.), President Kennedy’s special military advisor, visits South Vietnam on fact-finding mission.

11 Dec--The first direct support contingent of U.S. military forces arrives in Vietnam--400 Army Troops and two helicopter companies.

Dec--USMAAG approves plan for new 18-man Marine Advisory Division.

1962

1 Jan--VNMC expanded to 6,109 officers and men, and redesignated the Vietnamese Marine Brigade. A new amphibious support battalion is formed.

3 Jan--First element of USAF transport aircraft arrive in South Vietnam to support government forces.

Jan--Detachment A, 1st Radio Company, FMF arrives in Vietnam for duty with Army communications unit.

20 Jan--CinCPac authorizes all MAAG advisors to accompany their Vietnamese units into combat.

3 Feb--President Diem issues decree formalizing initiation of the Strategic Hamlet Program.

8 Feb--U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (USMACV) activated in Saigon with General Paul D. Harkins as commander. MajGen Richard G. Weede, USMC, becomes MACV’s first chief of staff.

7 Feb--Vietnamese Air Force fighters bomb and strafe the Presidential Palace in Saigon but fail to injure President Diem.

9 Apr--The leading elements of Marine Task Unit 79.3.5 (SHUFLY), commanded by Col John F. Carey, arrive at Soc Trang, Republic of Vietnam.

15 Apr--HMM-362 (Reinforced), a Marine medium transport helicopter squadron, arrives at Soc Trang to begin operations in support of government forces.

22 Apr--HMM-362 helicopters fly their first combat support missions in Vietnam.

9 May--Eight Marine helicopters hit by small arms fire during landing on Ca Mau Peninsula.

18 May--The 3d Marine Expeditionary Unit (3d MEU) began moving into position at Udorn, Thailand, in response to the deteriorating situation in Laos. The 3d MEU was part of Joint Task Force 116, organized for use in the mounting crisis.

20 May--BGen Ormond R. Simpson assumes command of 3d MEU.

18 Jun--Eagle Flight first employed in combat by Marine helicopters operating from Soc Trang.

25 Jun--HMM-162 replaces HMM-261 at Udorn as 3d MEW (MEB) helicopter element.

1 Jul--First Marine Combat units withdraw from Udorn, Thailand, as a display of good faith.

23 Jul--An agreement guaranteeing the neutrality of Laos is signed by the U.S., the Soviet Union, Communist China, North Vietnam, and 10 other nations at Geneva.

30 Jul--Col Julius W. Ireland relieves Col Carey as SHUFLY commander.

31 Jul--Last Marine combat units withdrawn from Udorn, Thailand.

1 Aug--HMM-163 replaces HMM-362 as operational squadron assigned to SHUFLY.

Aug--First machine guns mounted on Marine helicopters operating in Vietnam.

4 Sep--Initial SHUFLY elements begin displacing to Da Nang in I Corps Tactical Zone.

18 Sep--HMM-163 conducts first combat operations in I Corps.

20 Sep--All SHUFLY elements are in place at Da Nang.

Oct--LtCol Clarence G. Moody relieves LtCol Brown as Senior Marine Advisor to VNMC.

6 Oct--Five Marines and two U.S. Navy personnel killed in HUS crash near Tam Ky.

7 Nov--HMM-163 executes first tiger flight reaction force mission in I Corps.

Nov--All Marine Corps aircraft redesignated.

6 Nov--Marine Task Unit (SHUFLY) redesignated Task Element 79.3.3.6.

6 Nov--LtCol Alton W. McCully assumes command of SHUFLY.

Dec--Vietnamese Joint General Staff realigns South Vietnam’s Corps Tactical Zones, creating a fourth CTZ and a Capital Military District.

1963

11 Jan--HMM-162 replaces HMM-163 as SHUFLY’s operational squadron.

19 Jan--HMM-162 conducts its first combat troop lift in Vietnam.

10–13 Mar--HMM-162 helicopters participate in search and rescue attempts for U.S. Army OV-1 Mohawk and crew. Two Marine helicopters crash in high mountains of northern II Corps.

13 Apr--Marine transport helicopters conduct first operation with U.S. Army UH-1B armed helicopters.

Apr--Organization of Marine Advisory Division modified slightly.

1 May--Provisional Marine Brigade joins ARVN forces for operation in Do Xa base area.

8 Jun--HMM-261 replaces HMM-162 as SHUFLY’s operational squadron.

15–16 Aug--HMM-261 helilifts 2d ARVN Division units from field to culminate operation LAM SON XII.

21 Aug--Vietnamese National Police raid Buddhist pagodas throughout South Vietnam.

Sep--LtCol Wesley C. Noren relieves LtCol Moody as Senior Marine Advisor to VNMC.

2 Oct--HMM-361 replaces HMM-261 as SHUFLY’s operational squadron.

Oct--Provisional Marine Regiment conducts operation PHI-HOA 5 in Gia Dinh Province.

1 Nov--Diem government overthrown by coup of military leaders. Diem and brother Ngo Dinh Nhu assassinated.

14 Nov--Provisional Marine Regiment launches Operation DAI-PHONG 28 and 29 in III Corps Tactical Zone.

25 Nov--2d VNMC Battalion participates in Operation DAI-PHONG 30.

16 Dec--LtCol Khang relieved as Commandant of Vietnamese Marine Corps. Replaced by LtCol Nguyen Ba Lien.

1964

1 Jan--General Wallace M. Greene, Jr., relieves General David Shoup as Commandant of U.S. Marine Corps.

Jan--General Greene visits Vietnam.

15 Jan--BGen Carl A. Youngdale, USMC, becomes MACV Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence (J-2).

1 Feb--HMM-364 replaces HMM-361 as SHUFLY’s operational squadron.

Feb--Col Khang recalled from Philippines and relieves LtCol Lien as Commandant of VNMC.

