Part 13
The blessing of the Most High must be invoked on the endeavour. Political events seem to warrant the conclusion that the hour is nigh at hand when the Jewish people may justly and with every reasonable prospect of success put their hands to the glorious work of National Regeneration. If you think otherwise I shall bend at once to your decision, only begging you to appreciate my motive, which is simply an ardent desire for the welfare and prosperity of a people to whom we all owe our possession of those blessed truths which direct our minds with unerring faith to the enjoyment of another and better world.--C. H. C.
I will keep you "au fait" of all that passes in this country if you wish it.
* * * * *
_15th August, 1842._
MY DEAR SIR MOSES,--I have delayed until now sending to you a written statement of my proposition regarding the Jews of Syria and Palestine
## partly because I knew you were absent last week from England and partly
because I wished to keep the document by me for a few days previous to committing it finally to your care. The subject, I am sure, must in your eyes appear most worthy of consideration, and I trust that when you have perused my paper and matured the contents in your mind, you will come to such a decision as will induce you to give my proposition your warmest support. It appears to me that it might with advantage be brought under the notice of the Jews on the Continent, and if this be your opinion, perhaps you could get my paper, which, as you will perceive, I have drawn up in the shape of an "address," translated into German and forwarded to your friends in Prussia and Germany. I do sincerely believe that were the Jews as a body, both in England and on the Continent of Europe, to so arrange as to present a joint application to the British Government in the sense I propose, they would have reason to rejoice hereafter that they had taken such a step.
I have nothing more to add, as my Document, which I enclose, will express to you all I can say upon the subject.
The only question that remains for your personal consideration is whether you possess the power of having the proposition laid before the leading Jews, abroad as well as in England for their deliberate judgment.
May I beg you to present my kind regards to Lady Montefiore, and believe me to be,
Dear Sir Moses,
Yours most sincerely,
CHAS. H. CHURCHILL.
* * * * *
_Proposal of Colonel Churchill (Extract)._
Human efforts preceded by prayer and undertaken in faith the whole history of your nation shows to be almost invariably blessed. If such then be your conviction it remains for you to consider whether you may not in all humility, but with earnest sincerity and confiding hope direct your most strenuous attention towards the land of your Fathers with the view of doing all in your power to ameliorate the conditions of your brethren now residing there and with heartfelt aspiration of being approved by Almighty God whilst you endeavour as much as in you lies to render that Land once more a refuge and resting-place to such of your brethren scattered throughout the world as may resort to it.
Hundreds and thousands of your countrymen would strain every effort to accomplish the means of living amidst those scenes rendered sacred by ancient recollections, and which they regard with filial affection, but the dread of the insecurity of life and property which has rested so long upon the soil of "Judea" has hitherto been a bar to the accomplishment of their natural desire.
My proposition is that the Jews of England conjointly with their brethren on the Continent of Europe should make an application to the British Government through the Earl of Aberdeen to accredit and send out a fit and proper person to reside in Syria for the sole and express purpose of superintending and watching over the interests of the Jews residing in that country. The duties and powers of such a public officer to be a matter of arrangement between the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Committee of Jews conducting the negotiations. It is, I hope, superfluous for me to enlarge upon the incalculable benefit which would accrue to your nation at large were such an important measure to be accomplished, or to allude more than briefly to the spirit of confidence and revival which would be excited in the breasts of your fellow-countrymen all over the world were they to be held and acknowledged agents for the Jewish people resident in Syria and Palestine under the auspices and sanction of Great Britain....
..."God has put into my heart the desire to serve His ancient people. ...I have discharged a duty imposed on me by my conscience."...
