CHAPTER XVIII

GUN-BOATS NOT WHOLLY WORTHLESS

EVEN IN THE WORST VIEW OF THEM THEY ARE WORTH CONSIDERATION--THE BEST OF THEM DESCRIBED--THE HOPES OF THOSE WHO, LIKE JEFFERSON, BELIEVED IN THEM--REASONS FOR THEIR GENERAL WORTHLESSNESS THAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN MANIFEST BEFORE THEY WERE BUILT--PROMOTED DRUNKENNESS AND DEBAUCHERY--THEY PROTECTED YANKEE COMMERCE IN LONG ISLAND SOUND--A FIGHT WITH A SQUADRON IN CHESAPEAKE BAY--WHEN THE BRAGGART CAPTAIN PECHELL MET THE YANKEES--SAILING-MASTER SHEED’S BRAVE DEFENCE OF “NO. 121”--COMMODORE BARNEY IN THE PATUXENT RIVER--WHEN SAILING-MASTER TRAVIS OF THE _SURVEYOR_ MADE A GOOD FIGHT--A WOUNDED YANKEE MIDSHIPMAN MURDERED--MEN WHO MADE FAME IN SHOAL WATER BELOW CHARLESTON.

As has been mentioned incidentally a number of times in the course of this history the Americans had, when war was declared to exist in 1812, a very large number of gun-boats--the quills, so to speak, of the great American heraldic porcupine (_Erethizon Dorsatus dormant_). Because in the days before the War of 1812 gun-boats--harbor-defence vessels--constituted in the eyes of the majority of American legislators the ideal navy for the American nation, it is worth telling at some length just what these gun-boats were and what they accomplished in the way of compelling the world to respect the American flag. They are farther worth consideration because in these last days of the nineteenth century a very great number of people in the nation believe that if an enemy’s battle-ship should dare to threaten the American metropolis, the courageous tugboat-men of the harbor would arm their little vessels with torpedoes and, swarming down to Sandy Hook, surround the audacious armor-clad, and by sheer force of numbers run in and explode their dynamite where it would fill the enemy with dismay, and his hull with water. Indeed, a noted orator has proposed this kind of a defence before a rapturously applauding audience in the metropolis, and some millions of his fellow-citizens read his words in the next morning’s papers and, in their minds, patted themselves and him approvingly upon the back as they did so.

The gun-boat of 1812, when built on the most approved plans, was fifty feet long, eighteen feet wide, and four feet deep from deck-beams to the top of the keel, but of the two hundred and fifty-seven of these boats found in the harbors of the United States in June, 1812, nearly all were but ten instead of eighteen feet wide. Each boat was provided with two masts and schooner sails, and with from twenty to thirty long oars, called sweeps. The crew of each varied from twenty to fifty, all told, and each (that is of the best) was armed with a long thirty-two pounder, the most efficient cannon of that day, which was mounted on a circle so that it could be pointed to any part of the horizon. The majority of the boats, however, were much smaller and carried smaller guns.

The arguments in favor of these vessels as stated by the friends of the system were as follows:

Frigates draw so much water and need so much sea-room for all manœuvres that they are utterly helpless in the shoal waters of the American harbors, while the gun-boats are moveable batteries, capable of going anywhere in any harbor that has three feet of water in it.

The gun of the gun-boat was as efficient as any of the best guns of the largest ship afloat, so forty gun-boats would have among them a more efficient battery than the _Constitution_, or any other frigate afloat.

In a contest between forty gun-boats and a frigate, the boats would have the broadside of the ship--say 1,500 to 2,000 square feet of surface--for a target, but the boats would fight her end on, and so each would present to her a target but ten feet wide (at most eighteen feet wide) and but two feet out of water.

The gun-boats would be scattered around the frigate and so the gunners would have to aim at the little targets separately.

The gun on the boat being low down near the water, had a better chance of hitting the frigate (and at the water-line) than a high gun had of hitting a low target.

[Illustration: Old-time Naval Gunnery.

_From a wood-cut._]

If a shot fired at the hull of a frigate happened to fly too high it might still seriously injure the rigging and spars, but if a shot was fired at the gun-boat and bounded over the hull it would do no damage because the spars of the gun-boat were not for use in time of battle.

If a frigate lost her masts or her rudder she was helpless, but a gun-boat, having many oars, could surely be managed as long as she floated.

The gun-boats were cheap to build--seventy-five of them cost no more than one good frigate, or say $4,000 each.

On the whole the building of gun-boats certainly was a plausible scheme in the eyes of a landsman, especially as the first argument--as to the depth of water and sea-room required for a frigate--was unanswerable. But when the men who knew the sea looked upon the plan it made them sick at heart. The mere idea of proposing to protect the lives and liberties of the people of the nation from foreign aggression by inviting the enemy to come into our harbors to fight, was enough to make any patriot sick at heart. But that was only one point against the system.

Considering the physical qualities of the supposed combatants, when forty boats attacked a frigate the ship did, indeed, show a broadside of 2,000 square feet, while the gun-boat was only ten feet wide and two feet high out of water. Even at that the aggregate length of water-line of all the boats when standing precisely end on to the frigate was four hundred feet. But the boats could not and never did remain end on. They had to fire over one bow or the other, so the target that each presented was much more than ten feet wide and two high, and, what was worse, the gunners of the high-decked frigate could look down on the deck of the gun-boat.

Then the men on the gun-boats had to fight out on an open deck, as did Perry’s men on Lake Erie, while those of a frigate fought behind thick timber bulwarks. And because the gun-boats were built with thin plank, a single shot could sink one, as happened to the sloop in the first fight on Lake Champlain, during this war, while a frigate could still float, as the brig _Boxer_ did after it had received many shot below the water-line in the fight with the _Enterprise_.

More important still was the fact that even the best (widest) gun-boats needed absolutely still water when making a fight--the swell of an ordinary windy day in the lower bay of New York proved enough to destroy their efficiency, while the narrow boats rolled so under the recoil of their own guns even in smooth water that the crews had to wait, after each discharge, for the rolling to cease before firing again.

And then as to the cost, while it was perhaps true that the price of a frigate would have built seventy-five boats, a frigate required a crew of but four hundred or four hundred and fifty men, while a flotilla of the forty boats needed to match a frigate required, on the whole, 2,000 men, including three commissioned officers to each boat. Besides, forty gun-boats were never got together in a fleet to attack a frigate.

To all of this must be added the difficulty of finding forty gun-boat captains who would act together in battle, and the trouble in caring for the wounded when a ship had but four feet of head-room below its deck, and the wretched quarters there afforded to the men who had to man the boats.

And if there was lack of concert among the captains of the flotillas in battle, there was a worse lack of discipline on the vessels at all times. Captain Jacob Lewis, previously of the privateer _Bunker Hill_, was made Commodore of the fleet in New York Harbor. He was as efficient as any man of his experience could be, but his boats were manned by river boatmen; men who, though afraid to go to sea, were yet anxious to get the bounty and the good pay offered to naval seamen--waifs from the streets of the metropolis. “The temptations to insubordination and vice were much greater” in the gun-boats than in any other service. In short, there was every opportunity for drunkenness and the lowest forms of debauchery.

Nevertheless, in spite of the disreputable character of the gun-boat service as a whole, some few of the boats did actually burn gunpowder to the honor of the flag, and in some respects they were valuable, even though they did not fire their big guns once.

For instance, there were several flotillas of them along the coast from Newport, where Perry was in command early in the war, through Long Island Sound to New York. These were kept travelling to and fro convoying the coasting merchantmen, who were thus protected from British privateers and, at times, even from frigates, as well as from the attacks of British naval seamen in the small boats of the blockading squadrons. Moreover, the knowledge that a fleet of boats carrying a large gun each lay within a harbor, naturally kept the British from bringing their big ships, which needed plenty of sea-room for manœuvres, inside.

But the first encounter between gun-boats and a frigate demonstrated the inefficiency of the boats. On June 20, 1813, the British frigates _Junon_ and _Barossa_, with the sloop _Laurestinus_, were becalmed in Hampton Roads. Seeing them helpless, Captain Tarbell, with a fleet of gun-boats, rowed out to attack them. The bay was smooth, and every condition favored the Yankee boats, but instead of having forty gun-boats to attack one frigate, as the gun-boat theory had proposed, Captain Tarbell had but fifteen. However, on arriving within long range (he did not dare try short range because grape-shot would sink a gun-boat), he anchored his fleet in the form of a crescent around the _Junon_. But no sooner did he come to anchor than the boats swung around with the tide, and he could not fire a gun at the frigate without shooting away his own masts; so he up anchor again, and swinging around almost broadside on to the frigate with his sweeps, began blazing away. The first shot made some of his men wish they hadn’t fired it, and the reason they wished so can be made plain even to a landsman. The boats, as told, were perhaps fifteen feet wide. The cannon each carried was a long thirty-two pounder. This gun was nine feet long, weighed five thousand pounds, and was mounted amidships, with its centre of gravity directly above the boat’s keel. In that position, even when it was swung around to fire over either rail, it did not materially interfere with the stability of the boat if the water was smooth. But the instant it was fired it had to recoil and the whole two and a half tons of iron was hurled with a tremendous thump toward the rail of the boat, and over rolled the boat under the weight and shock of the recoil until “all hands thought she was done for sure enough.”

However, although the danger was imminent, no boat did actually turn over in this fight. But the rolling that was started kept the crew busy with the sweeps for several minutes before another shot could be fired.

Feeble as was the attack, Captain Sanders, of the _Junon_, made a very hasty and ill-directed fire in return, and with the first breath of wind strove to sail clear of the gun-boats. But Captain Sheriff, of the _Barossa_, as soon as he had steerage way, stood for the gun-boats, and by a well-directed fire soon disabled one and struck another, when Captain Tarbell thought best to retreat.

The Americans lost one man killed and two wounded. No losses were reported on the British ships, and it is certain that no material damage was done to them, for the _Junon_ was in Delaware Bay a few days later taking part in another fight with gun-boats.

The only American who at all distinguished himself in this fight was Lieutenant William Bradford Shubrick, who was in the _Hornet_ when she sank the _Peacock_. He commanded the gun-boat that approached nearest to the enemy, covered the retreat of the flotilla, and towed off the disabled boat, so saving it from capture. But he had had enough of gun-boat service, and as soon as possible got himself transferred to the _Constitution_, where he had a chance to see fighting of some consequence.

Meantime, however, he participated in a fight on shore against a landing party of British seamen, marines, and soldiers that ended in one of the most brilliant victories for the Americans known to the war--the victory of Craney’s Island, near Norfolk. This island had been fortified with a battery of eighteen-pounders, but was not ordinarily occupied by troops. It was merely a battery to be manned for the defence of Norfolk, whenever occasion demanded.

The occasion arose when, on June 22, 1813, three British seventy-four-gun ships-of-the-line, one sixty-four-gun ship, four frigates, two sloops, and three transports anchored off the island, and prepared to take possession. At that time the American frigate _Constellation_ was blockaded at Norfolk (where she had been from the first), and her commander, Captain John Cassin, sent one hundred and fifty sailors and marines under Lieutenant H. B. Breckenridge to defend the fort. Lieutenants Neale, Shubrick, and Sanders were under Breckenridge. To whelm this tiny force the British came with seven hundred (James says seven hundred, so there were probably more) men in fifteen boats, the leader of the boats being a launch fifty feet long, called the _Centipede_, which was in charge of Captain Hanchett, of the _Diadem_, an illegitimate son of King George IV. The whole expedition was under the command of Captain Samuel John Pechell, the braggart who, in the _Guerrière_, painted her name on her foretop-sail, and then cruised up and down the Yankee coast, and finally took John Deguyo, an American citizen, from the American brig _Spitfire_ when she was within the waters of New York Harbor on May 1, 1811.

[Illustration: _From a lithograph at the Navy Department, Washington._]

Captain Pechell had asserted his contempt for the American people when in the _Guerrière_, still he was willing that Captain Hanchett should command the first boat to attempt the landing at Craney’s Island. And that was unfortunate, too, for it was Hanchett who got hurt.

The enemy came on with the customary dash of British landing parties, but the Americans held their fire until the boats were within seventy yards, and then the well-charged battery was turned loose. At the first blast a round shot raked the _Centipede_, cutting off the legs of several of the men at the oars, severely bruising the thigh of Captain Hanchett, and sinking the boat. Two other big boats were sunk at the same round, and two more a moment later, but it was so shallow there that the thwarts of three of them were left above the water when they struck bottom. The crews leaped overboard, splashing their way to the other boats, and leaving behind dozens struggling in the throes of death and with the agony of lesser wounds. Seeing the advance checked, a party of the Americans, under Midshipman Josiah Tattnall, waded out among the boats, cutlasses in hand. When he saw Tattnall coming Captain Samuel John Pechell had had enough. He ordered a retreat, and led the way to safety. His hosts followed in disorder, leaving forty prisoners in the hands of the brave Tattnall, who was also able to drag three of the boats ashore.

The comment which the British favorite historian makes on this inglorious retreat of seven hundred men before one hundred and fifty is the only one in his work whose meaning is not entirely clear. He says it was “A defeat as discreditable to those who caused it as it was honorable to those who suffered it. Unlike most other nations, the Americans in particular, the British, when engaged in expeditions of this nature, always rest their hopes of success upon valor rather than on numbers.” What one would really like to know is whether James was writing sarcastically about the manifest cowardice of Pechell, or was he really of the belief that the Americans in this affair had failed to show a proper spirit. For, of course, under an ordinary British officer, not to mention a Chads or a Hope, the seven hundred British would have whelmed the one hundred and fifty Americans, in spite of the slender fortification.

As said, the British frigate _Junon_ got around to the Delaware not long after her brush with the gun-boats in the Chesapeake. The sixteen-gun sloop-of-war _Martin_ was with her, and the _Martin_ grounded on Crow’s Shoal. At that the _Junon_ anchored near the _Martin_, and then came Lieutenant Samuel Angus with eight American gun-boats carrying a thirty-two each and two larger vessels (one-masted) to attack the _Martin_. The Americans were able to accomplish nothing of consequence in their great gun attack, because their powder was worthless. The British shot passed over them when their shot fell short. Still, the truth is, the gun-boats were so frail that the crews never had the heart to make a really vigorous attack on a frigate. But when one of this flotilla happened to drift clear of the rest and the British sent their ships’ boats to attack it, the Yankees made a fight that any nation might be proud of. This unfortunate gun-boat did not even have a name. It was “No. 121.” It was commanded by Sailing-master William W. Sheed, and there was a crew of twenty-five all told and one long thirty-two. The British force numbered one hundred and forty men in seven boats, several of which carried howitzers, under Lieutenant Philip Westphal. Sheed anchored his craft, and as the boats approached opened fire with his big gun. The first shot broke the carriage pintle, and the next ruined the carriage; so the gun became useless. Nevertheless Sheed rallied his little crew with small arms and fought the enemy until overpowered by sheer weight of numbers. But before they were overpowered they killed seven of the one hundred and forty British, and wounded thirteen. The Americans had seven men wounded. Of like character was the defence which Sailing-master Paine made with Gun-boat 160 in St. Andrew’s Sound, near Savannah, when a tender and ten boats, loaded with men and small cannon, attacked him. Paine had but sixteen men to resist nearly two hundred, but he fought them off for twenty minutes and only surrendered when the enemy at last thronged his deck. Paine was promoted for his gallantry.

Captain Joshua Barney, who made himself famous first by thrashing the British cruiser _General Monk_ with a very inferior force in the Pennsylvania State cruiser _Hyder Ali_, during the war of the Revolution, and who, in the early part of the War of 1812, made a two-million dollar cruise against British commerce in a Baltimore clipper, took command of a fleet of gun-boats in Chesapeake Bay in 1813. But nothing of consequence occurred under his command until June, 1814. Then on June 1st he went in chase of two British schooners, and was fast overhauling them by the aid of long oars when a stiff breeze came up from the south and the sea rose so that the gun-boats were useless and he had to retreat. At that the schooners turned on him, but he made such a good fight in spite of the sea, that the schooners were glad to abandon the fight.

[Illustration: Joshua Barney.

_From an engraving of the painting by Chappel._]

On June 7th came a sloop-of-war and a razee to reinforce the enemy. The razee is a style of ship of particular interest to Americans, because it became a favorite with the British in the War of 1812. A razee was a line-of-battle ship with her upper deck cut off. This reduced the number of her guns to about sixty, or perhaps a few less, but the guns left on her were of the heavy kind--long twenty-fours and thirty-twos. The razee became a frigate--_i.e._, a two-deck ship--but with a thickness of timbers and a weight of metal far greater than what the Yankee frigates carried--the “bunches of pine boards” and “the waggons” whose architecture and weight of metal had so amused British writers before the war. Moreover, the razee, having been lightened by removing the upper deck of guns, was said to be a very fast ship.

On the arrival of this addition to the British squadron in the Chesapeake, Captain Barney had his gun-boats in the Patuxent River, a branch of the Potomac. On the morning of June 8, 1814, a British frigate, a brig, two schooners, and fifteen barges were seen coming up the river looking for the Yankees. Captain Barney retreated two miles in order to get into water where the frigate could not follow, and then, at the mouth of St. Leonard’s Creek, anchored his boats in a line across the river.

By 8 o’clock the enemy had arrived at the head of navigation for his largest vessels, and having anchored there, the British barges, fifteen in number, came up to attack Captain Barney. They had placed their largest barge at the head of their line and armed her with iron-headed rockets, which at one time were in great favor with the British. But when Barney put his men into thirteen barges and started down the river, the British thought best to retreat. A second attempt in the afternoon was abandoned under like circumstances, but on the 9th they really burned gunpowder.

“Twenty-one barges, one rocket boat, and two schooners, each mounting two thirty-two-pounders, with 800 men, entered the creek with colors flying, and music sounding its animating strains, and moved on with the proud confidence of superiority. Barney’s force consisted of thirteen barges, and 500 men--his sloop and two gun-vessels being left at anchor above him, as unmanageable in the shoal water--but he did not hesitate a moment to accept the challenge offered, and gave the signal to meet the enemy, as soon as they had entered the creek. They commenced the attack with their schooners and rockets, and in a few minutes every boat was engaged; the Commodore in his barge with twenty men, and his son, Major William B. Barney--who, in a small boat, acted as his aid on the occasion--were seen rowing about everywhere in the most exposed situations, giving the necessary orders to the flotilla; the action was kept up for some time with equal vigor and gallantry, but at length the enemy, struck with sudden confusion, began to give way, and turning their prows, exerted all their force to regain the covering ships. They were pursued to the mouth of the creek by the flotilla with all the eagerness of assured victory; but here lay the schooner of eighteen guns, beyond which it was impossible to pass without first silencing her battery, and for this purpose the whole fire of the flotilla was directed at her. She made an attempt to get out of the creek, and succeeded so far as to gain the protection of the frigate and sloop-of-war, but so cut to pieces, that, to prevent her sinking, she was run aground and abandoned. The two larger vessels now opened a tremendous fire upon our gallant little flotilla, during which they threw not less than seven hundred shot, but without doing much injury. The flying barges of the enemy having thus succeeded in recovering their safe position under the heavy batteries of the ships, the flotilla was drawn off, and returned to its former station up the creek.

“That the enemy suffered severely in this engagement was too manifest to be denied, even if their own subsequent conduct had not clearly proved the fact. Several of their boats were entirely cut to pieces, and both schooners were so damaged as to render them unserviceable during the remainder of the blockade--they had a number of men killed, and we have learned from an eye-witness of the fact, that the hospital rooms of the flag-ship, were long afterward crowded with the wounded in this engagement. On the part of the flotilla, not a man was lost--one of the barges was sunk by a shot from the enemy, but she was taken up again on the very day of the action, and two days afterward was as ready as ever for service.

“On the first day of these repeated attacks, an incident occurred which is well worthy of being recorded. One of the enemy’s rockets fell on board one of our barges, and, after passing through one of the men, set the barge on fire--a barrel of powder, and another of musket cartridges, caught fire and exploded, by which several of the men were blown into the water, and one man very severely burned, his face, hands, and every uncovered part of his body, being perfectly crisped. The magazines were both on fire, and the commander of the boat, with his officers and crew, believing that she must inevitably blow up, abandoned her, and sought safety among the other barges. At this moment Major Barney, who commanded the cutter _Scorpion_, and whose activity and intrepidity as aid to the Commodore in the last day’s action we have already noticed, hailed his father and asked his permission to take charge of the burning boat. The Commodore had already ordered an officer upon that duty, but as his son volunteered to perform it, he recalled his order and gave him the permission solicited. Major Barney immediately put himself on board, and by dint of active labor in bailing water into the boat and rocking her constantly from side to side, he very soon succeeded in putting out the fire and saving the boat.

“After the severe chastisement inflicted upon them for their last attempt, the enemy made no farther effort to disturb the tranquillity of the flotilla, but contented themselves with converting the siege into a blockade, by mooring in the mouth of the creek, where they were soon reinforced by another frigate. Having come to this resolution, they turned their attention to the plunder of the surrounding country, in which frequent experience had given them expertness. Tobacco, slaves, farm-stock of all kinds, and household furniture, became the objects of their daily enterprises, and possession of them in large quantities was the reward of their achievements. What they could not conveniently carry away, they destroyed by burning. Unarmed, unoffending citizens were taken from their very beds--sometimes with beds and all--and carried on board their ships, from which many of them were not released until the close of the war.

“In this state of things, the Secretary of the Navy despatched a hundred marines, under the command of Captain Samuel Miller, with three pieces of cannon, to the assistance of Commodore Barney. The Secretary of War also sent Colonel Wadsworth, with two pieces of heavy artillery, and ordered about 600 of the regular troops to be marched to St. Leonard’s Creek for the same purpose. The militia of Calvert County had been already called out, but like most other troops of that class, they were to be seen everywhere but just where they were wanted--whenever the enemy appeared they disappeared; and their commander was never able to bring them into action.

“Upon the arrival of Colonel Wadsworth, on June 24th, a consultation was held between him and the Commodore, to which Captain Miller of the Marines was invited; it was decided by these officers, that a battery and furnace should be erected on the commanding height near the mouth of the creek, upon which the colonel’s two eighteen-pounders should be placed, and that, on the 26th before daylight, a simultaneous attack should be made by the flotilla and battery upon the blockading ships. The Commodore placed one of his best officers, Mr. Groghegan (a sailing-master), and twenty picked men, under the command of Colonel Wadsworth, for the purpose of working his two guns.

[Illustration: MAP OF CHESAPEAKE BAY, to Illustrate the Taking of WASHINGTON by the British, August 14, 1814.]

“On the evening of the 25th, after dark, the Commodore moved with his flotilla down the creek, and at early dawn of the 26th they were gratified and cheered by the sound of the guns from the opening battery on the height. The barges now seemed to fly under the rapid strokes of the oar, and in a few minutes reached the mouth of the creek, where they assumed the line of battle, and opened fire upon the moored ships. Their position was eminently critical and hazardous, but this in the view of the gallant souls on board only rendered it the more honorable. They were within four hundred yards of the enemy; and the mouth of the creek was so narrow as to admit no more than eight barges abreast. The men were wholly unprotected by any species of bulwark, and the grape- and canister-shot of the enemy, which were poured upon them in ceaseless showers, kept the water around them in a continual foam. It was a scene to appall the inexperienced and the faint-hearted; but there were few of these among the daring spirits of the flotilla. In this situation, the firing was kept up on all sides for nearly an hour. The Commodore was then surprised and mortified to observe that not a single shot from the battery fell with assisting effect, and that the whole fire of the enemy was directed against his boats. Shortly afterward the battery, from which so much had been expected, became silent altogether, and the barges were hauled off as a matter of consequent necessity. Three of our barges, under the respective commands of Sailing-masters Worthington, Kiddall, and Sellars, suffered very much in the action, and ten of their men were killed and wounded.

“A few minutes after the flotilla had retired, it was perceived that the enemy’s frigates were in motion, and in a little time the whole blockading squadron got under way and stood down the river. One of the frigates, it was observed, had four pumps constantly at work. This movement on the part of the enemy spoke pretty plainly their opinion of “Barney’s flotilla;” it was very evident that they had seen quite as much of him as they desired to see. The way being thus unexpectedly opened to him, the Commodore immediately left the creek, and moved up the Patuxent River.

“On the night after the engagement the flotilla was anchored opposite the town of Benedict, on the Patuxent. As they were moving up the river, Captain Miller of the Marines went on board the Commodore’s boat, and gave him the first information he had received from the ineffective battery. It appears that Mr. Groghegan, on the evening of the 25th, waited upon Colonel Wadsworth, to receive instructions as to the place where the two guns were to be stationed; the colonel replied to his inquiry in these words: “As you are to command and fight them, place them where you please!” The officer immediately set to work with his men, and began to construct his battery on the summit of the hill which completely commanded the ships. He continued at work all night and had nearly finished his platform when, about 1 A.M., Colonel Wadsworth came upon the ground, and after examining the work, declared “that his guns should not be put there--that they would be too much exposed to the enemy!” Having given this as his only argument, he ordered a platform to be made in the rear of the summit. As there could be no disputing his orders, he was obeyed, of course, and the consequence was, that the guns, being placed on the declivity, must either be fired directly into the hill, or be elevated, after the manner of bombs, so high in the air as to preclude the possibility of all aim, and rendered them utterly useless. At the very first fire, the guns recoiled half way down the hill, and in this situation they continued to be fired in the air, at random, until the colonel gave orders to have them spiked and abandoned.”

