chapter 1

for requirements in Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Connecticut, and Maine.

[74] _Laws_ of Oregon, 1885, p. 44, also _Laws_, 1872, sec. 25, p. 507.

[75] _Statutes_ of Oklahoma, 1893 (compilation), ch. 73, art. 5, p. 1094, for first and second grade certificates, also _Laws_, 1897, ch. 34, art. 6, p. 273. _Revised Statutes_ of Wyoming, 1899, sec. 627, p. 228; _Laws_, 1899, ch. 70, p. 136, for second and third grade certificates. _Laws_ of Florida, 1893, ch. 4192, p. 125, also _Compiled Laws_, 1914, 365, Vol. I, p. 136, for first grade certificates. See footnote, page 86.

[76] _Compiled Laws_ of Florida, 1914, 365, Vol. I, p. 136.

[77] _Laws_ of Wyoming, 1899, ch. 70, p. 136, also _Revised Statutes_, 1899, sec. 627, p. 228.

[78] _Laws_ of Pennsylvania, 1895, 41, p. 155, for high schools demanded general history and civics, but no mention was made of United States history. In _Digest_, 1894, p. 815, United States history was required for certificate from any county, borough, or its superintendent. _Laws_ of Delaware, 1893, sec. 5, p. 691, professional certificates; _ibid._, 1898, sec. 24, p. 198, professional, first, second, and third grade certificates. _Acts_ of West Virginia, 1891, ch. 64, p. 169, “history” and civil government for primary certificates; also _Acts_, 1895, ch. 26, 28, p. 81, for first, second and third grade certificates; adding general history in first grade certificate, see _ibid._, p. 82, also _Code_, 1899, ch. 45, 28, 29. _Public Acts_ of Michigan, 1893, sec. 5, p. 35, also in _Compiled Laws_, 1915 (5881), sec. 5, Vol. II, p. 2213. _Statutes_ of Wisconsin, 1898, ch. 27, sec. 447, p. 363, for all grades of licenses. _General Statutes_ of Minnesota, 1894, ch. 36, par. 3749, par. 3750, Vol. I, p. 1022, for professional state certificate by law of 1893 approved April 18, 1893. _Laws_ of North Dakota, 1895, 52, p. 27, for all certificates, _ibid._, 1897, par. 741, p. 108. _Laws_ of South Dakota, 1891, ch. 56, par. 4, p. 119, _ibid._, 1893, ch. 78, 105, _ibid._, 1895, ch. 78, p. 83, in _Compiled Laws_, 1913, par. 55, Vol. I, p. 572. _Revised Statutes_ of Missouri, 1899, sec. 9798, Vol. II, p. 2277, any certificates. _General Statutes_ of Kansas, 1897, ch. 63, par. 200, p. 671, first grade certificate, but second and third grade required only United States history. _Annotated Code of General Statute Laws_ of Mississippi, 1892, 4022, p. 889, first grade license; professional and state in 1896, _Laws_, 1896, p. III, secs. 6 and 7. _Laws_ of Texas, 1822-1897, sec. 65, first, second grades and permanent certificates (23d legislature, 1893); by laws of 1891, state certificate general history and civil government; _Revised Statutes_, 1895, art. 3979, p. 787. _Laws_ of Idaho, 1897, sec. 7, p. 75, _ibid._, 1899, sec. 17, p. 310. _Laws_ of Washington, 1891, ch. XCVII, sec. 4, p. 244, _Code_, 1891, par. 773, Vol. I, p. 281, state certificate, _ibid._, par. 777, p. 285, first grade certificate. _Revised Statutes_ of Utah, 1898, 1767, p. 425, state professional certificate, _ibid._, 1923, p. 455, for primary and grammar certificates, United States history only, but _ibid._, 1924, high school certificates; both United States history and civics for territorial certificate of first grade in 1890, civics and United States history, _Laws_, 1890, sec. 23, p. 115; _Revised Statutes_, _op. cit._, 1767, p. 425, state professional diploma of high school grade, general history, civil government, United States history. _Statutes_ of California, 1893, p. 260, primary county certificates. _Revised Statutes_ of Wyoming, 1899, sec. 627, p. 228, first, second, and third grade licenses, with political economy required for first grade.

