Part 2

=ḍakwora=, Acacia Senegal, Willd. (Leguminosæ); a thorny acacia, with spikes of white flowers and grey bark; the source of the true “gum-arabic.” Ar. _hashab_. _vide_ also =yawa= and =meḍi=. The name includes the similar Acacia Dudgeoni, Craib.

=dalaka=, a variety of kola nut; _vide_ under =goro=.

=dali= (Kano, Katsina, &c.), also =dala=, Commiphora Kerstingii, Engl. (Burseraceæ). A soft-wooded tree with smooth green bark, planted around native compounds. Syn. =bazana= (Kano and Zaria), =gurzun dali= (Katagum, &c.), =hana gobara= (Zanfara, from the wood and foliage being difficult to ignite). =ka ḳi ganin bula= (Zanfara); also =bar na gada= (because long-lived and inherited).

=dalo=, Combretum glutinosum, Perr. (Combretaceæ); a tree resembling =chiriri= and =taramniya=, _q.v._

=damaigi=, Chrozophora senegalensis, A. Juss. (Euphorbiaceæ); a common weed with small red flowers; used medicinally. Syn. =ḅauren kiyashi=, _q.v._ One of the ingredients in the native prescription =rigya kafi=, _q.v._

=damana biyu=, _vide_ =ḍan arbain=, a variety of bean.

=damba= = ?Andropogon tectorum, Sch. et Th. (Gramineæ); a tall grass of marshes, &c., used as fodder when young, and for _zana_ when mature.

=damro= or =dauro=, a variety of millet (Pennisetum spicatum, B. and S.), similar to =maiwa=, _q.v._ _cf._ =gero=.

=ḍan arbain=, a variety of bean planted near water and supposed to ripen in 40 days. Syn. =damana biyu= (Sok. and Kano), and =kaka biyu= (Gobir).

=ḍan damana=, a variety of date; _vide_ under =dabino=.

=dandami=, _vide_ under =lallen shamuwa=.

=dandana=, Schwenkia americana, Linn. (Solanaceæ); a herb with narrow tubular flowers; used medicinally. Syn. =parpatse= or =farfatse= (Kano).

=ḍan ḍata= (=ḍan ḍwata=), _vide_ =ḍataniya=, a bitter grass. Thelepogon elegans, Roth.

=ḍan farkami= (Sok.), Monechma hispida, Hochst. (Acanthaceæ); a common weed of pastures, with rough leaves and white flowers. Syn. ?=fiso= (Sok. and Kats.), =fisawa= (Katagum).

=ḍan garraza= = flowers of the tamarind tree—(_hudar tsamiya_).

=ḍan kaḍafi= or =hankaḍafi=, the name of a crab-louse, hence applied to more than one plant with seeds which adhere to the clothing like burs. (Etym. similar to “Cleavers”). Chiefly = Desmodium lasiocarpum, DC. (Leguminosæ). Syn. =maḍaḍafi=, _q.v._ Also =Triumfetta pentandra=, A. Rich. (Tiliaceæ), _vide_ =suren fadama=.

=dankali= (Kano, &c.), Ipomœa Batatas, Lam. (Convolvulaceæ). Sweet Potato. Red and white varieties are known. Syn. =dukuma= and =kudaku= (Sok. and Zanfara), generally = the red one; =lawur= = the white one. _kugundugu_, a name used on the Benue, Yola, &c. = Yor. _kukun duku_.

=dankon kuyangi=, dried leaves of the convolvulus Ipomœa pilosa, Sweet, and other species; _vide_ =yako= and =barmatabo=; used medicinally.

=danko maiwari=, Ficus sp. a tree in the south, yielding an inferior rubber.

=ḍan kwataho=, a variety of kola nut; _vide_ under =goro=.

=ḍan kwoloje=, a variety of bean; _vide_ under =wake=.

=ḍan marike= (Katagum, &c.), Indigofera secundiflora, Poir. (Leguminosæ). _vide_ under =marike=.

=ḍan Tunuga= or =kajiji ḍan Tunuga=; the fragrant tuber of a sedge, Cyperus sp. (Tunuga = a town in French Borgu). Probably Cyperus rotundus, _cf._ =aya aya= and =kajiji=.