[Illustration: The Flag of Fort McHenry--After the British Attack in 1814.

_From a photograph at the Naval Academy, Annapolis._]

The above quotations are from Mary Barney’s “Memoir of Commodore Barney.” The British were driven away for the time, but they returned in August, having determined to attack the American capital. Under orders from Washington Captain Barney burned his fleet, and with his men, some four hundred in number, joined the army assembled to defend the capital. They made the best fight of any body of men there when the final fight came, and Barney received a wound from which he never fully recovered, although he lived several years longer. The new forty-four-gun frigate _Columbia_ and the sloop-of-war _Argus_ were burned on the stocks when Washington was taken by the British, besides the old condemned _Boston_ and a lot of ship timber and naval stores. This was, of course, an entirely legitimate destruction. Had the gun-boats been one-half as efficient as their advocates supposed they were, Washington would not have been captured.

[Illustration: The Capture of Washington.

_From an old wood-cut._]

A small-boat fight well worth a paragraph occurred on June 12, 1813, in Chesapeake waters, when all the boats of the British frigate _Narcissus_ were sent, under Lieutenant Cririe, to attack the little United States schooner _Surveyor_, commanded by Sailing master William S. Travis, who had but fifteen men and boys, all told, under him. The _Surveyor_ was lying in York River at the time. The attack was made at night, and the guns of the schooner were useless, because the enemy came at her from points where broadside guns could not be made to bear. Nevertheless, Mr. Travis defended his ship, holding his fire of small-arms until the British were within a few yards. The one discharge killed three of the enemy and wounded seven, a remarkably deadly fire for night-work--but the British host came on, and before the American weapons could be reloaded, the weight of numbers overpowered the gallant little crew. Lieutenant Cririe was so impressed by the bearing of the Americans that he returned the sword of Travis with a highly complimentary letter.

A very interesting fight was made by the Mosquito fleet on July 14, 1813. The American schooners _Scorpion_ and _Asp_, of the Chesapeake Bay defence fleet, each armed with three small guns, were chased by a flotilla of boats from the British blockading squadron. The _Scorpion_ was fleet-winged and escaped up the bay, but the _Asp_ was too slow for that, and took refuge in Yeocomico River. The British followed and were beaten off, but they returned in fire-boats with about one hundred men, and, enraged at this first failure, gave no quarter. The _Asp_ was commanded by Midshipman Sigourney. He was shot through the body at the first attack, but remained on deck in a sitting posture to inspire his men when the enemy returned. And when the enemy had killed or driven overboard all the Americans except Sigourney, a British marine deliberately put his musket to Sigourney’s head and fired, blowing his brains out. Sigourney had served under Lawrence in the _Hornet_ when she sank the _Peacock_, but it is unlikely that the Englishman knew this fact. After setting fire to the _Asp_, the British went away, and then the Americans returned on board and extinguished the fire unmolested.

It is worth noting that on a considerable number of occasions during this war the Englishmen gave no quarter--it is worth noting as showing how greatly they were exasperated by their numerous defeats afloat. Indeed, after Barney’s attack on the _Loire_ and _Narcissus_, British sailors (who were, it must be remembered, commanded by Admiral Sir George Cockburn), in their landing parties, not only robbed the defenceless citizens, but assaulted the women who happened to fall into their hands. And when they captured Washington, they not only destroyed such property as might be destroyed legitimately, but they repeated the universally execrated crime of Alexandria--they repeated the crime of which the fanatical priests of Spain were guilty among the civilized people of Yucatan--they deliberately burned the national library. The Knighted Admiral with his own hands took part in this work of destruction. Allen honors this British officer with a full-page engraving, in his history of the British Navy, only fifteen others being so distinguished in Volume II. of that work.

This is a chapter of small-boat fights, and it is of particular interest to Americans because of the great courage and good fighting ability usually displayed by the Yankee crews. The little schooner _Alligator_ was one that made a good name. Under Sailing-master Bassett, when lying at Cole’s Island, near Charleston, she was attacked at night by six boats loaded with small cannon and seamen. She had but forty men on board, but after a half hour’s fight they drove away the enemy. The British did not report their loss, but one may get an idea of their disorder when they fled, from the fact that one of the attacking cutters was found aground on North Edisto next day, badly cut up, and with the bodies of an officer and a common seaman lying dead nearby. The others had been too much demoralized to care for the wounded, and these two, after the boat drifted ashore, had left it, vainly seeking help, and had died together.

Last of all will be told the story of Sailing-master Lawrence Kearny’s attack on the men of the British frigate _Hebrus_, near Charleston. The _Hebrus_ had sent a lot of men and boats ashore for water, and they had landed out of gunshot from their frigate. So Kearny, with three barges, went after the water-party. The Americans were seen afloat from the _Hebrus_, and signals were at once set and guns fired to recall the water-party. Two boats of that party got outside clear, but a shift of wind enabled the Americans to get between the frigate and a large tender that had been of the water-party.

At that the _Hebrus_ opened fire on the American barges and signalled her two water-boats to return to the aid of the tender. And when her water-boats failed to obey these signals she opened fire on them as well. So near was the frigate at this time that a shot took off the head of a man sitting beside Kearny, but he held fast on his course and captured the tender (a schooner, armed with a carronade and six brass swivels), the big launch of the _Hebrus_ and forty men, all of which were carried off from under the guns of the enraged Englishman. Nor was that all, for a few days later Kearny manned the captured launch with twenty-five men, and rowing out alongside the tender (a schooner) of the British ship _Severn_, he boarded her in spite of the resistance of her crew of more than thirty men, and succeeded in taking her and her crew into port also. “Handsomer exploits of the sort were not performed in the war.”

And the story of the gun-boats is not completed, as will appear in the account of the Navy’s part in the battle of New Orleans.

END OF VOL. II.

APPENDIX TO VOLUME II

PRIZE MONEY AND PAY IN 1812.

The act of April 22, 1800, provided for the distribution of prize money in the sections given below, and it was under this law that the crews of the American ships were paid in the War of 1812.

_Sec. 6. And be it enacted_, That the prize money, belonging to the officers and men, shall be distributed in the following manner:

I. To the commanding officers of fleets, squadrons, or single ships, three twentieths, of which the commanding officer of the fleet or squadron shall have one twentieth, if the prize be taken by a ship or vessel acting under his command, and the commander of single ships, two twentieths; but where the prize is taken by a ship acting independently of such superior officer, three twentieths shall belong to her commander.

II. To sea lieutenants, captains of marines, and sailing masters, two twentieths; but where there is a captain, without a lieutenant of marines, these officers shall be entitled to two twentieths and one third of a twentieth, which third, in such case, shall be deducted from the share of the officers mentioned in article No. 3 of this section.

III. To chaplains, lieutenants of marines, surgeons, pursers, boatswains, gunners, carpenters, and master’s mates, two-twentieths.

IV. To midshipmen, surgeon’s mates, captain’s clerks, schoolmasters, boatswain’s mates, gunner’s mates, carpenter’s mates, ship’s stewards, sailmakers, masters-at-arms, armourers, cockswains, and coopers, three twentieths and an half.

V. To gunner’s yeomen, boatswain’s yeomen, quarter masters, quarter gunners, sailmaker’s mates, serjeants and corporals of marines, drummers, fifers, and extra petty officers, two twentieths and an half.

VI. To seamen, ordinary seamen, marines, and all other persons doing duty on board, seven twentieths.

VII. Whenever one or more public ships or vessels are in sight, at the time any one or more ships are taking a prize or prizes, they shall share equally in the prize or prizes, according to the number of men and guns on board each ship in sight.

No commander of a fleet or squadron shall be entitled to receive any share of prizes taken by vessels not under his immediate command; nor of such prizes as may have been taken by ships or vessels intended to be placed under his command, before they have acted under his immediate orders; nor shall a commander of a fleet or squadron, leaving the station where he had the command, have any share in the prizes taken by ships left on such station, after he has gone out of the limits of his command.

_Sec. 7. And be it further enacted_, That a bounty shall be paid by the United States, of twenty dollars, for each person on board any ship of an enemy at the commencement of an engagement, which shall be sunk or destroyed by any ship or vessel belonging to the United States, of equal or inferior force, the same to be divided among the officers and crew in the same manner as prize money.

_Sec. 8. And be it further enacted_, That every officer, seaman or marine, disabled in the line of his duty, shall be entitled to receive for life, or during his disability, a pension from the United States according to the nature and degree of his disability, not exceeding one half his monthly pay.

No change in the pay of the officers of the navy having been made after the year 1799, the annual amount to which each officer in actual service was entitled during the War of 1812 was:

A captain commanding a squadron of ships $1,200 A captain of a ship of 32 guns and upwards 1,200 A captain of a ship under 32 guns 900 A master commandant 720 A lieutenant commanding 600 A lieutenant 480 A surgeon 600 A sailing master, purser, and chaplain, each 480 A surgeon’s mate 360 A boatswain, gunner, sailmaker, or carpenter 240 A midshipman 228 A seaman 144

The following is a statement of the pay in the British navy during the War of 1812:

In the British navy an admiral of the fleet receives £6 sterling per diem, and is entitled to twelve servants at 32_s._ per month each; an admiral receives £5 sterling per day, and is entitled to ten servants; a vice-admiral, £4 sterling per day, and seven servants; a rear-admiral or commodore with a captain under him, £3 sterling per day while his flag is flying within the limits of his station; a captain of the fleet receives £3 sterling per day, and is entitled to three servants at 32_s._ per month each. Making these various allowances, the annual amount of compensation to officers of the British navy, from the admiral of the fleet down to the commander of a sloop or bomb, is:

Admiral of the fleet $15,624 Admiral 13,831 11 Vice-admiral 11,952 88 Rear-admiral or commodore with a captain under him 10,160 Captain of the fleet 5,122 67 Captain of a 1st rate, 800 to 900 men 3,272 87 Captain of a 2d rate, 650 to 700 men 2,864 Captain of a 3d rate, 600 to 650 men 2,455 11 Captain of a 4th rate, 350 to 450 men 2,045 33 Captain of a 5th rate, 280 to 300 men 1,636 44 Captain of a 6th rate, 125 to 175 men 1,432 Captain of a sloop, 100 men or less 1,227 55

All which is exclusive of indulgences and allowances not known in our service.

INDEX

_Abby Bradford_, merchant-ship, capture of, by the _Sumter_, iv. 412; captured by the frigate _Powhatan_, 413.

_Abellino_, Yankee privateer, captures prizes in the Mediterranean, iii. 343.

_Acasta_, British gun-boat, attacks the _Constitution_, iii. 260.

Acquia Creek, Potomac River, capture of Confederate forts at, iv. 66, 81–83.

_Active_, British brig, captured by the _Hazard_, i. 206.

_Adams_, American frigate, changed to a corvette, iii. 54; Captain Charles Morris in command of, 57; on the coast of Africa, 58; chased by the _Tigris_, 59; scurvy on board, 60; runs on a rock, 61; attacked on the Penobscot, 62; burned, _ib._

Adams, Captain H. A., disloyal conduct of, iv. 117.

Adams, John, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.

Adams, Samuel, and the Boston tea-party, i. 12.

_Adelaide_, Federal transport, iv. 100.

_Adeline_, American brig, recaptured from the British, ii. 74.

_Admiral Duff_, British privateer, blown up by the _Protector_, i. 207.

_Adriana_, American brigantine, Ambassador to Holland sails on, iv. 153.

_Adventure_, British ship, burned by Paul Jones, i. 78.

_Africa_, British ship-of-the-line, ii. 55.

Africa, making the coast of, safe for American traders, iii. 340–358.

_Aiken_, Southern revenue cutter, converted into the Confederate privateer _Petrel_, iv. 93.

_Alabama_, Confederate privateer, off Galveston, iv. 357; known as _No. 290_, 430; Captain Semmes appointed to command, 431; cruises off the Azores, Martinique, Galveston, Cape Town, and the East Indies, 432–436; encounters the _Kearsarge_ at Cherbourg, 436; comparison of their armaments, 437; the fight, 438–441; prizes taken by, 447.

_Alabama_ claims, iv. 430.

_Albatross_, Federal gun-boat, passes the batteries of Port Hudson, iv. 358.

_Albemarle_, Confederate ironclad ram, iv. 456; laid up at Plymouth, N.C., 457; blown up by Lieutenant Cushing, 461.

Albemarle Sound, N.C., a Confederate privateer resort, iv. 94.

_Albert Adams_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by the _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Alden, Captain James, iv. 386.

Alden, Commander James, iv. 314.

_Alert_, British corvette, surrenders to the _Essex_, ii. 42; attempt to rescue from Porter, 43, 44.

_Alert_, British cutter, captures the _Lexington_, i. 119, 120.

Alexander, Captain Charles, i. 66.

_Alexandria_, British frigate, ii. 359.

Alexandria, Red River, Admiral Porter’s squadrons arrive at, iv. 370.

_Alfred_, American flagship, sent to France, i. 130; captured, 132, 133.

Algerian fleet sent after Yankee merchantmen, iii. 341.

Algerian Navy, strength of the, iii. 344.

Algerian pirates encouraged by England, i. 308, 309.

Algiers, Africa, tribute paid to by the United States, iii. 339; by England, 340.

Algiers, Dey of, ransom paid to, i. 309, 310; treatment of Americans by, iii. 340, 341.

Algiers, harbor defences of, iii. 345.

_Allen_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

Allen, Captain William Henry, ii. 360; carries the American Minister to France, 361; sails into the English Channel, _ib._; captures a wine ship from Portugal, 362, 363; encounters the _Pelican_, 362–364; his ship surrendered, 367; dies in Mill Prison Hospital, 371.

Allen, Lieutenant William Howard, takes charge of the ship, ii. 364; continues the fight, 367; killed in an engagement with pirates, iii. 333.

_Alliance_, American frigate, detailed to carry Lafayette home, i. 232; fouls the _Bonhomme Richard_, 234; takes a valuable prize, 236; fires into the _Bonhomme Richard_, 254; flight of Paul Jones on the, 275; cruises on the French coast, 297; narrow escape of, 298; sails from Havana with specie, _ib._; attacked by the _Sybille_, 299; sold, 303.

_Alligator_, American tender, surrendered to the British, iii. 235.

_Alligator_, American schooner, defeats an attack at Cole’s Island, ii. 419.

Alvarado, Mexican port, Commodore Conner attempts to take, iii. 410; captured by Lieutenant Charles G. Hunter, 428.

Alwyn, John C., Lieutenant in the _Java_ fight, mortally wounded, ii. 166, 171, 172.

American citizens in foreign countries, iii. 385, 386.

American commerce, English policy toward, i. 306, 307, 384; protected by Portugal, 307; menace to, iv. 412.

American cruisers in British waters, i. 112–133.

American flag, first salute given to, i. 69; designed, 134; first hoisted, 135; first saluted by a foreign power, 138; protected by Portugal, 307; a shield for an infamous traffic, iii. 361; a Chinese assault on, 380.

American frontier in 1812, ii. 262.

American Navy, first existence of, i. 1; founders of, 37; first ships of, in commission, 39–43; resolutions of Congress founding it, 41; first officers and first ships of, 39–43; origin of the, 1–47; first cruise of the, 48–62; first squadron poorly manned and inefficient, 49–53; along shore in 1776, 63–83; mismanagement in, 159; at the time of the Declaration of Independence, 300; building a new navy, 303; strength of, at commencement of hostilities with France, 315; almost extinct, 396; reduced to a peace footing, 398; discreditable lack of, ii. 26; increase of, 356; development of, from 1815 to 1859, iv. 1–9; personnel of the, in 1859, 24–26; number of men who took part with the Southern States, 27; value of men from Northern ports and the Great Lakes, 36; a nautical curiosity shop, 37; ferryboats as naval ships, _ib._; first great naval expedition of the War of the Rebellion, 168; modern, sketch of, 523–554; in 1885, condition of, 523.

American prisoners in England, i. 122; in Tripoli, 345, 358.

American seamen, impressment of, ii. 18; courage and skill of, 357.

American sea-power in 1812, ii. 21.

American shipping and French cruisers, i. 314.

American squadron, career of the first, i. 60.

Ammen, Captain Daniel, at Port Royal, iv. 163; Commander of the _Patapsco_, 480.

_Amphitrite_, American pilot-boat, attacks a French privateer, ii. 34.

_Amy_, American bark, Blackford, at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548.

_Anacostia_, Federal screw steamer, at Acquia Creek, iv. 81.

Anarchy in the West Indies and along the Spanish Main, iii. 325.

_Andrea Doria_, brig of first American Navy, i. 39; in the first naval battle of the Revolution, 58; ordered to sea, 64; fight with brig _Racehorse_, 68, 69; burned, 70.

Andrews, Major W. S. G., Commander of Fort Hatteras, iv. 107.

Anglo-Saxon aggressiveness, iii. 391.

Anglo-Saxon cheer, the, ii. 308.

Angostura, Venezuela, Commodore Perry arrives at, iii. 329.

Anthracite coal used by blockade-runners, iv. 55.

Antonio, Cape, Captain Kearny of the _Enterprise_ captures pirates near, iii. 331.

_Aquidaban_, Brazilian rebel monitor, iv. 548.

Arbuthnot, Captain James, captured by the _Wasp_, iii. 93–96.

_Arcade_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Archer_, captured by Captain Read of the _Tacony_, iv. 424.

_Argus_, American sloop, ii. 360; carries the American Minister to France, 361; cruises in the English Channel, _ib._; too successful for her safety, 362; encounters _Pelican_, 362, 363; her sails become unmanageable, 364; surrenders, 367; contemporary view of the battle, 369; taken by a prize crew to Plymouth, 371.

_Argus_, American frigate, captures six prizes, ii. 151.

_Argus_, American cruiser, in the attack on Tripoli, i. 374.

_Ariadne_, British man-of-war, captures the _Alfred_, i. 132, 133.

_Ariel_, American schooner, ii. 292.

_Arkansas_, Confederate ram, skirmish in the Yazoo River, iv. 342, 343; machinery gets out of order, 343; attacks Farragut’s squadron, 344.

Arkansas Post, naval force sent to help capture, iv. 351.

_Armada_, British liner, chases the _Wasp_, iii. 92.

Armament and construction of gun-boats, iv. 246.

Armament of battle-ships from 1812 to 1859, iv. 24.

Armor-plated ships, first use of, iv. 9, 10.

Armstrong, Commodore James, surrenders Pensacola Navy Yard to Confederates, iv. 112; suspended for five years, 113.

Arnold, Benedict, invades Canada, i. 84; builds a fleet, 89; fight on Lake Champlain, 92–94; character of, as a fighter, 105.

Arsenals established in New York State, ii. 264.

_Asp_, American ship, ii. 352.

_Atalanta_, British brig, surrenders to the _Alliance_, i. 298.

_Atalanta_, British ship, captured by the _Wasp_, iii. 100.

_Atalanta_, British frigate, ii. 16.

_Atlanta_, formerly the _Fingal_, Confederate ironclad, iv. 488; surrenders to the _Weehawken_, 489.

_Atlanta_, United States cruiser, iv. 533.

_Atlantic_, British letter-of-marque whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 9. See _Essex, Jr._

Audience, an intensely interested, iii. 152.

_Augusta_, Federal ship, in Port Royal squadron, iv. 172.

_Augusta_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Aulick, Captain James, sent to Japan in 1851, iii. 443; recalled on false charges, _ib._

_Avon_, British brig-sloop, captured by the _Wasp_ (3), iii. 93–96.

_Aylwin_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

Bache, Lieutenant G. M., iv. 369.

Badajos, rapacity of English veterans in the streets of, iii. 134.

_Bahama_, British merchant-ship, officers and crew of the _Alabama_ taken in the, to Terceira, iv. 431.

Bahama Islands, a resort for contraband traders in the Civil War, iv. 48.

Bahia, Brazil, Captain Bainbridge paroles his prisoners at, ii. 167, 175.

Bailey, Lieutenant-colonel Joseph, saves Admiral Porter’s squadron, iv. 371–376; receives thanks of Congress, 376.

Bailey, Captain Theodorus, at New Orleans, iv. 316; commands first division of Farragut’s squadron, 324; sent ashore to deliver Farragut’s letter, 338.

Bainbridge, Captain William, i. 316; surrenders to the French frigate _Insurgent_, _ib._; Captain of the _Voluntaire_ refuses to accept his sword, _ib._; deceives the French officer, 317; sent to Tripoli in charge of the _Essex_, 335; chases a Tripolitan corsair, 341; loses his ship on a reef, 343; court-martialed, 344; a prisoner in Tripoli, 345; communicates with American fleet, 346; a shot penetrates his prison, 368; remonstrates with the Navy Department of Madison’s administration, ii. 26; cruising in Brazil, 152; fight with the British frigate _Java_, 153–173; wounded, 155; conducts his ship while his wounds are being dressed, 156; paroles 378 of the _Java’s_ crew, 167; blows up the _Java_, 173; his dream realized, 172, 173; his character illustrated, 177; insulted at Barcelona, iii. 311–313.

Bainbridge, Midshipman Joseph, his duel with the Secretary of Sir Alexander Ball, iii. 307–311; captures a Carthaginian privateer, iii. 65; attacked and captured by the _Orpheus_ and _Shelburne_, 65, 66.

Baker, Captain Thomas H., iv. 89.

Baldwin, Lieutenant, i. 66.

Ball, Sir Alexander, iii. 307.

_Ballard_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

Ballard, Midshipman Edward J., ii. 206.

_Baltimore_, American frigate, five men of the, impressed in the British service, 401.

Bankhead, Captain J. P., at Port Royal, iv. 163.

Banks, General Nathaniel Prentiss, sent on expedition to Shreveport, La., iv. 368.

_Banshee_, the first steel blockade-runner, iv. 57.

Barbary pirates encouraged by England, i. 307; war with, 333, 334.

_Barclay_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 8.

Barclay, Captain Robert H., appears off Erie, ii. 289; fond of festivities, 291; misses the American fleet, 292; opposes Perry, 296; superiority of his ships, 298; determines to meet Perry, 302; awaits the American squadron, 306; fires the first gun, 308; surrenders, 324, 326; loses a second arm in the battle, 330.

Barnard, Captain Tim, iii. 187; captures nineteen prizes, _ib._

Barney, Captain Joshua, sketch of, i. 209–215; has command of the clipper-schooner _Rossie_, ii. 245; captures by, 246–248; commands a fleet in Chesapeake Bay in 1813, 403; attacked by the British on the Patuxent River, 403–409; Captain Samuel Miller and Colonel Wadsworth sent to his assistance, 409, 410; moves up the Patuxent River, 413; burns his fleet, 414; wounded, 416.

Barney, Major William B., acts as aid to his father, ii. 406; in command of cutter _Scorpion_, 408.

_Barossa_, British frigate, ii. 395.

Barreaut, Captain, chases American ships, i. 316; recalled by Captain St. Laurent, 317–319.

Barriers on the Mississippi to prevent Farragut’s advance, iv. 320; broken down by the _Itasca_, 323.

Barron, Captain James, sent to Tripoli in charge of the _President_, i. 335; with Stephen Decatur, iii. 318–322; restored to active service, 323.

Barron, Captain Samuel, sent to Tripoli in charge of the _Philadelphia_, i. 335.

Barron, Flag Officer Samuel, captured at Fort Hatteras, iv. 106.

Barry, Captain John, i. 39; commands American brig _Lexington_, 63; cruises off Virginia capes, 64; encounters British tender _Edward_, 64; sinks the _Effingham_, 188; captures and destroys the schooner _Alert_, 189, 190; appointed to the _Raleigh_, _ib._; chases the Unicorn, 191; loses the _Raleigh_, 194.

Bashaw of Tripoli, treachery of, i. 335, 336; refuses to make a treaty, 340; agrees to give up prisoners, 378.

Bassett, Lieutenant F. S., opinion of Commodore Hopkins, i. 61.

Batteaux, travelling in, ii. 263.

Battle of Bunker Hill, i. 26; Champlain, 92–111; of Fort Pillow, iv. 298; of Grand Gulf, 367; of Lake Erie, ii. 309–325; of Lexington, i. 14; of Memphis, iv. 298–307; of New Orleans (in the Civil War), 326–340; of Pittsburg Landing, 284.

Baton Rouge surrenders to Captain Craven of the _Brooklyn_, iv. 340.

_Baudara de Sangare_, a private vessel, captured by the _Shark_, iii. 332.

Baury, Lieutenant Frederick, iii. 81.

Bay Point. See _Fort Beauregard_.

Bazely, Lieutenant John, captures the _Lexington_, i. 119, 120.

_Beagle_, American ship, captures Cape Cruz, iii. 334.

_Beaufort_, Confederate gun-boat, takes crew off the _Congress_ after she surrenders to the _Merrimac_, iv. 208.

_Beauregard_, Confederate ram, attacks the _Queen of the West_ at Fort Pillow, iv. 301; rammed and sunk by the _Monarch_, 302.

Bell, Henry H., iv. 314.

Belligerent ships, rules and orders regarding, issued by British Government, iv. 411.

Belligerents, rights of, iv. 86.

Belmont, on the Mississippi, battle at, iv. 251; the Confederates compel Grant to retreat, 252.

