chapter VII

.

[314] “..., the state superintendent shall fix a time for a public hearing upon such a complaint, which shall not be more than thirty days from the date of filing said complaint, and shall be conducted by the state superintendent or the assistant state superintendent, or by one of the state inspectors of schools, to be designated by the superintendent, and which hearing shall be held at the county seat of the county where the complainants reside. Notice of such hearing shall be given at least ten days prior to the date thereof through the public press and by registered mail to the complainants, the school board interested and to the publishers of such textbooks.” _Laws_ of Wisconsin, 1923, ch. 21, sec. 40.30. Massachusetts House Bill No. 718. “An Act relative to Certain Textbooks in the Public Schools.”

[315] _Oregon School Laws_, 1923, ch. III, sec. 571, p. 169.

[316] Assembly Bill (California) No. 1329, introduced by Mr. Ball.

[317] State of New York, 3d Rdg. 652, Nos. 602, 1781, 1997, Int. 581. In Senate, February 7, 1923.

[318] State of New York: No. 1186, Int. 1086. In Senate, March 5, 1924. Introduced by Mr. Higgins.

[319] _The New York Times_, March 19, 1924.

[320] _Assembly, No. 14 (with Amendments), State of New Jersey._ Introduced January 8, 1924, by Mr. Williams. (For the Speaker.) The bill provided also that any forty citizens of a school district could file complaints against histories and a public hearing should be held within thirty days.

[321] _The New York Times_, February 12, 1924. The endorsement given this bill by patriotic and fraternal groups is treated on pages 275-276.

[322] _Ibid._, April 19, 1923, _The Freeman_, Vol. VII (May 2, 1923), p. 170. The Oklahoma legislature of 1923 forbade the use of textbooks teaching the “‘Materialistic Conception of History’ (_i.e._) The Darwinian Theory of Creation vs. the Bible Account of Creation.” Approved March 24, 1923. House Bill No. 197. The use of the term “materialistic conception of history” is interesting in this connection.

[323] Among the states which have Americanization laws that have no specific statement prescribing the teaching of American citizenship are Alabama, Connecticut, Iowa, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Virginia and West Virginia. Most of these laws were enacted in 1919, some prescribing the establishment of classes for uneducated adults, others specifying Americanization courses. In North Carolina, there is a law to remove illiteracy, and in New Mexico the schools are to give “nocturnal courses of instruction.” These laws are not discussed because they do not provide for the teaching of citizenship. One of the earliest evening schools was in Massachusetts, 1886, where United States history was one of the prescribed subjects. _Supplement to Public Statutes of Massachusetts_, 1882-1888, ch. 174, p. 117, “An Act for the Establishment and Maintenance of Evening Schools.”

[324] _Statutes_ of California, 1917, ch. 552, p. 742.

[325] _Ibid._, 1919, ch. 605, sec. 4, p. 1049.

[326] _Ibid._, 1921, ch. 489, p. 742. Approved May 27, 1921.

[327] _Laws_ of New York, 1918, ch. 415, pp. 1257-1258.

[328] _Ibid._, 1921, ch. 327, Vol. II, p. 1037.

[329] _General Laws Relating to Education, Massachusetts_, 1923, p. 18. “Education and Protection of Aliens,” 1917, 321, par. 2; 1919, 350, par. 59; 1920, 72.

[330] _Acts_ of Arizona, 1918, ch. 10, sec. 1, p. 29 (Sen. Bill No. 19). In 1921 a bill for the education of foreigners in the public schools was passed.

[331] _Laws_ of Maine, 1919, ch. 148, p. 148. Revision of ch. 116, sec. 137. Approved April 1, 1919.

[332] _Laws_ of New Hampshire, 1919, ch. 106, secs. 5 and 30, pp. 157, 165. Also _Laws_, 1921, ch. 85, sec. 5, p. 113.

[333] _Acts and Resolves_ of Rhode Island, 1919, ch. 1802, sec. 2, p. 212.

[334] _Laws_ of Pennsylvania, 1919, no. 311.

[335] _Laws_ of Delaware, 1919, ch. 158, sec. 1, p. 452; also by a similar law approved April 7, 1921, _Laws_, 1921, ch. 165, p. 550. For California, see page 106.

[336] _General Laws_ of Minnesota, 1919, for ch. 356 of _General Laws_, 1917.

[337] _Session Laws_ of Oklahoma, 1919, ch. 135, p. 467. Approved March 10, 1919.

[338] _Laws_ of Utah, 1919, ch. 93, sec. 4, p. 285. Approved March 20, 1919. This law was added to in 1921 with a provision for fees.

[339] _Laws_ of Montana, 1919, ch. 38, sec. 1, p. 91. Approved February 21, 1919.

[340] _Acts_ of New Jersey, 1920, ch. 197, p. 387.

[341] _General Laws_ of Ohio, 1921, sec. 7761-3, p. 101; _General Laws_ of Idaho, 1921, p. 418; _Session Laws_ of Wyoming, ch. 127, sec. 1, p. 188; _General Laws_ of Oregon, 1921, ch. 87, sec. 1, p. 139 (S. B. 171).

[342] _Ibid._ New York and Arizona also have laws in 1921. See page 106.

[343] State of Michigan, Department of Public Instruction, _Explanation of School Laws of Michigan_, Supplement to Bulletin No. 13. Published 1921, p. 7.

##