Mar--LtGen Victor H. Krulak relieves LtGen Carson A. Roberts as Commanding General, FMFPac.

27 Apr--HMM-364 participates in Operation SURE WIND 202 in northern II Corps.

May--MajGen Weede, USMC, relieved as MACV Chief of Staff.

15 May--USMAAG abolished. Marine Advisory Division renamed Marine Advisory Unit and placed under Naval Advisory Group, MACV.

20 May--Marine Advisory Team One arrives at Da Nang.

7 Jun--Two Marines from SHUFLY compound reported missing south of Da Nang.

13 Jun--Advisory Team One moves to Tiger Tooth Mountain in northwestern I Corps.

19 Jun--HMM-364 turn over helicopters and maintenance equipment to VNAF 217th Squadron.

21 Jun--HMM-162 replaces HMM-364 as SHUFLY’s operational squadron.

Jul--Vietnamese Marine Recruit Training Center opens at Thu Due. VNMC expanded with the creation of a fifth infantry battalion.

7 Jul--HMM-162 participates in relief of Nam Dong Special Forces Camp.

2–5 Aug--North Vietnamese patrol boats and U.S. ships clash in Tonkin Gulf.

6 Aug--U.S. Congress passes Tonkin Gulf resolution.

11 Aug--President Johnson signs the so-called Tonkin Gulf Resolution.

19 Aug--Advisory Team One moves to Bach Ma and continues operations.

4 Sep--Col William P. Nesbit replaces Col Noren as Senior Marine Advisor to VNMC.

13 Sep--Advisory Team One dissolved, departs Vietnam.

14 Sep--SHUFLY aircraft flown to safety in face of severe tropical storm.

Sep--Marine Advisory Unit reorganized and expanded.

8 Oct HMM-365 replaces HMM-364 as SHUFLY’s operational squadron.

Oct--Marine reconnaissance element conducts survey of Cam Ranh Bay in southern II Corps.

31 Dec--Viet Cong terrorist bomb American BOQ in Saigon.

31 Dec--4th VNMC Battalion defeated at Binh Gia in III Corps.

Appendix E

List of Reviewers

_General Officers_ Gen Earl E. Anderson, USMC Gen Wallace M. Greene, Jr., USMC (Ret.) Gen David M. Shoup, USMC (Ret.) LtGen Victor H. Krulak, USMC (Ret.) LtGen Herman Nickerson, Jr., USMC (Ret.) LtGen Carson A. Roberts, USMC (Ret.) LtGen Ormond R. Simpson, USMC (Ret.) LtGen Richard G. Weede, USMC (Ret.) MajGen Norman Anderson, USMC (Ret.) MajGen Paul J. Fontana, USMC (Ret.) MajGen Charles J. Timmes, U.S. Army (Ret.) MajGen Donald M. Weller, USMC (Ret.) MajGen Carl A. Youngdale, USMC (Ret.) BGen Joseph Koler, Jr., USMC

_Colonels_ Col Frederick S. Aldridge, USMC (Ret.) Col Samual Beal, USMC (Ret.) Col John T. Breckinridge, USMC Col Harold F. Brown, USMC (Ret.) Col John F. Carey, USMC (Ret.) Col Archie J. Clapp, USMC (Ret.) Col Alfred J. Croft, USMC Col Victor J. Croizat, USMC (Ret.) Col Oliver W. Curtis, USMC (Ret.) Col Raymond C. Damm, USMC Col Andre Gomez, USMC (Ret.) Col Hardy Hay, USMC (Ret.) Col Julius W. Ireland, USMC (Ret.) Col John H. La Voy, USMC (Ret.) Col Reinhardt Leu, USMC (Ret.) Col Robert A. Merchant, USMC (Ret.) Col Ross S. Mickey, USMC (Ret.) Col Clarence G. Moody, Jr., USMC Col William P. Nesbit, USMC (Ret.) Col Wesley C. Noren, USMC (Ret.) Col Robert L. Rathbum, USMC (Ret.) Col Thomas J. Ross, USMC (Ret.) Col Clifford J. Robichaud, Jr., USMC (Ret.) Col Frank R. Wilkinson, Jr., USMC (Ret.)

_Lieutenant Colonels_ LtCol Robert E. Brown, USMC (Ret.) LtCol Earl W. Cassidy, USMC (Ret.) LtCol Michael J. Gott, USMC LtCol George H. Linnemeier, USMC (Ret.) LtCol James P. McWilliams, USMC LtCol Joseph N. Smith, USMC

_CMC Advisory Committee on Marine Corps History_ Col Frederick S. Aldridge, USMC (Ret.)[14-L] MajGen Norman Anderson, USMC (Ret.)[14-M] Dr. Gordon A. Craig Dr. Philip K. Lundeberg Mr. Robert L. Sherrod MajGen Donald M. Weller, USMC (Ret.)[14-N]

_Others_ Center of Military History, Department of the Army Dr. Philip A. Crowl Capt Joseph Drachnik, U.S. Navy (Ret.) Naval Historical Division, Department of the Navy Office of Air Force History, Department of the Air Force

[14-L] Cited previously.

[14-M] Cited previously.

[14-N] Cited previously.