_Belvidera_, British frigate, encounters the _President_, ii. 29; escapes, 32.

_Ben. Dunning_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Benham, Admiral A. E. K., prompt action of, at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548.

Bentham, Commander George, attacks the _General Armstrong_ in the harbor of Fayal, iii. 187–199; sets fire to the _Armstrong_, 200.

_Benton_ snag-boat, converted by Eads into an armored vessel, iv. 246–249.

_Benton_, Porter’s flagship before Vicksburg, iv. 363.

_Benton_, Federal gun-boat, Lieutenant-commander J. A. Greer, iv. 369.

_Berceau_, French frigate, fights with the _Boston_, i. 328; returned to France, 330.

Beresford, Captain John Poer, recaptures the _Frolic_ from the _Wasp_, ii. 118.

Berkeley, British minister at Washington, recalled and promoted, ii. 2.

Bermudas a basis for contraband trade during the Civil War, iv. 48.

_Betsey_, British bark, captured by Captain Alexander, i. 66.

Biddle, Captain Nicholas, i. 64; commands the _Randolph_, 160; attacks the _Yarmouth_, 162.

Biddle, James, Lieutenant on the _Wasp_ (No. 2), ii. 111; leads the boarders, _ib._; hauls down the flag of the _Frolic_, 112; appointed to command the _Hornet_, iii. 272; commands the _Macedonian_, 331; sent to the Pacific Coast, 401; sent to Japan to negotiate a treaty of peace, 440.

_Bienville_, Federal ship, in Port Royal squadron, iv. 172.

_Black Hawk_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.

_Black Prince_, purchased by Naval Committee, i. 39.

Black Rock, near Buffalo, Lieutenant Elliott establishes a navy yard at, ii. 273.

_Black Snake_, British gun-boat, iii. 126.

Blake, Captain H. C., iv. 432.

Blakely, Master-commandant Johnston, ii. 375; fights with the _Reindeer_ and the _Avon_, iii. 85–96; captures the _Atalanta_, 100; lost with his ship, 103.

Blockade-runner, legal status of, iv. 57, 58.

Blockade-runners, chiefly in the hands of the British, iv. 48; reckless loading of, 61; profits of, 63, 64.

Blockading the Southern ports, iv. 28–30; no force available to blockade at the beginning of the war, 32; lack of ships and men, 34; Congress slow to appreciate the need of a navy, 35.

“Blood is thicker than water,” iii. 381, 382.

Blythe, Captain Samuel, attacks the _Enterprise_, ii. 375; killed, 379; buried at Portland, 385.

Board of Admiralty, i. 158.

Boggs, Commander Charles S., iv. 314.

_Bolton_, American bomb-brig, i. 56.

_Bonhomme Richard_, American ship, i. 227; origin of the name, 228; fitted out by Jones, 229; mixed crew of, 230; Richard Dale as master’s mate on, _ib._; the _Alliance_ runs foul of, 234; accident to, 235; meets the _Serapis_, 243; fight with the _Serapis_, 245–259; comparative strength of the two ships, 265; after the surrender, 269–272; sinking of the ship, 272.

_Bonita_, American schooner, in attack on Alvarado, iii. 410.

_Bonne Citoyenne_, British war-ship, blockaded in the harbor of Bahia, ii. 179; cowardice of Captain Greene, 180.

_Borer_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

_Boston_, American frigate, i. 286, 287.

_Boston_, American ship, fights the _Berceau_, Captain Senez, i. 328, 329.

Boston Port Bill, i. 13.

Boston, tea destroyed in harbor of, i. 13; press-gang riots in, 395.

_Boston_, United States cruiser, iv. 533.

Boutelle, Mr., of the Federal Coast Survey, replaces the buoys at Port Royal, iv. 171.

Bowling Green, Kentucky, Confederate position at, untenable after surrender of Fort Henry, iv. 266.

_Boxer_, British brig, attacks the _Enterprise_, ii. 375; surrenders, 379; crew of, 382; decision of the British court on the loss of the, 384.

_Bragg_, Confederate ship, captured at Fort Pillow, iv. 302.

Breckenridge, General, attacks the Federal forces at Baton Rouge, iv. 344.

Breese, Lieutenant-commander K. R., iv. 369.

Breeze, Chaplain, on the _Lawrence_ in the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 317.

British Government, attitude of the, toward African pirates, iii. 340.

British grab at the Valley of the Mississippi, iii. 229, 230.

British merchants and the American war, i. 112.

British Navy in American waters, i. 195.

British waters, rights of belligerents in, iv. 411.

Brock, Sir Isaac, his view of the English possession of America, ii. 279.

_Broke_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

Broke, Captain Philip Vere, Commodore British squadron, ii. 55; challenges Lawrence of the _Chesapeake_ to fight, “ship to ship,” ii. 203, 204; boards the _Chesapeake_, 214; is wounded, 217; becomes delirious, 221, 225; made a baronet, 226; death of, 229.

Brooke, Lieutenant John M., assigned to assist in designing an ironclad, iv. 184.

_Brooklyn_, screw sloop, iv. 314.

_Brooklyn_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 386.

Brown, Lieutenant George, iv. 389.

Brown, Captain Isaac N., iv. 342; skirmish with the Federal fleet in the Yazoo River, _ib._; attacks Farragut’s squadron, 344; supports Breckenridge at Baton Rouge, _ib._

Brown, Lieutenant James, ii. 217.

Browne, Lieutenant G. W., iv. 370.

Brownson, Captain Willard H., at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548; on the coast of Mexico, 553.

Bruinsburg, Federal army crosses from, to Grand Gulf, iv. 364.

Bryant, Captain N. C., before Fort Pillow, iv. 290.

Buchanan, Flag Officer Franklin, iv. 188; his difficulty in finding a crew, 195; wounded, 210; his report of the fight, _ib._; Confederate fleet of, at Mobile, 380; sends the _Tennessee_ into action, 399; wounded, 402.

Budd, Lieutenant George, ii. 206, 218.

Bullock, Commander James D., supervises construction of the _Alabama_, iv. 430.

Bunker Hill, battle of, i. 26.

_Bunker Hill_, American privateer, ii. 394.

Burleton, Admiral Sir George, chases the _Hornet_, iii. 282.

Burnside, General A. E., sent to capture Roanoke Island, iv. 109.

_Burrows_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

Burrows, Lieutenant William, appointed to command the _Enterprise_, ii. 375; encounters the _Boxer_, 375–377; is mortally wounded, 377; receives the surrender of the _Boxer_, 379.

Bushnell, David, invents first American submarine torpedo boat, i. 164; sketch of his life, 180–184.

Butler, General Benjamin F., sent to attack the forts on Hatteras Islands, iv. 100; his report at, 107; occupies New Orleans, 338, 339; his plan for blowing up Fort Fisher, 508–510.

_Byron_, Captain of, chased by the _President_, ii. 29–32.

_Cabot_, brig of first American Navy, i. 39; commanded by Captain Elisha Hinman, i. 66; fired by her captain, 163.

_Cairo_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245; Captain N. C. Bryant commands, 290; runs by torpedoes in the Yazoo River expedition, iv. 350.

Calbreth, Peter, one of the capturers of the _Margaretta_, i. 17.

Caldwell, Lieutenant C. H. B., iv. 314; breaks barriers across the Mississippi, 323.

_Caleb Cushing_, Federal revenue cutter, cut out and burnt by the _Archer_, iv. 424.

_Caledonia_, British brig, captured by Lieutenant Elliott, ii. 279.

California, a bone of contention between Americans and English, in 1842, iii. 387, 388; operations that insured the acquisition of, iii. 387, 388.

Canada invaded by American troops, i. 84; annexation of, agitated in 1812, ii. 20; invasions of, for resenting British aggressions, ii. 263.

Canning, British prime minister, diplomacy of, in regard to the _Chesapeake_ affair, ii. 1.

Canton, China, American fleet sent to, to protect American interests, iii. 380.

Cape Cruz, South America, a pirate resort captured by the _Greyhound_ and _Beagle_, iii. 334.

Carden, Captain John Surnam, i. 389; cruel treatment of sailors, _ib._; cruises in the Azores, ii. 121; falls in with the _United States_, 122; fight with, 125–134; Decatur refuses to receive his sword, 139.

Caribbean Sea a nest for pirates, iii. 326.

Carleton, Sir Guy, his supplies captured by Paul Jones, i. 79; confidence of, 85; his fleet at St. John’s, 87; fight on Lake Champlain, 92–94.

_Carleton_, British schooner, ii. 100.

_Carnation_, British brig, attacks the _General Armstrong_ in the neutral port of Fayal, Azores, iii. 187–200.

Caroband Bank, South America, fight between the _Hornet_ and _Peacock_ near, ii. 181.

_Caroline_, American schooner, attacks the British camp at Villeré’s Plantation on the Mississippi, iii. 239; is fired and abandoned, 240.

Carondelet, James B. Eads’s shipyard at, iv. 243.

_Carondelet_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245, 369; goes aground outside Fort Henry, 265; gets free, 266; shells Fort Donelson, 268, 271; disabled before Fort Donelson, 271; gun bursts on, 272; in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, 363.

Carronades, description and value of, ii. 36–38.

Carronades (short guns) out of use, iii. 141.

Carrying trade of the Mediterranean, England’s tribute to the Dey of Algiers for, iii. 340; after the War of 1812, _ib._

Cassin, Lieutenant Stephen, iii. 139.

_Castilian_, English brig-sloop, iii. 93.

_Catherine_, British ship, captured by Lieutenant Downes, iii. 10.

Cat-o’-ninetails used to enforce orders on British ships, i. 389.

_Catskill_, Federal ironclad, iv. 480.

_Cayuga_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 314.

_Centipede_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

_Centipede_, British launch, ii. 398; sunk, 400.

Ceremonies connected with first American fleet, i. 44–46.

_Ceres_, British man-of-war, captures the _Alfred_, i. 132, 133.

Chads, Lieutenant, in the fight with the _Constitution_, takes command when Captain Lambert is mortally wounded, ii. 165.

Champlain, Lake, naval battle on, i. 92–100; reflections on the battle, 105–111.

Champlin, Stephen, in the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 326; fires the last shot of the battle, 327.

Chandeleur Islands, the British forces arrive at, to attack New Orleans, iii. 230.

Chaplin, Lieutenant J. C., attacks the forts at Acquia Creek, iv. 82.

Charles City, Ark., attack on, by Federal gun-boats and an Indiana regiment, iv. 307.

_Charleston_, United States cruiser, plans of, imported, iv. 531.

Charleston, S. C., defences of, iv. 467; bombardment of, iv. 480–502.

_Charlton_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 14.

_Charwell_, British brig, iii. 110.

Chase, Major W. H., and Colonel Lomax, capture the Pensacola Navy Yard, iv. 112.

_Chasseur_, Baltimore clipper, attacks the _St. Lawrence_, British war-schooner, iii. 204.

_Chatsworth_, American brigantine, slave-ship captured by Lieutenant Foote, iii. 366.

Chauncey, Commodore Isaac, appointed to command the forces on the Great Lakes, ii. 270; attacks Kingston, _ib._; attacks Toronto, 341; attacks Fort George, 342; returns to Sackett’s Harbor, 348; makes another assault on Toronto, 349; Sir James Yeo’s squadron appears, _ib._; jockeying for position, 350; Chauncey opens fire, 351; returns to the attack, 352; misses the great opportunity of his life, 353; operations of, on Lake Ontario, iii. 113–129.

_Cherub_, British war-ship, accompanies the _Phœbe_ in the attack on the _Essex_, iii. 25.

_Chesapeake_, American frigate, built, i. 312.

_Chesapeake_, Lawrence appointed to command of, ii. 197; her crew, 198; the ship reputed to be unlucky, 199; is fitted out for a voyage to intercept British ships, 200; is blockaded by the _Shannon_ in Boston Harbor, 203; goes out to meet the _Shannon_, 1813, 204; crew mutinous, 205; closes down on the _Shannon_, 206; the battle, 209; the _Chesapeake_ is boarded, 214; hand-to-hand fight, 217; the ship is captured, 221; taken to Halifax, 222; comparison of the two ships, 229.

_Chickasaw_, Federal monitor, iv. 386.

_Chickasaw_, Federal gun-boat, shells Fort Gaines, and compels it to surrender, iv. 405.

_Chicora_, Confederate ironclad, built at Charleston, iv. 473; fires on the _Keystone State_ and captures her, 475.

_Chillicothe_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.

Chinese assault on the American flag, a, iii. 380.

Chinese war of 1856, American interests involved in, and fleet sent to protect them, iii. 379–382.

_Chippeway_, British schooner, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 297.

_Chubb_, British ship, disabled and surrenders to Macdonough, iii. 156.

_Chubb_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

_Cincinnati_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245; flagship of Commodore Foote before Fort Henry, 261; Captain R. N. Stembel commands, 289; throws the first shell into Fort Pillow, 293; attacked by Confederate rains, _ib._; the _Mound City_ goes to the rescue of, 294; sinks, _ib._

_Circassian_, blockade-runner, captured off Havana by the Fulton ferryboat _Somerset_, iv. 37.

Civilization promoted by Anglo-Saxon aggressiveness, iii. 391.

_Clarence_, merchant-ship, captured by Captain Maffitt, of the cruiser _Florida_, iv. 424; placed under command of Lieutenant Read, _ib._; burnt, _ib._

Coaling stations, need of, by Federal war-ships in Southern waters, iv. 161.

Cocke, Captain W. H., iii. 333; fired on and killed by a Porto Rican fort, _ib._

Collier, Sir Ralph, K. C. B., iii. 260.

Collins, Captain Napoleon, at Port Royal, iv. 163; commanding the _Wachusett_, captures the _Florida_ in Bahia Harbor, iv. 424.

“Colonial Navy,” distinguished from temporary cruisers, i. 28, 29.

_Colorado_, United States screw frigate, launched, iv. 15.

_Columbia_, American frigate, attacks and bombards the Malay town of Quallah Battoo, iii. 375–379.

_Columbia_, United States cruiser, iv. 534.

Columbiad, description of, iv. 119.

_Columbus_, successful cruise of Captain Whipple in the, i. 66.

_Columbus_, American ship-of-the-line, sent to Japan, iii. 440.

Columbus, Ky., Confederate position at, becomes untenable after surrender of Fort Henry, iv. 266.

Columbus, on the Mississippi, Confederates evacuate, iv. 275.

_Comet_, American privateer, ii. 252.

Commander-in-chief of the Navy, title held by Commodore Hopkins only, i. 62.

_Condor_, blockade-runner, wreck of, at Fort Fisher, iv. 511.

_Conestoga_, merchant-vessel, purchased by Commander Rodgers, iv. 241; Captain Phelps appointed to command, 251.

_Confederacy_, American frigate, i. 287.

_Confederacy_, American packet, captured by the English, i. 298.

_Confiance_, British frigate, iii. 142; flagship of Captain Downie in the battle of Lake Champlain, 153; disabled and surrendered to the _Saratoga_, 165.

_Congress_, American galley, i. 89; Arnold’s, flagship, 99; covers retreat at Crown Point, 104; burned by Arnold, 105.

_Congress_, American frigate, built, i. 312; opens fire on the ironclad _Merrimac_ in Hampton Roads, iv. 200; grounded, 207; two Confederate gun-boats open fire on her, _ib._; Lieutenant Pendergrast surrendered her to the _Merrimac_, 208; hot shot fired at her by the _Merrimac_, 209; her magazine explodes, 215.

Connecticut troops desert, i. 30.

Conner, Commodore David, lands a force at Point Isabel, iii. 409; his fleet not fitted for shallow waters, 410; his conduct of the seige of Vera Cruz, 418.

Connyngham, Captain Gustavus, i. 123; captures prizes on the French coast, 124; commission taken from him, 125; takes command of the _Revenge_, 126; his ship injured, 127; refits in English port, 128; gets provisions in an Irish port, _ib._; sails for America, _ib._; denounced as a pirate, 129; cruel treatment of, in English prison, _ib._

_Constellation_, American frigate, built, i. 312; Captain Thomas Truxton commands, 316, 319; battle with French frigate _Insurgent_, 320; discipline on board of, 322, 323; battle with French frigate _Vengeance_, 323–325; Captain Charles Gordon appointed to command in Decatur’s fleet, iii. 343.

_Constitution_, United States frigate, built, i. 312; flagship in the attack on Tripoli, 367; called a “pine box” by Englishmen, 380; Captain Isaac Hull disputes with the Captain of the British warship _Havana_, ii. 13, 14; is chased by two frigates, _ib._; ship prepares for action, _ib._; frigates retreat, 16; her escape from a British squadron, 53–69; “a bunch of pine boards,” 73; fight with _Guerrière_, 76–95; comparative strength of the two ships, 96; return to Boston, 101; cruising off Brazil, 152; falls in with the _Java_, 153, 155–173; attempt of the _Java_ to board, 158; the London _Times_ on the victory, 176; Lawrence applies for the command of, 197; laid up at Boston, iii. 241; goes to sea again, 242; captures the war-schooner _Picton_, _ib._; falls in with the British frigate _La Pique_, _ib._; the British ship runs away, 243; is chased by the _Junon_ and _Tenedos_, 244; returns to Boston, 245; captures the _Lord Nelson_, _ib._; chases the _Elizabeth_ and captures the _Susan_, _ib._; is chased by the _Elizabeth_ and _Tiber_, 246; fight with the _Cyane_ and _Levant_, 247–256; sails to Porto Praya, 260; attacked by three British frigates, 261; her fighting days over, 268; plan of, iv. 537.

Continental Congress, effect on the, of the British vengeance on Portland, i. 26.

Continental Naval Board, i. 158.

Contraband trade in the Civil War, iv. 48–52.

Cooke, Captain. See _Albemarle_.

_Coquette_, American merchant schooner, plundered by the Porto Rico privateer _Palmira_, iii. 332.

Cornwallis, Lieutenant-general Lord, released from imprisonment in exchange for Henry Laurens, iv. 154.

Corpus Christi, Texas, captured by Farragut, iv. 357.

_Cossack_, Federal transport, iv. 478.

Cottineau, Captain Denis Nicholas, i. 232.

Cotton-mills of the world shut down during the War of the Rebellion, iv. 47.

_Countess of Scarborough_ attacks Paul Jones’s fleet off Flamborough Head, i. 243; surrender to the _Pallas_, 267.

_Couronne_, French ironclad, witnesses the _Alabama-Kearsarge_ fight, iv. 438.

Couthouy, Lieutenant S. P., iv. 369.

Cox, William, midshipman on the _Chesapeake_, ii. 206.

Coxetter, Captain Louis M., iv. 91–93.

Craighead’s Point, shells thrown into Fort Pillow from, iv. 290.

Craney Island, Captain Tattnall fires and blows up the _Merrimac_ on, iv. 236–237.

Craven, Captain Thomas Tunis, iv. 314; sinks with his ship, 394.

Craven, Commander T. A. M., iv. 386.

Crawford, William H., American minister to France, ii. 361.

_Cricket_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.

Crosby, Lieutenant Pierce, iv. 315.

Crown Point, retreat of Benedict Arnold to, i. 103; account of the roads and distances to, from New York, 109.

Crowninshield, George, Jr., privateersman, brings home the bodies of Captain Lawrence and Lieutenant Ludlow, ii. 225.

_Croyable_, French gun-ship, captured off the Delaware, and renamed the _Retaliation_, i. 316, 400.

Cruisers, Confederate, tales of the, iv. 407–451.

_Cuba_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Cumberland_, Federal sailing sloop-of-war, opens fire on the ironclad _Merrimac_, iv. 200; is rammed by the _Merrimac_, 201; in a sinking condition, 202; continues firing as she goes down, 203.

Cumberland Head, Plattsburg Bay, Macdonough’s squadron at, iii. 149.

Dabney, John B., American consul at Fayal, iii. 187; his report on the fight between the _Carnation_ and the _General Armstrong_, 195, 196, 198–201.

Dacres, Captain James Richard, ii. 55; surrenders to Captain Hull, 94.

Dahlgren, Rear-admiral John Adolph, his smooth-bore gun introduced, iv. 489.

Dahlgren, Admiral John A. B., relieves Dupont of his command, iv. 489.

Dale, Commodore Richard, master’s mate on _Lexington_, i. 68; escape of, from English prison, 123; joins Paul Jones’s fleet, 230; resourceful conduct of, 256, 260–262; wounded, 266; gallant conduct on the _Trumbull_, 295–297; placed in command of squadron in the Mediterranean, 334.

Dartmoor Prison, Rev. Joseph Bates imprisoned in, iii. 294.

_Dartmouth_, merchant-ship, tea thrown from, in Boston Harbor, i. 13.

_Dash_, privateer of Baltimore, captures schooner _Whiting_ in Chesapeake Bay, ii. 241.

_Dauphin_, American ship, captured by Algerian pirates, i. 309.

Dauphin Island, Mobile, iv. 379; Federal troops landed on, 385.

“Davids,” torpedo boats, first used at Charleston, iv. 497; derivation of name, 498.

Davis, Captain Charles, relieves Commodore Foote, iv. 289; his inactivity, 293.

Davis, Captain Charles H., replaces the buoys at Port Royal, iv. 171.

Davis, Jefferson, proclamation inviting applications for letters of marque, iv. 85.

Davis, Gunner’s Mate John, heroism of, iv. 110; promoted and honored, 111.

Davyson, Captain Thomas, surrenders to the _Providence_, i. 282, 283.

Dead Sea, exploration of the, iii. 464.

_Deane_, American frigate, with the _Boston_, captures six prizes, i. 284, 287.

Deane, Silas, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36; American commissioner to France with Franklin, i. 117.

De Camp, Commander John, iv. 314.

_Decatur_, American privateer, throws her guns overboard, ii. 75.

Decatur, Lieutenant James, in the attack on the city of Tripoli, i. 361; killed by the Tripolitans, 362.

Decatur, Lieutenant Stephen, Jr., i. 346; captures the _Mastico_, _ib._; sails on the _Mastico_ to set fire to the _Philadelphia_, 348–361; made a captain, 358; in the attack on the city of Tripoli, 361; his encounter with a Tripolitan captain, 363, 364; falls in with the British ships _Eurydice_ and _Atalanta_, ii. 16; cruises in the Azores in the _United States_, 121; encounters the _Macedonian_, 122; fights the second frigate battle of the War of 1812, 125–134; his personal direction of the guns, 128; surrender of the British frigate, 133; ball given to Decatur and his officers in New York, 149; gold medal given by Congress to, 150; transferred to the _President_, iii. 212; ordered to cruise in the East Indies, 215; chased by the British fleet, 216; lightens his ship, 217; addresses his crew, 218; attempts to retreat, 221; ordered to cruise in the South Atlantic, 271; his duelling experiences, 307–315; his fatal duel with Commodore Barron, 318–321; his death, 322; a squadron under his command sent to Africa, 343; his treaty with the Dey, 347–355; compels the Dey to pay indemnity, 355; goes to Tripoli and compels the Bashaw to settle, 357.

_Deerhound_, English yacht, witnesses the _Alabama-Kearsarge_ fight off Cherbourg, France, iv. 438; assists in picking up the crew of the _Alabama_, 441.

_Defence_, Connecticut cruiser, captures two transports, i. 203, 204.

_Defiance_, Confederate ironclad, abandoned by her crew at New Orleans, iv. 337.

De Gama, Saldanha, Brazilian rebel admiral, iv. 548.

_De Kalb_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, first called the _St. Louis_, iv. 245; takes part in capture of Arkansas Post, iv. 351.

_Delaware_, United States frigate, i. 316.

_Demologos_, Fulton’s first steam war-ship, iv. 4, 11.

Desertions from British ships, i. 394.

_De Soto_, Federal boat, added to Ellet’s command, iv. 351; burned, 352.

_Detroit_, American brig, captured by the British, ii. 274; recaptured by Lieutenant Elliott, 276; runs aground on Squaw Island, 278; British again capture her, _ib._; the Americans destroy her, 279.

_Detroit_, United States cruiser, at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548; fires on the _Guanabara_, 553.

_Diadem_, British frigate, strength and armament of, iv. 23.

Diamond Reef, near Cape Hatteras, iv. 165.

Dickenson, Captain James, attacks the _Hornet_, iii. 273; is killed in the fight, 276.

_Diligence_, British schooner, sent to capture Captain Jeremiah O’Brien, i. 23.

_Diligent_, English brig, surrenders to the _Providence_, i. 282, 283.

Discipline on board American frigate _Constellation_, i. 322.

Discord fomented by England between the States of the Union, i. 384.

_Divided We Fall_, American privateer, ii. 253.

_Dixie_, Confederate privateer, iv. 93.

_Dolphin_, American cutter, purchased by Franklin and other commissioners, i. 117.

_Dolphin_, American privateer, ii. 242.

_Dolphin_, United States cruiser, iv. 531.

Donaldson, Commander Edward, iv. 389; of the _Sciota_, 315.

“Don’t tread on me,” the significant motto, i. 2, 46.

Douglas, Hon. Captain George, iii. 247; surrenders, 255.

Douglas, Lord Howard, his views on armor-clad ships, iv. 198.

Downes, Lieutenant John, sent on a cruise in the _Georgiana_, iii. 10; captures by, 10, 11; in the _Essex-Phœbe_ fight, 28; is appointed to command the _Epervier_, 1815, 343; attacks and overpowers the Malays at Quallah Battoo, 373, 374.

