Part 3

=gardayi=, Acacia macrostachys, Reich. (Leguminosæ); a gum-yielding acacia common in Sokoto province.

=garicha= (Zanfara), Ficus sp. (Urticaceæ). _vide_ =haguguwa= and =uwar yara=.

=gasaya= (Kano, &c.), Gynandropsis pentaphylla, DC. (Capparideæ); a common herb near habitations, with 5-foliate leaves and white flowers; used as a pot-herb. Syn. =yar unguwa= (Sok.). The name _namijin gasaya_ is applied loosely to several weeds, e.g. Amaranthus polygamus, L. (Amaranthaceæ), Polanisia viscosa, DC. (Capparideæ), Croton lobatus, L. (Euphorbiaceæ), &c.

=gatarin kurege= (Sok.), Gloriosa superba, L. a climbing lily, more generally known as =baurairai=, _q.v._

=gatarin zomo=, Tacca pinnatifida, Forst. more commonly known as =giginyar biri=, _q.v._

=gaton kariya= or =chuchun kariya=, _vide_ =gujiyar hankaka=.

=gauḍe=, Gardenia erubescens, Stapf and Hutch. (Rubiaceæ); a shrub, common in the bush, with fragrant white tubular flowers, tough wood and yellowish ovoid edible fruit. The fruit is used by women in the preparation of a form of the black cosmetic _katambiri_, _q.v._

=gauḍen dutsi= (Sok.), Gardenia Sokotensis, Hutch. a low shrub with white flowers, found on rocky hills.

=gauḍen kura=, Gardenia ternifolia, Thunberg (= G. Thunbergii, Linn. f.), a shrub similar to =gauḍe=, with coarse not edible fruit.

=gaugayi=, _vide_ =ḳuduji=.

=gauta=, Solanum sp. Native bitter tomato; probably a var. of Solanum Melongena. _ḍata_ or _ḍwata_ (_gautan ḍwachi_) is a small very bitter variety, scarlet when ripe, and usually lobed; used in soup; _kulufita_, smaller than =gauta=; _yalo_, a large var. scarlet when ripe, often eaten raw = Solanum Melongena, var. inerme, Hiern. (N.B. The “Brinjal” or “Aubergine” or “Egg Plant” is S. Melongena, Linn.).

=gautan bagirmi=, _vide_ =gorgo=.

=gautan kaji=, Solanum nodiflorum, Jacq. (= S. nigrum, var. guineense, Linn.) “Black Nightshade;” an erect branching weed of waste places with white flowers and small black berries. _cf._ =gautan tsuntsu=.

=gautan kura=, Solanum incanum, L. a prickly undershrub with hoary leaves, a yellow tomato-like fruit, and white or lilac-purple flowers; a deliriant poison. The name includes other poisonous species of Solanum in different districts. Sometimes called _idon saniya_ = “ox-eye,” from the Ful. name _giti nai_.

=gautan kwaḍo=, Cardiospermum Halicacabum, L. (Sapindaceæ). “Balloon Vine,” “Winter Cherry,” or “Heart Pea;” a straggling plant of damp and waste places, with tendrils and graceful foliage, small white flowers and bladdery 3-angled capsule. Syn. =garafunin fadama= or =garafunin kwata= (_kwata_ = water-side); _vide_ also =godar zomo=.

=gautan tsuntsu=, Solanum scalare, C. H. Wright; a plant of the native tomato tribe, with small red edible berries, cultivated near houses. (The name is often confused with =gautan kaji=, _q.v._).

=gautan zomo=, Mukia scabrella, Arn. (Cucurbitaceæ); a rough-leaved twining plant (like Bryony), with small red berries. Syn. =malami=, _q.v._

=gawasa=, Parinarium macrophyllum, Sabine (Rosaceæ). “Ginger-bread Plum;” a broad-leaved tree found in the northern provinces, bearing a dry plum-like fruit.

=gawo=, Acacia albida, Del. (Leguminosæ); a large acacia-tree very common in the north; bearing creamy-white flower-spikes and orange-yellow twisted pods; it is leafless during the rains and blooms from October onward; foliage a good camel food. A sort of pack-saddle called _tasshi_ (East Hausa), is made from the bark.