* * * * *
_Resolution of the Board of Deputies of British Jews._
_November 8th, 1842._
That the President be requested to reply to Colonel Churchill to the effect that this Board, being appointed for the fulfilment of special duties and deriving its pecuniary resources from the contributions to the several congregations it represents, is precluded from originating any measures for carrying out the benevolent views of Colonel Churchill respecting the Jews of Syria, that this Board is fully convinced that much good would arise from the realisation of Colonel Churchill's intentions, but is of opinion that any measures in reference to this subject should emanate from the general body of the Jews throughout Europe, and that this Board doubts not that if the Jews of other countries entertain the proposition those of Great Britain would be ready and desirous to contribute towards it their most zealous support.
* * * * *
_Colonel Churchill to the Secretary of the Board of Deputies._
BEYROUT, _Jany._ 8_th_, 1843.
SIR,--I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of the official Communication which the Board of Deputies of British Jews has been pleased to address to me.
It affords me the greatest gratification to learn that the British Jews would zealously co-operate with the general body of their countrymen in endeavouring to procure the permanent amelioration of the condition of Jews in Syria and Palestine.
I humbly venture to express a hope that the Board of Deputies will still continue to entertain this subject, and that it will not think it inexpedient to endeavour to ascertain the feelings and wishes of the Jews in the rest of Europe on a question so interesting and important, one in which is necessarily involved that of the prospective regeneration of their long-suffering and afflicted country.
I beg leave to offer my best thanks and warmest acknowledgements to the Board of Deputies for the kind manner in which it has been pleased to receive my previous communication, and to assure it that my services are ever at its command.
I have the honour to be, &c.,
CHAS. CHURCHILL.
(Minute-Books of Board of Deputies, 1841-43.)
* * * * *
THE ENTENTE POWERS AND PALESTINE, 1917.
_Extract from Agreement between Great Britain, France and Russia, dated February 21, 1917._
"5.... With a view to securing the religious interests of the Entente Powers, Palestine, with the Holy Places, is separated from Turkish territory and subjected to a special régime to be determined by agreement between Russia, France and England."
(_Manchester Guardian_, January 19, 1918.)
* * * * *
GREAT BRITAIN AND ZIONISM, 1917.
_Mr. Balfour to Lord Rothschild._
FOREIGN OFFICE,
_November 2nd, 1917_.
DEAR LORD ROTHSCHILD,--I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet:--
"His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country."
I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation.
Yours sincerely,
ARTHUR JAMES BALFOUR.
(_Times_, November 9, 1917.)
* * * * *
APPENDIX.
INTERNATIONAL ANTI-SEMITISM IN 1498.
The earliest appearance of the Jewish Question in international European politics--or rather the earliest reference to it in the British State Papers--happened in 1498, shortly after the great expulsion of the Jews from Spain. In that year Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain sent a mission to England on business connected with Prince Arthur's marriage. The mission was apparently instructed to deal with the Jewish Question. The envoys expressed to the King their sorrow that, while Spain had been purged of infidelity, Flanders and England were infested by that scourge. Thereupon, according to a dispatch from the chief of the mission, Henry VII, laying both hands on his breast, swore that he would persecute without mercy any Jew or heretic that the King or Queen of Spain might point out in his dominions.
DOCUMENT.
* * * * *
_De Carta del soprior de Santa Cruza Sus Alts. (Sub-Prior of Santa Cruz to Ferdinand and Isabella, July 18, 1498). Extract._
* * * * *
Acabada nuestra embasada hable al Rey de Inglaterra solo....
Al otro cabo que le dixe que en su Reyno y en Flandes estaban muchos conversos de los Reynos de V.A. y algunos fuydos por miedo de la Inquisicion y quan firmes V.A. estaban en su amistad y hermandad y que los sobredichos siempre procuraban el contrario que le avisaban dello, holgo mucho de tal avis y dixo la mano puesta en los pechos que por la fe de su coraçon que no decia el de marranos mas del mejor de su Reyno si contra lo que yo le decia algo le dixiese, no le oiria ni le ternia por suyo, y que si S.A. le mandaien airsar si en su tierra hay algun judio o herege que por la fe de su corazon et los castigaria bien. Fue esta habla larga y por ser nuevo oficial abrevie, huelga mucho el Rey de Inglaterra en fablar de la Princesa de Gales....