Downes, Commander John, iv. 480.

Downie, Captain George, iii. 144, 145; at the battle of Lake Champlain, 153, 154; killed, 165.

Drayton, Captain Percival, at Port Royal, iv. 163; Captain of the _Hartford_, 386; of the _Passaic_, 480.

Drayton, General Thomas F., at Port Royal, iv. 170.

_Druid_, British brig, attacked by the _Raleigh_, i. 131, 132.

_Drummond_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

_Drummond_, British schooner, captured by Chauncey at Lake George, ii. 353.

Drunkenness and debauchery promoted by gun-boats, ii. 394.

_D. Trowbridge_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by the _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Dublin_, British frigate, cruises off Callas, iii. 389.

_Duc de Lauzan_, American frigate, i. 287, 299.

Duckworth, Admiral Sir John T., on the cartel of the _Alert_, ii. 47.

Duddingstone, Lieutenant William, i. 4; shot, 10.

Duelling in the American Navy, iii. 305–323; at Gibraltar, 313, 314.

_Duke of Gloucester_, British ship captured by Americans at Toronto, burned at the attack on Fort George, ii. 346.

Dummy monitor sent adrift by Porter’s men, iv. 357.

Dunmore, Lord, in Chesapeake Bay, i. 35.

Dunovant, Colonel R. M., at Fort Beauregard, iv. 170.

Dupont, Commander Samuel Francis, spikes the guns of San Blas, iii. 402; takes command of a fleet to take possession of Port Royal, iv. 163.

Dynamite cruisers, construction of, iv. 542.

Eads, James B., ship-builder, takes a contract to build seven ironclad gun-boats, iv. 242–244; construction of, described, 245, 246; Eads and Ericsson, 244.

_Eagle_, American sloop, in Macdonough’s squadron, ii. 354; sunk by the British in the Sorel River, 355.

_Eagle_, American sloop, iii. 136, 138.

Earle, Commodore, attempts to capture the _Oneida_ and destroy Sackett’s Harbor, ii. 266, 268.

_Eastport_, Confederate river steamer, captured by Lieutenant Phelps, iv. 267.

_Eastport_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.

_Eben Dodge_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Eclipse_, American merchant-ship, attacked and looted by Malays, iii. 374–376.

_Edinburgh Review_ on the treatment of America by Great Britain, i. 384.

_Edwin_, American merchant-brig, captured by the Dey of Algiers, iii. 341, 351.

_Effingham_, American frigate, sunk, i. 188.

_Eliza_, merchant-schooner, David Porter’s first ship, ii. 33.

_Elizabeth_, British schooner, captured by Porter, iii. 4.

Ellet, Colonel Charles, Jr., converts seven river steamers into rams on the Ohio River, iv. 298; his part in the attack on Fort Pillow, 301.

Ellet, Colonel Charles R., sent by Porter to control the Mississippi between Vicksburg and Port Hudson, iv. 351.

Elliott, Lieutenant Jesse D., sent to Buffalo to purchase vessels, ii. 273; capture of the _Detroit_, 276, 278, 279; in command of the _Niagara_, 292; brings up the gun-boats, 322; criticized for inactivity, 335, 336; acts as second to Commodore Barron in his duel with Decatur, iii. 319; commands the _Ontario_ in an expedition against the Dey of Algiers in 1815, 343.

Elliptical route plan condemned by Admiral Porter, iv. 101.

_Emily St. Pierre_, British merchant-ship, seized by United States cruiser _James Adger_, iv. 58; recaptured by her captain, _ib._

_Enchantress_, merchant-schooner, captured by Confederate privateer _Jefferson Davis_, iv. 91.

_Endymion_, British frigate, attacks the _Prince de Neufchâtel_, American privateer, iii. 202; is defeated, 203; assists in the capture of the _President_, 222.

England, greed of, in dealings with her colonies, i. 4; tries to crush the new republic, 314.

English Navy of 1812 in American waters, ii. 25.

English officers offended by names given to Yankee ships, iii. 313.

English seaman in 1812, ii. 25.

Ensign, naval, first American, i. 46.

_Enterprise_, American brig, sent to South America to put down piracy, iii. 331.

_Enterprise_, American schooner, captures the French privateer _Seine_, i. 330; sent to Tripoli in charge of Lieutenant Andrew Sterrett, 335; battle with the war polacre _Tripoli_, 335; the luckiest, naval ship of the War of 1812, ii. 372; captures eight privateers, 373; cruises in the Mediterranean, _ib._; captures the _Tripoli_ and the ketch _Mastico_, _ib._; changed to a brig and overloaded with guns, 374; drives off English privateers under command of Master-commandant Johnston Blakely, 375; Lieutenant William Burrows takes charge of her, _ib._; cruises for privateers, _ib._; encounters the _Boxer_, _ib._; her commander wounded, and Lieutenant McCall takes his place, 377, 378; the _Boxer_ surrenders, 379; after the battle Master-commandant James Renshaw appointed to command, 386; cruises off the southern coast, _ib._; escapes from a British frigate, _ib._; employed as harbor guard, 387.

_Enterprise_, American sloop, i. 89.

_Epervier_, British brig-sloop, captured by the _Peacock_, iii. 66–71; taken into Savannah by Lieutenant John B. Nicholson, 76–78.

_Epervier_, American ship, lost at sea, iii. 354.

_Era_, Confederate steamer, captured by Federal fleet, iv. 352.

Erben, Captain Henry, at Fort Pillow, iv. 289.

_Ericsson_, a name given to the first monitor, iv. 215.

Ericsson, John, Swedish engineer, his screw propeller, iv. 10; his boat the _Francis B. Ogden_, _ib._; induced to come to America, 11; plans the first screw steamship, 12; Naval Board makes a contract with, for the _Monitor_, 191.

Erie, Pa., chosen as base of operations for gaining control of Lake Erie, ii. 282; ship-building at, 286.

_Espiègle_, British war-brig, chased by Captain Lawrence of the _Hornet_, ii. 181; again chased after sinking the _Peacock_, 190.

_Essex_, American frigate, sent to Tripoli, i. 335.

_Essex_, American frigate, ii. 33; first cruise in War of 1812, 34–50; British frigate _Minerva_ refuses to fight with, 39–41; captures the _Alert_, 41–43; crew of _Alert_ plan a rescue, 44; chased by the _Shannon_, 47; Farragut’s account of the crew, 49; begins her second cruise, Oct. 8, 1812, iii. 1; cruises off Port Praya, 2; captures the brig _Nocton_, 2, 3; dysentery among the crew, 4; panic on board, 6; painted and disguised, 8; captures British whalers, _ib._; refitted from the captured ships, 9; captures the _Atlantic_ and the _Greenwich_, _ib._; captures the _Charlton_, 13; goes into the harbor of Nukahiva to refit, 18–21; an incipient mutiny on, 21; attacked by the _Phœbe_ and _Cherub_, 24–43; losses of, 44; sent to England to be added to the British Navy, 48; her captures, 52; amount of damage done to the enemy, _ib._

_Essex_, Federal armor-plated gun-boat, iv. 249; in the battle of Port Henry, _ib._; disabled, 262; Flag Officer Foote’s warning to his crews about wasting shot, 261; Commander Robert Townsend, 369.

_Essex Junior_, formerly the British whaler _Atlantic_, iii. 12; in the fight between the _Phœbe_ and _Cherub_ against the _Essex_, 33–43; is disarmed and sent to New York, 49.

_Estido_, Algerian brig, captured near Cape Palos by the American Navy, iii. 348.

_Eurydice_, British frigate, ii. 16.

Evans, Surgeon Amos E., ii. 168.

_Experiment_, British frigate, captures the _Raleigh_, i. 194.

_Experiment_, American schooner, i. 330.

Exploring expeditions of the American Navy, iii. 464.

“Export powder,” an inferior quality of gunpowder, ii. 368.

_Fair American_, British brig, driven ashore by the _Hyder Ali_, i. 215.

Fairfax, Lieutenant D. M., takes Mason and Slidell off the _Trent_, iv. 144–146.

Fairfax, Commander D. M., iv. 480.

Falcon, Captain Thomas Gordon, chased by the _Constitution_, iii. 247; surrenders, 252.

Falmouth (now called Portland), Maine, attacked by British, i. 24–26, 32.

_Fame_, privateer of Salem, ii. 241.

_Fanny_, successful blockade-runner, iv. 63.

Farragut, Commodore David Glasgow, midshipman on the _Essex_, ii. 40; his wit saves a rescue of the _Alert_ by her crew, 44; his account of the crew of the _Essex_, 49; as captain when only twelve years old, iii. 12, 13; resumes his studies at Nukahiva, 19–21; his account of the fight of the _Essex_ with the _Phœbe_ and _Cherub_, 40–42; in his home at Norfolk, Va., 1862, awaiting orders, iv. 311; a member of the Naval Retiring Board, 313; suggested by Porter as a suitable commander of the New Orleans expedition, 313; accepts the position, 314; ships in his squadron, 314, 315; disguises his ships, 317; advances past the barriers, 324–330; demands surrender of New Orleans from Mayor Monroe, 338; pressed by the Administration to open up the Mississippi, 341; his bold cruise practically fruitless, 342; his fortune in the Gulf of Mexico, 357; runs his squadron past the works of Port Hudson, _ib._; captures Galveston and Corpus Christi, _ib._; losses in his fleet, 358; watches Confederates strengthen their works at Mobile, 384; moves his fleet up to Fort Morgan, 389; commences the battle, 392; disregards the torpedoes, 396; lashed to the mast, _ib._; wins the battle when the _Tennessee_ surrenders, 403; in his report gives special praise to members of his fleet, _ib._; his place in history, 465.

Faunce, Captain John, iv. 99.

Federal Government, its great aim to strangle and starve the Confederates, iv. 239.

Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, Porter visits and communicates with Bainbridge at, iii. 3; Captain Semmes allowed to make his headquarters there, iv. 527.

Ferryboats as successful naval ships, iv. 37.

_Finch_, British gun-boat, iii. 143; disabled in the battle of Lake Champlain, 161.

_Fingal_, Scotch iron steamer, erected into a Confederate ironclad, iv. 486; renamed the _Atlanta_, 488.

Fitch, Colonel, attacks Charles City, Ark., iv. 307; storms and captures it, 308.

Flag. See _American Flag_.

_Flag_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

_Flambeau_, French privateer, captured by the _Enterprise_, ii. 373.

Flamborough Head, naval fight between the _Serapis_ and _Bonhomme Richard_ near, i: 243.

Flannen Islands, the _Alliance_, of Paul Jones’s fleet, captures a valuable prize off the coast of, i. 236.

Flores, General José Maria, paroled by Commodore Stockton, iii. 397; breaks his parole, _ib._

_Florida_, Confederate cruiser built at Liverpool, iv. 416; her first voyages, 417; Captain John Newland Maffitt appointed to command of, 418; is fired at by Captain Preble of the _Winona_, 419; escapes, _ib._; blockaded by the _Cuyler_, 420; runs the blockade, 423; Captain Charles M. Morris appointed to command of, 424; rammed by the _Wachusett_ and taken to the United States, _ib._; scuttled at Newport News, 429.

_Fly_, schooner of first American Navy, i. 40.

Foote, Admiral Andrew Hull, Lieutenant on the American brig _Perry_, sent to Africa to assist in putting down the slave traffic, iii. 363; his sincere desire to stop the traffic, 364; captures the slave-ships _Martha_ and _Chatsworth_, 364–366; the “original prohibitionist of the navy,” 367; is sent to Canton to protect American interests, 380; is fired on by the Chinese forts, _ib._; bombards and captures the forts, 380, 381; relieves Commander John Rodgers of his command on the Mississippi, iv. 250; assembles a fleet at Paducah, 255; inspects the crews, 256; seeming insolence of Captain Walke to, 266; joins the expedition to Fort Donelson, 268; is seriously wounded, 271; again, 272; is relieved by Captain Charles H. Davis, 289.

_Forest Queen_, Federal army transport, in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, iv. 364.

Fort Beauregard, on Bay Point, Charleston, S. C., Confederate fort at Port Royal, iv. 169, 467.

Fort Donelson, strength of, iv. 268; arrival of the _Carondelet_, _ib._; the _St. Louis_, _Louisville_, and _Pittsburg_ arrive before, 271; all three ships disabled, _ib._; the fleet at a disadvantage, 272; surrendered to General Grant, _ib._

Fort Erie, the Coney Island of Buffalo, ii. 273.

Fort Fisher, N. C., capture of, iv. 503–518; fortifications of, 505; General Butler’s plan of capture, 508–514; garrison of, 514.

Fort Gaines shelled by Federal gun-boat _Chickasaw_, iv. 405.

Fort George attacked by the Americans under Winfield Scott, ii. 342–344; Scott hauls down the British flag, 344.

Fort Gregg, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.

Fort Henry, Tennessee River, Foote assembles a fleet at Paducah to attack, iv. 255; troops under Grant proceed up the river, _ib._; storm clears the river of torpedoes, 256; attacked by Foote’s fleet, 261–266; a victory for the gun-boats, 266; its importance to both armies, _ib._

_Fort Hindman_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.

Fort Jackson, Confederate fortification on the Mississippi, iv. 318; bombardment of, 322–324; surrendered to Porter, 339.

Fort Johnson, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.

Fort Morgan, iv. 385, 386, 389.

Fort Moultrie, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.

Fort Pillow, Federal fleet advances to, iv. 289; evacuated by Confederates, 298.

Fort Pinckney, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.

Fort Ripley, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.

Fort Sumter, five monitors open fire on, iv. 491; bombarded and reduced to a wreck, 493.

Fort Wagner, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467, 469, 490.

Fort Walker, on Hilton Head, Confederate fort at Port Royal, iv. 169.

Fortress Monroe, the _Monitor_ retires to, after the fight with the _Merrimac_, iv. 226.

_Forward_, American schooner, in attack on Alvarado, iii. 410.

_Forward_, filibuster craft, cut out by Lieutenant Brownson of the United States frigate _Mohican_, iv. 553.

Foster, Lieutenant-commander J. P., iv. 369.

Foster, General John G., Captain Flusser appeals to him to go and burn the Confederate ironclad _Albemarle_, iv. 454.

Fox, Augustus V., appointed assistant to Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, iv. 35.

_Fox_, Captain W. H. Cocke, iii. 333.

Foxardo affair, the unfortunate, iii. 337, 338.

France, United States Government abrogates all treaties with, July 7, 1798, i. 314.

_Francis B. Ogden_, Ericsson’s model boat, attains speed of ten miles an hour, iv. 10; Captain Stockton makes a trip on, _ib._

Franklin sails for France on the _Reprisal_, i. 114.

Franklin, Sir John, American expedition sent to search for the remains of, iii. 464.

_Franklin_, American schooner, captures ten vessels and Governor Wright of St. John’s, i. 203; captures a quantity of war supplies, _ib._

_Freeborn_, Federal steamer, at Acquia Creek, iv. 81.

“Free trade” before “sailors’ rights,” the motto of Washington politicians in 1812, ii. 18.

_Freely_, Confederate privateer, iv. 93.

Frémont, John C. (“the Pathfinder”), takes possession of San Diego, iii. 394; commands in the Mississippi Valley, iv. 241.

French cruisers destroy American shipping, i. 314.

French troops enter Mexico, iv. 367.

_Friendship_, American ship, attacked and looted by natives of Sumatra, iii. 368.

_Frolic_, American sloop, built at Portsmouth, N. H., in 1814, iii. 64; Master-commandant Joseph Bainbridge appointed to, 65: sinks a Carthagenian privateer, _ib._; encounters the British frigate _Orpheus_ and schooner _Shelburne_, _ib._; surrenders, 66.

_Frolic_, British brig, encountered by the _Wasp_, ii. 106; captured by the _Wasp_, 107–112; comparison between the ships, 116; recaptured by the _Poictiers_, 118.

Frontier posts retained by England contrary to treaty, i. 383; posts used as Indian headquarters, _ib._

Fry, Captain Joseph, capture of, iv. 308; captured and executed by the Spaniards in the _Virginius_ expedition, _ib._

Fulton ferryboat _Somerset_ captures the blockade-runner _Circassian_ off Havana, iv. 37.

Fulton, naval plans of, iv. 3, 4; his first steam war-ship, the _Demologos_, 4; report of commissioners appointed to examine her, 7, 8; blown to pieces, 9.

_Fulton 2d_, launched in 1887, iv. 11.

Gadsden, Christopher, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.

_Gaines_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 380.

_Galatea_, British frigate, chased by the _Congress_ and _President_, ii. 151.

_Galena_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389.

_Gallinipper_, American barge, captures a pirate schooner, iii. 335.

Galveston, Texas, blockaded by the _South Carolina_, iv. 44; bombarded by Captain James Alden of the Federal frigate _South Carolina_, 121; the foreign consuls protest against the bombardment, 123; captured by Farragut, 357; is retaken by the Confederates, _ib._

Gamble, Lieutenant Peter, killed in the battle of Lake Champlain, iii. 157.

_Gaspé_, captured by men armed with paving-stones, i. 9.

_Gazelle_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.

Geisinger, Midshipman David, placed in charge of the captured ship _Atlanta_, iii. 100.

_General Armstrong_, American privateer schooner, iii. 186; owned by New York men, _ib._; under Captain Tim Barnard captures nineteen prizes, 187; sails from New York under command of Captain Samuel C. Reid, _ib._; arrives at Fayal and encounters the _Carnation_, _Plantagenet_, and _Rota_, _ib._; is attacked by boats from the three ships, but beats them off, 189; scuttled and abandoned by her crew, 200.

_General Bragg_, Confederate gun-boat, rams the _Cincinnati_ at Fort Pillow, iv. 293; raked by the _Carondelet_, 294; surrenders, 302.

_General Monk_, British ship, attacked and captured by the _Hyder Ali_, i. 209–215.

_General Pike_, American ship, burned at the attack on Fort George, ii. 346.

_General Price_, Federal ram, in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, iv. 364.

_General Rusk_, Confederate steamer, blockaded in Galveston by the Federal frigate _Santee_, iv. 137.

_Georgiana_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 8.

Gerdes, F. H., Federal coast surveyor at New Orleans, iv. 322.

German troops hired by England to fight in America, i. 32.

Ghent, terms and conditions of the treaty of, iii. 209.

Gherardi, Commander Bancroft, iv. 389.

_Gibraltar_, formerly the _Sumter_. See _Sumter_.

Gibraltar, duels between American and English officers at, iii. 311–313.

Gillis, Captain John P., iv. 99; of the _Seminole_ at Port Royal, 163.

_Glasgow_, British sloop-of-war, fight with Commodore Hopkins’s American squadron, i. 59.

_Globe_, American privateer, ii. 250.

“God Save the King,” American sailors on British ships compelled to bare their heads when played, i. 394, iii. 291.

Godon, Captain S. W., at Port Royal, iv. 163.

_Golden Rocket_, captured by the _Sumter_, iv. 410.

Goldsborough, Flag Officer L. M., in charge of expedition sent against Roanoke Island, iv. 109; in charge of a large fleet sent to ram the _Merrimac_, 235.

Gordon’s Landing, Red River, fort at, attacked by Ellet, iv. 352.

Gorringe, Master H. H., iv. 370.

_Governor_, Federal transport, sinks off Cape Hatteras, iv. 166.

_Governor Tompkins_, American privateer, ii. 253.

_Governor Tryon_, British sloop, attacked by and strikes to the American privateer _Thorn_, i. 209.

_Grampus_, American schooner, in fleet sent to punish pirates in South America, iii. 331; captures the _Pandrita_, 332.

Grand Gulf, Porter attacks fortifications of, and finds them evacuated, iv. 367; Grant makes it his base of supplies, _ib._

Grant, General Ulysses Simpson, attempts to dislodge Confederates below Cairo, iv. 251; attacks the Confederates at Belmont, 251, 252; proceeds up the Tennessee, to attack Fort Henry, 255; muddy roads prevents his taking part in the capture of the fort, 266; at Fort Donelson, 268; Captain Walker diverts the Confederates’ attention from him, 271; Confederates surrender to him, 272; fight with Confederates at Pittsburg Landing, 284; arrives before Vicksburg, 351; goes to New Carthage to surround Vicksburg, 363; makes Grand Gulf his base of supplies, 367.

_Granville_, French privateer, in the fleet of Paul Jones, i. 234.

Graves, Admiral, destroys Portland, Maine, i. 24–26.

Grease as a protection on armor-plated ships, iv. 10.

Great Britain, sea-power of, in 1812, ii. 22; European nations dread the power of, 23.

Greene, Lieutenant Charles H., iv. 386.

Greene, Captain P. B., blockaded in Bahia Harbor, ii. 179; refuses Lawrence’s challenge, _ib._; cowardice of, 180; rescued by the _Montagu_, _ib._

Greene, Lieutenant S. D., executive officer of the _Monitor_, iv. 216; takes charge of the guns in the turret, 219, 220; takes command after Worden is disabled, 226; his statement, 229, 230; orders regarding the _Merrimac_, 235.

Greenpoint, Brooklyn, N. Y., the _Monitor_ constructed at, iv. 192.

_Greenwich_, British letter-of-marque whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 9.

Greer, Lieutenant-commander James A., before Vicksburg, iv. 363, 369.

_Greyhound_, Captain John Porter, iii. 333.

_Growler_, American schooner, captured by the British, ii. 351; recaptured by the Americans, 351.

_Growler_, American sloop, in Macdonough’s squadron, ii. 354; grounded in the Sorel River, 355.

_Growler_, American sloop, iii. 135, 138.

_Guanabara_, Brazilian rebel warship at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548; fired on by the United States cruiser _Detroit_, 553.

_Guerrière_, American frigate, built in 1814, iii. 64; Decatur’s flagship in expedition sent against the Dey of Algiers, 346, 347.

_Guerrière_, British frigate, picking sailors from American ships, ii. 6; flees from an inferior force, 7; stops the _Spitfire_, and takes off John Deguyo, an American citizen, _ib._; race with the _Constitution_, 55; Captain Dacres in charge of, 55–60; fight with the _Constitution_, 76–95; surrendered and blown up, 95.

Gun-boats, the ideal navy, ii. 388; description and build of, 389; arguments in favor of, 390; cheapness of, 392; points against, _ib._; cost of, 393; difficulty of getting unanimity of captains in battle, 394; lack of discipline on gun-boats, _ib._; use of, in Long Island Sound, 395; first encounter with gun-boats, _ib._; uselessness again shown, 416.

Gunners of 1812 and 1861 compared, iv. 419.

Gunpowder, expedients for getting, by the United Colonies, i. 28.

Guns, penetrating power of long and short, iii. 142; improvements made in, iv. 18–23.

Gwin, Lieutenant, supports Grant at Pittsburg Landing, iv. 284.

Hacker, Captain Hoysted, i. 79, 282, 283.

Haggerty, Captain F. L., at Port Royal, iv. 163.

_Halifax_, British war-ship, i. 406, 407.

Hallock, Captain William, i. 66.

Hambleton, Purser on the _Lawrence_ in the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 317.

_Hamilton_, American schooner, ii. 350.

Hamilton, Schuyler, suggests cutting through the trees of swamp from the Mississippi to New Madrid, iv. 281.

Hampton Roads, the first point blockaded in the Civil War, iv. 40; _Keystone State_ blockades, 45.

Hanchett, Captain, ii. 398.

Handy, Captain Robert, misunderstands signals, iv. 133, 134; letter to Captain Pope, showing his fear of the _Manassas_, 136.

_Hannah_, a Providence packet, chased by the _Gaspé_, i. 5.

Harding, Captain Seth, surrenders to the _Orpheus_ and _Roebuck_, i. 298.

_Harriet Lane_, American revenue cutter, used as a war-ship, iv. 42; Captain John Faunce, 99.

_Harriet Lane_, Federal frigate, captured in the Gulf of Mexico, iv. 357.

Harrison, Lieutenant Napoleon B., iv. 314.

_Hartford_, United States screw sloop, built, iv. 16; flagship of Captain Farragut, 314; set on fire by Confederate fire-raft, 329; passes the batteries at Port Hudson, 358; flagship of Rear-admiral Farragut, 386.

Hatteras, Cape, battle between the _Wasp_ and the _Frolic_ in the tail of a gale off, ii. 107.

Hatteras, Fort, captured by Federal forces, iv. 106; the first Union victory in the War of Secession, _ib._

Hatteras hurricane, a fleet of transports in a, iv. 166.

Hatteras Inlet, N. C., resort of the “Hatteras Pirates,” iv. 97.

_Hatteras_, merchant-steamer, captured and sunk by the _Alabama_ at Galveston, iv. 432.

_Hawke_, American tender, captured by British off Long Island, i. 56.

Hawkins, Captain Richard, refuses to fight the _Essex_, ii. 39–41; branded as a coward, 40.

Haymakers, Machias, attack of the, on the _Margaretta_, i. 21.

Haymakers and wood-choppers as Yankee seamen, iii. 82, 83, 86, 90, 95.

_Hazard_, American privateer, captured the British brig _Active_, i. 206.

Hazard, Captain, in the first naval battle of the Revolution, i. 57.

_Hebrus_, British frigate, ii. 420.

_Hector_, British letter-of-marque ship, captured by Lieutenant Downes, iii. 10.

Heddart, Captain Francis, extracts from his account of the _Serapis_-_Bonhomme Richard_ battle, i. 245, 257.