=gayan gayan=, a sort of twining bean. (?Vigna membranacea, A. Rich.), _vide_ =waken barewa=.

=gazara=, a tall grass, used for arrow-shafts.

=gazari=, a var. of kola nut; _vide_ under =goro=.

=gazari= or =gizeri= (Hadeija), Mærua sp. (Capparideæ); a tree with smooth bark, whitish flowers and small beaded pods.

=geḍa= (Kano, &c.), =gyaḍa= (Sok.), Arachis hypogæa, L. (Leguminosæ). “Ground Nut.” “Monkey Nut.” “Archides.” “Earth-pea.” In Sokoto usually called =gujiya=, _q.v._ Eaten raw or roasted or prepared in various ways. _man geḍa_ = the expressed oil, used for cooking and as an illuminant; _harawar geḍa_, ground-nut hay, a valuable dry-season fodder; _kwalli kwalli_, balls or rings like doughnuts, made of ground-nut paste fried in oil. _gujiya kolanche_ (Sok.), a var. of =geḍa= with long pods.

=geḍar awaki=, common leguminous weeds of fields, with yellow flowers and inflated pods, used as fodder. Syn. =hudar awaki=, =biranar awaki=, &c. (Crotalaria cylindrocarpa, DC. C. atrorubens, Hochst. C. macrocalyx, Benth. C. maxillaris, Hochst. and other species).

=geḍar kurumi=, Pterocarpus esculentus, Sch. et Thon. (Leguminosæ); a tree of river banks and forests in the south, with yellow flowers and short irregularly shaped 2-seeded pods; the seeds—called also _gunduru_—are roasted and eaten in scarcity.

=geḍar ruwa=, Trapa bispinosa, Roxb. (Onagrarieæ). “Water Chestnut.” “Water Caltrop.” An aquatic plant with floating leaves and edible horned fruit, cultivated in ponds. (Scarcely known in Hausa; the name is the equivalent of the Ful. _biriji diam_). Syn. =kwankwarita= (East Hausa).

=gemen kusu= or =g. ḅera=, Fimbristylis exilis, R. and S. (and other spp. Cyperaceæ); a small tufted sedge with very slender leaves and slightly fragrant root. Syn. =riḍin tuji=.

=gero=, Pennisetum typhoideum, Rich. (= P. spicatum, R. and S.). “Bulrush Millet.” “Pearl Millet.” _cf._ =maiwa= (P. spicatum, var.), and =damro=; (_vide_ also under =karmami= and =yabainya=).

Some of the varieties of =gero= are:—

_idon hawanya_, with a large grain concealed in the husk;

_haḳorin machiji_ (North of Kano), a long spike with abundant hard very small grains;

_zango_, with a very long fruiting spike;

_zamfaruwa_; _bazaume_ or _bazarme_ (a corruption of _Ba-Zabarme_);

_girgera_ or _gargasa_, a white-grained variety like _maiwa_, but considered one of the best or most elegant (= _farin gero_ or _geron Adar_, because common in French territory);

_ba anguri_ (East Hausa), the same as or a near variety to _girgera_;

_tarnekuwa_; _wuyan bajimi_, a short thick spike with hard grain and much chaff;

_tamangaji_, a variety with pointed grains;

_lawur_, a short variety quickly ripe;

_shibra_ or _shura_ (Pennisetum Benthamii, Steud. var.?), a short and thin-stemmed variety early maturing; (also applied to infertile spikes not maturing, stripped while young and used in _kunu_ or soup, &c.).

Lesser variations are:—

_halshen damo_, with a bifid spike;

_gero mai geme_, when the lower part of the flowering spike is compound;

_gero mai gashi_, a bristly spike, (considered of value because birds cannot plunder), and called _gargasa_ (= hirsute) in Kano; the same as _girgera_;

_gumba_ = =gero= cleaned, husked and winnowed, and ground up for eating uncooked with milk and other food.

