CHAPTER X

LOSS OF LAWRENCE AND THE _CHESAPEAKE_

THE YANKEES HAD WON SO OFTEN THAT THEY WERE UNDERESTIMATING THE ENEMY AND WERE OVERCONFIDENT IN THEMSELVES--A MIXED CREW, NEWLY SHIPPED, UNTRAINED AND MUTINOUS, TEN PER CENT OF THEM BEING BRITISH--THE RESULT WAS NATURAL AND INEVITABLE--CHIVALRY A PLENTY; COMMON-SENSE WANTING--THE “SHANNONS” WERE TRAINED LIKE YANKEES--A FIERCE CONFLICT--SIGNIFICANCE OF THE JOY OF THE BRITISH OVER THE _SHANNON’S_ VICTORY.

Now coil up your nonsense ’bout England’s great Navy, And take in your slack about oak-hearted Tars, For frigates as stout, and as gallant crews have we, Or how came her _Macedon_ decked with our Stars? Yes--how came her _Guerrière_, her _Peacock_ and _Java_, All sent broken-ribb’d to Old Davy of late? How came it? Why, split me! than Britons we’re braver, And that they shall feel too whenever we meet.

So sang the Yankee ballad-maker when filled with the haughty spirit that precedes a fall. Surely, if ever a young nation had reason for exultation and even for vainglorious songs young America had. During eight months her tiny navy had not only maintained itself upon the high seas where the enemy out-numbered it a hundred to one, but, as said, it had won more victories in that time than all Europe had been able to do in twenty years. Not only had the Americans showed the sturdy and persistent courage of the ancestral stock; they had shown the ingenuity of invention, the power of adaptation under unusual circumstances, and the general progressiveness which the spirit of that stock always develops when freed from Tory--that is to say, unreasonably conservative--restraints. To the natural aptness for the sea which they had in common with their cousins over the water, they had added such characteristics as naturally grow out of self-government.

Unfortunately, however, along with much good from the ancestral stock, they had also inherited not a little of the tendency to arrogant self-esteem. As the unbroken series of victories over European navies had made the British sailors feel themselves invincible, so the practically unbroken, if short, series of victories of the Americans over the British tars in the early months of the War of 1812, brought them to a state of mind where they trusted in something else than the unwearied vigilance and training that had made the crews of Hull, Decatur, Bainbridge, Jones, and Lawrence, the wonder--literally the wonder--of the whole world. Thereafter, defeat impended whenever an American ship might fall in with a British ship whose commander had not fallen into the prevailing slovenly habits of his navy.

[Illustration: James Lawrence.

_From an engraving by Edwin of the portrait of Stuart._]

As it happened, Lawrence, who had been the last to earn the applause of his countrymen, was to be the victim of the growing vanity of his navy. In the frigate _Chesapeake_ he sailed out of Boston to meet the _Shannon_. As the people of Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland went out on an excursion fleet to see Captain Burden of the British ship _Drake_ thrash the life out of John Paul Jones in the American ship _Ranger_, so the people of Boston flocked to the sea in all sorts of craft and climbed to heights overlooking the water that they might see Lawrence bring in the bold Captain Broke, who was cruising to and fro, anxious for a combat. That they returned humiliated was due to the fact that Lawrence went into the battle in the spirit of Dacres and Carden, while Broke went into it in the spirit of Hull and Decatur.

When Lawrence returned from the cruise on the coast of South America he applied to the Secretary of the Navy for the command of the _Constitution_. After some correspondence his request was granted, and then the order was recalled, and he was sent, very much against his will, to the _Chesapeake_. His dislike for the _Chesapeake_ will be very well understood by any sailor when it is recalled that she was the unlucky ship of the navy. She had sailed from Boston under Captain Evans, on December 13, 1812, and had arrived back on April 9, 1813. She had captured five merchantmen, and had escaped when chased by a British seventy-four and a frigate, but that was all she had done. On reaching port there was trouble in her crew over the payment of the prize money, and most of them left her, the two years for which they had shipped being ended. Evans left her because of trouble with his eyes. It would have been better for her new commander if more of the crew had left, for of those who stayed not a few were foreigners, and these were under the influence of a Portuguese boatswain’s mate. That a Portuguese, of all nationalities, should have been trusted even with a petty office shows to an American sailor the character of the crew whom Lawrence found on board. Among other foreigners, too, were thirty-two of English birth.