Henley, Midshipman John D., assists in the attack on the city of Tripoli, i. 366.

_Henry Clay_, Federal army transport, in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, iv. 364; catches fire and sinks, _ib._

Hewes, Joseph, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.

_Hibernia_, British transport, captured by Captain Hopkins, i. 281.

Hickman, on the Mississippi, evacuated by the Confederates, iv. 275.

_Highflyer_, British schooner, Captain Rodgers succeeds in getting private signals from, ii. 23, 358.

Hillyar, Captain James, in the harbor of Valparaiso, iii. 25; attempts to attack the _Essex_, but is scared off, 26; attacks the _Essex_ in company with the _Cherub_, 30–43; criticism on handling his ship, 46.

Hilton Head. See _Fort Walker_.

Hinman, Captain Elisha, i. 66; sent to France for army supplies, 130; his ship captured by the British, 133.

Hislop, Lieutenant-general, Governor of Bombay, on board the _Java_ in her fight with the _Constitution_, ii. 168; Captain Bainbridge’s curious dream of, 172, 173.

Hoel, Lieutenant W. R., iv. 363, 370.

Hoffman, Lieutenant B. V., sent to take charge of the _Cyane_ when she surrendered, iii. 252.

Hoke, General, advances on Plymouth, N. C., and captures it, iv. 455, 456.

Holdup, Thomas, in the battle of Lake Erie, chases and captures the _Chippewa_ and _Little Belt_, ii. 326.

_Holland_, torpedo boat, launching of, iv. 543.

Holland, John P., inventor of submarine torpedo boats, iv. 542.

Honor, American Medal of, origin of, iv. 111.

Hope, Lieutenant David, horrible cruelty of, to sailors, i. 389; wounded on the _Macedonian_, ii. 140; his report on gunnery practice, 143.

Hopkins, Esek, Commander-in-chief of first American fleet, i. 42; career of, 48; dismissed from the service, 61; dies near Providence, R. I., _ib._

Hopkins, Captain John Burrows, in command of the _Cabot_, i. 57.

Hopkins, Commodore Robert, receives his appointment through influence of John Adams, i. 49; sent to Chesapeake Bay in search of Lord Dunmore, 53; goes to the Bahamas instead and attacks the British there, _ib._

Hopkins, Stephen, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.

_Hornet_, sloop of first American Navy, i. 40.

_Hornet_, American sloop-of-war, blockades the British warship _Bonne Citoyenne_ in Bahia Harbor, ii. 179; raises the blockade on the approach of the _Montagu_, 180; captures the _Resolution_, 181; falls in with the _Peacock_, _ib._; fight with the _Peacock_, 182–184; encounters the _Penguin_, iii. 273; the _Penguin_ surrenders, 274–280; the _Hornet_ chased by the _Cornwallis_, but escapes, 282–284; Captain Robert Henley appointed to command, 330; detailed to South America to destroy pirates, 331.

Horses, wild, as weapons of offence, iii. 401.

_Housatonic_, Federal war-ship, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Howard, Lieutenant Samuel, iv. 370.

Howe, Captain Tyringham, i. 59.

Huger, Captain Thomas B., at New Orleans, iv. 321; mortally wounded, 332.

Hull, Lieutenant Isaac, cuts the privateer _Sandwich_ out of Puerto Plata, i. 329; tricky conduct of the officers of two British frigates to, ii. 15; the frigates turn and retreat, 16; his opinion of the crew of the _Constitution_, 52; his escape from a British squadron, after standing at his post for two days, 53–69; race with the _Guerrière_, 55; fight with and capture of the _Guerrière_, 76–95; reception on returning to Boston, 101; Congress votes a gold medal to, 103.

Humphreys, Joshua, American ship-builder, statement of, in regard to new ships, i. 311; his theories accepted, 312.

Hunt, William H., Secretary of the Navy, appoints a board of naval officers, with Rear-admiral Rodgers at its head, iv. 527.

_Hunter_, American ship, captured by the _Peacock_, ii. 191; taken in charge by the _Hornet_, _ib._

_Hunter_, British ship, attacked by privateers, i. 200.

_Hunter_, British brig, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 296.

_Hussar_, Austrian war-ship, Martin Koszta, an American citizen taken and detained on, iii. 385; on demand of Captain Ingraham of the _St. Louis_ is given up, _ib._

Hutter, Midshipman, killed while assisting the Union wounded out of the _Congress_, iv. 209.

_Hyder Ali_, American privateer, Captain Joshua Barney, attacks and captures the _General Monk_, i. 212–215.

_Illinois_, United States battle-ship, iv. 534, 536.

Impressment, feeling of American seamen regarding the practice of, ii. 18.

_Independence_, American privateer, Commander Thomas Truxton, cuts out three big ships from the British fleet, i. 205.

_Indian Chief_, Confederate ship, iv. 499.

_Indiana_, United States battle-ship, iv. 534.

_Indianola_, Federal armored gun-boat, in attack on Port Hudson, iv. 352; captured and sunk by the Confederates, _ib._

Indians, friendship of, cultivated by England to injure United States, i. 383; incited by British to attack pioneers, _ib._

Ingraham, Captain Duncan Nathaniel, demands the surrender of Martin Koszta, an American citizen detained on the Austrian war-ship _Hussar_, iii. 385; medal presented to him by Congress, 386.

Inland navy an imperative necessity to reach the heart of the Confederacy, iv. 241.

Inman, Lieutenant William, chases and captures a pirate schooner, iii. 335.

_Insurgent_, French frigate, Captain Barreaut, captures the American ship _Retaliation_, i. 316; battle with the _Constellation_, 320–322; surrenders, 321; lost at sea, 330.

International law, a question of violation of, iv. 160.

_Intrepid_, formerly the _Mastico_, used as a fire-ship at the attack on Tripoli, i. 371; explodes, 378.

_Investigator_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Iowa_, United States battle-ship, iv. 534, 536.

Ironclad warfare, superior activity of the Confederates in preparing for, iv. 184.

Ironclads, the Confederate Government the first to construct, iv. 185; the _Merrimac_ launched, 188; Congress makes appropriation for construction of, 190; dilatory action of Naval Board in making contracts for, 191; first battle between, 220.

_Iroquois_, United States screw sloop, built, iv. 16.

_Iroquois_, Federal screw corvette, iv. 314.

Irving, Washington, on Perry’s victory on Lake Erie, ii. 338.

_Isaac Smith_, Federal war-ship, in the Port Royal fleet, iv. 164.

Island No. 10, strongly fortified by the Confederates, iv. 275; Foote’s flotilla arrives in front of, 276; capture of, delayed two weeks by Foote, 281; Captain Walke successfully runs the gauntlet of batteries on, 282, 283; the island captured, 283, 289; has disappeared under action of the current, 284.

Isle-aux-Noix, British fort at, iii. 136, 139.

Isle St. Mary, Paul Jones lands on and surrounds the house of the Earl of Selkirk, i. 147, 148.

_Itasca_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 314; breaks down barriers placed across the Mississippi, 323; Lieutenant-commander George Brown, 389.

_Ivy_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 127.

James, Reuben, seaman, saves Decatur’s life, i. 364.

_James Adger_, American cruiser, captures the _Emily St. Pierre_, iv. 58; the latter recaptured, _ib._

_Jamestown_, Confederate warship, captures several prizes in sight of the _Monitor_, iv. 235.

Japan, condition of, in the sixteenth century, iii. 438; experience with Christianity, _ib._; Dutch trading at Nagasaki, _ib._; introduction of Western civilization by the American fleet, 439; Commodore M. C. Perry’s work in opening the ports of Japan, _ib._; appointed to the Japan mission, 443; Commodore Perry’s exhibition of power and dignity wins the respect of, 444.

_Jason_, British transport, captured by Captain Hopkins, i. 281.

_Java_, British frigate, fight with the _Constitution_ off the coast of Brazil, 155–173; poor gunnery of, 157; a complete wreck in sixty-five minutes, 162; losses of, 169.

_Jefferson_, American brig, iii. 113.

_Jefferson Davis_, Confederate privateer, captures the _John Welsh_, _Enchantress_, _S. J. Waring_, iv. 91; _Mary Goodell_ and _Mary E. Thompson_, 92; runs aground at St. Augustine and is lost, 93.

Jenkins, Captain Thornton A., iv. 386.

_Jersey_, the notorious prison-ship, sketch of, i. 221–226.

_John Adams_, Perry’s flagship on his cruise to South America, iii. 327.

_John Welsh_, merchant-brig, captured by Confederate privateer _Jefferson Davis_, iv. 91.

Johnson, Captain Henry, in charge of brig _Lexington_, sent to Europe, i. 117.

Johnson, Captain J. D., succeeds Admiral Buchanan on the _Tennessee_, iv. 402; surrenders his ship to Captain Le Roy, of the Federal steamer _Ossipee_, 403.

Jones, Captain Jacob, encounters the _Frolic_ in a gale, ii. 106; captures the _Frolic_, 107–117; surrenders the _Wasp_ and the _Frolic_ to the frigate _Poictiers_, 118, 119; rewarded with a gold medal from Congress, 119; given command of the frigate _Macedonian_, 119, 143.

_Jones_, American brig, iii. 113.

Jones, John Paul, first independent command of, i. 64; promoted to rank of captain, 73; fight with the _Solebay_, 73–76; outsails the British frigate _Milford_, 77; sails into Canso Harbor, _ib._; in Newport Harbor, 78; in command of flagship _Alfred_, 79; passes through British squadron off Block Island, _ib._; captures brig _Mellish_, _ib._; encounters and captures coal fleet in Canso Harbor, 80; captures a British privateer, _ib._; chased by the _Milford_, _ib._; arrives in Boston, 82; ordered back to the brig _Providence_, 83; bad treatment of, by Congress, _ib._; appointed to the gun-ship _Ranger_, 134; sails to Nantes, 135; reaches Quiberon Bay, 137; sails from Brest to England, 138; scuttles a merchant-brig, _ib._; seizes the _Lord Chatham_, _ib._; sails to Whitehaven, _ib._; attempts to capture the _Drake_, 140; descends on Whitehaven, 141; his crew takes an earl’s silver, 142; attacks the house of the Earl of Selkirk, 147; returns the silver taken by his crew, 151, 152; second and successful attempt to capture the _Drake_, 152; generosity of, 155; fought for honor, 158; inactivity of, in France, 228; fits out the _Bonhomme Richard_, 229; Congress arranges to give him a fleet, 232; the _Alliance_, _Pallas_, and _Vengeance_ put under his command, 232; trouble with Captain Landais of the _Alliance_, 234; his fleet sails from L’Orient augmented by the _Monsieur_ and _Granville_, _ib._; captures a brigantine, 235; Landais refuses to attend a council of officers, 237; proposes to attack Leith, _ib._; delay and a windstorm prevent his landing, 240; meets a fleet of merchantmen off Flamborough Head, 243; the _Serapis_ bears down to meet him, _ib._; attacks the _Serapis_, 245; fight with the _Serapis_, 247–259; character of, 265; his account of events after the surrender, 269–272; arrives at Texel, followed by a British squadron, 273; flight of, 275; made a hero of, at Paris, _ib._; sails to America in the _Ariel_, 277; honors on his arrival, _ib._; denounced as a pirate by the British Government, _ib._; misrepresented by English writers, _ib._; his pride in being an American, 278.

Jones, Lieutenant Thomas ap Catesby, with a small flotilla, opposes the British fleet at New Orleans, iii. 232–238; he is cut down and his small force eventually surrenders, 236, 237; sent in command of a squadron to the Pacific coast, 388; strikes the first blow in the Mexican War, 390; lands at and takes possession of Monterey, _ib._; surrenders the town, _ib._; appointed chief officer on the Confederate ironclad _Merrimac_, iv. 188; takes command after Captain Buchanan is wounded, 209; returns with the _Merrimac_ to Sewell’s Point, 213.

_Joseph_, British ship, captured by the _Surprise_, i. 124.

_Joseph H. Toone_, Federal schooner, iv. 129.

_Joseph Maxwell_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Joseph Parke_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Jouett, Lieutenant James E., cuts out the _Royal Yacht_ from Galveston Harbor, iv. 138, 139; Lieutenant-commander of the _Metacomet_, 386.

_Judah_, Confederate privateer schooner, destroyed at Fort Pickens, iv. 120.

_Julia_, American schooner, ii. 268; captured by the British, 351.

_Junon_, British frigate, becalmed in Hampton Roads, attacked by gun-boats, ii. 395; chases the _Constitution_ off Cape Ann, iii. 244.

_J. W. Hewes_, merchant-ship, captured by Confederate privateers, iv. 97.

_Katahdin_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 315.

Kearny, Sailing-master Lawrence, attacks a party from the frigate _Hebrus_, ii. 420; captures the tender of the frigate _Severn_, 421.

Kearny, Brigadier-general Stephen W., goes to the assistance of Commodore Stockton in Mexico, iii. 398; is repulsed and wounded, _ib._; marches to San Diego, _ib._

_Kearsarge_, American sloop-of-war, built, iv. 38.

_Kearsarge_, Federal armored frigate, meets the _Alabama_ in Cherbourg Harbor, France, iv. 436; comparison of their armament, 437; description of the fight, 438–441; the best gunnery of the Civil War, 441.

_Kearsarge_ (new), United States battle-ship, iv. 534, 536.

Kedge anchor, use of, on the _Essex_, ii. 49.

Kedging, method of, described, ii. 58.

_Kennebec_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 314; Lieutenant-commander William P. McCann, 389.

Kennon, Captain Beverley, at New Orleans, iv. 321; attacks the _Varuna_, 334; surrenders, 335.

Kentucky, western, railroad communication with the East cut off from, iv. 267.

_Keokuk_, Federal monitor, at Charleston, iv. 483, 485.

Kerr, Captain Robert, attacks the _Constitution_ at Porto Prayo, iii. 260.

_Keystone State_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Kidnapped sailors ill-fed and poorly paid on British ships, i. 387.

Kilty, Captain A. H., before Fort Pillow, iv. 289; aids the _Cincinnati_, 294.

_Kines_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 315, 358.

Kingston, Canada, chief naval and military post in 1812, ii. 265; Commodore Chauncey attacks, 270.

Kirkcaldy, Scotland, anecdote of the parson of, on the approach of Paul Jones’s squadron, i. 238.

Koszta, Martin, an American citizen, taken by the Austrian authorities on board the war-ship _Hussar_, iii. 385.

_Lackawanna_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389.

_Lady Gore_, British schooner, captured by Chauncey at Lake George, ii. 353.

_Lady Prevost_, British war-vessel, fired and destroyed by the Americans, ii. 279.

Lafayette, carried back to France in the _Alliance_, i. 232; narrowly escapes capture, _ib._

_Lafayette_, Federal gun-boat, in Porter’s fleet surrounding Vicksburg, iv. 363; Lieutenant-commander J. P. Foster, 369.

Lake Erie, the battle of, ii. 309–325.

Lamb, Colonel William, commander of Fort Fisher, iv. 507.

Lambert, Captain Henry, surrenders to Captain Bainbridge of the _Constitution_, ii. 155–173; his attempt to board the _Constitution_, 158; mortally wounded, 165; Captain Bainbridge returns his sword, 172.

Lambert, Jonathan, proprietor of the island of Tristan d’Acunha, a breeding resort for seals in the South Atlantic, iii. 270.

_Lancaster_, United States screw sloop, built, iv. 16.

_Lancaster_, Federal ram, sunk below Port Hudson, iv. 358.

Landais, Captain Pierre, placed in command of the _Alliance_ by Congress, i. 232; mutinous conduct of, 234; fouls the _Alliance_ with the _Bonhomme Richard_, _ib._; insolence of, 235; captures a valuable prize, 236; refuses to attend a council of officers, 237; jealousy of, 241; further insubordination of, 244; fires into the _Bonhomme Richard_, 254; treachery of, 267; dismissed and settles in New York City, _ib._

Langdon, John, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.

Langthorne, Lieutenant A. R., iv. 370.

_La Pique_, British frigate, encounters the _Constitution_ off Porto Rico, iii. 242.

Lardner, Captain J. L., commands the _Susquehanna_ at Port Royal, iv. 163.

Laugharne, Captain Thomas L. P., surrenders to Porter, ii. 42.

Laurens, Henry, American Ambassador to Holland, is removed from the _Mercury_ by the Captain of the British ship _Vestal_, and taken to St. Johns, Newfoundland, iv. 153; taken to England and imprisoned in the Tower of London, 154; exchanged for Lord Cornwallis, _ib._; his case parallel to the _Trent_ affair, _ib._

_Lurestinus_, British frigate, ii. 395.

Law, Lieutenant of British marines, fires at Lawrence and wounds him, ii. 213.

_Lawrence_, American brig, flagship of Commodore Perry, ii. 290; in the battle of Lake Erie, 317; Perry shifts his flag to the _Niagara_, 321; sunk in Little Bay, 337.

Lawrence, Captain James, Midshipman on the _Constitution_, i. 348; Captain of the _Hornet_, 403; blockades the British warship _Bonne Citoyenne_ in Bahia Harbor, ii. 179; challenges Captain Greene, _ib._; compelled to raise the blockade, 180; recaptures the _William_, 181; captures the _Resolution_, _ib._; is chased by the _Peacock_, 182; the _Peacock_ is beaten, 183; Lawrence fits his ship for another fight, 190; chases the _Espiègle_, _ib._; put all hands on half rations and squares away for home, 191; promoted to command the _Chesapeake_, 192; sails out of Boston to meet the _Shannon_, 197; has difficulty in getting a crew, 199; is challenged by Captain Broke of the _Shannon_, 203; sails out to meet the enemy, 204; addresses his crew, 205; mutinous spirit of his men, 206; displays great skill in handling his ship, _ib._; the _Chesapeake_ is damaged and begins to drift, 213; Lawrence shot, _ib._; dies, 221; interred in Trinity Churchyard, 225.

Lay, John L., devises a torpedo boat, iv. 458; used by Lieutenant Cushing to destroy the _Albemarle_, 459–461.

_Leander_ affair, the, i. 403, 404; Captain Whitby court-martialed, 405.

Lear, Tobias, American Consul-general at Algiers 1812, iii. 340.

_Lee_, American galley, i. 89.

_Lee_, American schooner, i. 30, 197; assists in capturing a British troop-ship, 203.

Lee, Captain F. D., Chief of Confederate torpedo corps, iv. 497.

Lee, Richard Henry, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.

Lee, Rear-admiral S. Phillips, iv. 314; in command of the Albemarle Station, 454.

_Leopard_ and _Chesapeake_, affair of the, i. 40.

Le Roy, Commander William E., iv. 389.

Letter of marque and a privateer, difference between, iii. 242.

_Levant_, British sloop-of-war, chased by the _Constitution_, iii. 247; surrenders, 255.

Lewis, Captain Jacob, made Commodore of the American fleet in New York Harbor, ii. 394.

_Lexington_, American brig, i. 63; captured by British frigate _Pearl_, 66; escapes, 68; sent to Europe under Captain Johnson, 117; captured by the cutter _Alert_, 119, 120; fate of the crew of, 121, 122.

_Lexington_, merchant-vessel, purchased by Commander Rodgers for use in Federal Navy, iv. 241; Captain Stembel appointed to command, 251.

_Lexington_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.

Lexington, battle of, i. 14.

Lincoln’s proclamation blockading the Southern ports, iv. 28–30.

_Linnet_, British brig, at the battle of Lake Champlain, iii. 138, 142, 166; surrenders, _ib._

Linzee, Captain, chased by the _Gaspé_, i. 5.

Little, Captain John, fights and captures the _Berceau_, i. 328.

_Little Belt_, British corvette, fires on the American frigate _President_, ii. 10; in battle of Lake Erie, 297.

Little Falls, N. Y., Indian and Dutch traders at, ii. 263.

_Little Rebel_, sunk by the Federals at Fort Pillow, iv. 302.

Livermore, Parson Samuel, ii. 214.

_Livingston_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 127.

Lloyd, Captain Robert, assists in the attack on the _General Armstrong_, iii. 194.

Lockyer, Captain, attacks Lieutenant Catesby Jones at New Orleans, iii. 235.

Lomax, Colonel, captures the Pensacola Navy Yard, iv. 112.

_Lord Nelson_, British merchantman, captured by the _Oneida_, ii. 265.

Los Angeles, Cal., captured from the Mexicans by Commodore Stockton, iii. 397; recaptured, _ib._; retaken by the Americans, 401.

_Lottery_, American ship, captured, iii. 204.

_Louisa Beaton_, American brigantine, engaged in the African slave traffic, iii. 364.

_Louisa Hatch_, captured by the _Alabama_, iv. 427.

_Louisa Kilham_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Louisiana_, American schooner, in the attack on New Orleans, iii. 240; used as a powder-boat to blow up Fort Fisher, iv. 510.

_Louisville_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245; disabled, 271; in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, 363, 369.

_Lowell_, Confederate ship, sunk at Fort Pillow, iv. 301.

Lowry, Captain R. R., iv. 100.

_Loyal Convert_, British vessel, i. 90.

Ludlow, Lieutenant Augustus C., strives to get the crew in place, ii. 206; mortally wounded, 210; interred in Trinity Churchyard, 225.

_Ludlow_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

Lynch, Confederate Commodore W. F., at Roanoke Island, iv. 109.

Lyons, Lord, British Minister to Washington, his instructions relative to the _Trent_ affair, iv. 150–153.

McCall, Lieutenant Edward Rutley, in the _Boxer_ fight, ii. 376; takes command after Captain Burrows is disabled, 378; the _Boxer_ surrenders to him, 379.

McCann, Lieutenant William P., iv. 389.

McCauley, Commodore, disloyal conduct of, at the Norfolk Navy Yard, iv. 72–74.

_McClellan_, Federal transport, iv. 135.

McDonald, Lieutenant James, succeeds Captain Dickenson in command, iii. 276; surrenders to Captain Biddle, 276–278.

Macdonough, Captain Thomas, i. 348; in the attack on the city of Tripoli, 361; sends the _Growler_ and _Eagle_ in pursuit of British gun-boats, iii. 136; repairs to Vergennes, Vt., _ib._; in command of a squadron, 144, 145; his careful preparations, 147–150; his squadron assembled, 152; an interested audience, _ib._; the battle opened with a prayer, 154; a sporting rooster, 155; Macdonough is knocked senseless, 161; he cleverly winds his ship, 164; wins the battle of Lake Champlain, 166; casualties and losses of, in the battle, 174; anecdote of, 179–181; the Legislature of New York donates him land, 182; the Legislature of Vermont presents him with a farm, _ib._; he is promoted, 183; his victory served to bring the war to a close, 184.

_Macedonian_, British frigate, cruelty and flogging of sailors on, i. 389; encounters the frigate _United States_, ii. 124; battle with, 125–134; a horrible scene of carnage, 134; the crew breaks into the spirits-room, 136, 137; American seamen found on board, 137, 138; losses among the crew, 139; the forces of the two ships, 140; taken to New York, 148; fitted for sea in the American service, 150.

_Machias_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Machias haymakers, attack of the, on the _Margaretta_, i. 21.

_McLane_, American steamer, grounded before Alvarado, Mexico, iii. 410.

Macomb, Major-general Alexander, opposed to Sir George Prevost at Plattsburg, iii. 147, 169.

_McRae_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 17.

_McRae_, Confederate cotton-clad steamer, iv. 321; fight with the Federal steamer _Iroquois_, 332.

Madame Island, Paul Jones captured British vessels at, i. 78.

_Madison_, American privateer, ii. 245.

_Madison_, the flagship of Commodore Chauncey, ii. 341.

Madison, President, lack of an American Navy discreditable to the Administration of, ii. 26.

Maffitt, Captain John Newland, authority on construction of fortifications, iv. 170; appointed to command of Confederate cruiser _Florida_, 418; goes to Havana and Mobile to get a crew, _ib._; his ship fired at by Captain Preble, of the _Winona_, 419; is blockaded, but escapes, 423; goes to Nassau, _ib._; cruises between New York and Brazil, 424; overhauls his ship, _ib._; he is relieved by Captain Morris, _ib._

_Magnet_, British brig, iii. 128.

Mahan, Captain A. T., fortifications of Mobile described by, iv. 379–383.

Mahone, William, Southern politician, trickery of, iv. 74, 75.

_Maine_, United States cruiser, iv. 534.

Maitland, Captain, falls in with the _Constitution_, iii. 243; afraid to engage the _Constitution_, _ib._

_Majestic_, British cruiser, iv. 534, 535.

_Majestic_, British razee, assists in the capture of the _President_ off Long Island, iii. 216.

Malayans, teaching, to fear the American flag, iii. 373–379.

Malden, Captain Barclay, his rendezvous before the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 294.

Maley, Lieutenant William, i. 330.

_Manassas_, Confederate ram, formerly the _Enoch Train_, iv. 127; remodelled and put in charge of Lieutenant Alexander F. Warley, 128; strikes the _Richmond_ and causes a panic, 129–131; 321; attacks the _Brooklyn_, 332; sinks, 333.

_Manhattan_, Federal monitor, iv. 386.

Manly, Captain John, i. 30, 197; surrenders the _Hancock_, 185.

Manners, Captain William, fights the _Wasp_, iii. 85; severely wounded, 87; killed, 88.