=ḍan Uda= or =Ba-Ude=, a variety of bean, half white half black; (cf. a variety of sheep of the same name. _Udawa_ a section of Fulani); _vide_ under =wake=.

=danya=, Spondias sp. (Anacardiaceæ); a tree with pinnate leaves and yellow plum-like fruit of pleasant flavour. The fruit is called _nunu_. cf. also =tsadar Masar=.

=ḍanyen gumi= = husked but unboiled rice; _vide_ =gumi= and =shinkafa=.

=danyi= (Sok.), _vide_ =dayi=.

=ḍan zago=, a kind of bean, _vide_ under =ḅarankachi=.

=darambuwa= = armlets made of plaited grass, hence applied to several species of grass; _vide_ =karani=, =gaji=, =jema=, &c.

=dargăza=, Grewia mollis, Juss. (Tiliaceæ); a shrub with small yellow flowers; the bark is mucilaginous and used in soup, and occasionally to harden mud floors.

=dashi=, Balsamodendron africanum, A. Rich. (Burseraceæ). “African Myrrh.” “African Bdellium.” A shrub with the habit of the Blackthorn, yielding a fragrant gum-resin used medicinally and as a scent for clothing. _namijin dashi_, Balsamodendron pedunculatum, Kotschy. et Peyr. A shrub somewhat similar to the above but less fragrant.

=dashishi=, _vide_ under =alkama=.

=ḍata= or =ḍwata=, a small bitter native tomato; _vide_ under =gauta=.

=ḍataniya= or =ḍwatana=, Thelepogon elegans, Roth. (Gramineæ); a bitter grass given to horses as a tonic. Syn. =gishirin ḍawaki= and =ḍan ḍata=. (Etym. from the bitter taste).

=datsi=, Aristida Sieberiana, Trin. (Gramineæ); a long-awned grass, common in the north. =jan datsi= _vide_ =jan bako=.

=dauḍa= or =kwardauḍa=, Dicoma tomentosa, Cass. (Compositæ); a small thistle-like weed. Syn. =farin dayi=. (Etym. perhaps from use as a local application to putrescent wounds).

=dauḍar Maguzawa=, ?Blepharis linearifolia, Pers. (Acanthaceæ); a prickly plant with blue flowers. Syn. =faskara toyi=, and ?=gigi=, _q.v._

=dauḍar ruwa=, _vide_ =limniya=.

=daudawa= (Sok.), _vide_ =daddawa= and =ḍorowa=; _vide_ also under =kiriya=. _daudawa beso_, seeds of _yakuwa_ (Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Linn.), _q.v._ boiled and prepared either for food or as a medicinal vehicle, _daudawar kuka_, seeds of _kuka_ (Adansonia digitata), made into cakes, &c.

=dauro=, _vide_ =damro=.

=dawa=, Sorghum vulgare, Pers. (Gramineæ). “Guinea Corn.” “Great Millet.” “Durra.”

The following are some of the numerous varieties:—_abantoko_ (Illo); _a chi da gero_—grows rapidly and is ripe with the _gero_;

_a chi da kara_, matures at the same season as sugar-cane (_takanḍa_);

_a chi da nono_ (like _farafara_), a soft grain only used for _kunu_ and not for _tuwo_;

_akwuya_, a yellow grain used for horses;

_bakin kada_, a variety with a long head;

_bakin raḳumi_ (from the slender quivering habit), the same as _ḳerama_;

_bugundare_ or _Ba-Gwandare_, a variety with a compact head; (_cf._ a variety of cotton; vide _abduga_);

_farafara_, a white variety;

_giwa kamba_, a white variety larger than _farafara_, late maturing;

_hannun giwa_, white with a large head of grain;

_janjari_ (Sok. = _jigari_, Ful.) or _janari_, a red inferior grain which makes red _kunu_ and _tuwo_;

_jar dawa_, a red grain used for horses;

_kaura_, considered the best for horses, common in Zanfara; in two varieties, viz.:—_kaura mai farin kwono_ (or _mai farin soshia_), and _kaura mai baḳin kwono_;

_ḳerama_, a red grain with loose nodding panicle (= _bakin raḳumi_);