The exact day when Lawrence arrived is not recorded, but he did not leave the _Hornet_ in New York until after May 10th, and that was in the time of stage coaches. It was at about the middle of May that he took command. A still further indication of the condition of affairs on board is found in the fact that Acting-Lieutenant Pierce was allowed to leave the ship, as Lawrence explained it, because of “his being at variance with every officer in his mess.”

With a ship that, figuratively speaking, carried the flag of the “Flying Dutchman,” and with the nucleus of a crew in a mutinous state of mind over a failure to get the prize money to which they believed themselves entitled, Lawrence began fitting out for sea. The wages in the navy then were fair, and the glory of the flag undimmed, but getting sailors for the _Chesapeake_ was the hardest work of the life of her commander. Nor was it merely that she was an unlucky ship. It must not be forgotten that hosts of American seafaring men were then by force serving in the British navy, while more than two thousand of them were then in Dartmoor prison in England, whither they had been sent by such of the English captains as were humane enough not to compel an American to fight against his flag. Of the few American seamen who remained to man American ships not many were found to ship on a man-o’-war. The privateers, of whom some stirring tales remain to be told, had picked them off the streets. The crew which Captain Lawrence obtained was precisely such a crew as a ship fresh from an English port in those days would have had naturally--a crew that was swept up from the streets as a whole, and yet contained a considerable number of experienced, capable men. It was what a football expert would call a scrub team. It was a crew that in six weeks might have been trained by Lawrence to fight as one man, but Lawrence never had the opportunity to train it.

The _Chesapeake_ was fitting for a voyage to the east, where she could intercept British ships bound for the St. Lawrence, and thence to the Greenland whale fishery. The _Hornet_, under Master Commandant James Biddle, was to meet the _Chesapeake_ at Cape Canso.

Meantime a British ship-of-the-line, and the frigate _Shannon_, Captain Philip Bowes Vere Broke (the ship that had chased the _Constitution_ for three days), had been blockading the port of Boston, but Broke, who was looking for laurels in a single-ship fight with an American frigate, sent the ship-of-the-line away, and alone maintained the blockade.

[Illustration: Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke, Bart.

_From a lithograph of the portrait by Lane._]

Meantime it should be told that Broke was showing himself one of the ablest captains in the British navy. He may have hated the Yankees but he did not despise them so much that he would not imitate them. He had for seven years commanded the _Shannon_, and in that time, and especially since war was declared by the United States, he had worked with his crew as a Hull, or a Decatur, or a Lawrence would have done. He called them his “Shannons.” He made them proud of their ship. He fitted sights to his guns and he offered prizes to successful marksmen. He tumbled empty casks into the sea, and then sailed around them while his gunners fired at them. He trained his marines and other topmen in the use of muskets until they could see through the sights before pulling the trigger. He was as proud of them as they were of him and of the ship, and the pride was justified on both sides.

Eventually opportunity offered, and he wrote a challenge to the _Chesapeake_ to come out and fight--“ship to ship, to try the fortunes of our respective flags.” Unfortunately this letter was a long time in reaching Boston, and Lawrence never saw it. Had he received it he would have set a date that would have given him sufficient time to get his crew in hand. As it was, the report that a single British frigate was cruising to and fro off Boston light, plainly waiting for the _Chesapeake_, came to town and stirred the whole community into a patriotic glow.

What was Lawrence to do under the circumstances? He had himself in the _Hornet_ cruised off Bahia, daring the nerveless Captain Greene of the _Bonne Citoyenne_ to come out “ship to ship, to try the fortunes of our respective flags.” He had met the British _Peacock_ and shot her gorgeous feathers out of sight. He had earned a glorious reputation for bravery and skill. He had come to think lightly of the skill, though not lightly of the valor of the enemy. There was but one thing that a man like him could do. He rejoiced at the chance to meet the enemy once more single-handed. Bainbridge and others advised him to wait until he had trained his crew, but he was unable to endure the thought of having the British deride him as he had derided Greene of the _Bonne Citoyenne_.