=Geron tsuntsaye=, 1. Phyllanthus pentandrus, Sch. and Thon. (and other similar species of Euphorbiaceæ); a common slender-branched weed with minute capsular fruit eaten by birds; syn. =hatsin tsuntsaye=. 2. The fruiting head of a species of bulrush (Typha australis), called =shalla=, _q.v._

=gewayen tsamiya=, usually = Vitis quadrangularis, _vide_ =ḍaḍori=, but sometimes applied to several other plants growing under or climbing upon the tamarind-tree.

=geza=, Combretum sp. probably C. altum, Perr. (Combretaceæ); a shrub or small tree with white flowers and 4-winged fruit, well known in the north.

_fara geza_, Combretum aculeatum, Vent. a shrub with 4-winged fruit and clusters of white flowers; (a different species from the above).

=gigi=? (Sok.), _vide_ =faskara toyi=.

=giginya=, Borassus flabellifer, var. æthiopum, Warb. (Palmeæ). “Deleb Palm,” “Fan” or “Palmyra Palm;” common straight-stemmed palm with fan-like leaves.

_muruchi_ = the young germinating shoots, eaten as a vegetable; _shedari_ = a mat made of the unexpanded fronds—(called _murlin giginya_, _vide_ under _murli_).

_ḳodago_, the nut, and the kernel _kwalshi_, _vide_ under _goriba_. _cf._ also _gangame_, _kankămi_ and _ḳarari_. _ḳarri_ (Kano) = fronds of _giginya_, _cf._ _kaba_.

_ḳundu_ (Kano) = the bulging of the _giginya_ stem.

=giginyar biri=, Tacca pinnatifida, Forst. (= T. involucrata, Sch. and Thon.) (Taccaceæ). A perennial herb with a superficial resemblance to a small palm, having a long-stalked divided leaf and an umbel of greenish flowers and yellow succulent fruit. The large starchy tuber is an important article of food in some countries; a var. of “arrowroot” is prepared from it in the Pacific Islands and elsewhere; _vide_ under =amara=. Boys call the tall flowering stems _sandan yan bori_, _sandan biri_, or _sandan dutsi_, and use them as toy spears. Other names for the plant are =gatarin zomo= and ?=yayu= or =tara yaya= (Katagum).

=girgera=, a var. of =gero=, _q.v._

=giri giri=, 1. In Sokoto = =aya aya=, _q.v._ the tuber of a sedge. 2. In Kano, Hadeija, &c. = ?Pachyrhizus tuberosus, Spreng. “Yam Bean” or “Manioc Pea;” a bean with a starchy tuberous root. (_vide_ also =sa baba sata=). The name includes Vigna ornata, Welw. a tuberous-rooted bean, with handsome pink flowers, in the Benué district (Munchi-_ahoma_). A speckled variety of the seeds is called _kashin kaza_.

=gishirin dawaki=, a grass; _vide_ =dataniya=.

=gishishiya=? (Zanfara), a species of acacia; _vide_ =dussa=.

=giwa kamba=, a var. of =dawa=, _q.v._

=giyeya= or =giyaiya=, Mitragyne africana, Korth. (Rubiaceæ); a tree with spherical heads of flowers, abundant in damp localities.

=gizaḳi= (Zanfara), Carissa edulis, Vahl. (Apocynaceæ); a scrambling shrub with black sweet berries. The root is put in the _goran ruwa_ to render water agreeable. Syn. ?=uwa banza=.

=gizari=, _vide_ =gazari=.

=gizgiri=, Cyperus auricomus, Spreng. (Cyperaceæ); a tall sedge with tuberous slightly fragrant root which is used like =kajiji=, _q.v._ Syn. =kajijin fadama=; (possibly the same as =ḍan Tunuga=, _q.v._).

=gizgirin kaba=, _vide_ under =goriba=.

=godar zomo=, Tinnea Barteri, Gürke (Labiatæ); an undershrub with a deep-purple flower and inflated calyx. (Etym. “hare-bell”). (Also applied to Cardiospermum Halicacabum, _vide_ =gautan kwaḍo=, on account of the inflated capsule).