Index

Adams, LtCol Harold W., 89–90, 92–94

Africa, 11

Agroville Program, 45

Aircraft Types AD-6, _See_ A1-H A1-H (Skyraider), 71, 116, 137, 149, 152–154, 158–159 A-4C, (Skyhawk), 89, 92 B-26, 109, 117–118 B-57, 166–167 F4U (Corsair), 71 F-100 (Super Sabre), 90 C-117 (Skytrain), 60–61, 84, 160 C-124 (Globemaster), 71 C-123 (Provider), 46, 90, 103, 139, 141 CH-21 (Shawnee), 58, 103, 107 CV-2 (Caribou), 158 GV-1. _See_ KC-130 H-21. _See_ CH-21 HUS-1. _See_ UH-34D KC-130 (Hercules), 61, 70, 73, 89–90, 93–94, 112–114, 142, 147, 156 O-1B (Bird Dog), 60, 67–69, 73, 82, 84, 92, 107, 115–118, 144–145, 149, 154, 157–159, 161 OE-1. _See_ O-1B OV-1 (Mohawk), 114 R4D. _See_ C-117 T-28 (Trojans), 46, 67, 71, 116–118, 120, 149 U-10 (Super Courier), 118, 149, 152, 158 UH-1B (Iroquois), 107, 109, 115–120, 139, 147–149, 151–152, 154, 157–159, 164–165 UH-34D, 57–58, 65, 71, 84, 89, 92–93, 103, 105, 111, 113–121, 139, 144–146, 149, 151–161, 164–165 UH-37 (Mojave), 149

Air Force, 46, 62, 71, 76, 82, 112, 114–115, 117, 149, 152, 158–159, 167

Air Force Command and Staff College, 120

Air Support Operations Center, 80, 82, 117–119, 149, 152

Allied Training Operations Mission, 16

Alsop, Maj William F., 164

Amphibious Ready Group, 59, 88–90

Amphibious Ready Group (TG 76.5), 61–62

Andaman Sea, 3

Anderson, Col Earl E., 47, 131, 146

Anderson, Cpl Thomas E., 83

An Diem, 144, 147, 158

Annam, 3, 9, 11–12, 78

Annamese Coast, 8, 162

Annamite Mountains, 6, 80, 103, 139

Anti-Communist Denunciation Campaign, 27

An Xuyen Province, 31, 49, 71, 133

Armed Services Committee, 146

Army, 23, 26, 42, 46, 62, 80, 83, 117, 136, 152, 154, 157–158 Units 27th Infantry Brigade, 88, 90 52d Aviation Battalion, 155 145th Aviation Battalion, 107 33d Helicopter Company, 57, 59 57th Helicopter Company, 65, 70–71 68th Aviation Company, 115 81st Helicopter Company, 58–59 93d Helicopter Company, 58, 73–74 704th Counterintelligence Unit, 141 3d Radio Research Unit, 46 Paratroopers, 70 Special Forces, 80, 111, 114, 151, 155, 157