Barely waiting to complete the number of his crew, he spread his sails--indeed the last draft of men came on board and went directly to sheets, halyards, and the capstan, without stowing away their clothes and hammocks. The men did not know the officers even by sight. They did not know each other. They did not know their places at either the ropes or their guns. The _Chesapeake_ was going to sea in so nearly the same condition as that in which she met the _Leopard_, that the unprejudiced student must see the resemblance. It was the folly of pride to go to meet any frigate in such fashion.

It was on the morning of June 1, 1813, that the _Chesapeake_ sailed. A Nova Scotia negro, it is said, stood on the long wharf as the last boatload of the _Chesapeake’s_ crew put off to board her, and called out to a friend:

“Good-by, Sam. You is gwine to Halifax befo’ you comes back to Bosting. Gib my lub to ’quirin’ friends, an’ tell ’em I’s very well.”

He was a wise prophet but a foolish darky. He told the truth and narrowly escaped death at the hands of a mob for doing so.

[Illustration: James Lawrence

_From an engraving by Edwin._]

With such speed as was possible, Captain Lawrence spread his sails to the breeze, spread everything from courses to royals and studding sails, and drove away beyond the light. On his way out he hoisted a great burgee containing the words “Free trade and sailors’ rights.” As the reader will remember, “free trade” there had no reference to tariffs or imports--the phrase meant that the Americans were fighting for the right to trade on the high seas unmolested by British press-gangs and Orders-in-Council. Then the crew were called into the gangway, where Captain Lawrence began to talk to them to infuse some of his own spirit into their breasts. But hardly had he begun when he was interrupted by loud murmurs from the men who had been on the previous cruise of the _Chesapeake_. Led by the “scoundrel Portuguese, who was boatswain’s mate,” they _demanded_ their prize-money under penalty of refusing to do duty. Not only was the crew raw and untrained; it was to an astounding extent mutinous.

What ought to have been done at this moment--what a modern naval officer would have done--may be a matter worth considering, but Lawrence yielded to the mutineers by calling them into the cabin and giving them checks for the prize-money due. Then they went forward and First Lieutenant Augustus C. Ludlow, assisted by Second Lieutenant George Budd (an officer of some experience) and Midshipmen William Cox and Edward J. Ballard, acting as third and fourth lieutenants, strove to get the crew into their places.

The _Chesapeake_, very brave in her display of colors, passed the Boston light at about one o’clock in the afternoon and headed away after the _Shannon_, that stood off shore, with a pleasant breeze until 3.40. Then the _Shannon_ clewed down and put a reef in her topsails, and thereafter she filled and backed for an hour while the _Chesapeake_ was bearing down on her and preparing for battle. “Lawrence displayed great skill and tactics when closing,” as the enemy testified, and at 5.50 P.M. luffed up and backed his mainyard within fifty yards of the _Shannon’s_ weather-quarter instead of wearing down across the stern and raking her as he might have done.

[Illustration: The _Chesapeake_ and _Shannon_.--Commencement of the Battle.

_From an engraving at the Navy Department, Washington._]

That was magnificent for bravery--it was chivalrous to the highest degree--so high as to be beyond the realm of common sense.

Up to this moment neither ship had fired a shot at the other, and both crews stood at their guns in perfect silence. Lawrence, “colossal in figure, with muscular power superior to most men,” paced his quarter-deck “fatally conspicuous by his full-dress uniform.” Broke, equally courageous and cool, stood upon his deck watching the Yankee. He had foreseen the manœuvre that Lawrence would make and had ordered William Windham, who commanded the fourteenth gun, counting from forward on the weather side of the _Shannon_, to fire as soon as he could see into the second of the ports on the lee-side of the _Chesapeake_.

At precisely 5.50 P.M. Windham pulled the lanyard of his gun and the battle was on. The other guns of the _Shannon_ were fired in quick succession and the _Chesapeake_ replied with a full broadside. The _Chesapeake_ forged ahead slightly and was luffed still more. Her broadsides told with great effect, but the fire of the _Shannon_ was more rapid and had such a terrible effect that “the men in the _Shannon’s_ tops could hardly see the deck of the American frigate through the cloud of splinters, hammocks, and wreck that was flying across it.” As seen from above “the deck was covered with a mist of débris as the mist of spoondrift in a pelting gale.”