_maikeri_, early maturing and considered one of the best;

_makafo da wayo_, a soft sweet variety, a luxury (_dawar sarakuna_);

_malle_ (Sokoto West), planted in wet places;

_mallen Kabi_, the same as _ḳerama_;

_mallen mama_ or _mallen Zanfara_, a larger nodding variety like the last;

_marmare_, a soft sweet variety, nearly the same as _makafo da wayo_; eaten whole;

_masakowa_ or _mazakwa_ (Ful. _maskwari_), a dry-season corn, grown in alluvial soil left as the rivers fall; (chiefly in Adamawa and Bornu); sometimes eaten whole after cooking;

_wayo_, a red or yellow variety;

_zago_, the same as _kaura_.

_Burtuntuna_ = Ustilago sp. a guinea corn smut, forming a black powder in the ear; also called _ḳatsa ḳatsa_, and _bunsuru_.

_gyamro_ = secondary shoots of guinea corn from the roots left at harvest; said to be injurious to animals.

_domana_, a gummy blight; (?Aphis Sorghi).

_karan dafi_, the red leaf sheaths of certain forms of _dawa_, used as a red dye.

_kusumburuwa_, corn growing up anywhere from stray seeds; sometimes popularly believed to grow from an unhusked grain and not always maturing. The stems are used for flutes (_sarewa_).

_sambara_, _dawa_ or _gero_ half-grown at harvest and left to mature later. _cf._ also _karmami_ and _yabainya_.

=dawa dawa= or =dadawa=, a grass; _vide_ =gyazama=.

=dawar kada= (=d. rafi=, =d. dorina=, &c.), Sorghum halepense, Pers. a very tall riverside grass with pith in the stems; the probable ancestor of cultivated _dawa_; one of several called “Elephant Grass.”

=dawo= (?Hausa; Yoruba _ai-da_), Tetrapleura Thonningii, Benth. (Leguminosæ); a large tree with thick 4-angled pods sold as a market drug in the south; cf. =kalangon daji= and =sandan mayu=.

=dayi=, Centaurea Calcitrapa, Linn. (Compositæ). “Star-thistle.” A thistle with long straight spines, common in fields, &c.; eaten by camels; one of the plants sometimes called “caltrop;” _cf._ =Tsaido=. Syn. =ḍanyi= (Sok.), and =surendi= (Kats.). _namijin dayi_, Lactuca sp. a species of wild lettuce; probably including several field plants of the Nat. Ord. (Compositæ).

=dayin giwa=, _vide_ under =sare gwiwa=.

=ḍeiḍoya= (=ḍoiḍoya= or =ḍoḍoya=), Ocimum americanum, Linn. (Labiatæ); a fragrant herb allied to basil. (The name includes other introduced species planted near houses:—Ocimum viride, Willd. Fever plant of S. Leone and Liberia. Oc. basilicum, Linn. Sweet Basil. Æolanthus Buettneri, Gürke, &c.)

=ḍeiḍoyar kare= or =ḍ. fadama=, Hyptis Spicigera, Lam. (Labiatæ). A weed of waste places. Syn. =riḍin kada=. =ḍ. gona=, Leucas martinicensis, R. Br. (Labiatæ). An odorous weed with whorls of small white flowers. Syn. =sarakuwar sauro= (Kats.).

=dinkin=, the young leaves of certain plants used fresh with ground-nuts, salt, pepper, &c. made up as food; chiefly =d. ḍinya= (_v._ =ḍinya=); also of =zuwo=, _q.v._ and sometimes used of =rama= and other plants with edible leaves.

=ḍinya= (Kano), =ḍumya= (Sok.), Vitex Cienkowskii, Kotschy et Peyr. (Verbenaceæ); a common tree with digitate leaves, fragrant flowers, and a black plum-like fruit used in making _maḍi_; _vide_ under =dinkin=; _ḅurzu_ or _ḳurzun ḍinya_ = _ḳwalon ḍinya_, the stone of the fruit.

_ḍinyar biri_, Vitex diversifolia, Bak., a shrub or small tree with fragrant leaves, and flowers similar to those of =ḍinya=.