Army Communications Station, Phu Bai, 139

Army Communications Station, Pleiku, 139

Army Field Hospital, Nha Trang, 148, 157, 159

Army Special Warfare School, Fort Bragg, NC, 41, 47

A Shau Valley, 149

Asia, 12

Associated States of Indochina, 11

Atsugi, Japan, 61

Australia, 14, 165

Aviation Headquarters Operations Center, 117

Bach Phoung XI, 103, 105, 116

Baker, Col Warren P., 143

Bangkok, Thailand, 88–89, 93, 143

Ban Me Thuot, 9, 49

Bassac River, 65

Ba Xuyen Province, 61, 67

Beal, LtCol Samuel G., 146, 156

Beaver, SSgt Clifford J., 137

Becker, Raymond A., 141

Beirut, Lebanon, 146

Bell Helicopter Company, 115

Ben Hai River, 12

Ben Tre, 70

Bien Hoa, 105, 107, 166

Binh Dinh Province, 129

Binh Duong Province, 45, 107

Binh Gia, 136–138, 143, 166

Binh Thuan Province, 49, 51

Binh Xuyen, 13, 18–20, 26

Braddon, Maj John R., 153

Brady, Lt Philip O., 137–138

Breckinridge, Capt James T., 19–20, 23

Brigham, LtCol George, 152

British Advisory Mission, 45

Bronars, Maj Edward J., 142

Bronze Star, 110, 148

Brown, LtCol Harold F., 111–112

Brown, LtCol Robert E., 36, 48–49, 53

Buddhist, 8, 99

Burma, 3, 93

Cai Ngai, 67

California, 59, 70

Ca Mau, 40, 65, 67, 69–71

Ca Mau Peninsula, 11, 36, 62, 101

Cambodia, 3, 8–9, 11–12, 14, 30, 67, 93, 109

Cambodian Border, 107

Campbell, Cpl Charley M., 115

Cam Ranh Bay, 22, 31, 141

Canada, 12, 93

Can Tho, 9, 62, 65

Cao Dai, 8, 13, 18–19

Cape St. Jacques, 36

Capital Military District, 84, 105, 132

Carey, Col John F., 60–61, 63, 69–71, 73

Cassidy, LtCol Earl W., 112, 144, 146

Catholicism, 8, 12–13, 99

Central Committee of the North Vietnamese Communist Party, 28

Central Highlands, 6, 9, 32, 49, 53, 105, 129, 167

Central Office for South Vietnam, 44–45

Chai Doc, 65

Chams, 6

Chien Tang (“Struggle for Victory”) Plan, 129

Chi, Capt Bui Pho, 19, 23

China, 3, 11–13, 93, 96, 161

Chinese, 6, 8

Chinese Nationalist Forces, 9, 11

CHINH BIEN, 159

Cholon District, 13

Christanity, 3, 8

Christensen, Capt Don R., 49, 101, 103, 110

Civil Guard, 27–28, 30–32, 34, 45, 67, 129

Civilian Irregular Defense Group, 80, 139, 144, 157

Clapp, LtCol Archie J., 60–62, 65, 67, 69–70, 156

Clark Air Force Base, Philippines, 90

Cochinchina, 3, 8, 11

Cold War, 86

Collins, Gen James F., CinCUSARPac, 58

Collins, Gen J. Lawton, 15

Command and Staff Training Course, 41–42

Commander-in-Chief, Pacific, 94, 144, 155

Condon, MajGen John P., 59–61, 73, 88

Confucianism, 8

Conway, MajGen J. F., 88

Cook, Capt Donald G., 138

Corps Tactical Zones I Corps, 46, 58, 63, 73, 76, 78–80, 82–85, 103, 111, 113–114, 116–118, 120, 127, 132, 139, 142, 144, 146, 148–149, 152, 154–162, 164–165 II Corps, 46, 49, 58, 63, 79–80, 84, 102–103, 111, 114, 129, 132, 141, 152, 154–155, 160, 167 III Corps, 58–59, 61–63, 67, 69, 71, 73–74, 107, 109, 129, 132, 136 IV Corps, 84, 132

Counter-Insurgency Plan, 29–30

Counterguerrilla Warfare Study Group, 41

Croft, Maj Alfred J., 49, 51, 103

Croizat, LtCol Victor J., 16, 18–20, 22–23, 32, 90, 132

Cronin, LtCol Angus J., 93

Cross of Valor, 156

Cua Viet, 78

Cubi Point Naval Air Station, Philippines, 89

Curtis, LtCol Oliver W., 156–159, 161–162

Cushman, MajGen Robert E., 41–42

Cuu Long, 36

Cuu Long Navy Yard, 31–32

Dai, Emperor Bao, 8, 11–13, 19

DAI-PHONG 28, 107

DAI-PHONG 29, 107

DAI-PHONG 30, 107, 109

DAI-PHONG 31, 109

Dak To, 155

Damm, Maj Raymond C., 131, 142, 166

Da Nang, 9, 32, 58, 71, 73–76, 78–80, 83–85, 103, 111–118, 120–121, 123, 129, 139, 141–149, 154–162, 164–165, 167

Da Nang Harbor, 78, 111

Da Nang River, 78

DA NANG SIX, 164

Davis, Capt Dale N., 31

Davis, LtCol Ralph R., 71, 111

Davis, BGen Raymond G., 129

Declaration of Neutrality of Laos, 93

Dees, LtCol Harry C., 71

Delayen, Capt Jean Louis, 17, 19

Demilitarized Zone, 13, 27–29, 76, 78, 111

Democratic Republic of Vietnam. _See_ North Vietnam

Department of Defense, 42, 47, 61, 76, 84, 144

Department of State, 15, 19, 28

Dickinson, LtCol Harry E., 143

Diem, President Ngo Dinh, 8, 12–16, 18–20, 22–23, 26–32, 35–36, 42, 45, 53, 80, 99–100, 105, 121–122, 127, 146

Dien Bien Phu, 12, 71

Distinguished Flying Cross, 59, 111, 120, 156

Distinguished Service Medal, 131

Don, MajGen Tran Van, 79–80

Dong Bach Ma, 141

Dong Ha, 9, 78

Dong Nai boats, 101

Donlon, Capt Roger H. C., 157–158

Do Xa Base Area, 103, 105, 115–116, 121, 152, 155

Dulles, Secretary of State John Foster, 14

Eagle Flight, 69–70, 83

Eisenhower, President Dwight D., 14–15, 29

Eldridge, LtCol William W., 60–61, 71

Eller, Capt Franklin P., 137–138

Ely, Gen Paul, 15–16

Europe, 11

Father-For-A-Day Program, 85

Felt, Adm Harry D., 47, 57–58, 86, 88, 90

FLAMING DART, 167

Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, 40, 42, 58, 70, 76, 83, 90, 94, 141, 143, 147, 165. _See Also_ Marine Corps, FMF Units

Fontana, MajGen Paul J., 156, 160

Fort Ord, California, 57, 59

Forward Air Controller, 72, 107, 109

France, 8, 9, 11–14, 19, 22, 93

French Expeditionary Corps, 9, 11–16

French High Command, 16, 22, 24

French-Indochina, 9, 11, 15

French-Indochina War, 13–14, 16, 22–24, 36, 48, 103

French Navy, 16

French Union, 11

Futema, Okinawa, 61

General Commission for Refugees, 16

Geneva Conference, 12–16, 25, 27, 86, 88, 93–94, 121, 132

German Army, 70

Gia Dinh Province, 105, 132

Giap, Gen Vo Nyguyen, 11–12

Gi Lang, 152, 154

Go Cong, 132–133

Gomez, Col Andre D., 112, 117, 119–120, 144, 146

Gott, Capt Michael J., 37

Gray, Maj Alfred M., 139, 141, 156, 158

Great Britain, 9, 12, 14, 93

Green, Maj Marion R., 156

Greene, Gen Wallace M., Jr., 142, 145–146

Greer, PFC Robert L., 155–156

Griffin, Lt Gerald, 83

Ground Control Approach, 60

Guadalcanal, 22, 35

Gulf of Siam, 3, 88

Gulf of Tonkin, 6, 78, 128–129, 158, 166–167

Haiphong, 16

Hai Van Peninsula, 78, 83

Hamilton, Sgt Richard E., 83

Hanoi, 11–12, 29

Harkins, Gen Paul D., 46–47, 57–59, 61–62, 73, 88, 99, 127, 146

Hau Nghia Province, 107

Hawaii, 47, 59, 90, 141–142, 146

Hay, Col Hardy, 158, 160–161

Heim, Lt Robert P., 162

Hiep Hoa Special Forces Camp, 107, 109

Hoa Hao, 8, 13, 18–19

Hoa My, 83

Ho Chi Minh. _See_ Minh, Ho Chi

Ho Chi Minh Trail, 80

Hoi An, 9, 78

Hoi Dong Sam, 107, 109

Honolulu Conference, 46

Hop Tac Program, 129, 132, 136

Hudson, LtCol Robert S., 93

Hue, 9, 12, 16, 78–79, 82, 99, 113, 119

Hughes, Capt Virgil R., 116

Hugo, Victor, 8

Hung, Maj Le Nhu, 23, 31, 35

India, 93

Indian Ocean, 3, 12

Indochina, 3, 11–12, 16, 35, 62, 166

Industrial College of the Armed Forces, 146

Infantry Unit Training Course, 41

Interministerial Committee for Strategic Hamlets, 45. _See Also_ Strategic Hamlet Program