Warmed by the heat of battle, Broke was shouting “Kill the men! Kill the men!” His well-trained sharp-shooters heard and obeyed. Three quarter-masters were shot from the _Chesapeake’s_ wheel in rapid succession, while Lawrence himself was struck in the leg by a musket-ball. But Lawrence merely rested his weight against the companionway and continued to direct the fight. First Lieutenant Ludlow was mortally wounded, and was carried below. The storm of grape and musket-balls was clearing the whole crew from the upper deck of the _Chesapeake_.

Meantime, having luffed up to deaden her headway, the wind caught the _Chesapeake_ aback, and she began to drift astern with her lee quarter exposed to the broadside of the _Shannon_. The _Shannon’s_ fire was raking her. The brails of her spanker were shot away and the wind caught and spread that sail and so swung her stern still nearer to the _Shannon_. A hand-grenade thrown from the _Shannon_ landed in the _Chesapeake’s_ lee quarter-deck arm-chest, where it exploded the ammunition stored there. The flames spread in a huge flash through the splinters and dust, clear to the forecastle, filling the air with a cloud of smoke. The rigging of the _Chesapeake_ was badly cut. Her boatswain and sailing-master were dead. There was no one forward to see the orders of Captain Lawrence obeyed. The _Chesapeake_ was drifting stern on into the _Shannon_, and ten minutes after the fight began the two ships fouled.

[Illustration: The _Chesapeake_ and _Shannon_.--After the first two broadsides from the latter.

_From an engraving at the Navy Department, Washington._]

At that Lawrence called for boarders, but the bugler, who was a negro landsman, had hidden himself, frightened half to death. Still a few men answered the call, but they were to try to repel boarders rather than to board. A desperate hand-to-hand conflict followed at the rails of the two ships. Brawny Boatswain Stevens, who boasted that he had served under Rodney, lashed the ships together, though an American slashed off his left arm with a cutlass as he took the last turn, and thus inflicted a mortal wound.

[Illustration: Diagram of the CHESAPEAKE-SHANNON BATTLE.]

But the end was at hand. Lieutenant Law, of the British marines, recognizing Lawrence, fired at him, and the ball pierced his abdomen. A few minutes after he had been carried below he noticed that the fire had slackened greatly. He at once “forgot the anguish of his wounds, and having no other officer near, ordered John Dip, the surgeon’s mate in attendance on him on deck to “_Tell the men to fire faster, and not give up the ship_; the colors shall wave while I live.”

But that was an order that could not be obeyed. Captain Broke had called his men to the rail to repel boarders, and quickly observed the confusion following after Lawrence was carried below. Throwing down his trumpet and drawing his sword, he shouted to his men the inspiring order:

“Follow me!” And at 6.02 P.M. he stepped over the _Shannon’s_ rail to the muzzle of one of the _Chesapeake_ s quarter-deck guns and thence leaped to the deck of the _Chesapeake_. He was followed by twenty of his men.

A few Americans, led by Parson Samuel Livermore, the ship’s chaplain, made a “desperate but disorderly” resistance. The parson fired a pistol at Broke but missed him, and before he could recover his extended arm, the captain with a “backward stroke of his good and mighty Toledo blade,” sliced it almost clear of his shoulder, and “felled the patriot to the deck.” Then the boarders charged along the platforms (gangways) on each side of the _Chesapeake_ leading to the forecastle deck.

[Illustration: “DON’T GIVE UP THE SHIP!”

Death of Captain Lawrence

_From an engraving by Hall of the picture by Chappel._]

Forty-four marines had been stationed on the upper deck under Lieutenant James Brown. Of these men, fourteen were already dead, including the lieutenant and a corporal, while two sergeants and eighteen others were wounded. There were left nine marines under a corporal on the forecastle, where some of the sailors remained also. These met and held the dashing Broke and his men at bay until reinforcements came. It was now indeed a desperate fight for the few Americans. The _Chesapeake’s_ mizzen-topmen were firing on the boarders with good aim. A long-nine was fired from the _Shannon_ at this top and the charge cleared the top as a charge of bird-shot destroys a huddled covey of quails. The fore and maintopmen of the _Shannon_ silenced the maintopmen of the _Chesapeake_--silenced them in death. Then fresh men came to the aid of Broke, who “was still leading his men with the same brilliant personal courage he had all along shown. Attacking the first American who was armed with a pike, he parried a thrust from it and cut down the man; attacking another, he was himself cut down” with a blow that laid open his skull and exposed his brain. He was saved by Gunner Windham, who fired the first shot of the battle. Windham inflicted a mortal wound on the American. But though this American was dying, he still fought on. Clutching a bayonet, he strove to drive it into the English commander, who in turn was trying to kill the American with a dagger, but the American proved the stronger and would soon have ended Broke when a British marine came to the rescue. In the excitement the marine was about to bayonet his own commander, who was underneath the American, but Broke called out:

“Pooh! Pooh! you fool! Don’t you know your captain?” So the American was killed instead.