(Record Office: "Spanish Transcripts," Series I, vol. I, B. 205.)
* * * * *
INDEX.
Abdul Medjid, Sultan of Turkey, 96
Aberdeen, Earl of, 18, 123
Adler, Cyrus, 67, 70, 71
Agreement, Anglo-Prussian (1841), 106
Alexander I, Tsar, 12, 15
Alexander II, Tsar, 78
Alexander III, Tsar, 55
Alexander, Bishop, 106
Alexander, D. L., 51, 52, 54
Algeciras, Conference of (1906), 54, 88; Protocols, 98-99
Allenby, General, 104
Alliance Israélite, 59, 60, 89
Almodovar del Rio, Duc de, 98
American-Jewish Committee, 89
American House of Representatives, Resolution, 79
American Senate, Resolution, 79-80
American-Swiss Treaty (1855), 74
"Anabaptisticum et Enthusiasticum Pantheon," 103
Anarchists, 57
Ancona, Jews of, 63
Andrássy, Count, 30, 93
Anglo-French Entente, 56
Anglo-Jewish Association, 45, 51, 69, 89
Anglo-Moorish Treaty (1856), 78, 83, 87
Anglo-Prussian Agreement (1841), 106
Anglo-Russian Treaty (1859), 80
Anglo-Swiss Treaty (1855), 73
Anglo-Turkish Treaty (1809), 84
Anti-Semitic Triple Alliance, 57-62
Appleton, John, 75
Austria, 64, 65
Austrian Instruction (1815), 71
Austrian Jews, 7
Balance of Power, The, 54
Balfour, Arthur James, 124, 125
Baltimore, Jews of, 74
Bartholomey, Mr., 77
Baruch, Jacob, 12
Baxter, Nadir, 101
Beaconsfield, Earl of, 30, 103
Beauvale, Lord, 106, 116, 117
Belgium and Holland, Union of, 2
Benchimol Family, 88, 89, 90, 91
Berlin, Congress of (1878), 23-36, 52
Berlin, Treaty of (1878), 24, 33
Bernhardt, "Handbook of Treaties, &c.," 74, 80, 83, 84, 87
Bernstorff, Count, 16
Bertie, Francis, 44, 45
Bethlehem, 105
Bismarck, Prince, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32
Bjoerkoe interview, 56, 62
Blaine, James G. (U.S. Secretary of State), 54, 70, 78
"Blue Laws," 77
Boerne, Ludwig, 12
Bohemia, Jews of, 7-11
Brisac, J., 66, 67, 68, 72, 73
Broglie, Duc de, 66
Brothers, Richard, 101
Bucharest Commission, 20
Bucharest, Treaty of (1913), 50
Bulgaria, 26, 33
Bülow, Baron, 105, 114, 116
Bund, Jewish, 57, 59
Bunsen, Baron, 106
Buzaglo, David, 89, 91
Canovas Del Castillo, Señor, 93, 94
Capitulations, 3, 4, 83, 100
Capodistrias, Count, 16
Carathéodory Pacha, 26, 27, 31, 32
Carlowitz, Treaty of (1699), 64, 71, 100
Cassini, Count, 99
Castlereagh, Viscount, 12, 13, 16
Catharine of Braganza, Queen, 6
Catherine of Russia, Empress, 76, 78
"Ce que les Israélites de la Suisse doivent à la France," 66
Charlemagne, Emperor, 3
Charles II, King of England, 6
Charles X, King of France, 65
Chevalier, Michel, 67
China, religious liberty in, 3
Choate, Joseph H., 44
Christendom, Peace of, 2
Christian Missions, protection of, 3
Christina, Queen of Sweden, 6
Churchill, Colonel, C. H., 103, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124
Circular Note to Great Powers, American (1902), 44
Clarendon, Earl of, 19, 67
Clanricarde, Marquis of, 113
Cobden, Richard, 67
Cohn, Albert, 19