International Control Commission, 12, 30. _See Also_ Canada, India, and Poland

Interzone V, 44

Ireland, Col Julius W., 71, 73, 75–76, 79, 83, 85, 112

Irwin, Capt William R., 141

Iwo Jima, 62

Japan, 8–9, 11, 62, 71

Jeep, M-442 “Mighty Mite,” 112

Job Related Orientation Program, 143

Johnson, President Lyndon B., 127, 166–167

Johore, Malaya, 41

Joint Chiefs of Staff, 51, 53, 57, 59, 88, 127, 142, 155

Joint General Staff, 20, 22, 31–32, 35–36, 40, 82, 84, 100, 102, 109, 111, 132, 149

Joint Operations Center, 62–63, 82

Joint Operations Evaluation Group, 47

Joint Task Force 116, 86, 88–90. _See Also_ Marine Corps, FMF Units

Joint U.S. Military Advisory Assistance Group, Thailand, 88, 90

Jones, Capt Robert C., 100

Jungle Warfare School, 41

Kelliher, Lt James P., 137

Kennedy, President John F., 30, 36, 42–44, 57, 86, 88, 93, 127

Kham Duc, 159, 161

Khang, BGen Le Nguyen, 35–36, 49, 53, 100–103, 105, 109–110, 132, 138

Khanh, MajGen Nguyen, 103, 127, 129, 132

Ke Sanh, 139, 141, 155–156, 158

Khmers, 6

Khrushchev, Premier Nikita, 30

Kien Giang Province, 18

King, Col John H., Jr., 161–164

Koler, LtCol Joseph, Jr., 161–162, 165

Kontum, 9, 79, 103

Kontum Province, 103, 155, 167

Korat, Thailand, 88, 90

Korean War, 15, 35, 47–48, 59, 70, 111, 116, 120, 131, 146, 156, 161

Ky, Vice Air Marshal Nguyen Cao, 156

LAM SON XII, 117

LAM SON, 115, 149

Laos, 3, 9, 11–12, 14, 29–30, 80, 86, 88, 92–94, 139, 155, 166

Laotian Border, 78, 80, 117–119, 121, 147, 149, 157, 159

La Voy, LtCol John H., 146–147, 149, 151–152, 155–156

Legion of Merit, 59, 158

Leu, LtCol Reinhardt, 93, 111, 113, 115–116

Lien, Lt Col Nguyen Ba, 110, 132

Lieu, Maj Pham Van, 20

Linnemeier, LtCol George H., 111–112

LOCKJAW, 65

Lodge, Ambassador Henry Cabot, 127

Logistics Support Group, Thailand, 93

Long An, 133

Long An Province, 132

Long Tao River, 142

Loyko, GSgt William A., 49

Malaya, _See_ Malaysia

Malaysia, 3, 45

Mang Buc, 114

Manila Pact, 14

Mansfield, LCpl James I., 83

Mao Tse-tung, 11

Marine Corps, 22–25, 34–35, 40–41, 46–48, 53, 57–58, 65, 73–74, 82, 85, 90, 95, 100, 103, 107, 110–111, 116–117, 121, 123, 136–139, 142, 156 FMF Air Units: 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, 59–61, 70, 83, 88, 129, 156, 160–161, 165 3d Marine Aircraft Wing, 71, 70 Task Unit 79.3.5. _See_ SHUFLY Task Element 79.3.3.6. _See_ SHUFLY MAG-16, 58, 62, 70, 85, 158, 161 ProvMAG, 89–90, 92 MACS-2, 89 MABS-12, 89 MABS-16, 60–63, 69–71, 73, 75–76, 88, 111–114, 144, 146, 148, 155–156, 160 VMA-211, 89 VMA-324, 71 VMA-332, 89, 93 VMB-443, 146n VMGR-152, 61, 116, 156 VMGR-352, 61 VMO-2, 68 HMM-161, 161 HMM-162, 93, 111, 113, 115–116, 156–162 HMM-163, 70–73, 75, 80, 83, 111, 113, 116 HMM-261, 61, 89–90, 93, 117–120 HMM-361, 120–121, 144, 146 HMM-362, 60–63, 65, 67–71 HMM-364, 146–147, 149, 151–152, 155–156 HMM-365, 161–162, 164–165 MATCU-68, 60, 62 Task Element 79.3.5.2, 60. _See also_ MABS-16 FMF Ground Units 1st Marine Division, 161 3d Marine Division, 40–41, 86, 90, 100, 110, 112, 129, 136–138, 142, 147–158 4th Marine Division, 146 3d Marine Expeditionary Brigade, 88, 90, 92–93 9th Marine Expeditionary Brigade, 129, 167 5th Marines, 47 3d Marine Expeditionary Unit, 93–95, 113 Marine Advisory Unit, Vietnam, 131, 143 Infantry Battalions 1/9, 147, 160 2/9, 164 3/9, 89, 93–94 Infantry Companies G/2/3, 139, 141 K/3/3, 141 E/2/9, 161 L/3/9, 164 Advisory Team One, 139, 141, 155–156, 158 1st Radio Company, 46, 139, 141 Signal Engineering Survey Unit, 139. _See Also_ 1st Radio Company Security Detachment, Marine Unit Vietnam, 164