=goga jiki=, Combretum sp. ?C. leonense, Engl. and Diels.; a tree with rough fissured bark. (Etym. from the chafing of the skin when faggots are carried in the arms). A gum-yielder. ?Syn. =wuyan damo=, _q.v._ =gogin damo= (Zanfara).

=goga masu=, Mitracarpum scabrum, Zucc. (Rubiaceæ); a weed with small white flowers, used as a medicine for hair-lice, itch, &c. (Etym. “smear spears,” from its superstitious use as a preventive against wounds). Syn. =harwatsi= (Sok.).

=goge= (?Hausa), Feretia canthioides, Hiern. (Rubiaceæ). Syn. =ḳuruḳuru=, _q.v._ and =lallen suri=.

=gogin damo=, _vide_ =goga jiki=.

=goji=, pumpkin, _vide_ under =kabewa=.

=gojin jima= or =gunar jima=, Adenopus breviflorus, Benth. (Cucurbitaceæ); a wild pumpkin-like twiner growing on trees, with ovoid mottled fruit used by tanners for dehairing.

=gombiliki= (Sok.), _vide_ =falfoli=.

=gongola= or =gwongola=, a canoe-pole of the =tukuruwa= palm, _q.v._ (_gwangwala_ = the Nupé name for the palm Raphia vinifera).

=gora=, a var. of the bottle-gourd; _vide_ under =duma=.

=gora=, Oxytenanthera abyssinica, Monro (Gramineæ); a kind of bamboo, common in ravines.

=gorgo= (?Kanuri), Solanum sp.; the flowers of a plant like the native tomato (=gauta=), used to rub the teeth. Syn. =gautan bagirmi= and =jaudari= (East Hausa).

=goriba=, Hyphæne Thebaica, Mart. (Palmeæ). “Dum Palm.” “Ginger-bread Palm.” Common palm with forked stems. _kaba_, _q.v._ = the fronds, used for plaiting various articles; _gizgirin kaba_ = the thickened root of _giginya_; _kwalshi_ = the edible kernel of the unripe nut eaten raw; _ḳodago_ or _ḳwalu_ = the ripe hard nut; the rind is used as food and in making _maḍi_ (molasses) and _allewa_ (a sweetmeat); _zaḳi birri_ (East Hausa or Kanuri) = the rind made into cakes (_waina_, &c.). Fibre is got from the root, _vide_ under _meḍi_. _cf._ also _gangame_, _kankămi_, _ḳarari_ and _murli_.

=goriya=, _vide_ under =goro=.

=goro=, Kola Nut; the seed of Cola acuminata, Schott. and Endl. and other species (Sterculiaceæ). (The true Kola has the seed divisible into 2 sections (cotyledons), in the other species there are usually 3 or 4. “Genuine” Kola nut = C. acuminata (Gold Coast). “False” Kola nut = C. Johnsoni and C. verticillata (Gold Coast). “Bitter Kola seeds” = Garcinia Conrauana, Engl. (Guttiferæ) (N. and S. Nigeria), eaten but not a stimulant). Imported from Gold Coast, Lagos, and Adamawa; cultivated in some southern provinces. Some of the numerous trade varieties are:—

_goriya_, pl. _goriye_, the largest nuts; _marsa_, the second size of nuts; _minu_, the smallest; _labuje_, a large pale var. from Gwanja and grown in Bida, said to be the best; _ḍan kwataho_, the best in Adamawa, Benué, from Ngaumdere, Bamyo, &c.; _ataras_, a Gwanja nut; _hannu ruwa_, a cheap pale variety divisible into 3 or more sections, from Bamyo, &c. (name from the viscid juice); _ḍalaka_ or _ḍan laka_, a larger nut resembling _hannu ruwa_; _sandalu_, also a pale nut of similar type; _ganji gaga_, pale with about 4 sections, of inferior quality; from Bafum, &c.; _gazari_, an inferior var. viscid like _hannu ruwa_, from Bafum, &c.; _ibi_, an inferior var. got from Yoruba, not reddening the mouth (sometimes classed as _goron biri_); _gandi_, an inferior pale var. like _ibi_; _jan karago_, an early maturing rough-skinned var.; _gamma gari_, mature at the height of the season; _nata_, red and smooth, usually small.