So stubborn was the resistance that the Englishmen would have been repulsed but for the reinforcements, who when they came gave no quarter. They killed every American on the forecastle.

Meantime word was carried below to the Americans that the British were on the upper deck. Instantly the Portuguese mutineer took the gratings from the hatch leading to the lower hold and climbed down, shouting “So much for not paying men prize-money.”

[Illustration: The _Chesapeake_ and _Shannon_.--The _Shannon’s_ men boarding.

_From an engraving at the Navy Department, Washington._]

He was followed by about all the foreigners. Lieutenant George Budd and a dozen veteran American seamen started for the upper deck, but on reaching it Budd was struck and knocked down the hatchway. The “novices held back.” There were not enough veterans to conquer. The _Chesapeake_ swung around and broke clear of the _Shannon_, leaving no more than sixty of the British on the _Chesapeake’s_ deck, but they had the deck. Two volleys were fired down the hatches and the Americans were entirely demoralized. Going aft, the British hauled down the American flag at 6.05 o’clock and the battle was ended. They had captured the _Chesapeake_ in just fifteen minutes.

On getting the flag down they hoisted it with a white flag to show their victory, but by mistake the sailor doing the work got the white flag under the Stars and Stripes. Seeing this, the men on the _Shannon_ opened fire again and killed and wounded a number of their own men, including Lieutenant Thomas L. Watt.

On the weary road to Halifax Lawrence gradually lost strength and became delirious. It is said that then he kept repeating over and over again his last order on the quarter-deck of the _Chesapeake_, “Don’t give up the ship.” He died before Halifax was reached. Captain Broke, also wounded almost unto death, also became delirious, but before he became so he startled the crews of both ships by ordering a Scotch piper on the _Shannon_ to play “Yankee Doodle.” “Yankee Doodle” on a Scotch bag-pipe would be startling, at least to Americans, under any circumstances, but this time it was played at night and in a dense fog. It is said that many of the people on both ships supposed at first that one of the Yankee frigates had “happened along.”

The two ships arrived at Halifax on a Sunday morning. “There was a great shout from the people, for they thought our prize was the 44-gun frigate _President_, which had incurred their cordial dislike, but when they heard that it was the _Chesapeake_, and that Lawrence, her commander, was dead, not a huzza was heard, except, I believe, from a brig lying at anchor. Captain Lawrence was highly respected for his humanity to the crew of the _Peacock_, and marks of real grief were seen in the countenances of all the inhabitants, I had a chance to see.” So wrote a British officer.

The body of Lawrence lay on the quarter-deck of the _Chesapeake_, wrapped in an American flag. It was placed in a coffin and taken ashore “in a twenty-oared barge, to minute strokes, followed by a procession of boats at respectful distances. It was met by a regiment of British troops and a band that played the ‘Dead March in Saul.’” The sword of the American was placed on his coffin, which was then carried away by six of the oldest naval officers in the port. The long procession that followed included many of the wounded of both ships.

[Illustration:

_Broke._

The Fight on the _Chesapeake’s_ Forecastle.

_From a lithograph in the “Memoir of Admiral Broke.”_]

Six weeks later George Crowninshield, jr., a privateersman, and ten other ship-masters, went to Halifax in the brig _Henry_ under a flag of truce, and brought home the bodies of Captain Lawrence and Lieutenant Ludlow, and they were interred in Trinity cemetery, in lower Broadway, New York. The monument of the two men can be seen by the curious wayfarer at the southeast corner of the old brown-stone pile. On the end that faces Broadway are these words:

Neither the fury of battle, the anguish of a mortal wound, nor the horrors of approaching death could subdue his gallant spirit. His dying words were

“Don’t Give up the Ship.”