Marine Corps Air Facility, Santa Ana, 70

Marine Corps Air Station, Iwakuni, Japan, 61

Marine Corps Amphibious Warfare School, Quantico, 16, 18, 23, 24, 35

Marine Corps Junior School, Quantico, 47

Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, 100, 136

McCully, LtCol Alton W., 71, 84, 111–112

McGarr, LtGen Lionel C, 29, 36

McNamara, Secretary of Defense Robert S., 43, 46, 122, 127, 142

McWilliams, Capt James P., 107

Medal of Honor, 51, 158

Mekong Delta, 3, 6, 8–9, 16, 18–19, 28, 32, 36, 44–45, 57–59, 61–62, 67, 69, 73–75, 78, 80, 82, 84–85, 113, 116, 121, 132

Mekong River, 6, 8, 88

Merchant, Col Robert A., 146–149, 152, 154–158

Mickey, Col Ross S., 89, 93

Middle East, 3, 146

Midway, 60

Military Assistance Program, 30

Military Region 5, 45, 103

Military Region 9, 45

Minh, MajGen Duong Van, 99

Minh, Ho Chi, 11, 29

“Minute of Understanding,” 15

_Missouri_ (BB-63), 9

M-108 Wrecker, 136

Monkey Mountain, 141

Monroe, Lt Anthony A., 161

Montagnards, 6, 103, 111, 157

Montgomery, LtCol William, 149

Moody, LtCol Clarence G., 48–49, 100–103, 105, 132

My Tho, 62, 65, 107

NAMBO Interzone, 44

Nam Dong, 155, 157–159

Nam Tha, 88

National Intelligence Estimate, 29

National Liberation Front, 29, 44, 45

National War College, 161

Navy, 37, 48, 71, 90, 128

Navy Cross, 60, 48, 155

Navy Mobile Construction Battalion, 93, 112

New Life Hamlets. _See_ Hop Tac Program

Newport, Rhode Island, 131

New Zealand, 14

Nesbit, Col William P., 131–133, 143

Nghiem, BGen LeVan, 61–62, 73

Nha Trang, 16, 18–19, 22, 31, 114, 157, 160, 162

Nhu, Ngo Dinh, 45–46, 99

NIGHTINGALE, 65

Nipper, LCpl David, 162

Nong Son, 79

Nong Ta Kai, Thailand, 90, 92–93

Noren, LtCol Wesley C., 105, 107, 110, 131, 132

Normandy, France, 70

Northern Training Area, Okinawa, 41

North Korea, 11, 13, 15

North Vietnam, 3, 9, 11–12, 16, 26, 28–29, 44, 80, 86, 93–94, 128, 155, 166–167

North Vietnamese, 27, 29, 30, 88, 103, 121, 129

North Vietnamese Army Units 32d Regiment, 167 101st Regiment, 167

Norton, H. G. O., 83

Nosavan, Gen Phoumi, 86

O’Daniel, LtGen John M., 15–16, 22

Olmen, Lt John D., 115

Okinawa, 41, 47, 58, 61–62, 70–71, 74, 76, 85–86, 89–90, 93, 112–113, 136, 141–144, 146, 156, 161

On-The-Job Training Program, 40, 42, 136–137, 142–143

Otlowski, Lt Raymond J., 139, 141

Oum, Prince Boun, 86

Pacific Ocean, 3

Pacifier, _See_ Eagle Flight

Pakistan, 14

Paris, France, 138

Parker, Capt Evan L., 49

“Passage to Freedom,” 16

Pathet Lao, 29, 86, 88

Patton, LtCol Harvey M., 89

Pendell, Sgt Jerald W., 83

People-to-People Program, 71, 74, 85, 92–93

People’s Army of Vietnam, 13, 80

People’s Republic of China. _See_ China

Perfume River, 78

Phan Rang, 6

Phan Thiet, 51

PHI-HOA 5, 105

Philippines, 12, 14, 59, 61, 89–90, 93, 110, 132

Phouma, Prince Souvanna, 86, 88, 93

Phu Bai, 139

Phouc Thuan Province, 30

Phouc Thy Province, 136

Phouc Vin, 30

Plain of Jars, 86

Plain of Reeds, 70

Plateau Gi, 103

Pleiku, 9, 32, 46, 103, 129, 139, 152, 167

_Point Defiance_ (LSD-31), 90

Poland, 12, 93

Popular Forces, 129

Porter, Col Daniel B., Jr., 67, 73–74

_Princeton_ (CV-37) (LPH-5), 61–62, 162

Purple Heart Medal, 110

Radar, counter-mortar, 164

Radios, 61, 68, 149

Rathbun, LtCol Robert L., 70–74, 84, 111, 113

Red River Delta, 3, 11, 16

Regional Forces, 129

Republic of Korea. _See_ South Korea

Republic of Vietnam. _See_ South Vietnam

Richardson, LtGen John L., 88, 90, 93–94

Roberts, MajGen Carson A., 57–58, 70

Robichaud, LtCol Clifford J., 35–36

Roe, 161

ROLLING THUNDER, 167

Roosevelt, President Franklin D., 23

Ross, LtCol Thomas J., 120, 144–146

Route 1, 9, 80, 141

Route 9, 9, 80, 139

Route 19, 9

Royal Marines, 48

Royal Thai Regiment, 88

Rung Sat, 18–19

Rung Sat Special Zone, 142

Rupp, LCpl Walter L., 148

Saigon, 8–9, 15–16, 18–19, 28, 30–32, 34–36, 40, 45–48, 51, 53, 58, 60, 62, 65, 80, 100–102, 105, 107, 121, 129, 131–133, 136, 138, 141–153, 160, 166