_ḅare_ = half a kola nut; _gutsuri_ = pieces of kola nut handed round a company.

_saran waga_ = 100 nuts of mixed sizes; _farsa_ = the separated sections.

_mijin goro_, Sterculia or Cola, or Garcinia sp. (_vide_ above), “Wild Kola,” “False Kola,” used medicinally. _vide_ also _sarawan goro_.

=goron biri= or =g. ruwa=, Irvingia Smithii, Hook. f. (Simarubeæ); a large evergreen tree by streams and in ravines, with scarlet plum-like fruit.

=goron yan makaranta=, an insect gall on the grass called =katsaimu=, _q.v._

=guda= (Kano) or =gudaji= (Sok.), a bulb; the common onion, one of the varieties of =albasa=, _q.v._

=guḍe guḍe=, Dactyloctenium ægyptiacum, Willd. (Gramineæ). “Comb Fringe Grass;” a small grass with 4-rayed spikes; a good horse fodder.

=gudumar biri=, _vide_ =katsaimu=.

=gudumar zomo= (East Hausa), a name for Gloriosa superba, L. _vide_ =baurairai=.

=gujiya= (Kano &c.), Voandzeia subterranea, Thouars. (Leguminosæ); a kind of ground-bean; the so-called “Bambarra Ground Nut.” Syn. =kwaruru=, _q.v._ N.B. In Sokoto and some other districts _gujiya_ is also used for _geḍa_ (Arachis hypogæa)—_kwaruru_ or Voandzeia subterranea being distinguished as _g. dukkus_ (Sok. and West), etym. from the dwarf habit—; similarly _g. ḳwarasḳwaras_ (Sok. and Kano); _g. tsugunne_ (Kano)—etym. _tsugunna_ = to squat—_gujiya al kuluga_, and _g. maikwokwo_ (from the resemblance of the pods to the smallest calabash) are names in East Hausa; _g. kolanche_ (Sok.) = a long variety of Arachis or _geḍa_, _q.v._ _bidi_ = one of the varieties of _gujiya_ with spotted and mottled seeds.

=gujiyar awaki=, _vide_ =geḍar awaki=.

=gujiyar dawaki= (Zanfara), Polygala arenaria, Willd. _vide_ =sa hankaki dako=.

=gujiyar hankaka= (Katagum), Indigofera echinata, Willd. (Leguminosæ); a weed with small prickly pods, eaten by goats, &c. Syn. =kwankwan dafi= (Sok. and Kats.); also =chuchun kariya= or =gaton kariya=.

=gumba=, _vide_ under =gero=.

=gumbi=, loosely applied to several plants which form thorny thickets; e.g. in Sokoto =gumbi= generally = Mimosa asperata, a thorny shrub very abundant on river-banks. _vide_ =ḳaidaji= and _cf._ =dufuwa= and =ḳumchi=.

=gumi= = rice boiled and dried (in which form it is commonly sold); =ḍanyen gumi= = husked but still unboiled rice. _vide_ under =shinkafa=.

=guna=, Citrullus vulgaris, Schrad. (Cucurbitaceæ). The “Water-Melon” (a very variable species). _gunar mutane_ or _kankana_ = the edible or garden water-melon, with red pulp and black or red seeds; _gunar shanu_ = the common half wild and cultivated var. with deeply cut leaves, and spherical fruit with green variegated stripes when unripe; _fari_ (Kano and East) = a large water-melon, usually white-fleshed; _kwokiya_ = a smaller sweet melon; _tamna geḍa_ = a small melon like _kwokiya_, but only eaten cooked (= _garangarma_, East Hausa); _bambus_ = a variety known in the north; _agushi_ (Yoruba _egushi_) = seeds of water-melon, sold for various uses—chewing, medicine, oil, and food.

=gunar jima=, _vide_ =gojin jima=.

=gunar kura=, Cucumis Figarei, Del. (Cucurbitaceæ); a wild prostrate gourd with ovoid slightly prickly fruit; better known as =tsuwawun zaki=, _q.v._; also called =maḳaimi=.