The report of the capture of the _Chesapeake_ which was published in London immediately on the arrival of the news was a forged document. Broke was lying delirious in his cabin from the time the _Shannon_ arrived in Halifax until after the brig that carried the news to England had sailed. Yet a formal report, signed with his name, was published in London immediately after the brig arrived. And it is this forged document that forms the basis of the British accounts of the fight.

The conventional comparison of the ships shows that the _Chesapeake_ carried forty-nine guns, throwing 540 pounds of metal at a broadside, to the _Shannon’s_ fifty-two, throwing 547 pounds. Her crew numbered 340 to the _Shannon’s_ 330. The _Chesapeake_ lost forty-seven killed, and ninety-nine wounded, while the _Shannon_ lost only twenty-four killed and fifty-nine wounded. “Training and discipline won the victory” over a “scrub” crew; but it should be kept in mind that this crew was untrained because there had been no time to train it. If Captain Lawrence had had the six weeks which the _Java_ had before meeting the _Constitution_, it would not have been a “scrub” crew. And it is worth noting that even this crew inflicted far more injury on the _Shannon_ than either of the British frigates thus far captured had inflicted on her American antagonist. The _Shannon_ was struck by twelve eighteen-pound shot, thirteen thirty-two-pound shot and fourteen bar shot.

“The Americans were filled with a profound gloom and an unreasonable loss of confidence in their navy, while the English gave vent to extravagant demonstrations of joy, simply because an English frigate had captured an American of the same force.” Considering the course of the naval war up to that time, however, an unprejudiced student must say that the British joy was not unreasonable if the American gloom was. The British made Broke a baronet and a Knight Commander of the Bath. London gave him a sword and the “freedom of the city.” The Tower guns were fired in honor of the victory. The joy which this lone victory gave the British people is the strongest proof of their faith in, and admiration for, American prowess. Broke saw no active service after the battle. He died in 1841.

[Illustration: The _Shannon_ taking the _Chesapeake_ into Halifax Harbor.

_From an engraving at the Navy Department, Washington._]

A song that was published in the British _Naval Chronicle_ some months before the battle contained this stanza:

And as the war they did provoke, We’ll pay them with our cannon; The first to do it will be Broke. In the gallant ship the Shannon.

The British Historians unite in asserting that this battle proved conclusively that “if the odds were anything like equal, a British frigate could always whip an American, and that in a hand-to-hand conflict such would invariably be the case.”

A French historian, who is accepted as authority by all nations, says of this action:

“Captain Broke had commanded the _Shannon_ for nearly seven years; Captain Lawrence had commanded the _Chesapeake_ for but a few days. The _Shannon_ had cruised for eighteen months on the coast of America; the _Chesapeake_ was newly out of harbor. The _Shannon_ had a crew long accustomed to habits of strict obedience; the _Chesapeake_ was manned by men who had just been engaged in mutiny. The Americans were wrong to accuse Fortune on this occasion. Fortune was not fickle, she was merely logical. The _Shannon_ captured the _Chesapeake_ on June 1, 1813, but on September 14, 1806, when he took command of his frigate, Captain Broke began to prepare the glorious termination of the bloody affair.”

Ye sons of old Neptune, whose spirits of steel In tempests were hardened, by peril were tempered, Whose limbs, whose limbs like the wild winds that sweep the bare keel, By fetters of tyrants shall never be hamper’d; ’Mid the storm and the flood Still your honors shall bud, And bloom with fresh fragrance though nurtured with blood; For the tars of Columbia are lords of the wave, And have sworn that the ocean’s their throne or their grave!

The chiefs who our freedom sustain’d on the land FAME’S far-spreading voice has eterniz’d in story; By the roar of our cannon now called to the strand She beholds on the ocean their rivals in glory, Her sons there she owns, And her clarion’s bold tones Tell of Hull and Decatur, of Bainbridge and Jones; For the tars of Columbia are lords of the wave, And have sworn that old ocean’s their home or their grave!

She speaks, too, of Lawrence, the merciful brave, Whose body in death still his flag nobly shielded; With his blood he serenely encrimsoned the wave, And surrendered his life but his ship never yielded; His spirit still soars Where the sea-battle roars And proclaims to the nations of earth’s farthest shores, That the tars of Columbia are lords of the wave, And have sworn that old ocean’s their home or their grave!

[Illustration: In Memory of Captain James Lawrence.

_From an old engraving._]

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