=dirin da rani= (Kano), a variety of =rama=, _q.v._

=ḍiwa=, Rhytachne congoensis, Hack., a tall grass; used for making screens, _zana_, &c.

=ḍiyan hanwawa= (Sok.), Ctenolepis cerasiformis Hook. f. (Cucurbitaceæ). A twiner with scarlet berries; (_hanwawa_ or _hawainya_ = chamæleon); syn. =namijin garafuni=.

=ḍoḍoriya=, Vitis quadrangularis, Linn. (Ampelideæ), _vide_ =ḍaḍori=.

=ḍoiḍoya= or =ḍoḍoya=, _vide_ =ḍeiḍoya=.

=doka=, Isoberlinia doka, Craib. et Stapf (Leguminosæ); a large tree with white flowers, shining leaves and large flat pods; very abundant in central Hausaland. _fara doka_, Isoberlinia Dalzielii, Craib. et Stapf, a large tree closely allied to the last, with paler leaves and bark.

=domana=, a gummy blight on Guinea Corn and other cereals; (?Aphis Sorghi).

=domashi=, Vernonia Kotschyana, Schultz. (Compositæ); an under-shrub with bitter root, used as a tonic-medicine, &c. _domashin maza_? (Katagum), _vide_ under =matsarmama=.

=ḍorowa= or =ḍorawa=, Parkia filicoidea, Welw. (Leguminosæ). “African Locust Bean Tree;” a large acacia-like tree with pendulous balls of deep-red flowers and bunches of pods; the seeds and the mealy yellow pulp of the pods are used as food. _kaluwa_ = seeds of _ḍorowa_, which are made into black fermented cakes called _daudawa_ (Sok.) or _daddawa_ (Kano), and also _takaluwa_; _makuba_ = fermented extract of husks of _ḍorowa_ pods, used for hardening beaten floors, sides of indigo pits, &c. _saḅada_ or _safada_ (Kano) = young fruiting heads of _ḍorowa_ (etym. from resemblance in shape and surface to a plaited garment of that name). _tutu_ (or _turu-turu_) = the red pendulous flower-balls (sucked by boys); _gundar tutu_ = the unexpanded flower-buds; _garda_ = the unripe pods when bright brown in colour and beginning to form seeds (the name of a brown-winged dove). The successive stages from bud to pod are:—_kashin awaki_, _kashin raḳuma_, _tutu_, _safada_, _garda_. _harawan ḍorawa_ = the membranous lining of the pods used as a fibre for tying arrows, &c.

=doya=, Dioscorea sativa, Linn. D. prehensilis, Benth. D. abyssinica, Hochst. D. alata, L. (Dioscorideæ). Cultivated yams. _vide_ also =sakata=, and =ḳarasa= (=doyar kudu=).

_doyar bisa_, the edible solid bulbs in the leaf-axils of certain species of Dioscorea. Syn. _tuwon biri_.

_doyar daji_, wild species of Dioscorea.

_doyar kurege_, Curculigo gallabatensis, Schweinf. (Amaryllideæ); a yellow-flowered herb with a stout vertical rhizome. Syn. _muruchin makeruwa_, _q.v._

_doyar giwa_, vide _ḳayar giwa_.

=dufuwa=, a dense thorny thicket, _cf._ =gumbi= and =ḳumchi=; generally applied to the acacia called =sarḳaḳiya=, _q.v._

=dukki= or =dunki= (Sok. and Kats.), Celtis integrifolia, Lam. (Urticaceæ); “Nettle Tree;” a large tree with serrate leaves somewhat like those of the nettle; the young leaves are used in soup and as fodder. Syn. =zuwo= (Kano, Zaria, &c.). _cf._ also =dinkin=.

=dukuma=, _vide_ under =dankali=.

=dulu=, Ficus sp. a tree with large figs; common in ravines.