=gunda=, =gundar kabewa= = the small immature fruits of the pumpkin (_vide_ =kabewa=), used in soup. =gundar turu turu= = unexpanded flower-buds of =ḍorowa=, _q.v._

=gunduru=, _vide_ under =geḍar kurumi=.

=gunguma=, a long-leaved plant (?Amaryllideæ), used to stupefy birds, and sometimes added to arrow-poison. ?Syn. =murtsunguwa=.

=guntsu= = seeds of =kuka=, _q.v._

=gurasa=, _vide_ under =alkama=.

=gurdugu=, Grewia sp. (Tiliaceæ); a shrub with small yellow flowers and sweet edible berries. Syn. =kamu mowa=, _q.v._ and ?=kimbar dutsi=.

=gurguzu= = seeds of the “Red Sorrel” or =yakuwa=, _q.v._

=guriya= (Sok.) = seeds of cotton; _vide_ under =abduga=.

=gurji=, Cucumis Melo, Linn. var. agrestis, Naud. (Cucurbitaceæ); a small prostrate gourd with ovoid striped fruit used in soup; much used in East Hausa and Bornu; probably more than one variety; e.g. _kwantal_ or _gurji kwantal_—a smaller one less used. Syn. =gwalli= (Sok.). _gurjin daji_, applied to some wild gourds, e.g. Cephalandra indica, Naud. a wild climber with white flowers and cucumber-like fruit turning red and succulent; not edible.

=gurjiya=, Bombax buonopozense, Beauv. (Malvaceæ). “Red-flowered Silk Cotton Tree;” a tree like =rimi=, _q.v._ but smaller, with red tulip-like flowers and stout thorns on the branches. The silky hairs are used to stuff pack-saddles, armour-quilts &c. Syn. =kuriya= (Sok. and Zanf.).

=guro= (Sok.), Hibiscus esculentus, Linn. The okra. Syn. =kuḅewa=, _q.v._

=gursami=, a plant with radiate tuberous roots eaten in scarcity.

=gusu=? (Zanfara). Syn. for =tsa=, _q.v._ a shrub—Phyllanthus reticulatus.

=gutsuri=, _vide_ under =goro=.

=gwabsa= (Sok. Kats. and Zanf.), Cussonia nigerica, Hutch. sp. nov. (Araliaceæ); a tree with large digitate leaves, corrugated bark and odorous sap; often called =takanḍar giwa=, _q.v._; also =hannun kuturu= (from the bare leafless branches in the dry season). _namijin gwabsa_ (or _takanḍar giwa_, Sok. Kats. and Zanf.) = Hannoa undulata, Planch. (Simarubeæ); a tree with pinnate leaves, fragrant white blossoms, and black plum-like fruit.

=gwaḍayi= or =gwoḍeyi=, Hippocratea obtusifolia, var. Richardiana, Loes. (Celastrineæ); a twining shrub with tough stems used as tie-tie for _tanka_, &c., resisting white ants. (Perhaps several plants of similar habit and use are included in the Hausa name; _cf._ =kana kana=). _cf._ the expression _gwaḍayi, ba saranka, ba ja_—if not cut first it cannot be broken by pulling.

=gwaigwaya=? (Katagum &c.), Cyperus exaltatus, Retz. (Cyperaceæ); a tall sedge of wet places, with 3-angled stem, and radiating numerous flower-spikes. Syn. =karan masallachin kogi=.

=gwalli=, _vide_ =gurji=.

=gwanda= or =g. Masar=, Carica Papaia, Linn. (Papayaceæ). The “Pawpaw” or “Melon Tree.”

=gwandar daji=, Anona senegalensis, Pers. (Anonaceæ); a species of Custard Apple common in the bush, with yellow edible fruit and fragrant leaves.

=gwandayi= (Kano &c.), Stylochiton Dalzielii, N.E. Br. sp. nov. (Aroideæ); a plant of the Arum-lily family, with arrow-head leaves and a yellow root; young leaves and root sometimes eaten as a pot-herb after prolonged boiling to remove the acrid principle. Syn. =kinchiya= (Sok. and Kats.).