Maples, Captain John F., goes in search of the sloop _Argus_, ii. 362; finds her by the light of the flames on a wine ship, 363; captures the sloop, 363–367; sends it by a prize crew to Plymouth, 371.

Marchand, Captain John B., iv. 389.

_Margaret and Jessie_, successful blockade-runner, iv. 63.

_Margaretta_, attack on the, by the Machias haymakers, i. 21.

_Maria_, British transport, captured by Captain Hopkins, i. 281.

_Maria_, Boston schooner, captured by Algerian pirates, i. 309.

Marine Committee of Congress, i. 158.

Marine Committee of United Colonies appointed, i. 36.

_Marquis de la Fayette_, French privateer, i. 297.

_Mars_, American privateer, fitted out by Captain Thomas Truxton, cruises in English Channel, and captures numerous prizes, i. 205.

_Mars_, English privateer, captured by the _Alliance_, i. 297.

Marston, Captain John, iv. 200.

_Martha_, American slave-ship, captured by Lieutenant Foote, iii. 364.

_Martin_, British sloop, grounds on Crow’s Shoal, ii. 401.

_Mary_, British schooner, captured by Chauncey at Lake George, ii. 353.

_Mary_, British brig, cut out and fired by the _Wasp_, iii. 92.

_Mary E. Thompson_, merchantman, captured by Confederate privateer _Jefferson Davis_, iv. 92.

_Mary Goodell_, merchantman, captured by Confederate privateer _Jefferson Davis_, iv. 92.

_Mashonda_, frigate of Rais Hammida, Algerian Admiral, iii. 345–347; captured by Captain Downes of the _Epervier_, 347.

Mason, James Murray, Confederate Commissioner to England, in company with John Slidell, sails in the blockade-runner _Theodora_, iv. 141; arrives at Cardenas, Cuba, and proceeds to Havana, _ib._; sails in the _Trent_ for St. Thomas, 143; is taken off the _Trent_ and carried into Boston, 147–149; he and Slidell are released, 156.

_Mastico_, Tripolitan ketch, captured by Decatur, i. 346; he sails in it to fire the _Philadelphia_, 348–356; its name changed to the _Intrepid_, 358. See _Intrepid_.

Mathews, Jack, an old man-of-war tar, on the ironclad _Essex_, gallant conduct of, iv. 261; death of, 265.

_Mattabesett_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 457.

Matterface, Lieutenant William, in the attack on the American ship _General Armstrong_, iii. 194.

_Maurepas_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 127.

Mayo, W. R., his report of the assault on Fort Fisher, iv. 520.

Medicines excluded by blockade of Southern ports, iv. 56.

Mediterranean, second war with African pirates in the, iii. 339–358.

_Medway_, British liner, captures the _Siren_, iii. 79.

_Medway_, British frigate, with Farragut’s fleet at New Orleans, iv. 323.

_Melampus_, British war-ship, i. 406, 407.

_Mellish_, British brig, captured by Paul Jones, i. 79.

Memphis, battle of, iv. 298–307; railroad communication with, cut off, 266, 267.

_Memphis_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

_Mercedita_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Mercer, Captain Samuel, iv. 99.

Merchants, British, sufferings by the American Revolution, i. 112, 113, 127.

_Mercury_, Dutch packet, Henry Laurens, Ambassador to Holland, sails on, iv. 153; the British frigate _Vestal_ overhauls her and takes Mr. Laurens from, _ib._

_Merrimac_, United States screw frigate, launched, iv. 15; the old frigate transformed into a floating fort, 186; reconstructed, 186–188;

## particulars of building, 187;

the best and heaviest guns placed on her, 188; her engines in bad condition, _ib._; named the _Virginia_, but not known in history by that name, 189; starts on a trial trip, 197; the _Congress_ and _Cumberland_ harmlessly open fire on her, 200; she rams the _Cumberland_, 202; opens fire on and silences the Federal batteries, 207; attacks the _Congress_, which surrenders, _ib._; comparison of her guns and armament with the _Monitor_, 217, 218; Captain Worden tries to find a vulnerable spot, 222; she runs aground twice, 223; tries to ram the _Monitor_, 224; attempts made to board the _Monitor_, 225; fires at the _Minnesota_, _ib._; steams back to Norfolk, 229; leak discovered, 230; the gunnery better than the _Monitor’s_, 232; the _Merrimac_ overhauled at Norfolk, 234; Commodore Tattnall relieves Buchanan in command, _ib._; Tattnall takes the _Merrimac_ down to Hampton Roads, _ib._; the _Monitor_ retreats from, 235; blown up on Craney Island, 237.

Mervine, Captain, attempts to march on Los Angeles, but is driven back, iii. 398.

_Metacomet_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 386.

Metsko Devantigers, Japanese reporters, iii. 455.

Mexican War, the navy’s part in the, iii. 424, 428, 429.

Mexico, Gulf of, naval operations in the, iii. 402–428; Farragut’s operations in the, iv. 357.

Mexico, French troops enter, iv. 367.

_Miami_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 454.

_Milford_, British frigate, encounter with Paul Jones, i. 77.

Miller, Captain Samuel, assists Commodore Barney with his marines, ii. 409, 410.

_Milwaukee_, Federal gun-boat, sunk by a torpedo, iv. 406.

_Minerva_, British frigate, Captain of, refuses to fight the _Essex_, and is branded as a coward, ii. 39–41.

_Minerva_, English privateer, captured by the _Alliance_, i. 297.

_Minneapolis_, United States cruiser, iv. 534.

_Minnesota_, United States frigate, compared with Arnold’s _Congress_, iv. 3.

_Minnesota_, American frigate, iv. 99.

Mississippi, the British grab at the Valley of the, iii. 229, 230.

_Mississippi_, Federal side-wheel steamer, iv. 314.

_Mississippi_, Federal gun-boat, goes aground in front of Port Hudson, is fired and abandoned, iv. 358.

Mississippi squadron transferred to the Navy Department, iv. 349; ships composing the, 245–249.

Mississippi River, blockade of the entrance to, iv. 124–126; opening of the, by Federal Navy, 240.

Mississippi, Valley of, the British plan to get possession of, iii. 229, 230.

Mississippi Valley, practically all Confederate territory till opened by the Federal Navy, iv. 240.

Mitchell, Lieutenant-commander J. G., iv. 369.

Mobile, Ala., Porter’s views on attack on, iv. 341.

Mobile, fortifications of, described by Mahan, iv. 379–383.

Mobile Bay, description of, iv. 377; Confederate defences of, ashore and afloat, 379.

_Mohawk_, United States screw sloop, built, iv. 16; Captain S. W. Godon, 163; rescues the crew of the _Peerless_, 167.

_Mohican_, United States frigate, cuts out the steamer _Forward_ on the coast of Mexico, iv. 553.

_Monarch_, Federal ram, in attack on Fort Pillow, iv. 301; attacks and sinks the _Beauregard_, 302.

_Monitor_, Federal ironclad, iv. 191; rapid work in constructing, 192;

## particulars of building, 192–194;

her passage to Hampton Roads, 215; commanded by Captain J. L. Worden, _ib._; comparison of armament with that of the _Merrimac_, 217, 218; the fight with the _Merrimac_, 220; superiority of the _Monitor’s_ revolving turret, 221; the _Merrimac_ tries to ram, 224, 225; her pilot-house struck and her captain disabled, 225; retires to Fortress Monroe, 226; her gunnery was poor, 231; the battle an unparalleled lesson in naval warfare, 233; letter from the crew to Captain Worden, 233, 234; bombards the batteries at Sewell’s Point, 235; ordered to Beaufort, N. C., 237; founders at sea in a gale, _ib._

Monitors, most efficient and safest style of coast-defence ships, iv. 194.

_Monongahela_, Federal gun-boat, passes the batteries of Port Hudson, iv. 358; Commander James H. Strong, 389.

Monroe, ----, Mayor of New Orleans, objects to surrendering the city to Farragut, iv. 338.

_Monsieur_, French privateer, in the fleet of Paul Jones, i. 234; captures a Holland ship, 235.

_Montagu_, British frigate, rescues the _Bonne Citoyenne_ from the _Hornet_, ii. 180.

_Montauk_, Federal monitor, shells and burns the Confederate ironclad _Nashville_, iv. 480.

Monterey, Cal., Captain Catesby Jones takes possession of, iii. 390; the American fleet under Captain Sloat take possession of, 392.

_Montezuma_, American ship, i. 316.

_Montezuma_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 8.

_Montgomery_, American brig, fight with the _Surinam_, ii. 254.

Montgomery, Captain J. E., at Fort Pillow, iv. 290; retreats, 297.

Montgomery, John B., takes possession of settlement on San Francisco Bay, iii. 392.

_Monticello_, Federal frigate, iv. 99.

_Montmorency_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Moore, Captain, i. 15; killed on the _Margaretta_, i. 22.

_Moore_, Confederate cotton-clad steamer, iv. 321; rams and sinks the _Varuna_, 334; fired by the _Cayuga_ and _Oneida_, _ib._

_Morgan_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 380.

Morris, Captain Charles, wit of, in an emergency, ii. 58; shot through the body in the _Guerrière_ fight, 88; placed in command of the _Adams_, iii. 57; runs the blockade in the Chesapeake, 57, 58; he cruises on the coast of Africa, 58; goes in search of the Jamaica fleet, _ib._; sails to Newfoundland, thence to Ireland, and after taking a few prizes is chased by the _Tigris_, 59; again chased for forty hours, 59, 60; his crew attacked by scurvy, 60; his ship is driven on a rock, _ib._; attacked by a British fleet and compelled to burn his ship, 62; appointed to command of the _Florida_, iv. 424; during his absence on shore Captain Collins of the _Wachusett_ captures her and takes her to the United States, _ib._

Morris, Lieutenant George U., iv. 201; attacks the _Merrimac_, _ib._; his ship is rammed, 201, 202; refuses to surrender, 202–204; his gallantry commended, 204, 205.

Morris, Captain Henry W., iv. 314.

Morris Island, Charleston, iv. 467.

Morse, Jedidiah, his description of the South Carolina islands, iv. 31.

_Mosher_, unarmored Confederate boat, Captain Sherman commanding, iv. 321, 329; fired at and sunk by the _Hartford_, _ib._

_Mosquito_, American ship, chases and captures a pirate brig, iii. 335.

Mottoes, naval, on men-of-war, iii. 30.

_Mound City_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245; Captain A. H. Kilty commands, 289; rammed by the _Van Dorn_, 294; Confederate shell bursts her boiler, 307; in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, 363; Lieutenant A. R. Langthorne commands, 370.

Mowatt, Captain, attack of, on Portland, Maine, i. 24–26.

_Muckie_, bombarded and burned by the American frigate _Columbia_, iii. 376–378.

Mugford, Captain James, captures a transport with 1,500 barrels of powder, i. 203.

Mullany, Commander J. R. M., iv. 389.

Murphy, Lieutenant J. McLeod, iv. 363.

_Murray_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

Murray, Captain Alexander, beats off two British gun-ships, i. 207.

Murray, Colonel J., with 1,000 British troops assaults Plattsburg and Saranac, ii. 355; burns the public stores at both places and then retreats, _ib._

_Nahant_, Federal ironclad, Commander John Downes, iv. 480; at Charleston, 485.

_Naiad_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, 415.

_Nancy_, English merchantman, captured by the _Raleigh_ and _Alfred_, i. 130.

_Nancy_, British brigantine, captured by the _Lee_, i. 197–199.

_Nantucket_, Federal ironclad, iv. 480.

Napier on the character of the veterans sent to America, iii. 134.

Napoleon III., Emperor of France, his views in regard to Texas and Mexico modified by the surrender of New Orleans, iv. 340; tries to persuade Texas to secede from the Confederacy, 368.

_Narcissus_, British frigate, attacks the American schooner _Surveyor_, ii. 417.

Narragansett Indian impressed by the British, a, iii. 293.

_Nashville_, Confederate cruiser, blockaded in the Great Ogeechee River, iv. 479; attacked and burned by Captain Worden of the monitor _Montauk_, 480.

Natchez, Tenn., surrenders to Captain Craven of the _Brooklyn_, iv. 340.

National sea-power, curious chain of events that led to creation of, i. 1, 2.

_Nautilus_, American cruiser, in the attack on Tripoli, i. 374.

_Nautilus_, East India Company’s cruiser, surrenders to the _Peacock_, iii. 285.

Naval architecture, a point on, iii. 227.

Naval armament, means for furnishing United Colonies with, i. 35.

Naval calls, iii. 471.

Naval discipline, effect of, on raw recruits, iv. 250.

Naval forces of the United States compared with those of Great Britain in 1812, ii. 21–23.

Naval officers, old-time, life led by, iii. 305–307; American, work that they have had to do in out-of-the-way parts of the world in times of peace, 359–386; disloyalty of, at commencement of the Civil War, iv. 70.

Naval operations in the Gulf of Mexico, iii. 402–428.

Naval terms applied to war-ships, iii. 54.

Navy, British, in American waters, i. 195.

Navy, colonial, creation of a, i. 30.

Navy of the United Colonies, regulations of, i. 34.

Navy, the American, at the battle of New Orleans, iii. 229.

_Neapolitan_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Neilds, Ensign H. C., heroic conduct of, iv. 394.

_Neosho_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.

_Nereyda_, Peruvian cruiser, captured the American whalers _Walker_ and _Barclay_, iii. 7; is dismantled by the _Essex_ and sent to the Viceroy of Peru, _ib._

_Netley_, British brig, iii. 111.

Neutral ports, violations of, iv. 427.

Neutrality laws observed by American naval officers, iii. 28, 29.

Neutrality, the law of, in open ports, iv. 44.

New Carthage, Grant crosses from, to surround Vicksburg, iv. 363.

_New Castle_, British frigate, attacks the _Constitution_, iii. 260.

_New Ironsides_, successful Federal ironclad, iv. 190, 480.

New Madrid, on Missouri River, captured by Pope, iv. 276.

New Orleans, British attack on, iii. 230; blockaded by the _Brooklyn_, iv. 44; attacked by Farragut’s squadron, 314–337; Farragut demands the surrender of the city, 338; General Butler takes possession of, 339.

New Providence taken by Commodore Hopkins, i. 56.

Newton, Isaac, first Assistant Engineer of the _Monitor_, iv. 216.

_New York_, United States cruiser, iv. 533.

_New Zealander_, British ship, captured by Porter, iii. 14.

_Niagara_, British merchantman, captured, ii. 265; Elliott’s ship in battle of Lake Erie, 292.

_Niagara_, American ship, Perry shifts his flag from the _Lawrence_ to, ii. 321; after the war is sunk in Little Bay, 337.

_Niagara_, United States screw frigate, launched, iv. 15.

Nichols, Lieutenant Edward T., iv. 315.

Nichols, Captain Samuel, first Captain of marines in American Navy, i. 53.

Nicholson, Captain James, i. 187.

Nicholson, Lieutenant John B., sent by Decatur to take charge of the _Macedonian_ when she surrendered, ii. 134; carries the _Epervier_ into Savannah after her fight with the _Peacock_, iii. 77; transferred to the _Siren_, _ib._; a story of sailors’ superstitions, 78, 79.

Nicholson, Commander J. W. A., iv. 386.

Nicholson, Captain Samuel, appointed to the American frigate _Constitution_, i. 312.

“Ninety-day fleet, the,” iv. 39.

_Nipsic_, United States cruiser, thrown ashore at Samoa, iv. 554.

Noah, Mordecai M., American Consul at Tunis, demands indemnity for seizure of the _Abellino_ prizes, iii. 355.

_Nocton_, British brig, captured by Porter, iii. 2; recaptured by the _Belvidera_, 3.

_Nonita_, American schooner, in attack on Alvarado, iii. 410.

_Nonsuch_, American frigate, in Perry’s cruise to South America, iii. 327; Perry makes it his flagship, _ib._; the crew infected with yellow fever, 329.

Norderling, Mr., Swedish Consul at Algiers in 1815, iii. 348.

_Norfolk_, American ship, i. 316.

Norfolk Navy Yard, loss of the, iv. 66–83.

North, Lord, despair of, on hearing of the surrender of Lord Cornwallis, i. 299.

Nukahiva, Marquesas Islands, Porter brings the _Essex_ and his fleet of captured whalers here to refit, iii. 16; a sailor’s paradise, 19; an incipient mutiny at, 21–23.

_Nymphe_, British frigate, chased by the _President_ and _Congress_, ii. 151.

Ocracoke Inlet, fort at, iv. 108.

_Octorara_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 386.

Ogdensburg, N. Y., British attack on, ii. 268.

“Old Glory” first hoisted, i. 135.

“Old Ironsides” (the _Constitution_), i. 312.

“Old Sow, The,” ii. 267.

Old-time naval officers, iii. 305–307.

_Old War Horse_, another name for the _Benton_, iv. 249.

Olney, Captain Joseph, i. 163.

“On to Canada,” the war-cry of 1812, ii. 20.

_Oneida_, American war-brig, ii. 264; captures the _Lord Nelson_, 265; Commodore Earle attempts to capture, 266.

_Oneida_, Federal screw corvette, iv. 314.

_Oneida_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389.

_Ontario_, American sloop-of-war, sent against the Dey of Algiers in 1815, iii. 343.

Ontario, Lake, operations on, iii. 113–129.

Ordronaux, Captain J., attacked by the British frigate _Endymion_, iii. 202–207.

_Oreto_, Confederate cruiser. See _Florida_.

_Orpheus_, British frigate, captures the _Confederacy_, i. 298.

_Orpheus_, British frigate, with the _Sherburne_, attacks and captures the _Frolic_, iii. 65, 66.

_Osage_, Federal gun-boat, iv, 369; sunk by a torpedo, 406.

_Ossipee_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389.

_Ottawa_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 163.

_Ottawa_, Federal war-ship, attacked ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Otter Creek, Vt., Macdonough fortifies, iii. 137.

_Ouachita_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.

Owen, Lieutenant-commander E. K., iv. 363, 369.

_Ozark_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.

Pacific coast, naval operations on the, in 1842, iii. 389–428.

Pakenham, Sir Edward Michael, in command of the British forces to attack New Orleans, reaches the Chandeleur Islands, iii. 230.

_Pallas_, American ship, i. 232; _Countess of Scarborough_ surrenders to, 267.

_Palmetto State_, Confederate ironclad, iv. 473; armament of, _ib._; attacks the _Mercedita_, 474; paroles her crew, 475.

_Palmira_, Porto Rico privateer, plunders American schooner _Coquette_, and is captured by the _Grampus_, iii. 332.

Pamlico Sound, N. C., a rendezvous for Confederate privateers, iv. 94.

_Pandrita_, pirate ship, captured by the _Grampus_, iii. 332.

Paper blockade, Navy Department tries to establish, iv. 41.

Parker, Captain John, at Lexington, i. 14.

Parker, Lieutenant, in the _Java_ fight, ii. 165.

Parker, Lieutenant George, dies at sea, iii. 78; a story of sailors’ superstition in connection with his death, 78, 79.

Parker, Lieutenant, the _Congress_ surrenders to, iv. 208.

Parsons, P. Usher, fleet surgeon in the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 294.

Pass à Loutre, Federal fleet retreat down the, iv. 137.

_Passaic_, Federal monitor, iv. 237, 480, 490.

_Patapsco_, Federal ironclad, iv. 480, 490.

Patterson, Master-commandant William T., attacks the British camp, iii. 239; sets fire to and abandons his ships, 240.

_Paul Jones_, American privateer, ii. 251.

Paulding, Captain Hiram, breaks up the nest of plotters against the Federal Government, iv. 71.

Paving-stones used as missiles to capture the _Gaspé_, i. 9.

_Pawnee_, Federal frigate, iv. 99, 163.

_Peabody_, Federal transport, iv. 100.

_Peacock_, American corvette, meets the brig-sloop _Epervier_, iii. 66; captures the sloop, 67–71; cruises, 78; attached to Decatur’s fleet, 271; captures prizes and the cruiser _Nautilus_, 285.

_Peacock_, British brig, encounters the American sloop _Hornet_, ii. 181; the battle, 183; her captain killed, _ib._; sinks, 184; good treatment of the officers and men by the Americans, 187; comparison of the ships, 190.

Peake, Captain William, attacks the _Hornet_, ii. 181; is killed, 183; proud of his ship, 190.

Pearce, Lieutenant John, iv. 370.

_Pearl_, British frigate, captures the _Lexington_, i. 68; the latter escapes, _ib._

Pearson, Captain Richard, encounters the _Bonhomme Richard_, i. 243, 245; surrenders, 259; anecdote of, 262–264; conduct of, 274; treated as if he had won a victory, 275.

Pechell, Captain Samuel John, in charge of expedition sent against Craney’s Island, ii. 398.

_Peerless_, Federal transport, lost near Cape Hatteras, iv. 167.

Peiho River, attack on Chinese forts in the, iii. 382.

_Pelican_, British frigate, goes in search of the American sloop _Argus_, ii. 362; attacks the _Argus_, 363, 364; captures the sloop, 364–367; takes her into Plymouth, 371.

_Pembina_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 163.

Pendergrast, American Flag Officer G. J., his proclamation, iv. 40.

Pendergrast, Lieutenant Austin, takes command of the _Congress_, iv. 208; surrenders to Lieutenant Parker of the _Beaufort_, _ib._; assists in transferring the wounded, 209; escapes by swimming, _ib._

_Penguin_, British brig-sloop, is beaten by the _Hornet_, iii. 273–281.

_Penguin_, Federal gun-boat, at Port Royal, iv. 171.

_Pensacola_, United States screw sloop, iv. 16; Captain Henry W. Morris, 314.

Pensacola Navy Yard surrendered to Confederates, iv. 112.

Perkins, Lieutenant-commander George H., iv. 386.

_Perry_, Federal brig, captures the _Savannah_, iv. 89.

Perry, Christopher Raymond, gallant conduct of, i. 296.

Perry, Commodore Matthew Calbraith, brother of Oliver H. Perry, sent against the Mexican port of Frontera, iii. 410; captures the Mexican fleet, _ib._; captures Tabasco, 413; conducts the operations during the siege of Vera Cruz, 424; his early services, 435; a Japanese poem dedicated to him, 437; his work in opening the ports of Japan, 439; appointed to the Japan mission, 443; anchors off Uraga, _ib._; reception by the Japanese, 444–447; difficulty in opening negotiations, 449, 450; the Japanese Governor accompanied by three reporters, 455; permission from the Emperor to receive the President’s message, _ib._; the Emperor grants all that is asked, 457–463; amusing features of the expedition, 463; assigned to the _Fulton 2d_, iv. 11; his opinion of her, _ib._

Perry, Oliver Hazard, in command of a fleet of gun-boats at Newport, R. I., in 1812, ii. 280; ordered to join Commodore Chauncey, 282; inspects the navy yard at Black Rock, 283; finds five ships being constructed at Erie, Pa., _ib._; hastens to Pittsburg for cannon-balls, 285; returns to Erie, 286; starts for Buffalo in a row-boat, _ib._; compels the British to abandon the Niagara River, 287; stricken with fever through overwork, 288; ordered to co-operate with General Harrison, _ib._; his appeal for men, 289; starts on an expedition with an inadequate force, _ib._; chooses the _Lawrence_ as his flagship, 290; gets his fleet in deep water, 291; cruises on Lake Erie, 292; is joined by officers and men from the _Constitution_, _ib._; sails up the lake to join General Harrison, 292; arrives at Put-in-Bay, 293; confers with General Harrison, 294; sickness, _ib._; his fleet anchors in Put-in-Bay, _ib._; sketch of Perry’s fleet, 295; sketch of Barclay’s fleet, 296; comparison of the commanders, 300; his thoughtfulness for his men, 305; the battle of Lake Erie commences, 309; closes in on the British, 311; loads and fires his own guns, 315; his flagship a wreck, 317; shifts his flag to the _Niagara_, 321; the decisive movement, 322; the British surrender, 324; “We have met the enemy and they are ours!”, 325; receives the swords of the British officers on the _Lawrence_, 328; his letter to the Secretary of the Navy, 332; results of his victory, 333; promoted from rank of master-commandant to captain, 334; his praise of Lieutenant Elliott, 336; value of ships captured in the battle, 337; his squadron at Erie, _ib._; Washington Irving’s opinion of the victory, 338; his duel with Captain Heath, iii. 317; detailed to cruise in South American waters, 327; sails up the Orinoco, _ib._; demands compensation for American vessels, 329; contracts yellow fever, _ib._; dies while entering the Port of Spain, Trinidad Island, 330; buried at Newport, R. I., _ib._

_Pert_, American schooner, ii. 270.

_Perthshire_, British merchantman, captured off Mobile, iv. 43; released by the _Niagara_, _ib._; claims compensation, 44.

_Petrel_, American schooner, in attack on Alvarado, iii. 410.

_Petrel_, Confederate privateer, iv. 93; chases the _St. Lawrence_, which fires into and sinks her, 94.

Phelps, Captain S. S., appointed to command of the _Conestoga_, iv. 251; convoys General Grant down the Mississippi, _ib._; captures the Confederate steamer _Eastport_, 267; takes command of her, _ib._; before Fort Pillow, 290; Lieutenant-commander of the _Eastport_, 369.

_Philadelphia_, American gondola, i. 90; on Lake Champlain, 100.