Saigon Central Police Headquarters, 18

Saigon-Gia Dinh Special Zone, 45

Saigon River, 8

St. Clair, Col Howard B., 142

Saipan, 47

Secretary of Defense, 57, 128, 131

Self Defense Corps, 30, 45, 129

Seventh Fleet, 59–60, 88, 93–94, 141, 162

Schoech, VAdm William A., 59–61

Schrenkengost, PFC Fred T., 155–156

Shapley, LtGen Alan, 40, 57–58

Sheperd, Gen Lemuel C., 16

Sheridan, Capt John, 164

Shook, LtCol Frank A., 116, 119–120

Shoup, Gen David M., 51, 53, 58

SHUFLY, 59–62, 65, 69–71, 73–75, 83–86, 92, 111, 113–114, 117, 120, 121, 139, 141, 142, 144, 146, 157–159, 165

Sides, Adm John H., 58–59

Silver Star Medal, 110, 138

Simpson, BGen Ormand B., 90, 92–95

Sinnott, Lt William T., 83

Slack, Cpl Richard D., Jr., 162

Smith, Capt Joseph N., 107, 109–110

Snell, Capt Bradley S., 49

SocTrang, 58, 60–63, 65, 67, 70–71, 73–76, 82, 86, 92, 111–113, 144

So Huynh Pho, 8

Son, MajGen Tran Van, 79

Song Cam Lo, 78

Song Cau Dai, 78

Song Cau Do, 78

Song Han, 78

Song Huong, 78

Song Thu Bonm, 78–79, 115, 162

Song Tra Bon, 159

Song Tra Bong, 78

Song Tra Khuc, 78

Song Ve, 78

Song Vu Gia, 78, 117

Souphanauvong, Prince, 86

South China Sea, 3, 6, 8, 78, 84, 141, 167

South Korea, 11–13, 15

South Vietnam, 3, 6, 8–9, 12, 14–16, 18–19, 22–23, 25, 27–30, 35, 40, 42–45, 48, 51, 53, 57–58, 61, 65, 68, 70–71, 74, 78–79, 84, 86, 88, 90, 93–94, 100, 109, 110–111, 119, 121–123, 127–129, 138–139, 141–144, 152, 155–158, 166–167

South Vietnamese Armed Forces, 30, 32, 34, 36, 43, 45–46, 58, 129 Units Vietnamese Air Force, 27, 46, 48, 62, 67–69, 72, 80, 82, 105, 115–120, 137, 144, 146–147, 149, 151–152, 154–156, 158, 162 Vietnamese Army, 13–16, 18, 22–23, 26–27, 32, 49, 60–61, 63, 65, 67, 72, 74, 80, 83–84, 103, 105, 110, 112, 116–121, 129, 139, 141–142, 145, 147–149, 152–153, 155, 157–159, 161, 164–165 1st ARVN Division, 79, 111, 113, 115, 142 2d ARVN Division, 79, 82–83, 103, 105, 111, 113, 115, 117, 142, 154, 159 5th ARVN Division, 62 7th ARVN Division, 62, 65 21st ARVN Division, 62, 65, 67, 79–80 25th ARVN Division, 79, 103, 111 Airborne Brigade, 34, 129, 132 11th ARVN Regiment, 107 43d ARVN Regiment, 51 Ranger Battalions, 79, 114, 136, 164–166 Special Forces, 84 Vietnamese Marine Corps, 16, 18–20, 22–24, 29–30, 32, 34–37, 40, 47–49, 53, 58, 65, 84, 90, 100, 102–103, 105, 107, 109–110, 116, 121, 129, 131–133, 136, 138, 142–143, 166 Amphibious Support Battalion, 136 1st Battalion, 16, 18–20, 22–23, 31, 37, 49, 105, 107, 109 2d Battalion, 22–23, 31, 35, 49, 101–103, 107, 109–110 3d Battalion, 32, 36–37, 53, 105, 107, 109–110 4th Battalion, 36, 49, 51, 100–103, 105, 110, 136–138 5th Battalion, 133, 138 Reconnaissance Company, 105 Training Company, 136 Artillery Batteries, 51, 100, 105 Vietnamese Navy, 16, 36–37, 48, 101, 105, 142

South Vietnamese Ministry of Defense, 32

South Vietnamese Ministry of Interior, 27, 30

Southeast Asia, 3, 9, 11, 14, 29, 40–41, 94, 167

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, 14, 59, 61, 88, 90

Soviet Union, 12–13, 86, 93

Sparrow Hawk, _See_ Eagle Flight

Special Landing Force, 59, 62, 88–89, 162

Special Operations Group, 141

Steele, Col Fred A., 89–90

Stilwell, MajGen Richard G., 131

Strategic Hamlet Program, 45–46, 51, 53, 80, 101, 121–122, 129

SURE WIND 202, 152, 154–156, 158

Tactical Air Commander Airborne, 149

Tactical Air Navigation, 60

Tactical Air Support System, 62

Tactical Airfield Fuel Dispensing System, 60, 62, 69, 73, 75, 82, 103, 114, 119, 148, 155