Conferences:-- Algeciras (1906), 54, 88 Bucharest (1913), 45, 47, 48, 49 Constantinople (1856), 20, 21, 23 London (1830), 17, 52 London (1912), 13, 45, 47 Madrid (1880), 54, 88 Ryswick (1697), 103 St. Petersburg (1912-13), 45-47 _See also_ Protocols and Treaties
Congresses:-- Aix-la-Chapelle (1818), 15, 16 Berlin (1878), 23, 25-33, 36 Paris (1856), 18-23 Vienna (1815), 3, 12-15 _See also_ Protocols and Treaties
Consistoire Israélite, 66
Consular Protection, 4, 82-85, 86-88
Convention, Cyprus (1878), 107
Convention of Paris (1858), 20, 21, 23
Crémieux, Adolphe, 18, 102
Cromwell, Oliver, 4, 6, 102
Crowe, Sir Eyre, 51, 83
Cyprus, 103
Cyprus Convention (1878), 107
Damascus, 120
Daudet, Ernest, 55
"Décade Philosophique et Littéraire," 104
De Card, "Les Traités entre la France et le Maroc," 88
Declaration on Palestine, British (1917), 124-5
De Launay, Count, 29, 32, 53
De Mello, Don Francisco Manuel, 6
Deschamps, Emile, 59
Despatch, American, to U.S. Minister at Athens (1902), 38
Desprez, M., 26, 32, 33
Dicey, Professor A. V., 5, 54
D'Israeli, "Genius of Judaism," 101
Dobrudja, 50
Dohm, C. W., 15
Eastern Roumelia, 26, 79
Edict of Sultan of Morocco, 89, 92
El Arish, 104
Esterhazy, Prince, 117
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, 126
Finch, Sir Henry, 100, 101
Finn, James, 86, 102; "Records from Jerusalem Consular Chronicles," 85
Fogg, Mr., 75
Foreign Jews Protection Society, 64
Foster, J. W., 70
France, 65, 66
Franchi, Cardinal, 93
Franco-Moorish Règlement (1863), 88
Franco-Swiss Treaty (1827), 71
Franco-Swiss Treaty (1864), 73
Franks, Aaron, 7, 8, 9
Freemasons, 59, 60, 62
Fuller, "A Pisgah Sight of Palestine," 100
George II, King of England, 7-9
German Jews, 12, 13
Goldsmid, Sir Julian, 82
Gortchacow, Prince, 28, 29, 30, 33
Graetz, "Geschichte der Juden," 103
Granville, Earl, 69; despatch of, 81-82
Greece, Jews of, 17
Grey, Sir Edward, 45, 46, 48, 51, 52, 54, 69, 82
Grey, Viscount (_see_ Sir Edward)
Guizot, 66, 105, 107
Halhed, Nathaniel Brassey, M.P., 101
Hammond, J., 86
Hardenberg, Prince, 12, 13, 16
Haroun al-Rashid, Khalif, 3
Harrington, Lord, 11
Hart, Moses, 7, 8, 9
_Hatti-Humayoun_ (1856), 19-22
Hay, John (U.S. Secretary of State), 37, 38, 43, 44; despatch on Rumania, 38-43
Hay, Sir John Drummond, 85, 88
Haymerle, Baron, 30
Henry VII, King of England, 126
Hervaille, 59
Herzl, Theodor, 104
"Histoire Diplomatique de l'Alliance Franco-Russe," 55
Holland, 7
Holland, Jews of, 2, 3
Holland, "The European Concert in the Eastern Question," 18, 21, 22
Holy Alliance, 12
Holy Roman Empire, 100
Hoskier, M., 55
_Izviestia_, 56
Izvolsky, A., 56, 62
Jackson, J. B. (U.S. Minister at Bucharest), 47
Jaffa, 85
James I, King of England, 101
Jerusalem, 101, 104, 108, 109, 115, 117
Jewish Board of Deputies, 12, 45, 47, 51, 69, 86, 89, 103, 123, 124
Jewish Bund, 57
Jewish Conjoint Committee, 24, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 69, 82, 83
"Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States," 37
Jewish Nationalism, 16
"Jews and the War," 24, 45
Jews in Bohemia, 7-11
Jews in Foreign Countries, Status of, 63-83
Jews in Morocco, 83-85, 87-99
Jews in Rumania, 28-48
Jews in Russia, 54
Jews in Russia, American Despatch, 76-78, 81-83
Jews in Switzerland, 72-73
"Jews in the Diplomatic Correspondence of the U.S.," 70
Jews, National Restoration of, 100-125
Jews of Baltimore, 74
Joostens, Baron, 99
Kamarowsky, 105, 106
Klüber, "Akten des Wiener Kongresses," 14
Kohler, Max, 37
Koutzo-Vlachs, 50
Lamsdorf, Count, 55, 56, 62
Lansdowne, Marquis of, 37, 38
Lassalle, Ferdinand, 59
"Legal Sufferings of Jews in Russia," 54
Lemoine, "Napoléon et les Juifs," 104
Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, Prince, 17
Leven, Narcisse, 24, 85
Lewisohn, Leon, 69, 81
Lieven, Count, 18
Loeb, Isidor, 24
Loewe, "Diaries of Sir Moses Montefiore," 89, 92
London, Treaty of (1840), 106
Louis Philippe, King of France, 66; speech of (1835), 73
Ludolf, Count, 95
Madrid, Conference of (1880), 54, 88; Protocols, 90-98
Madrid, Treaty of (1880), 91
Maiorescu, Titu (Rumanian Prime Minister), 46, 47, 49, 50
Maria Theresa, Empress, 7-11
Marranos (or Crypto-Jews), 63, 64
Marx, Karl, 59
Mehemet Ali, 102
"Memorandum on the Grievances of British Subjects of the Jewish Faith," 69
"Memorandum on Treaty Rights of Jews of Rumania" (1908), 45
Memorandum (Palestine), Austrian (1840), 111-113; (1841), 117-119
Memorandum (Palestine), Prussian (1841), 114-116
Memorandum (Palestine) of Russian Government (1840), 107-110
Menasseh ben Israel, 6
Mendes da Costa, Fernando, 6
Metternich, Prince, 12, 13, 16, 113, 116, 117, 118
Milan, Prince, 30
Mohammed Vargas, Cid, 96, 97
Moldavia, Jews in, 19, 21
Moldavians and Wallachians, 23
Montefiore, Claude G., 51, 52, 54
Montefiore, Joseph Meyer, 86
Montefiore, Lady, 122
Montefiore, Sir Moses, 18, 89, 95, 102, 103, 119, 121
Montenegro, 30, 33
Montmoren y Laval, 18
Moravia, Jews of, 7
Morocco, Jews of, 70
Morocco, Religious Liberty in, 89-99
Mount Athos, 31
Muley-el-Hassan, Sultan of Morocco, 97, 98
Nahon, Moses, 89, 91
Napier, Lord, 81
Napoleon I, Emperor, 102, 104
Napoleon III, Emperor, 19
Nasi, Donna Gracia, 6, 63
Nasi, Don Joseph (_see_ Naxos, Duke of)
"National Treatment," 65, 68
Nationality, Jewish, 64
Naxos, Duke of, 63
Nazareth, 105
Neapolitan prison horrors, 5
Nelidow, Actual Privy Councillor, 58
Nesselrode, Count, 16, 113
Nicholas II, Tsar, 56, 62
Nicolson, Sir Arthur, 98
"Nikky-Willy" correspondence, 55
Nina, Cardinal, 94
Oliphant, Lawrence, 103
Omar, Mosque of, 116
Ottoman Empire, Jews in, 3, 4
Palestine Declaration, British (1917), 124-125
Palestine, Jews in, 70
Palestine Question, 100-125
Palestine, Russian Jews in, 84, 85
Palestine, Secret Agreement (1917), 107, 124
Palestine Memorandum, Austrian (1840), 111-113; (1841), 117-119