=duma=, Lagenaria vulgaris, Ser. (Cucurbitaceæ). “Bottle Gourd,” “Club Gourd” or “White Pumpkin;” the common white-flowered cultivated gourd with soft foliage and variously shaped fruits known by different names:—_buta_, _gora_, and _gyandama_, common water-bottle gourds; _jallo_, a small pear-shaped one used to carry _ruwan alwalla_; _ḳoḳo_, _kwokwo_ or _kwachiya_, a small-sized calabash used as a cup; _kumbu_, ditto with cover, used as a small box for snuff, &c.; _ḳwariya_, common larger calabash; _masaki_ and _mabakachi_, the largest-sized calabash used at market, and for separating grain from husk, &c., &c. _ludai_ or _luddai_ (Sok.), bottle gourd with narrow neck, split to form spoons, ladles, &c. _kololo_, similar to _luddai_, with hollow neck; _gako_ (Sok.), like _luddai_ with solid neck; _moda_, larger bottle gourd with curved neck which serves as a handle, the body pierced for use as a dipper or handled pot; _shantu_, long narrow gourd used as a musical instrument; _bututu_, the narrow portion of _shantu_ or _luddai_, &c. used as a blowing horn; _jemo_, a short wide-mouthed club-shaped or large pear-shaped gourd, used to hold milk, &c.; _zuru_ and _zunguru_, club-shaped or cylindrical gourds used in the application of _lalle_ to the hand; _kurtu_, bottle or club-shaped with narrow neck, the wider portion used for immersing the hand in staining with henna, the narrow half used as a blowing horn; _kwoton tadawa_, an ovoid tubercled gourd, used for native ink-pots, &c. _vide_ also _kulbutu_ or _tsana_ (Sok.), an edible variety resembling a cucumber, and _kurzunu_, a tubercled variety of the same.

=dumar dutsi=, _vide_ under =gaḍaukuka=.

=dumar kada=, =d. rafi=, Ipomœa repens, Lam. (Convolvulaceæ); a common trailing convolvulus with broad round leaves and purple flowers.

=dumar kwaḍi=, Ipomœa sp. a var. of convolvulus.

=ḍumya= (Sok.), _vide_ =ḍinya= (Kano).

=ḍunḍu=, Dichrostachys nutans, Br. (Leguminosæ); a thorny shrub like an acacia, with pendulous lilac-coloured flower-spikes, and clusters of twisted pods; fibre from the root-bark. _vide_ under =meḍi= and =yawa=.

=dunki=, _vide_ =dukki=.

=durumi=, Ficus Syringifolia, Werb. (Urticaceæ); a very familiar species of fig-tree with small figs and heart-shaped shining leaves, affording splendid shade.

=dushe= (Kano), =dussa= (East Hausa), Acacia Seyal, Del. (Leguminosæ); the “Talh” gum-acacia; a thorny tree with yellow flower-balls and an ochrey powder on the bark. Syn. =jimshi= (Sok.), and ?=gishishiya= (Zanfara).

=duza= (Sok. and Zanf.), Setaria aurea, Hochst. (Gramineæ). “Bristly Fox-tail Grass;” a grass of damp places, used for thatch. Syn. =ḳyasuwar rafi= or =ḳ. ta fadama=. _cf._ =ḳyasuwa=.

=ḍwata= or =ḍata=, a small native bitter tomato; _vide_ under =gauta=.

=ḍwatana=, _vide_ =ḍataniya=.

=F=

=fafewa= (Sok. and Zanf.), Pennisetum unisetum, Benth. (Gramineæ); a tall grass with hollow stems and sharp leaf-edges. (Etym. because it rasps the hand—_fafe_ = to scrape.) Syn. =karan kauje= and =korkoro= (Kontagora).

=falfoli= (Sok.), Æschynome sensitiva, Swartz. (Leguminosæ); a tall slender plant of marshes, with spongy pith used for floats (_karu_), &c. Syn. =gombiliki=, and =bambamko= (East Hausa).

=fankaso= or =punkaso=, _vide_ under =alkama=.

=fara doka=, Isoberlinia Dalzielii, Craib. et Stapf (Leguminosæ); a large tree; _vide_ under =doka=.

=farafara=, a white var. of =dawa=, _q.v._

=fara geza=, Combretum aculeatum, Vent. (Combretaceæ); a shrub with white flowers (somewhat resembling hawthorn), and 4-angled fruit.

=fara ḳaya=, Acacia Sieberiana, DC. (Leguminosæ); a gum-yielding acacia with long white thorns, dark foliage, and white flower-balls. Syn. =bauji= (East Hausa).