_Philadelphia_, American frigate, sent to Tripoli, i. 335; sunk on a reef, 343; raised by the Tripolitans, 344; boarded and fired by Decatur, 349–358.

_Phœbe_, British frigate, attempts to attack the _Essex_, iii. 25, 26; is scared off, _ib._; with the _Cherub_ makes another attack on the _Essex_, 30–43.

Pico Andres, Mexican Governor of Los Angeles, iii. 397; breaks his parole, _ib._

_Picton_, British war-schooner, captured by the _Constitution_, iii. 242.

Pike, Zebulon M., explorer, at storming of Toronto, ii. 341; killed by the explosion of a magazine, 342.

_Pinola_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 316.

Piracy discoveries at Cape Cruz, South America, iii. 335.

Pirate caves with the bones of dead in them, iii. 324, 325.

Piratical assaults on Yankee traders, iii. 366.

Pitcairn, Major, at Lexington, i. 14.

Pitchforks used by haymakers in their attack on the _Margaretta_, i. 21.

_Pittsburg_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245; Captain Egbert Thompson commands, 290; before Vicksburg, 363, 370.

Pittsburg Landing, fight at, iv. 284.

_Plantagenet_, British liner, assists in the attack on the _General Armstrong_, iii. 188, 194, 196–198.

_Planter_, Confederate transport, turned over to the Federals by Robert Small, a negro slave, iv. 501, 502.

Plattsburg Bay, operations of Macdonough in, iii. 145, 150.

“Playing ball with the red coats,” ii. 268.

_Plunger_, Holland submarine boat, iv. 545.

Po Adam, Malay chief, rescues Captain Endicott, iii. 370; aids Captain Downes in his attack on Quallah Battoo, 374.

_Pocahontas_, Federal frigate, iv. 163.

_Poictiers_, British frigate, recaptures the _Frolic_ from the _Wasp_, ii. 118.

_Policy_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 8.

_Polk_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 127.

_Polly_, American privateer, attacks the English sloop-of-war _Indian_, ii. 242.

_Pomone_, British frigate, assists in the capture of the _President_, iii. 222.

Pope, Captain John, his report on the retreat of the Federal fleet, iv. 137; captured New Madrid, 276; fortifies the river, _ib._; shuts Confederates in, _ib._

_Porcupine_, American schooner, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 295.

_Porpoise_, American schooner, in fleet sent to South America to punish pirates, iii. 331.

Port Hudson, Farragut runs his squadron past, iv. 357; the _Albatross_, _Monongahela_, and _Kineo_ successfully pass the batteries of, 358; the _Mississippi_ and the _Lancaster_ fired and sunk below, _ib._

Porter, Midshipman David, assists Lieutenant Rodgers in charge of captured French frigate _Insurgent_, i. 323; sent to Tripoli, 335; sent from the _Enterprise_ to take possession of the _Tripoli_, 335, 336; lands and fires gun-boats in the port of Tripoli, 340; surrenders to the Tripolitans, 343; his experience and training, ii. 33, 34; captures the corvette _Alert_, 42; crew of, plan a rescue, 44; receives an insulting challenge from Sir James Yeo, 348; starts on a second cruise in the _Essex_, iii. 1; cruises off Port Praya, 2; captures the British brig _Nocton_, _ib._; reaches Fernando de Noronha, 3; Bainbridge directs him to pose as Sir James Yeo, _ib._; captures the schooner _Elizabeth_, 4; left free to choose his own course, _ib._; rounds Cape Horn, _ib._; dysentery among his crew, 5, 6; encounters fearful storms, 6; a panic on board, _ib._; sails for Valparaiso, 7; overhauls the _Nereyda_, throws her guns and arms overboard, _ib._; disguises his ship, 8; captures the British whalers _Barclay_, _Montezuma_, _Georgiana_, and _Policy_, _ib._; captures the whalers _Atlantic_ and _Greenwich_, _ib._; forms a squadron, 10; captures the whaler _Charlton_, the ships _Seringapatam_ and _New Zealander_, 14; captures the _Sir Andrew Hammond_, 16; refits his ship at Nukahiva, _ib._; the prisoners plan to capture the Yankee force, 21; an incipient mutiny, _ib._; he sails from Nukahiva, 23; waits for the British frigate, the _Phœbe_, 24; gives a reception to the officials of the city, 25; the _Phœbe_ arrives and attempts to attack him, 25–28; he challenges the _Phœbe_, 29; a heavy squall interferes, 31; the _Essex_ disabled and the enemy gives chase, _ib._; Porter retires into neutral waters, 32; Porter’s running gear disabled, 36; he surrenders his ship, 43; is sent to New York on the _Essex, Junior_, 49; escapes in a fog, _ib._; aids the defence of Baltimore, 53; services, death, and burial, _ib._; operating against the pirates of South America, iii. 333; endeavors to get support of the local governments, _ib._; compels a Porto Rico alcalde to show respect to American officers, 336; court-martialed, _ib._; is suspended and resigns his commission, _ib._

Porter, Commander David D., his idea of attacking New Orleans, iv. 313; finds New Orleans fishermen good spies, _ib._; arranges the expedition, _ib._; commands the mortar fleet up the Mississippi River, 325; placed in charge of the Mississippi squadron, 349; tin-clads added to his squadron, _ib._; tries to get in behind Vicksburg, 358; is unsuccessful, 363; attacks the fortifications of Grand Gulf, 367; sent with General Banks’s expedition to Shreveport, La., 369; arrives at Alexandria, 370; captures the _Abby Bradford_ from the _Sumter_, 413; disagreement with General Butler at Fort Fisher, 508.

Porter, Captain John, in command of the _Greyhound_ in South America, iii. 333.

Porter, Confederate Navy Constructor J. L., assists in making the working drawings for the _Merrimac_, iv. 185.

Porter, Captain William D., iv. 249; in Commodore Foote’s fleet, 255; severely scalded, 265.

Portland, Maine, atrocities of the British at, i. 24–26, 32; influence of atrocities, 196.

_Port Royal_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389; capture of, 162–182.

_Portsmouth_, American frigate, in the bombardment of Chinese forts, iii. 380–382.

_Potomac_, American frigate, attacks and punishes the Malays at Quallah Battoo, iii. 373–375.

_Powhatan_, Federal frigate, captures the _Abby Bradford_ from the _Sumter_, iv. 413.

_Preble_, American sloop. See _Rising Sun_.

Preble, Captain Edward, i. 26; in command of the _Constitution_, 346; attacks the city of Tripoli, 359; Congress gives him a gold medal, 378.

Preble, Lieutenant George H., iv. 315.

_President_, American frigate, built, i. 312; sent to Tripoli, 335; encounters and is fired on by the corvette _Little Belt_, ii. 7; Captain John Rodgers sent to look for the _Guerrière_, 8; chases the British frigate _Belvidera_, 29–32; the frigate escapes, 32; mentioned, 121; chases the _Nymphe_, 151; chases the _Curlew_, 358; a lieutenant of the _President_ boards the _Highflyer_, _ib._; special efforts ordered to capture the _President_, 359; termed “The Waggon” by the British, 360; Decatur transferred to, iii. 212; attacked by the British fleet, 216; surrenders, 222; is carried to the Bermudas, 226; her dimensions, 227.

Press-gang riots in Boston, i. 395, 397.

Press-gangs, raised in England, i. 156; methods of the, 386, 387; number of Americans enslaved by the, ii. 2–4.

Prevost, Sir George, attacks Sackett’s Harbor, ii. 345; mistakes trees for troops, 346; in command of “Wellington’s Invincibles” at Plattsburg, iii. 147; defeated, 169, 170; dies of chagrin, 183.

_Price_, Confederate gun-boat, rams the _Cincinnati_, iv. 293; disabled by the _Carondelet_, 294.

_Prince de Neufchâtel_, American privateer, ii. 253; attacked by the British frigate _Endymion_, iii. 202–207.

_Prince of Orange_, British brig, captured by the _Surprise_, i. 124, 125.

_Prince Regent_, British ship, iii. 129.

_Princeton_, Ericsson’s first screw steamship, iv. 12; Captain Stockton assigned to her, 14; the “Peacemaker,” one of her guns, bursts, _ib._; her success pronounced, _ib._

Pring, Captain, in the battle of Lake Champlain, iii. 166; surrenders, _ib._

Prisoners, American, in England, bad treatment of, i. 122.

Prisons, British, iii. 288–304.

Privateer and a letter of marque, difference between, iii. 242.

Privateers, commissioned by Congress, i. 33; authorized by General Court of Massachusetts, 196; by Connecticut and Rhode Island, 197; by General Washington, _ib._; work accomplished by them up to 1777, 217; another account of them, 220, 221; captured prisoners from privateers on prison-ship _Jersey_, 221–226; result of licensing of, iii. 324.

Privateers, American, capture sixteen English cruisers during the Revolutionary War, i. 302.

Privateers in the War of 1812, only a few made money, ii. 233–258; two hundred and fifty commissioned during the war, 240.

Proctor, General, his incursion into Ohio prevented by the result of the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 333.

_Protector_, American gun-ship, blows up the British privateer _Admiral Duff_, i. 207; beats off the frigate _Thames_, _ib._

_Providence_, brig of first American Navy, i. 39, 57; commanded by Captain John P. Rathburne, descends on New Providence, Bahamas, 186.

_Quaker City_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Quallah Battoo, Malays of, attacked by the American frigate _Potomac_, iii. 373, 374; bombarded by the _Columbia_, 376.

_Queen Charlotte_, British ship, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 296; sunk in Little Bay, 337.

_Queen of France_, American ship, i. 280, 281.

_Queen of the West_, Federal ram, at Fort Pillow, iv. 301; sinks the _Lowell_, _ib._; rammed by the _Beauregard_, _ib._; sent to attack Port Hudson, 351; abandoned by the Federals, 352.

_Racehorse_, British brig, captured by the _Andrea Doria_, i. 69.

Radford, Captain William, absent from duty, iv. 201.

_Rainbow_, British gun-ship, captures the _Hancock_, i. 185.

Rais Hammida, the terror of the Mediterranean, iii. 344, 346; killed, 347.

_Raleigh_, American man-of-war, sent to France, i. 130; attacks the _Druid_, 131; loads her supplies, 132; returns to America, 133; captured, 194.

_Raleigh_, Confederate gun-boat, assists in taking crew off the _Congress_, iv. 208.

_Randolph_, American frigate, i. 160; blown up, 162.

Ransom paid to the Dey of Algiers, i. 309, 310.

Ransom, Lieutenant George M., iv. 315.

Rathbone, Captain John P., i. 186; releases American prisoners, _ib._; commands the _Queen of France_, 281.

_Rattlesnake_, American ship, captured by the _Leander_, ii. 387.

Ravenel, Dr. St. Julien, aids in fitting out torpedo boats, iv. 497.

_Razee_, a line-of-battle ship, ii. 403, iii. 56.

Read, Lieutenant Charles W., appointed to command the _Clarence_, iv. 424; captures the _Tacony_ and burns the _Clarence_, _ib._; captures the _Archer_ and cuts out the _Caleb Cushing_, _ib._; captured, _ib._

Red River, Texas, blockaded, iv. 358.

Red River dam, iv. 372–374.

_Reefer_, American schooner, iii. 410.

Reid, Commodore George C., bombards and burns Malay towns, iii. 375–379.

Reid, Captain Samuel C., sails from New York Harbor, iii. 187; arrives at Fayal, _ib._; the brig _Carnation_, accompanied by the _Plantagenet_ and the frigate _Rota_; enter the harbor, 188; attacked in a neutral port, 189; heavy loss of the enemy, _ib._; the population gather to watch the issue, 190; the _Carnation_ attacks with a fleet of boats, _ib._; a fierce hand-to-hand fight, 192; he scuttles and abandons his ship, 200; returns home, 201; is enthusiastically received and honored, _ib._; his pedigree, _ib._; originated the arrangement of the stars and stripes in the American flag, _ib._; dies in New York City, _ib._

Reilly, Lieutenant James, iii. 81.

_Reindeer_, British brig-sloop, captured by the _Wasp_ (No. 3), iii. 88; armament of, 91; the wounded of, sent to Plymouth, _ib._

Renshaw, Master-commandant James, on the _Enterprise_ after the _Boxer-Enterprise_ battle, ii. 386.

_Reprisal_, American brig, captures a number of prizes, i. 70; fight with the _Shark_, 71; Franklin sails for France on the, 114; close call of, 118; ordered to leave France, 119; founders, _ib._

_Resolute_, Federal steamer, at Acquia Creek, iv. 81.

_Resolution_, British brig, captured by the _Hornet_, ii. 181, 191.

_Retaliation_, American gun-ship, formerly the French ship _Croyable_, i. 316, 330, 400.

_Revenge_, American sloop, i. 89.

_Revenge_, American man-of-war, i. 126; takes numerous prizes, _ib._

Rhind, Commander A. C., iv. 480; Commander of the _Louisiana_, 510.

Rhode Island, first naval fight in waters of, i. 2.

_Richmond_, United States screw sloop, iv. 16; Captain Thornton A. Jenkins, 386.

Richmond, Va., railroad communication cut off from, iv. 267.

Ricot, Captain, in Paul Jones’s fleet, i. 232.

Rifled cannon introduced into the American Navy, iv. 20, 21.

_Rising Sun_, American sloop, renamed the _Preble_, iii. 136, 138, 140.

“River Defence Squadron,” Confederate, iv. 297.

_Roanoke_, United States screw frigate, launched, iv. 15.

Roanoke Island, expedition to, iv. 109.

Robertson, Lieutenant John Downie, in the battle of Lake Champlain, iii. 165.

Robinson, Captain Isaiah, i. 69; captures the _Racehorse_, _ib._

Rodgers, Rear-admiral John, with Midshipman David Porter and others, sail the captured frigate _Insurgent_ with 173 French on her, i. 323; brings the ship safely into St. Kitts, _ib._; ready to move his fleet in one hour, ii. 28; starts to intercept a big fleet of merchantmen, 29; chases the _Belvidera_, _ib._; fires the first shot of the War of 1812, 30; his leg broken, 31; the frigate escapes him, 32; cruises and captures merchantmen and recaptures an American ship, _ib._; challenged by the _Guerrière_, 72; sails from Boston, 121; chases the British frigate _Nymphe_, 151; chases the _Curlew_, 358; falls in with the British schooner _Highflyer_, and secures her book of private signals and instructions, _ib._; value and usefulness of the book, 359; ordered to report to General Frémont, iv. 241; buys and fits out merchant-vessels, _ib._; relieved of his command, 250; appointed head of Board of Naval Officers, 527.

Rodgers, Captain John, iv. 480.

Rodgers, Commander George W., killed on the _Catskill_, iv. 480, 491.

Rodgers, Captain R. C. P., at Port Royal, iv. 163.

Rodman, Captain United States Ordnance Department, his experience with heavy guns, iv. 18, 20.

_Rodolph_, Federal wrecking steamer, sunk by a torpedo, iv. 406.

_Roebuck_, British frigate, captures the _Confederacy_, i. 298.

Roosevelt, Clinton, proposed steel-plated ship, iv. 9.

Rooster, a sporting, iii. 155.

_Rose_, British ship, captured by Lieutenant Downes, iii. 10; sent to St. Helena as a cartel, 12.

_Rota_, British frigate, in the attack on the _General Armstrong_, iii. 188–200.

Rowan, Captain Stephen C., iv. 99; destroys the Confederate fleet at Roanoke Island, 110.

_Royal Savage_, American schooner, i. 89.

_Royal Yacht_, Confederate privateer, blockaded by the _Santee_ in Galveston, iv. 138.

Russell, Lieutenant John H., iv. 314.

Russell, Lord, correspondence about the _Trent_ affair, iv. 150–152; letter of, on the closing of Charleston Harbor, 471, 472.

_S. J. Waring_, merchantman, captured by Confederate privateer _Jefferson Davis_, iv. 91.

_Sabine_, Federal sailing ship, rescues the crew of the _Governor_, iv. 167.

Sackett’s Harbor, N. Y., chosen as a naval station, ii. 264; attacked by the British, 345.

Sailors, kidnapped, cruelty to, on British ships, i. 387.

Sailor’s rights ignored by politicians, ii. 18.

St. Eustatius, Governor of, gives first salute to the American flag, i. 69.

_St. James_, American privateer, beats off a British frigate, i. 206.

St. John’s, British fleet built at, i. 87.

St. Laurent, Captain, deceived by Captain Bainbridge, i. 317.

_St. Lawrence_, British liner, iii. 129.

_St. Louis_, Commodore Foote’s flagship, disabled, iv. 271; Captain Henry Erben commands, 289.

_Sally_, purchased by first Marine Committee, i. 39.

Saltonstall, Captain Dudley, i. 46; commands the _Trumbull_, 164; captain of the _Warren_, 283.

Samoa, hurricane at, iv. 554.

Sand-bar, lifting vessels over a, ii. 289, 290.

San Diego, Cal., John C. Frémont takes possession of, iii. 394.

_Sandwich_, American privateer, cut out of Puerto Plata by Lieutenant Isaac Hull, i. 329.

_San Jacinto_, American frigate, iii. 380.

_San Jacinto_, United States screw sloop, iv. 15; Mason and Slidell, Confederate Commissioners, taken to Boston in, 148. See _Mason, James Murray_.

San Juan de Ulloa, a castle on Gallega Reef, Vera Cruz, fortification of, iii. 418.

Santa Anna, Mexican General, landed from the American fleet at Vera Cruz, iii. 424; the American Government negotiates with him to return to Mexico, 427; escorted up the streets of Vera Cruz, _ib._; is recognized by a squad of soldiers and saluted, _ib._; again master of Mexican affairs, _ib._

_Santee_, Federal frigate, blockades Galveston, iv. 137.

Saranac River, the British retire from, iii. 136.

_Saratoga_, American frigate, i. 287; captures the _Charming Molly_ and two other ships, 292; lost in a hurricane, 293.

_Saratoga_, American privateer, ii. 253.

_Saratoga_, American corvette, iii. 137, 138; Macdonough’s flagship in the battle of Lake Champlain, 155.

_Sassacus_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 456.

_Savannah_, American frigate, iii. 392.

_Savannah_, Confederate privateer, captures brig _Joseph_, iv. 88; captured by Federal brig _Perry_, 89.

_Sciota_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 315.

_Scorpion_, American gun-boat, ii. 292.

_Scorpion_, American cutter, ii. 408.

_Scorpion_, American schooner, captured by the British, iii. 110.

Scott, Lieutenant-colonel Winfield, at Black Rock, ii. 275; takes possession of Squaw Island, 278; hauls down the British flag, 344.

_Scourge_, American privateer, ii. 253.

_Scourge_, American schooner, ii. 350.

_Seahorse_, American tender, makes a gallant fight against the British fleet, iii. 233–235.

Sea-power, American, in 1812, ii. 21; of Great Britain, 22.

Search, the right of, on the high seas, i. 387; reaffirmed, ii. 19.

_Seine_, French privateer, captured by the American schooner _Enterprise_, i. 330.

Selfredge, Lieutenant-commander T. O., iv. 369.

Selfredge, Lieutenant-commander T. O., Jr., at Fort Fisher, iv. 519.

Self-restraint of Americans, iii. 303.

Selkirk, Earl of, house of, surrounded by Paul Jones, i. 147, 148.

_Selma_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 380.

Selman, Captain John, captures ten British vessels and Governor Wright of St. John’s, i. 203.

_Seminole_, Federal frigate, iv. 163.

_Seminole_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389.

Semmes, Commander Raphael, his ship capsizes and he loses half the crew, iii. 417; takes command of Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 408; chases the _Brooklyn_, 409; captures the _Golden Rocket_, 410; takes five prizes into Cuba, 411; takes the _Abby Bradford_ to Venezuela, 412; the _Powhatan_ captures her, 413; some of his captures, 415; his ship sold to English blockade-runners, _ib._; Brazil authorities allow him to use Fernando de Noronha as headquarters, 427; appointed to command of _Alabama_, 431; ships his officers and men at Terceira, _ib._; encounters the _San Jacinto_, 432; captures the _Ariel_, _ib._; goes to Galveston to intercept transports, _ib._; captures the _Hatteras_, _ib._; his reception at Cape Town, 434; his gallantry, 435; cruises in the East Indies, 436; fight with the _Kearsarge_, 438–441; rescued by the yacht _Deerhound_, 442; his reception in England, 447.

_Seneca_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 163.

Senez, Captain Andre, surrenders to Captain Little of the _Boston_, i. 328, 329.

Sentiment, a touching tale of, iii. 243, 244.

_Serapis_, British frigate, encounters the _Bonhomme Richard_, i. 243; fight with the latter, 245–259; surrenders, 259; comparative strength of the two ships, 265.

_Seringapatam_, British ship, captured by Porter, iii. 14.

_Severn_, British ship, ii. 421.

Seward, William H., his reply to the despatch of the British Government relative to the _Trent_ affair, iv. 154–156.

Sewell’s Point, Confederate batteries erected at, iv. 195.

Shajackuda Creek, Niagara River, expedition starts from, ii. 275; route opened up by Perry, 287.

_Shannon_, British frigate, ii. 55; blockades Boston, 200; challenges the _Chesapeake_, 203; captures her, 209–221; arrives at Halifax, 222; comparison of the two ships, 229.

_Shark_, American brig, captures five pirate vessels, iii. 331.

_Shark_, British sloop, fight of, with American brig _Reprisal_, i. 71.

Shaw, Lieutenant, captures the French privateer _Seine_, i. 330.

Sheed, William W., Sailing-master, attacks the British, ii. 402.

_Shelburne_, British schooner, assists in capturing the _Frolic_, iii. 65.

_Shenandoah_, Confederate cruiser, destroys American whaling and sealing fleets, iv. 447.

Sherman, Captain, “bravest man in the Confederate squadrons,” iv. 321, 329, 340.

Sherman, General Thomas W., commands a force against Port Royal, iv. 164.

Shipbuilder, the private, a factor in the sea power of a nation, iv. 38.

Shipbuilding after the Revolution, i. 304.

Ship-masts retained for use of the crown, i. 15.

Shirk, Lieutenant, supports Grant at Pittsburg Landing, iv. 284; commander of Federal gun-boat _Tuscumbia_, iv. 363.

Shreveport, La., General Banks sent on expedition to, to frustrate designs of Napoleon III., iv. 368.

Shubrick, Lieutenant J. T., boards the _Peacock_ and endeavors to save the ship from sinking, ii. 184.

Shubrick, Commodore William Bradford, in command of the Pacific Coast Squadron, iii. 401.

“Siege of Plattsburg,” a popular song, iii. 184.

_Silver Wave_, Federal Army transport, before Vicksburg, iv. 364.

_Simcoe_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

_Simes_, British schooner, sunk, ii. 271.

Sinclair, Captain Arthur, sent to take charge of the American fleet west of the Niagara, iii. 106; sails into Lake Huron, 107; destroys St. Joseph, _ib._; destroys a block-house, 108; returns to Detroit, 109.

_Sir Andrew Hammond_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 16; recaptured by the _Cherub_, 50.

_Sir George Prevost_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

_Sir James Yeo_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

_Sir Sidney Beckwith_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

_Sir William Erskine_, British sloop, attacked and captured by the American privateer _Thorn_, i. 209.

_Siren_, American brig, accompanies Decatur on his expedition to fire the _Philadelphia_, i. 348–350; John B. Nicholson placed in command of, iii. 78; cruises on the coast of Africa, _ib._; is captured, 79.

Slave traffic on the coast of Africa, iii. 360; Admiral Foote’s efforts to stamp it out, 363–367.

Slavers, chasing, on the African coast, iii. 360–361.

Slavery, kidnapped sailors subjected to a state of, i. 387.

Slidell, John, Confederate commissioner to France. See _Mason, James Murray_.

Sloat, Captain John Drake, takes possession of Monterey, California, iii. 392; gives up command of the squadron, 394.

Smith, Lieutenant Albert N., iv. 315.

Smith, Lieutenant Joseph B., attacked by the _Merrimac_, iv. 207; stands by his ship until killed, 208.

Smith, Commander Melancthon, iv. 314.

Smith, Lieutenant Sydney, indiscreet zeal of, iii. 136.

_Solebay_, British frigate, fights with American brig _Providence_, under Paul Jones, i. 74.

_Somers_, American brig, enters Vera Cruz harbor and fires the _Creole_, iii. 417; capsizes and drowns half her crew, _ib._

_Somers_, American schooner, captured by the British, iii. 111.

_Somers_, American schooner, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 295.

_Somers_, overturned while chasing a blockade-runner, iii. 417.

Somers, Commandant Richard, assists in attack on the city of Tripoli, i. 359–367; blown up on the _Intrepid_, 378.

Somers, Captain, fights five duels in succession, iii. 315–317.

_Somerset_, Fulton ferryboat, captures the blockade-runner _Circassian_, iv. 37.

Somerville, Captain Philip, assists in the attack on the _General Armstrong_, iii. 194.

Sorel River, invaded by “Wellington’s Invincibles,” iii. 135.

Soulé, Pierre, Senator and Minister to Spain, iv. 338.

South Carolina islands, as described by Jedidiah Morse, iv. 31.

_Southampton_, British frigate, flagship of Sir James L. Yeo, ii. 348.

Southcombe, Captain, fights off nine British barges, iii. 204.

Southern States dependent on commerce for necessaries of life, iv. 46; their lack of factories and mills before the Civil War, _ib._

_Southfield_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 454.