Takjli, 90

Tam Ky, 82–83, 103, 116, 149, 157, 159–161, 165

Taoism, 8

Tarawa, 51

Taylor, Gen Maxwell D., 42–43, 57, 127

Taylor, Capt Richard B., 101, 103, 110

Tay Ninh Province, 109, 133

Temporary Equipment Recovery Mission, 26, 30

Texas A&M, 158

Thailand, 3, 14, 86, 88–90, 92–94, 113, 143

Thi, Col Nguyen Chanh, 29, 36

Thompson, SSgt John C., 155

Thompson, Sir Robert G. K., 45–46

Thoung Duc, 117, 119, 151

Throckmorton, LtGen John L., 131

Thua Thien Province, 76, 111, 115, 149, 157

Thu Duc, 36, 53, 100, 107, 136

Tien Phouc, 83, 160

Tiger Flight. _See_ Eagle Flight

Tiger Force, 83, 162, 165

Tiger Tooth Mountain, (Dong Voi Mep), 139, 141, 155–156, 158

Timmes, MajGen Charles J., 47, 57

Tonkin, 3, 8–9, 11–12, 16

Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 128

Tourane, 71. _See Also_ Da Nang

Tracy, TSgt Jackson E., 19–20

Training Relations Instruction Mission, 16, 19, 22

Tra My, 103, 105, 116

Trong, Maj Le Quang, 16, 19

Tropic of Cancer, 6

Truman, President Harry S., 12, 15

TULUNGAN, 59–60

Tunny, Lt Michael J., 83

Turner, Capt James S. G., 37

Typhoon Kate, 162

Typhoon Tilda, 159–160

Typhoon Violet, 159

Udorn, Thailand, 88–90, 92–93, 113, 158

U Minh Forest, 36, 40

United Front of National Forces, 18

United States, 13, 15, 19, 42, 71, 93, 99, 136, 166

U.S. Air Force. _See_ Air Force

U.S. Army. _See_ Army

U.S. Congress, 12

U.S. Embassy, Saigon, 32, 45, 138

U.S. Interagency Committee for Province Rehabilitation, 45

U.S. Marine Corps. _See_ Marine Corps

U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group, 15–16, 19, 22–24, 26, 29, 31–32, 35–36, 42, 44, 46–48, 53, 57, 86, 131, 146

U.S. Military Assistance Command, Thailand, 88, 90

U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, 46–48, 53, 57–63, 67, 73, 76, 80, 88, 99–100, 117, 127, 131, 139, 141–144, 147, 154–155, 158, 165, 167

U.S. Military Assistance Program, 16

U.S. Navy. _See_ Navy

U.S. Operations Mission, 27

Valentin, LCpl Miguel A., 83

_Valley Forge_ (LPH-8), 93, 156

Vichy Government, 9

Vientiane, Laos, 88, 93

Viet Cong, 19, 27–32, 34–37, 40, 43, 45–46, 49, 51, 53, 62–63, 65, 67, 69–74, 80, 82–83, 99, 101–103, 105, 107, 109–111, 113–116, 120–123, 127, 129, 136, 138, 141–144, 148–149, 151–153, 155, 157–159, 161–162, 164–167 Units 9th Viet Cong Division, 138 4th Viet Cong Battalion, 80

Viet Minh, 8, 11–13, 16, 27, 32. _See Also_ Viet Cong

Village Self Defense Corps, 27–28

Vinh Binh Province, 31

Vinh Long, 9, 65

Vinson, Lt Richard P., 85

Vung Tau, 36, 40, 100, 136

Walker, Maj John W., 142

Washington, D.C., 22, 29–30, 42, 46, 121, 128, 141, 143, 167

Watson, Cpl Billy S., 74

Weapons Types AR-15 automatic rifles, 65 Browning automatic rifles, 22 81mm mortars, 32, 164 82mm mortars, 137 57mm recoilless rifles, 32, 109, 137 .50 caliber machine guns, 107, 109, 137, 152–154 4.2-inch mortars, 22, 32, 60 Hawk missiles, 167 Light antiaircraft missiles, 167 M-14 rifles, 65 M-1 carbines, 22, 32 M-1 rifles, 32 M-16 rifles, 65 M-60 machine guns, 73, 114–115, 147–149, 162 M3A1 submachine guns, 65 105mm howitzers, 49, 118, 136 75mm pack howitzers, 36, 49, 136 60mm mortars, 32, 109 .30 caliber machine guns, 107, 152 TK-1, 162, 164 2.75-inch rockets, 115, 162

Webster, Capt David N., 114

Weede, MajGen Richard G., 47, 76, 131

Weller, MajGen Donald M., 40–41, 86, 90

Westmoreland, Gen William C., 127–128, 131, 155, 158, 166

Wilder, Capt Gary, 31

Wilkes, LtCol William N., Jr., 22–23, 31

Wilkinson, LtCol Frank R., Jr., 23, 31, 34–35

Williams, LtGen Samuel T., 26–27, 29, 32, 35

World War II, 9, 11, 13, 35–37, 40, 47, 51, 59, 62, 70, 75, 111–112, 120, 131, 146, 156, 161

Yen, Capt Nguyen Thanh, 107, 109

Youngdale, BGen Carl A., 131, 166

Zimolzak, Capt Frank, 110

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1977 O-211-623

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.

Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between paragraphs and outside quotations.

The original book uses bottom-of-page footnotes and end-of-volume endnotes. In this ebook, the footnotes have been moved directly below the paragraphs that reference them, and their symbols have been replaced by letters, so as to be unique within the eBook, while retaining the original physical sequence. The endnotes remain in their original positions, and their numbers have been modified to be unique within the eBook. The modifications are intended to allow successful hyper-linking in HTML and ereaders that support such links.

The modified footnote numbering uses chapter numbers and sequences within those chapters. The bottom-of-page sequences are alphabetic, while the endnote sequences retain their original numeric values.

In the original book, several footnotes were referenced multiple times. In this eBook, those footnotes have been duplicated and assigned new, unique letters, so that the references lead to separate footnotes. This is intended to facilitate back-linking from the footnotes to their references.

The index was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.