=Gwanja kusa=, a name for several plants supposed to have properties resembling kola and other economic products of Gwanja in G. Coast, N. Terr. e.g. often applied to the “Akee Apple”—Blighia sapida, Koenig. (_vide_ =alale=), which has scarlet fruit reminiscent of kola; also Parinarium curatellæfolium (_vide_ =rura=), a tree the young leaf of which is sometimes chewed and reddens the mouth; the flowers of Trichilia emetica (_vide_ =jan saye=), similarly used; the herb Heliotropium Zeylanicum, Lam. (Boragineæ), used as a tonic, and staining the lips like kola. Also several plants which turn black in drying (chiefly Scrophularineæ), and are sometimes mixed with indigo, e.g. Cycnium camporum, Eng. with white petunia-like flowers.

=gwanno= (Sok. and Zanf.), _vide_ =gabachara=.

=gwano rafi=, Olax subscorpioidea, Oliv. (Olacineæ); an evergreen shrub with an unpleasant odour; (=gwano= = the stink ant).

=gwaska=, =itchen gwaska=, Erythrophlœum guineense, Don. (Leguminosæ). “Sasswood.” “Ordeal Tree.” A forest tree; the bark (“sassy bark”) is used by some pagan tribes in an ordeal brew and as an occasional ingredient in arrow-poison.

=gwaza=, Colocasia antiquorum, Schott. (Aroideæ). The “Koko yam” (Yoruba—_koko_); an aroid plant with huge arrow-head leaves, cultivated for the starchy tuber. _gwazar giwa_, one of many names for an aroid with large lurid purple flower-spathe, a much-divided leaf and a bulky tuber with acrid juice; called also _hansar giwa_ (“elephant’s breast”), _kunnen jaki_, _buran jaki_, and sometimes _kinchiya_, _q.v._) = Amorphophallus dracontioides, N.E. Br.

=gwazkiya= (Zanf.), _vide_ =bogo zage=.

=gwoḍeyi=, _vide_ =gwaḍayi=.

=gwolon zaki=, _vide_ =tsuwawun zaki=.

=gwundi=, a var. of cotton; _vide_ under =abduga=.

=gyaḍa=, the ground-nut, _vide_ =geḍa=.

=gyamro=, _vide_ under =dawa=.

=gyandama=, a var. of the bottle-gourd, _vide_ under =duma=.

=gyazama=, Rottbœllia exaltata, Linn. fil. (Gramineæ); a tall harsh-leaved grass, eaten by horses; called also =dadawa= and =dawa dawa=.

=H=

=haḍa fuḍa= (Sok.), a name for Cassia Kotschyana, Oliv. (Leguminosæ), and probably other species of Cassia; _vide_ under =gamma faḍa=. (?a corruption of a Fulani name).

=haguguwa=, a species of Ficus; _vide_ =uwar yara=.

=haki=, pl. =hakukuwa=, any kind of grass or weed.

=hakin furtau= (Sok.), Sporobolus festivus, Hochst. (Gramineæ); a small slender grass with delicate panicle of small purplish flowers; sometimes mixed with others for thatching. (Etym. _furtau_ = a quail).

=haḳorin kada=, Argemone Mexicana, Linn. Yellow prickly poppy; _vide_ under =kwarko=.

=haḳorin kare=, Panicum fluitans, Retz. (Gramineæ); a grass with hollow stem, in wet places; used as fodder. (Etym. “dog’s tooth,” from the shape of the flower spikelets.)

=haḳorin machiji=, Achryanthes aspera, L. (Amaranthaceæ); a troublesome weed of waste places, with small sharply pointed reflexed flowers; commonly also called =ḳaimin ḳadangare=, _q.v._

=halshen saniya=, 1. In Sok. Kats. Bauchi, &c. = Portulaca oleracea, Linn. “Purslane,” a common weed of waste places, with yellow flowers and succulent spathulate leaves, commonly called =fasa ḳabba=, _q.v._ and _cf._ also =dabrin saniya=, _vide_ under =gadon machiji=. 2. In Zanfara, &c. =halshen sa= = a name for Lonchocarpus laxiflorus, G. et P. a leguminous tree with purple flowers; leaves given to goats as fodder. _vide_ =shunin biri= and =farin sansami=.