[79] _Acts_ of Alabama, 1891, par. 2, p. 250. Approved February 4, 1891; also in _Code_, 1897, art. 6, Vol. I, p. 1007.

[80] See citations in footnote 52.

[81] Citation of reference in footnote 52. Also _Acts_ of Iowa, 1896, ch. 39, p. 44, amends 1766 of _Code_.

[82] _Digest of Statutes_ of Arkansas, 1894, ch. 139, sec. 7010, p. 1523, Act of April 14, 1893; _Laws_ of Indiana, 1899, ch. CCXIV, p. 489; _General Statutes_ of Kansas, 1897, ch. 63, par. 201, 202, p. 671; _Revised Statutes_ of Utah, 1898, 1796, p. 432.

[83] Maine, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Illinois, Iowa, and Nebraska.

[84] Connecticut, Illinois, Montana, Ohio, Oregon being the states which required only history. Oregon’s requirement was modern history.

[85] Kentucky and Oregon passed laws this year.

[86] _Laws_ of Kentucky, 1862, ch. 636, p. 265. Approved August 30, 1862. _Laws_, 1889, Vol. I, p. 169, par. 15. In the law for the qualifications of teachers, however, the taking of the oath was not mentioned.

[87] _Acts_ of West Virginia, 1863, ch. 137, 35, p. 255; also _Code_, 1868, ch. 45, 31. p. 298; again _Acts_, 1866, ch. 74, 37, p. 65.

[88] _Acts_ of West Virginia, 1869, pp. 56, 104. For the law prescribing the oath, _Code_ of West Virginia, 1868, ch. 45, 32, p. 299; _Acts_, 1863, ch. 106, p. 138. Constitution, _ibid._, ch. IX, p. 76. On February 7, 1870, this law was reënacted and amended. _Code_, _op. cit._, ch. 14, 32, p. 739 of Appendix.

[89] _Laws_ of Missouri, 1865-6, par. 89, p. 189.

[90] _Acts_ of Arkansas, 1868, sec. 61, p. 182. Again in _Acts_, 1873, sec. 64, p. 412. Repealed by an act of 1875.

[91] _Code_ of Oregon, 1862, sec. 9, p. 40.

[92] _Acts and Resolves_ of Rhode Island, 1865, pp. 126-127. _The Twentieth Annual Report on the Public Schools in Rhode Island made to the General Assembly at the January Session, A.D. 1865._

[93] _Laws_ of Arizona, 1883, pp. 41 and 157, _ibid._, 1885, p. 146. The law made it a duty of superintendents of public instruction or county superintendents of schools to administer the following oath, but there was no separate law prescribing that a teacher take such an oath: “I, ----, do solemnly swear that I will support the constitution of the United States and the laws of the territory of Arizona; that I will true faith and allegiance bear to the same, and defend them against all enemies whatsoever, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge the duties of the office (name of office) according to the best of my ability, so help me God.”

[94] _Laws_ of North Dakota, 1897, par. 742, p. 109; _ibid._, 1901, p. 99; _ibid._, 1905, p. 206. This statute was in the _School Laws_ published in 1923. In 1900, North Dakota’s total population was 319,146 with a foreign population of 113,091.

[95] _Laws_ of Idaho, 1897, sec. 17, p. 85, _ibid._, 1899, p. 310; _Code_, 1901, ch. XL, Vol. I, p. 330. This law is found as late as 1921. Also _Compiled Statutes_, 1919, par. 946, Vol. I, p. 270. In 1900, Idaho’s population was 161,772, of which 24,604 were foreigners.

[96] _Laws_ of Nevada, 1907, ch. CLXXXII, sec. 30, p. 386; also _Revised Statutes_, 1912, sec. 3277, also _Revised Laws_, 1861-1912, 370, sec. 2, Vol. I, p. 113. Out of a total population, in 1900, of 42,335 Nevada’s foreign population was 10,093.