=fara saura=, Pulicaria crispa, Clarke (Compositæ); a white-leaved weed with yellow flowers, common in fields. (Etym. _saura_ or _sabra_ = fallow fields). Syn. =bafuri=, and =balbela=, _q.v._

=farfatse= or =parpatse=, _vide_ =dandana=.

=fari=, _vide_ under =abduga=.

=fari=, a var. of Water Melon; _vide_ under =guna=.

=farichin shafo=, or =ḳumbar shafo= (= “falcon’s claw”); a tall acacia with strong curved thorns, the same as or closely similar to =ḳarḳara=, _q.v._ Acacia campylacantha, Hochst. or nearly allied species.

=farin gammo=, Ipomœa argentaurata, Hall. f. (Convolvulaceæ); a trailing convolvulus with whitish flowers and silvery-hairy leaves. Syn. =ka fi boka=. (Etym. _ganmo_, _gammo_ or _ganwo_ = a head-pad).

=farin sansami= (Sok. and Kats.), Lonchocarpus laxiflorus, G. et P. (Leguminosæ); a tree with purple flowers. The leaves are capable of affording a dye like indigo. _cf._ =talaki=. Syn. =shunin biri=, and _cf._ =halshen sa=.

=faru=, Odina Barteri, Oliv. (and other spp. Anacardiaceæ); a large tree with pinnate leaves and small berries; the bark yields a resin. Syn. =tuḍi= (Zanfara), or =farun biri= (Sok.). In Sokoto =faru= or =farun mutane= = Odina sp. different from the above, with paler and smoother foliage.

=farun makiyaya=, a wild vine; _vide_ under =tsibiri kinkini=.

=fasa daga=, the seeds of the tree =kawo=, _q.v._ Afzelia africana, Sm. (Leguminosæ), sold as a medicine or charm in fight, &c. (Etym. from its use as a charm in battle—_daga_—to put the enemy to flight, suggested by the explosive dehiscence of the pods scattering the seeds). Also called =fasa maza=.

=fasa ḳabba=, or =fasa kumburi=, Portulaca oleracea, L. and other spp. (Portulacaceæ). “Purslane.” A weed with succulent leaves, used as a local application to swellings. (Etym. “disperse swellings”). Syn. =sarikin jibji=, and =harshen saniya= or =dabrin saniya=; _cf._ =gadon machiji= and _vide_ =rigya kafi=.

=fasa ḳwari=, Zanthoxylum senegalense, DC. (Rutaceæ); a thorny tree with pinnate leaves, found in ravines in the Benué district; the fragrant bark is sold as a medicine and spice.

=faskara giwa=, Ormocarpum bibracteatum, Baker (Leguminosæ); a shrub with tough flexible branches, small pinnate leaves and purple flowers. (Etym. from the tough texture of the wood which the elephant cannot break). In Zanfara this is sometimes called =tsa= _q.v._

=faskara toyi=, Blepharis linearifolia, Pers. (Acanthaceæ); a prickly herb with blue flowers and spiny leaves used to trace ornamental lines on earthenware. Syn. =gigi=? =dauḍar Maguzawa=? (Etym. because it often remains unburnt when the grass is fired).

=fatakka=, Pergularia tomentosa, L. (Asclepiadeæ); a plant with orbicular hoary leaves and milky juice; used by tanners as a “bating” bath after unhairing and before tanning. Syn. =kwotowa= (Sok.).

=fate fate=, a medicine or love potion used by women, made from the leaves of =shiwaka=, &c. (Vernonia amygdalina), _q.v._ Also a food prepared from various plants, e.g. flowers of =tsamiya=, or leaves of =rama=, =yaḍiya= or =zoḅarodo=.

=feḍḍa=, screens made usually of the bulrush =shalla=, _q.v._

=fidda hakukuwa=, Dyschoriste Perrottetii, O. Kunth. (Acanthaceæ); a water-side plant. (Etym. from the use of the seed to remove spicules of grass, &c. from the eye, the foreign particle adhering to the mucilaginous coat of the seed when placed in the eye).