=halshen damo=, a var. of =gero=, _q.v._

=hana gobara= (Zanfara), _vide_ under =dali=.

=hana taḳama=, _vide_ under =gadon machiji=.

=hanjin rago=, Oxystelma bornouense, R. Br. (Asclepiadeæ); a slender twiner with milky juice and white and purple flowers, commonly growing on bushes by streams.

=hankufa=, Waltheria americana, Linn. (Buettneriaceæ); a common erect weed or undershrub with soft leaves and small yellow flowers; used medicinally.

=hannu biat= or =yatsa biat=, a plant with 5-digitate leaves; used medicinally.

=hannun giwa=, a var. of =dawa=, _q.v._

=hannun kuturu=, _vide_ under =gwabsa=.

=hannun marini=, a var. of bean, _vide_ under =wake=.

=hannu ruwa=, a var. of kola nut; _vide_ under =goro=.

=hano= (Sok. and Kats., &c.), Boswellia Dalzielii, Hutch. sp. nov. and Boswellia odorata, Hutch. sp. nov. (Burseraceæ). Two closely similar species of “Frankincense Tree” (the former more in Sokoto, Kontagora, Zaria, &c., the latter in Yola province, &c.). Syn. =ararabi= (Katsina, &c.), =basamu= (Sok. and Zanf.). The fragrant gum-resin is used medicinally and as a fumigation for clothing, houses, &c. (Etym. from _hana_, to prevent, from a prejudice some have against it, believing that it prevents success in trade, &c.; a form of deceit is to adulterate or substitute it for other resins such as _ḳaron maje_, &c. _cf._ the name _ba samu_ indicating the same idea).

=hansar gada=, =hansar giwa=, names given to several Aroid plants; _vide_ =tsakara=, =gwazar giwa=, &c.; (_hansa_ = the breast).

=hanza=, _vide_ =anza=.

=harawa=, stem and leaf of bean and ground-nut plants, used as fodder, =harawan wake=, =harawan geḍa=. =harawan ḍorowa=, _vide_ under =ḍorowa=.

=harḳiya=, Digitaria debilis, Willd. (Gramineæ); a common fodder grass, 1½ to 2 feet high, with several slender flower rays. “Finger Grass.”

=harwatsi= (Sok.), Mitracarpum scabrum, Zucc. (Rubiaceæ); a common weed. Syn. =goga masu=, _q.v._

=hatsin manoma= (Sok.), Pancratium trianthum, Herb. (Amaryllideæ); a bulbous herb with beautiful white lily-like flowers appearing with the early rains; (sometimes called “Spider Lily”).

=haujeri= (Katagum, &c.), =haujerin mutane=, Capparis corymbosa, Lam. (Capparideæ). A climbing thorny shrub, with white flowers and yellow fruit like a small orange, sometimes eaten. The leaves are sometimes used as food. _haujerin raḳumi_, Capparis tomentosa, Lam. A thorny woody climber similar to the last, more common and with larger fruit, not eaten. Generally called _ḳabdodo_ (Sok. Kats., &c.); ?_chauchaka_ (Zanfara).

=haukat yaro=, Datura Metel, Linn. (Solanaceæ). “Hairy Thorn Apple.” _vide_ =zaḳami=, and =babba juji=. A large weed of waste places, with long trumpet-shaped white flowers. (Etym. from its deliriant property).

=hawayen zaki=, Anaphrenium abyssinicum, Hochst. (= Rhus insignis, Del.) (Anacardiaceæ). A tree with milky juice; the stems are commonly used as sticks to apply _kwolli_.

=huda=, _vide_ =fuda=; =hudar awaki=, _vide_ under =geḍa= and =biya rana=.

=I=

=ibi=, a var. of kola nut; _vide_ under =goro=.

=iburu= (or =aburu=), a common cereal much planted in Zaria and other districts.

=idon saniya= (Kano and East), Solanum incanum, Linn. and other species of Solanum; (the equivalent of the Ful. name _giti nai_ or “ox-eye”). _vide_ =gautan kura=.