[97] New Hampshire, Virginia and Louisiana.

[98] _General Statutes_ of Vermont, 1862, ch. 22, sec. 1, p. 169. The selection of the book was to be made as soon as possible, and was to be binding upon all teachers and boards of education until January, 1867. The law appeared in later statute books. _Revised Laws_ of Vermont, 1880, ch. 33, sec. 558, p. 169; _Vermont Statutes_, 1894, sec. 700, p. 189.

[99] _Laws_ of Vermont, 1872, no. 14, sec. 1, p. 54. “Hall’s _Geography and History of Vermont_ now in use by the authority of law, in the schools of Vermont, or such revised editions of the same as may be issued, shall be continued as a textbook for the term of five years from the first day of November, A.D., 1873.” Approved November 26, 1872. Legislation of this character is found also in 1888 and in 1890. _Laws_, 1888, no. 9, sec. 171, and 172, _ibid._, 1890, no. 7, p. 25.

[100] _Acts and Resolves_ of Rhode Island, 1865, p. 153. Report of the Superintendent of Public Education.

[101] _Laws_ of North Carolina, 1879, ch. 93, p. 177. Approved March 1, 1879. John W. Moore, author of textbook.

[102] _Code_ of West Virginia, 1868, 55, p. 308. For Holmes’ _History of the United States_, _Laws_, 1873, 58, p. 419. For geography, Knote’s _Geography of West Virginia_, Mitchell’s _New Revised Geographies_, Macy-Howe-Smith’s _Lessons on the Globe_, by laws of 1873 and again in 1891. _Laws_, 1891, p. 313. _Laws_ of West Virginia, 1895, ch. 37, p. 63. For the _General History_ by Myers, contract price $1.10, contract exchange price 82 cents; for the _Leading Facts of American History_, contract price 65 cents, exchange price 50 cents; _Beginner’s American History_, contract price 43 cents, exchange price 35 cents. Lewis’ _History and Government of West Virginia_, in fixing 80 cents as the contract price, and Dole’s _The American Citizen_ with 65 cents as the exchange price were likewise named in the law.

[103] _Code_ of Virginia, 1887, sec. 1501, p. 404. By a law of 1883-4.

[104] _Laws_ of Indiana, 1889, ch. L, sec. 1, p. 75.

[105] _Ibid._, 1891, ch. LXXX, sec. 1, p. 100.

[106] _General Statutes_ of Minnesota, 1881, ch. 36, par. 156, 157, p. 498. Contract for books let to D. D. Merrill, St. Paul. _Laws_ of Kansas, 1897, ch. 179, sec. 4, p. 378. _Laws_ of Montana, 1889, sec. 4, p. 211.

[107] _Laws_ of Kansas, _op. cit._

[108] _Laws_ of Kansas, 1899, ch. 176, p. 357. It was required that the general history textbook must equal Myers’ _General History_ and the English history must equal Montgomery’s _English History_.

[109] _Laws_ of Montana, _op. cit._

[110] _Laws_ of South Dakota, 1891, par. 11, p. 239.

[111] _Laws_ of Missouri, 1897, sec. 5, p. 23. Approved March 31, 1897.

[112] _Digest of the Statutes_ of Arkansas, 1894, ch. 139, sec. 6975, p. 1519. Act of December 7, 1875. Also in _Digest_, 1904, sec. 7531, p. 1543; _ibid._, 1916, sec. 9379, p. 2132.

[113] _Laws_ of Arkansas, 1899, sec. 5, p. 148.

[114] _Laws_ of Idaho, 1884-85, p. 185; _Laws_ of California, 1883-84, ch. VIII, sec. 1, p. 6.

[115] _Laws_ of Texas, 1822-1897, sec. 1, Vol. X, p. 145; _Code_ of Alabama, 1897, art. 18, 1810.