_Sparlin_, British sloop, captured by the _Thorn_, i. 209.

_Spitfire_, American merchantman, stopped by the _Guerrière_, ii. 7.

_Spitfire_, British sloop, ii. 359.

Spies, New Orleans fishermen as, iv. 313.

Sproats, David, inhuman conduct of, i. 224.

Spy service of Federal government not as good as the Confederate, iv. 189.

Squaw Island, N. Y., the _Detroit_ grounds on, ii. 278.

Stanton, Edward, Secretary of War, his views of the victory of the _Merrimac_, iv. 211–212.

_Star of the West_, Federal steamer, first shot of the Civil War fired at, iii. 363; taken by the Confederates, _ib._

Stars and Stripes first saluted by a foreign power, i. 138.

_State of Georgia_, Federal warship, iv. 237.

Steamboats under fire of heavy guns, iv. 252.

Steam-rams, first fight of, in history, iv. 307.

Stembel, Captain R. N., before Fort Pillow, iv. 289; badly wounded, 294.

Sterrett, Lieutenant Andrew, sent to Tripoli, i. 335; appointed to command the _Enterprise_, ii. 373; captures the _Tripoli_, _ib._

_Stettin_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Stevens, Captain T. H., at Port Royal, iv. 163.

Stevens, Robert L., invents first ironclad, iv. 9.

Stevens, Commander Thomas Holdup, iv. 386; in charge of Federal fleet to carry Fort Sumter by storm, 494.

Stewart, Lord George, commander in the attack on the _Constitution_ at Porto Praya, iii. 260.

Stewart, Captain Charles, sails from Boston, iii. 242; overhauls and captures the British war-schooner _Picton_, _ib._; falls in with the British frigate _La Pique_, 243; finds the British frigates _Junon_ and _Tenedos_ lying in wait for him, 244; escapes to Marblehead, _ib._; returns to Boston, 245; sails out of Boston while blockade squadron is off port, _ib._; captures British merchant ship, _Lord Nelson_, _ib._; chases the _Elizabeth_, but captures the _Susan_, 245; chased by the frigates _Tiber_ and _Elizabeth_, 246; escapes, _ib._; encounters the frigate _Cyane_ and sloop-of-war _Levant_, 247; opens fire on both ships, 249; the _Cyane_ surrenders to, 252; the _Levant_ surrenders to, 255; sails to Porto Praya with his captures, 260; the _Newcastle_, _Leander_, and _Acasta_ surprise him, 260; the _Newcastle_ opens fire, 265; the _Constitution_ sails away free, _ib._; her last fight, 268.

Stivers, A. C., Chief Engineer of the _Monitor_, iv. 216.

Stockton, Captain Robert Field, succeeds Captain Sloat in command of the Pacific Squadron, iii. 394; lands and attacks Los Angeles, _ib._; novel trick to deceive the enemy, _ib._; organizes a state government, 397; is succeeded by Commodore Shubrick, 401; his trip on Ericsson’s _Francis B. Ogden_, iv. 10; he induces Ericsson to come to America, 11; assigned to the _Princeton_, 14.

Stoddert, Benjamin, Secretary of Navy, i. 334.

“Stone Fleet,” sinking of the, iv. 470.

_Stonewall Jackson_, Confederate ironclad, iv. 333; rams the _Varuna_ and sinks her, 334; is driven ashore by the _Oneida_ and _Cayuga_, _ib._

Stoney, Theodore D., Charleston citizen, builds, at his own expense, a number of “Davids,” iv. 497.

Stringham, Flag Officer Silas H., assigned to command of Hatteras Island expedition, iv. 99.

Strong, Commander James H., iv. 389.

Submarine torpedo vessel, principles and construction of a, i. 165–170; experiments made to prove the nature and use of a, 172.

Sullivan’s Island, Charleston, S. C., iv. 469.

Sumatra, attack of natives of, on American ship _Friendship_, iii. 368.

_Sumter_, Confederate gun-boat, rams the _Cincinnati_ at Fort Pillow, iv. 293; surrenders, 302.

_Sumter_, Confederate ship, captured at Fort Pillow, iv. 302.

_Sumter_, Confederate cruiser, iv. 407; Captain Semmes takes command of, 408; captures the _Abby Bradford_, 412; cruises in the Caribbean Sea, 413; on the Brazil coast, 414; is chased by _Iroquois_, _ib._; goes to Spain and Gibraltar, 415; expense of, to the Confederate Government, 416; sold and converted into an English merchant-ship, _ib._; runs the blockade of Charleston, _ib._; name changed to the _Gibraltar_, _ib._; lost in the North Sea, _ib._

_Superior_, American frigate, iii. 113.

Superiority of British naval crews, i. 60.

Superstition, sailors’, iii. 78, 79.

_Surprise_, American brig, renamed the _Eagle_, iii. 139.

_Surprise_, American cutter, i. 123; captures the ship _Joseph_ and the brig _Prince of Orange_, 124; detained in France by the British ambassador, 125.

_Surveyor_, American schooner, attacked and overpowered by the British frigate _Narcissus_, ii. 417.

_Susquehanna_, American ship, sent to Japan in 1851, iii. 443.

_Susquehanna_, Federal frigate, iv. 163.

_Sylph_, American schooner, ii. 349.

Symonds, Sir William, his opinion of Ericsson’s _Francis B. Ogden_, iv. 10.

Tabasco, Mexico, captured by Commodore M. C. Perry, iii. 414.

_Tacony_, captured by Captain Read of the _Clarence_, iv. 424.

_Tapanagouche_, British schooner sent to capture Captain Jeremiah O’Brien, i. 23.

Tarbell, Captain, unsuccessfully attacks the becalmed British fleet in Hampton Roads, ii. 395.

_Tartarus_, English brig-sloop, iii. 93.

Tattnall, Commodore Josiah, takes part in the English attack on Chinese forts, iii. 382; attacks the Castle of San Juan de Ulloa in the siege of Vera Cruz, 420–423; commands a squadron of four vessels sent in to divert the attention of the Mexicans, 424; exchanges places with a brother officer on the _Constellation_, and so saves his life, 354; commands the Confederate fleet at Savannah, iv. 168; his worthless flotilla, _ib._; attacked by the Federal fleet and retires, 171; destroys the _Merrimac_, 236, 237.

Tayloe, Lieutenant, killed while assisting the Union wounded out of the _Congress_, iv. 209.

Taylor, Captain John, chased by Captain Lawrence of the _Hornet_, ii. 181.

Taylor, Thomas E., leading blockade-runner, iv. 57.

Tea destroyed in Boston Harbor, i. 13.

_Teaser_, privateer of New York, ii. 245.

_Teaser_, American blockade-runner, iv. 60.

_Tecumseh_, British gun-boat, iii. 145.

_Tecumseh_, Federal monitor, iv. 386; sunk by a torpedo, 394.

_Tenedos_, British frigate, captures the American frigate _President_, iii. 222; goes in chase of the _Constitution_, 244.

_Tennessee_, Confederate ram, iv. 380.

Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers, how far navigable, iv. 240.

Tennessee opened up by the capture of Fort Henry, iv. 266; railroad communication cut off from, 267.

Terceira, a Portuguese island, officers and crew of the _Alabama_ shipped from, iv. 431.

Terry, General Alfred H., at Fort Fisher, iv. 516.

Texas, Napoleon III. tries to persuade, to secede from the Confederacy, iv. 367–368.

_Thalia_, British frigate, ii. 29.

_Thames_, British frigate, attacks American gun-ship _Protector_, i. 207.

Thatcher, Master Charles, iv. 370.

_Theodora_, Confederate blockade-runner, carries Mason and Slidell to Cuba, iv. 141.

_Thetis_, British frigate, chased by Porter and escapes, ii. 38.

_Thomas_, American privateer, ii. 252.

_Thompson_, Confederate ram, sunk at Fort Pillow, iv. 302.

Thompson, Captain Egbert, before Fort Pillow, iv. 290.

Thompson, Captain Thomas, i. 130; sent to France for supplies, _ib._; returns to America, 132–133.

_Thorn_, American privateer, attacks and strikes the _Governor Tryon_ and _Sir William Erskine_, i. 209; captures the _Sparlin_, _ib._; captured by the _Deane_, 284, 287.

_Ticonderoga_, American schooner, iii. 137–139.

_Tigress_, American schooner, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 295; captured by the British, iii. 109.

Tilghman, General Lloyd, surrenders Fort Henry to Commodore Foote, iv. 265–266.

Tillinghast, Lieutenant T. G., iii. 81.

Tin-clads, light-draft steamers in Admiral Porter’s squadron, iv. 349.

Tiptonville, Pope shuts Confederates in by occupying, iv. 276.

_Toey-wan_, steamer chartered by Captain Tattnall in the attack on Chinese forts, iii. 382–384.

Tombigbee Channel, Mobile, lined with torpedoes, iv. 406.

_Tom Bowline_, store-ship for Decatur’s fleet, iii. 271.

_Tompkins_, American ship, ii. 352.

Toronto, Canada, Americans plan to attack, ii. 339; a force under General Dearborn sent to attack, 340; stores and prisoners taken, 342.

Torpedo boat, the first one built, i. 164; general principles and construction of a submarine vessel, 165.

Torpedoes made of whiskey demijohns, iv. 350.

Townsend, Commander Robert, iv. 369.

Trabangan, Malay settlement, natives of, capture the American merchant-ship _Eclipse_ and kill Captain Wilkins, iii. 374–379.

“Tracking” up a river, ii. 287.

_Trajano_, Brazilian rebel warship, iv. 548.

_Transit_, New London merchant-ship, captured by Confederate privateers, iv. 97.

Treaty of Ghent, terms and conditions of, iii. 209; the real cause of the war ignored in the treaty, 210.

Tredegar Iron Mills, Richmond, Va., the only gun and engine factory possessed by the South at the outbreak of the Civil War, iv. 46.

Trenchard, Lieutenant Stephen Decatur, wounded in a fight with Chinese, iii. 382.

_Trent_, British mail steamer, Confederate Commissioners Mason and Slidell taken from, iv. 148; attitude of the British Government in regard to the seizure, 150–152; instructions to Lord Lyons, 152, 153; reply of Mr. Seward to the despatch of the British Government, iv. 154; review of Mr. Seward’s reply, 154–158; Commodore Smith’s comment on the reply, 156.

_Trenton_, United States cruiser, ashore at Samoa, iv. 554.

_Trepassy_, British brig, surrenders to the _Alliance_, i. 298.

Tribute, paid to Algerian pirates by America, iii. 339; by England, 340.

Tripoli declares war against America, i. 333; pays indemnity to United States, iii. 357.

_Tripoli_, war polacre, is beaten by the American schooner _Enterprise_, i. 335.

Tripolitans, treachery of, i. 335, 336.

_Trippe_, American sloop, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 295.

Trippe, Sailing-master John, at attack on city of Tripoli, i. 366.

Tristan d’Acunha, Island of, in the South Atlantic, Jonathan Lambert pre-empts, iii. 270, 271; a breeding resort for seals, _ib._; Decatur makes it a rendezvous, _ib._

_True Briton_, captured by the _Randolph_, i. 160.

_Trumbull_, American galley, i. 89, 164.

_Trumbull_, American ship, captures two British transports, i. 164; cruises along American coast with a crew of landsmen, 290; is nearly disabled, 291; attacked by three British ships and surrenders, 295–297.

Truxton, Captain Thomas, captures prizes in the Azores, i. 205; cuts out three ships from the British fleet, _ib._; fits out the _Mars_ and cruises in the English Channel, _ib._; involves France in war with England, 206; successfully beats off a British frigate, _ib._; Captain of the _Constellation_, compels the French frigate _Vengeance_ to fight, 323; loses her in the night, 328.

_Truxton_, American brig, grounded before Tuspan, Mexico, and is captured, iii. 410.

Tucker, John, Assistant Secretary of War, asks Commodore Vanderbilt his terms for destroying the _Merrimac_, iv. 212.

Tucker, Captain Samuel, captures thirty British vessels, i. 203.

Tunis, brought to terms by the American fleet, i. 378, 379; pays indemnity to United States for seizing the _Abellino_ prizes, iii. 353.

_Tuscumbia_, Federal gun-boat in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, iv. 363.

Tybee Bar, Savannah, coal-ships ordered to go to, iv. 165.

_Unadilla_, Federal frigate, iv. 163; attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, 474.

_Underwriter_, Federal gun-boat, boarded and destroyed by John Taylor Wood, iv. 452.

_Unicorn_, British frigate, captures the _Raleigh_, i. 194.

_United States_, American frigate, built, i. 312.

United States Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere, members of, iii. 464.

_United States_, frigate, falls in with the _Eurydice_ and _Atalanta_, ii. 16; cruises between the Azores and the Canary Islands, 121; encounters the _Macedonian_, 122; battle with, 125–134; losses after the battle, 139; comparison of the forces of the two ships, 140; blockaded in New London, 150.

United States Government abrogates all treaties with France, i. 314.

_United We Stand_, American privateer, ii. 253.

Valcour Island, Lake Champlain, fight between Benedict Arnold and Sir Guy Carleton at, i. 92–99.

Van Brunt, Captain G. I., iv. 99.

_Vandalia_, United States warship, sank at Samoa in a hurricane, iv. 554.

_Vandalia_, Federal sailing-ship, iv. 163; sails from Hampton Roads with a fleet of coal schooners in charge, 165; encounters a hurricane, 166.

Vanderbilt, Commodore Cornelius, asked for what sum he would destroy the _Merrimac_, iv. 212.

_Van Dorn_, Confederate gun-boat, rams the _Mound City_ and disables her, iv. 294.

_Varuna_, Federal screw corvette, iv. 314.

Vaughan, Captain William, at Sackett’s Harbor, ii. 267; drives off the British, 268.

_Vengeance_, American brig, in Paul Jones’s fleet, i. 232.

_Vengeance_, French frigate, fight with the _Constellation_, i. 323; surrenders, 327; slips away in the night to Curaçao, 328; returned to France, 330.

Vera Cruz, Mexico, siege and blockade of, by Americans, iii. 417–424; the city captured, 424–427; the navy’s part in the capture, 424.

Vergennes, Vt., Macdonough builds the _Saratoga_ there, iii. 137.

_Vesuvius_, United States dynamite cruiser, iv. 540.

Veterans of the Peninsular War sent to subjugate America, iii. 135.

Vicksburg, Admiral Farragut’s fleet arrives at, iv. 341; moves made against, by way of the Yazoo River country, 350; they failed, _ib._; General Grant arrives before, 351; Admiral Porter tries to get in behind, 358–363; Grant surrounds, 363.

_Victor_, British gun-boat, captures the _Hancock_, i. 185.

_Vigilant_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Vincennes_, American ship, sent to Japan in 1845, iii. 440.

_Vincennes_, Federal war-ship, iv. 129; misunderstands signals, 133, 134.

_Viper_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

_Virginia_, American frigate, grounded in Chesapeake Bay, i. 186.

_Virginia_, English frigate, i. 284.

_Virginia_, a name given to the reconstructed _Merrimac_, but not used, iv. 189.

_Vixen_, American cruiser, in the attack on Tripoli, i. 374.

_Vixen_, American brig, captured by British frigate _Southampton_, ii. 348.

_Vixen_, American steamer, in attack on Alvarado, iii. 410.

_Voluntaire_, French frigate, i. 316.

_Wabash_, United States screw frigate, iv. 15; commanded by Captain Samuel Mercer, 99; Captain C. R. P. Rodgers, commander, 163.

_Wachusett_, Federal frigate, captures the _Florida_, iv. 424.

Wadsworth, Captain Alexander Scammel, appointed to the _Constellation_, iii. 327.

“Waggon, The,” a contemptuous term applied to the frigate _President_ by the British, ii. 360.

Wales, Captain R. W., fights a battle with the _Peacock_, iii. 68–71; surrenders, 71; his ship is carried into Savannah, 77.

Walke, Commander Henry, in charge of transport _Supply_, iv. 115; disobeys orders, _ib._; is court-martialed, 116; appointed to command the _Taylor_, 250; convoys General Grant down the Mississippi, 251; in command of gun-boat _Taylor_, 251; gallant conduct of, 252; his timely aid, _ib._; commands the _Carondelet_ in Commodore Foote’s fleet, 255; his seeming insolence to Commodore Foote, 266; commences the attack on Fort Donelson, 268; diverts the Confederates’ attention from Grant, 271; successfully runs the _Carondelet_ past the batteries of Island No. 10, 281; resourcefulness of, 282; passes six forts, under fire of fifty guns, 283; aids the _Cincinnati_, 294.

_Walker_, American whaler, captured by the Peruvian cruiser _Nereyda_, iii. 7.

“Wall-piece,” a gun used in capturing the _Margaretta_, i. 17.

_Wampanoag_, Federal ironclad, iv. 472, 473.

War of 1812, events which led up to, i. 383; Great Britain fomented discord between the States of the Union, 384; used every means to harass American commerce, _ib._; impressed men by force to serve on English ships, 386; used the press-gang in foreign ports, 387; demanded right of search on the high seas, _ib._; used nothing to enforce an order but the cat-o’-ninetails, 389; American ships stripped of their crews, 397; five men off the _Baltimore_ impressed in the British service, 401; the affair of the _Leopard_ and _Chesapeake_, 402–413; case of the _Spitfire_ and _Guerrière_, ii. 7; tricky conduct of the officers of two British frigates, 15; war declared, 28; justified by the _Trent_ affair, iv. 140.

War-ship, the first submarine, i. 157; the first Yankee, on fresh waters, ii. 264; development of the, from 1815–1859, iv. 1–9.

Ward, Fleet Officer James H., his attack on the Acquia Creek batteries, iv. 81; killed, 82.

Ward, Samuel, Rhode Island delegate to Continental Congress, i. 31.

Warren, Fort, Mass., Mason and Slidell confined there, iv. 156.

_Warren_, American frigate, i. 280, 283.

Warrington, Master-commandant Lewis, iii. 66; attacks and captures the _Epervier_, 66–71; succeeds Porter in clearing the South American coast of pirates, 338.

_Washington_, American galley, i. 89; on Lake Champlain, 99.

Washington, George, and the Congress of the United Colonies, i. 27.

Washington, D. C., conduct of the British sailors at capture of, ii. 418, 419.

_Wasp_, schooner, of first American Navy, i. 40.

_Wasp_ (No. 2), American sloop-of-war, fight with the _Frolic_, ii. 107–117; both the _Wasp_ and the _Frolic_ captured by the British frigate _Poictiers_, 118, 119; taken into the British navy and lost at sea, 119.

_Wasp_ (No. 3), American sloop-of-war, cuts her way through British blockaders, iii. 81; fights and captures the _Reindeer_, 86–88; comparison of the two ships, 91; cuts out the _Mary_ under the convoy of the _Armada_, and is chased by the _Armada_, 92; encounters the _Avon_, 93; fights and disables her, 97; the _Castilian_ and _Tartarus_ appear and chase the _Wasp_ off, 97; captures two merchantmen and the _Atalanta_, 100; mysterious end of, 102–104.

Waters, Captain Daniel, assists in capturing a British troop-ship, i. 203; desperate fight with two British sloops-of-war, 209.

_Water Witch_, carries an exploring expedition to Parana, iii. 464.

_Water Witch_, Federal war-ship, iv. 129–133.

Watson, William H., Lieutenant, ii. 364; is cut down and carried off unconscious, _ib._; captures a pirate schooner off South America, iii. 335.

_Watt_, British privateer, fights with the _Trumbull_, i. 291.

_Webb_, Confederate ram, iv. 352.

_Weehawken_, Federal ironclad, iv. 480.

Weitzel, General, in command of troops at Fort Fisher, iv. 513.

Welles, Gideon, Secretary of the Navy, his account of the effect that the raid of the _Merrimac_ had upon a cabinet meeting at Washington, iv. 211.

Wellington, Duke of, on the character of the veterans sent to America, iii. 134.

“Wellington’s Invincibles” invade the Sorel River, iii. 135; sent to New Orleans under Sir Edward Packenham, iii. 230.

_Wellington_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

Wells, Clark H., Lieutenant-Commander, iv. 389.

West India pirates, iii. 324.

Western waters, ships of the line of battle on, iv. 249.

_Westfield_, Federal ship, destroyed by the Confederates, iv. 357.

_West Wind_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Whaler, an armed British, transformed into a Yankee cruiser, iii. 9, 10.

Whaling fleet, British, taken by surprise, iii. 8–10.

Wheaton, Joseph, one of the capturers of the _Margaretta_, i. 16.

Whinyates, Captain Thomas, ii. 106; encounters the _Wasp_ in a gale, _ib._; gives battle to the _Wasp_, 107; wounded, 112; surrenders, 116; his ship recaptured by the _Poictiers_, 118.

Whipple, Abraham, in command of boats attacking the _Gaspé_, i. 9; commands American ship _Columbus_, 66; in charge of the _Providence_, 281.

Whiskey demijohns for torpedoes, iv. 350.

White River, Ark., Federal operations on, iv. 307.

White Squadron, formation of, iv. 531–554.

_Whitehead_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 457.

Wickes, Captain Lambert, in the fight with the _Shark_, i. 71; carries Franklin to France, 114; captures prizes, _ib._; goes on a cruise in the Bay of Biscay, _ib._; captures fifteen prizes, 118.

Wilderness, building war-ships and gun-boats in the, ii. 286.

Wilkes, Captain Charles, stops the British steamer _Trent_ and takes off Mason and Slidell, iv. 144–160; sails into Boston, with his prisoners, 148, 149; his conduct commended by Secretary of the Navy Welles, _ib._

Wilkinson, General, attempts to attack Montreal, ii. 271; expedition fails, 272; builds winter quarters on Salmon River, _ib._

_William_, American merchant-ship, captured by the _Java_, ii. 153; recaptured by Captain Lawrence, of the _Hornet_, 181.

_William S. Robins_, merchant-ship, captured by Confederate privateers, iv. 97.

Williams, Richard, reports to the British Government on the _Trent_ affair, iv. 150.

Williams, Captain John Foster, captures the British brig _Active_, i. 206; fights and blows up the British privateer _Admiral Duff_, 207; compels the frigate _Thames_ to haul off, _ib._

Williamson, Chief Engineer W. P., assists in the reconstruction of the frigate _Merrimac_ into an ironclad, iv. 185–186.

_Will-o’-the-Wisp_, blockade runner, iv. 57; description of, _ib._

_Wilmer_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

Wilmington, N. C., a favorite resort of blockade-runners, iv. 41.

Wilson, Lieutenant-commander Byron, iv. 363–369.

_Winnebago_, Federal monitor, iv. 386.

_Winona_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 315.

_Wissahickon_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 315.

_Wolfe_, British sloop-of-war, ii. 348.

Wood, Lieutenant John Taylor, iv. 189; boards and destroys the Federal gun-boat _Underwriter_, 452; his statement on the retiring of the _Monitor_ from the fight, 230, 231.

Woodworth, Lieutenant S. E., iv. 364.

Woolsey, Lieutenant Melancthon, ii. 264.

Worden, Lieutenant John L., causes Fort Pickens to be reinforced, iv. 119; arrested and held prisoner for seven months, _ib._; Captain of the _Monitor_, 205; begins the battle with the _Merrimac_, 219; gets to close quarters, 222; has his ship under good control, 212; disabled, 225; Lieutenant Greene succeeds him in command, 229; transferred to a tug and taken to Washington, 230; letter to him from his crew, 233; Captain of the _Montauk_, 480.

Wright, Governor, of St. John’s, captured by Captain Selman, i. 203; released, _ib._

_Wyalusing_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 457.

Wyer, Captain, captures four prizes in the Mediterranean, iii. 343.

Wyman, Captain R. W., at Port Royal, iv. 163.

Yankee squadron, first cruise of the, i. 48.

_Yarmouth_, British ship, attacked by the _Randolph_, i. 162.

Yarnall, Lieutenant, in the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 313; Perry leaves him in charge, 318.

Yellow fever decimates the crews of the American ships before Vera Cruz, iii. 418.

Yeo, Sir James L., placed in command of the British naval forces on Lake Ontario, ii. 348; captures the American brig _Vixen_ in the West Indies, _ib._; sends an insulting challenge to Captain Porter of the _Essex_, _ib._; captures two schooners and supplies, _ib._; meets Commodore Chauncey’s squadron, 349; has some brushes with the enemy, 350–353; operations on Lake Ontario, iii. 114–126.

_York_, Confederate privateer, iv. 93.

Yucatan, Mexico, governed by the Americans during the Mexican War, iii. 414.

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.

Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between paragraphs and outside quotations. In versions of this eBook that support hyperlinks, the page references in the List of Illustrations lead to the corresponding illustrations.

The illustrations on pages 236-237 and 284-285 were printed as two-page spreads in the original book, but shown as wide illustrations in this eBook.

The Transcriber copied the index from Volume IV. It was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references. Most of the references are to pages in the other three volumes of this series; all four volumes are available at no charge at Project Gutenberg:

Volume I: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/71794 Volume II: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/71795 Volume III: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/71796 Volume IV: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/71797

In the original book, the index entries for "Biddle, Captain Nicholas" referring to Volume II. actually refer to his nephew, "Biddle, James", and some of those are in Volume III. In this ebook, those entries have been corrected, but the index may contain other errors.