Palestine Memorandum, Prussian (1841), 114-116
Palestine Memorandum, Russian (1840), 107-110
Palmerston, Viscount, 102, 105, 106, 113, 114, 116, 117
Paris, Convention of (1858), 23
Passarowitz, Treaty of (1718), 71, 100
Passport Question in Russia, 68
Paul IV, Pope, 63, 64
Paulli, Holger, 103
Peace of Christendom, 2
Peace of Westphalia, 2, 3, 6
Petition concerning Jews of Bohemia, 7-11
Piggott, Sir Francis, "Exterritoriality," 84
Pogroms, 62
Poland, Jews of, 6
Poland, Protestants of, 4
Ponsonby, Lord, 106
Pope, the, 93, 95
Portugal, Jews of, 6
Prince of Wales (Arthur), 126
Protocols:-- Anti-Anarchist (1904), 56 Algeciras Conference (1906), 98-99 Conference of Bucharest (1913), 47 Conference of Constantinople (1856), 20, 23 Conference of London (1830), 17, 18 Conference, Madrid (1880), 90-98 Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818), 16 Congress of Berlin (1878), 25-33 Great Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria, 2, 3 _See also_ Conferences, Congresses and Treaties
Prussia, Jews of, 6
Prussia, King of, 114
Radowitz, Herr von, 99
Règlement, Franco-Moorish (1863), 88
Religious Liberty, 1, 2, 3, 17, 20, 21
"Restoration of the Hebrews, The," 101
Revoil, M., 99
Richelieu, 16
Ristitch, 30
Robinson, Sir Thomas, 7, 9, 11
Roosevelt, Theodore, 37, 99
Rothschild, Sir Anthony de, 19
Rothschild, Baron James de, 19, 20
Rothschild, Baron Lionel de, 19
Rothschild, Leopold de, 13
Rothschild, Lord, 36, 37, 55, 56, 58
Rothschild, Lord (second), 124
Rothschild, Nathan, 13
Rumania, 24, 29, 32, 33, 37, 38, 48
Rumania and the Powers (1902), 36-45
Rumania, American Circular Note on, 44
Rumania, Identic Note to (1880), 35-36
Rumania, Jews of, 28
Rumanian Constitution, Art. VII, 34-35
Russell, Earl, 81, 86 (_see_ Russell, Lord John)
Russell, Lord John, 68, 69, 70
Russia, Jews in, 54, 76-78, 81-83
"Russian Government and the Massacres," 54
Russian Jews in Palestine, 84, 85
Russian Jews, persecution of, 5
Russian Revolution, 54
Russian Secret Documents, 62
Russo-American Treaty (1832), 75
Russo-American Treaty (1832), denunciation of, 79-80
Ryswick, Conference of (1697), 103
Sabbathai Zevi, 103
Sager, M., 99
Salisbury, Marquis of, 26, 27, 31, 32, 34, 69, 82, 106
Samuel, Henry, Case of, 64
Sanderson, Sir T. H., 69, 82
Santa Cruz, Sub-Prior of, 126
Saxony, 66
Schiff, Jacob, 36, 37
Schouvaloff, Count, 26, 27, 28, 30
Secret Agreement (Palestine) (1917), 107, 124
Secret Note to Swiss Diet, French (1826), 72
Séménoff, M., 54, 62
Servia, 24, 27, 28, 29, 32
Servia, Jews of, 28
Seward, William H. (U.S. Secretary of State), 75
Sidi Mohammed, Sultan of Morocco, 95
Socialists, 59, 60, 61
Solyman the Magnificent, 63, 64
Spain, Jews of, 6
Stratford de Redcliffe, Lord, 19
Straus, Oscar, 37, 103
Stroock, 67
Sub-Prior of Santa Cruz, 126
Suliotis, M., 36
Sweden, 4, 57
Switzerland, 65, 66, 67, 68
"Switzerland and American Jews," 67
Switzerland, Jews in, 72-73