[116] Indeed, as early as 1842, New Hampshire had prescribed that “no book shall be directed to be used as a school book which is calculated to favor any particular religious or political sect or tenet.” _Revised Statutes_ of New Hampshire, 1842, ch. 73, sec. 12, p. 151; _Compiled Statutes_, 1853, sec. 13, p. 178; _General Laws_, 1878, ch. 89, sec. 12, p. 217.

[117] _Laws_ of Mississippi, 1890, ch. 74, p. 88. The state superintendent, governor, and attorney-general were made a committee “to examine the various textbooks upon United States history and recommend with their approval such works as accord with their best judgment.”

[118] _Acts_ of Alabama, 1896-7, p. 204. _County School Book Board_ for the county of Winston; _ibid._, for the county of Limestone; _ibid._, p. 637, for the counties of Sumter and Madison.

[119] _Acts_ of Georgia, 1866, p. 222. The same series were endorsed by Mississippi.

[120] _Laws_ of Maryland, 1868, ch. IX, sec. 1, p. 756; _ibid._, 1870, ch. 10, sec. 1, p. 547; _Laws_ of South Carolina, 1870, sec. 10, p. 341.

[121] _Laws_ of Virginia, 1849, ch. 113, p. 66.

[122] _Revised Statutes_ of North Carolina, 1872-3, sec. 59, p. 583. This provided that “no sectarian or political textbooks or influences shall be used in any public school.” In Georgia the law prescribed that “the county board of education shall not be permitted to introduce into the schools any text-book or miscellaneous books of a sectarian or sectional character.” _Code_ of Georgia, 1882, part 1, title XIII, ch. V, par. 1274, p. 270; also _Acts_ of 1872, sec. XXXIII, p. 75; also _Laws_, 1887, sec. XXIII, p. 74.

[123] _Code_ of Georgia, 1895, sec. 5, par. 1365, Vol. I, p. 376. Legislation continued from 1872. _Acts_, 1872, sec. XXXIII, p. 75; also _Code_, 1882, part I, title XIII, ch. V, par. 1274, p. 270.

[124] _General Statutes_ of South Carolina, 1881-82, sec. 987, p. 294. Also _Laws_, 1870, sec. 10, p. 341. _Code_, 1902, sec. 1175, p. 452; _Code_, 1912, sec. 1699, Vol. I, p. 472.

[125] _Code_ of Alabama, 1897, art. 18, 1811; _ibid._, 1907; _Session Laws_ of Kansas, 1897, ch. 179, sec. 4, p. 378; _Revised Statutes_ of Arizona, 1887, 1530, sec. 58, p. 281, _Laws_, 1885, p. 153; _Code_ of Washington, 1891, par. 791, 10, Vol. I, p. 292; _Laws_, 1883, p. 13; _Codes and Statutes_ of California, 1876, sec. 1672, Vol. I, p. 235; _ibid._, 1905, Vol. I, p. 408.

[126] _Revised Statutes_ of Idaho Territory, 1887, ch. IX, sec. 705, p. 135. Also _Laws_, 1866, p. 27; _Laws_, 1870, p. 13; _Laws_, 1879, p. 24; _Laws_, 1890, p. 148; _Laws_, 1893, p. 211; _Code_, 1908, sec. 668, Vol. I, p. 406. This last forbade “sectarian and partisan instruction.” _Compiled Statutes_ of Montana, 1885, sec. 1893, p. 1185. The term “partisan” in some states may have referred to the teaching of religious or political doctrines. _Laws_ of Texas, 1822-1897, sec. 1, Vol. X, p. 145. Passed in 1891.

[127] _Acts_ of Kentucky, 1893, art. VI, par. 61, p. 1439. Approved July 13, 1893.

[128] _Compiled Laws_ of Dakota Territory, 1887, par. 1798, p. 401; _Revised Code_, 1883, p. 597, _Session Laws_, 1883, ch. 44, par. 130.

[129] Dakota Territory, Montana, Idaho, Washington excluded from their schools “partisan” textbooks.

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