=fidda sartsi=, or =fidda saruta= (Gobir), Euphorbia lateriflora, Sch. et Thon. A shrub with milky juice much used for hedges. (Etym. from its use as a poultice to extract a splinter).

=fideli=, Cassia Absus, L. (Leguminosæ). “Four-leaved Senna;” an undershrub with viscous foliage used medicinally.

=filasko=, Cassia obovata, Collad. (Leguminosæ). “Italian,” “Senegal” or “Tripoli Senna;” a low shrub with yellow flowers and flat sickle-shaped transversely ribbed pods; one of the varieties of commercial senna.

=filfil=, a spice; probably a var. of _Capsicum_ (Arab. _felfel_).

=fisawa= or =fiso=? _vide_ =ḍan farkami=.

=fita=, Clinogyne filipes, Benth. (= Donax filipes, Schaumann) (Scitamineæ); a water-plant with spear-head-shaped leaves commonly used to wrap up food.

=fiyaka=, _vide_ =jibda ḳassa= and =gaḍaukuka=.

=fuda= or =huda= = young flower-buds of any tree; _cf._ =tofo= and =labaye=. =hudar awaki=, _vide_ =geḍar awaki=.

=fular tsofo=, Polycarpæa linearifolia, DC. (Caryophylleæ); a herb with heads of white chaffy flowers. Syn. =magudiya=, _q.v._ _cf._ =bakin suda=.

=fura=, a grass, Pennisetum pedicellatum. Syn. =ḳyasuwa=, _q.v._

=fure= = a flower; (when unqualified generally = flowers of the tobacco plant).

=furen gadu= (=f. gyado=), _vide_ =awarwaro=.

=furen yan sariki=, Lonchocarpus sp.? a tree with panicles of blue or purple flowers; used as a charm by one who hopes to be king.

=furfura ta gyatumi= (or =jatumi=), Ærua tomentosa, Forst. (Amaranthaceæ); a hoary white erect plant; _vide_ =alhaji=. (Etym. “hoary locks”). The name is loosely applied to some other plants of white habit.

=G=

=gaba chara= (Sok. and Zanf.), Acacia Dalzielli, Craib. (Leguminosæ); a tree with panicles of yellow flower-balls. (Etym. the name of the yellow-breasted thrush _Cossypha albicapilla_). Syn. =gwanno=.

=gabara= (Sok.), Arundo Donax, L. (Gramineæ). “Spanish Reed;” a very tall grass of river-banks, with hollow stem and large silky flowering head; stems used for flutes and pipe-stems. Syn. =machara=, _q.v._ and =wutsiyar giwa=.

=gabaruwa=, syn. =bagaruwa=, _q.v._ Acacia arabica, Willd.

=gabu=, _vide_ under =albasa=.

=gaḍakuka= or =gaḍaukuka= (Katagum, &c. the Ful. name); Aristolochia albida, Duch. (Aristolochiaceæ); a twiner with oddly shaped lurid black-purple flowers; sometimes confused with =jibda ḳassa=, _q.v_, and the bitter root sold as such; a remedy for Guinea-worm, &c. and a bitter tonic. Syn. =maḍachin ḳassa=, =dumar dutsi=, and ?=fiyaka=.

=gadagi=, Alysicarpus vaginalis, DC. (Leguminosæ); a common herb, used when ripe as a fodder for horses; (including the similar A. rugosus, DC.).

=gadon machiji= (Sok.), Trianthema monogyna, L. and T. pentandra, L. (Ficoideæ). “Horse Purslane;” two very similar and common succulent weeds, forming a thick growth in waste places. Synonyms are =hana taḳama= (because one has to walk warily amongst it), and =dabrin saniya= (= “cow’s lip” but _cf._ =halshen saniya= or =fasa ḳabba=). The name is elsewhere commonly applied to a species of convolvulus, =yamḅururu=, _q.v._

=gadu= (Zanfara), Pavetta Barteri, Dawe (Rubiaceæ); a shrub the leaves of which are used by some pagan tribes as food, with _kunu_ of cereals, &c.

=gagayi=, an aphrodisiac prescription of 12 ingredients; _vide_ =gangawari=; applied also to several plants supposed to have the same property, e.g. =baḳin gagayi= = Fadogia agrestis, Schweinf. (Rubiaceæ), an erect plant with a tough root.