Tatistcheff, M., 105
Testa, Jonkheer, 99
Thirty Years War, 2
Thornton, Sir E., 81
Toledano, Isaac, 89, 91
Treaties:-- American-Swiss (1855), 66, 67, 73 Anglo-Moorish (1727-8), 87 Anglo-Moorish (1856), 83, 87 Anglo-Russian (1859), 68, 80 Anglo-Swiss (1855), 67, 73 Anglo-Turkish (1809), 87 Berlin (1878), 24, 37 Bucharest (1913), 50 Carlowitz (1699), 64, 71, 100 Franco-Swiss (1827), 65, 71 Franco-Swiss (1864), 68, 73 London (1840), 106 London (1864), 49 Madrid (1880), 91 Münster (1648), 2 Osnabruck (1648), 2 Paris (1856), 20-22 Passarowitz (1718), 71, 100 Russo-American (1832), 68, 70, 75 San Stéfano (1878), 27, 31 Tientsin (1858), 3 Vienna (1815), 13-15 _See also_ Conferences, Congresses, Conventions, Protocols and Règlement
Turkey, 31, 33, 37, 40, 63, 64, 65
Turkey, Jews in, 19
Ubicini, "Question des Principautés," 23
United States, 46, 66, 67
United States, Religious Liberty in, 38-43
Universal Suffrage, 61
Vatican, 60, 61
Vaudois, persecution of the, 4
Venizelos, M., 47
Visconti Venosta, Viscount, 99
Waddington, M., 25, 26, 28, 29, 93
Wallachia, Jews in, 19, 21
Wallachians and Moldavians, 23
Warsaw, British Jews in, 68
Way, Rev. Lewis, 15, 16
Wellington, Duke of, 13, 16
Westphalia, Peace of, 2
White, Henry, 98, 99
White, Sir W. A., 34, 36
William II, Emperor of Germany, 56
William III, King of England, 103
Wilson, Charles S., 38
Witte, Count, 56
Wolf, Lucien, 54, 58; "Sir Moses Montefiore," 89
Wolf, Simon, 37
"World's Great Restoration, The," 100
Wyshnigradski, M., 55
Zion, Mount, 116
Zionism, 103, 104, 107, 124
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FOOTNOTES:
[1] _Infra_, pp. 57-62 and Appendix.
[2] Wolf: _Menasseh b. Israel's Mission to Oliver Cromwell_, pp. xviii _et seq._
[3] The Protocol was accepted by the Dutch King on July 21, 1814. Its text will be found in _British and Foreign State Papers_, ii. 141-142.
[4] Guasco: "L'Église Catholique et la Liberté Religieuse dans l'Empire Chinois" (_Revue Générale de Droit International Public_, x. 53 _et seq._)
[5] Verney and Dambmann: _Puissances Etrangères dans le Levant_, pp. 69-80.
[6] _Infra_, pp. 83 _et seq._
[7] The historical and juridical aspects of the question have been fully discussed by Professor Rougier in the _Revue Générale de Droit International Public_, xvii. 468 _et seq._
[8] Martin: _Life of the Prince Consort_, iii. 510-511.
[9] For a vigorous exposition of the duty of civilised States in such cases, see Prof. A. Dicey's introduction to _Legal Sufferings of the Jews in Russia_, p. x.
[10] See Straus: _The American Spirit_ (New York). For documentary examples relating to the Jews, see Cyrus Adler: _Jews in the Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States_.
[11] _Infra_, pp. 63-64.
[12] Kayserling: "Menasseh b. Israel" (_Misc. Heb. Lit._ ii. 29); _Harleian Miscellany_, vii. 618.
[13] Brit. Mus. Add. MSS. 29,868, _f._ 1.