=gaji= (Sok.), a grass used for plaiting armlets, &c. (Syn. ?=karani= and =darambuwa=).

=gajiri=, Cymbopogon hirtus (Gramineæ); a tall grass used for thatching, for _zana_, &c. Syn. =jimfi=, or =jimpa jimpa= (Sok. Kats. and Zanf.). The name probably includes more than one species.

=gamba=, Andropogon Guyanus, Kunth. (Gramineæ); a very common tall grass with bifid flowering spikes; perhaps the most commonly used grass for _zana_.

=gamji= or =ganji= (Kano), Ficus platyphylla Del. (Urticaceæ). “Gutta-percha Tree;” a large tree with broad conspicuously veined leaves and small edible figs (vide _lubiya_). The latex forms an inferior kind of rubber (“Red Kano rubber”).

=gamma faḍa= (Kano, &c.), Cassia Kotschyana, Oliv. (Leguminosæ); a tree with laburnum-like yellow flowers and long cylindrical pods which do not split. Syn. =malga= or =marga= (Sok. Gobir, &c.). Also Cassia Sieberiana, DC. and perhaps other species (very similar to the “Pudding Pipe Tree”—Cassia fistula). The dark pulp around the seeds is a laxative drug. Scarcely distinguished in Hausa from the somewhat similar Cassia Arereh, Swartzia madagascariensis, Oliv. and others whose pods split longitudinally. _vide_ under =bayama=, =bogo zage=, and =haḍa fuḍa=. The pods of some of these are sometimes used as a fish-poison, _vide_ under =ago= and =baina=. (Etym. _gamma faḍa_—“leading to feud,” from unskilled or improper use as a drug.)

=gamma gari=, _vide_ under =goro=.

=gamma sanwa=, _vide_ =bakin mutum=.

=gammon bawa=, Merremia angustifolia. Syn. =yamḅururu=. (Etym. the equivalent of a Beri Beri name—“slave’s head-pad”).

=gandi=, a var. of kola nut; _vide_ under =goro=.

=gangamau=, Curcuma longa, L. (Scitamineæ); Turmeric, a plant like ginger; the rhizome is sold in the form of slices and used as a yellow dye for leather, &c. Syn. =turri=. (Kanuri _kurgum_, Arabic and Hebrew _kurkum_). _cf._ =zabibi=.

=gangame= (Sok.), the expanded fronds of the palms =goriba= or =giginya=, &c. Syn. =kari= (Kano); nearly the same as =kaba=, _q.v._

=gangawari=, the thickened root of a sedge or grass; one of the constant ingredients of the aphrodisiac =gagayi=, _q.v._

=ganji= (Kano). Syn. =gamji=, _q.v._ Ficus platyphylla, Del.

=ganji gaga=, a var. of kola nut; _vide_ under =goro=.

=ganwon rama= = coils of undressed hemp fibre, _vide_ under =rama=.

=garafuni=, Momordica balsamina, L. (Cucurbitaceæ). “Balsam Apple;” a twiner of the cucumber family, with yellow flowers and orange-yellow tubercled fruits; used medicinally and in soup, and as a soap forming a viscid solution in water.

_namijin garafuni_, Ctenolepis cerasiformis, Hook. f. a twiner of the same family, with scarlet cherry-like fruit. Syn. _ḍiyan hanwawa_ (Sok.).

=garafunin fadama= or =g. kwata=, _vide_ =gautan kwaḍo=.

=garamani= (Sok.), Sida cordifolia, L. (Malvaceæ); a hard-stemmed weed with soft cordate leaves and yellow flowers; (a pest in Sokoto, &c.). Syn. =farin garamani= as distinct from =baḳin garamani= or =ramaniya=, _q.v._ In East Hausa sometimes called =mai-ḳafo= (from the paired long processes on the carpels); also =kardafi= (Katagum). The bark yields a fibre.

=garaji=, a fodder grass with edible grain. ?The same as =baya= and =saḅe=, _q.v._

=garangarma=, _vide_ under =guna=.

=garasa=, _vide_ =katsaimu=.