Part 4

=idon zakara=, Abrus precatorius, Linn. (Leguminosæ). “Prayer Beads,” “Jequirity,” “Bird’s Eye” (S. Leone). A twiner with pinnate leaves and clustered pods containing small scarlet seeds with a black spot; used chiefly as a medicinal charm. Syn. =tandara= (Kano and Kats.), =taga rana= (Kano market), (_idon zakara_ is also used for the scarlet seeds of _minjiriya_, _q.v._ Erythrina senegalensis).

=ingidido=, Cratæva Adansonii, G. et P. (Capparideæ); a tree with 3 fol. leaves, white flowers and a yellow-shelled fruit.

=ingirichi= = chopped-up hay as fodder.

=intaya=, _vide_ =acha=, a small grass cultivated as a cereal.

=innuwar ḅauna=, Morelia senegalensis, A. Rich. (Rubiaceae); an evergreen shrub with white flowers, common on the banks of streams.

=innuwar gada=, Opilia celtidifolia, Endl. (Olacineæ); a climbing shrub with fragrant whitish flowers; used medicinally for horses, &c.; sometimes called =namijin lemu=.

=innuwar tufi= (Sok.), a floating plant in pools, &c. (_tufi_ = a sp. of fish). ?Æschynome crassicaulis, Harms. _vide_ =kaiḍajin ruwa=.

=itchen gado=, Fluggea microcarpa, Blume (Euphorbiaceæ); a shrub the stems of which are used for native beds, &c.; more generally called =tsa=, _q.v._

=itchen kurḍi=, 1. In Sokoto = Melia Azedarach, Linn. (Meliaceæ). “Pride of India,” “Persian” or “African Lilac.” A tree with twice-pinnate leaves, bunches of lilac flowers and ovoid yellow fruit. (Etym. “_taḅa ni ka samu kurḍi_,” from a supposed virtue as a charm). Syn. =kurnan nasara= (Kontagora, East Hausa, &c.), _q.v._ 2. Burkea africana, Hook. (Leguminosæ); a large tree with pale twice-pinnate leaves, spikes of creamy flowers and small flat pods. _vide_ =kurḍi=.

=itchen Masar=, Croton Zambesicus, Müell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceæ); a shrub sometimes planted in native compounds; (name given to several exotic plants).

=J=

=jallo=, a small var. of bottle-gourd; _vide_ under =duma=.

=jan baḳo= (Sok. and Zanf.), a name given to certain thatching grasses which turn red in colour when mature; e.g. Andropogon apricus, var. africanus, Hack. and Andropogon exilis, Hochst. (_vide_ =jan rauno=). Syn. =jan bauje=, =jan datsi=; _vide_ also =laḅanda=.

=jan itache=, _vide_ =jan yaro=.

=janjari= (Sok.), a var. of =dawa=, _q.v._

=jan karago=, _vide_ under =goro=.

=jan rauno= (or =jan ramno=, Sok.), Andropogon exilis, Hochst. (Gramineæ). A grass about 1½ to 2 feet high, turning russet-red in autumn; used for thatch, and chopped up to mix with building clay; also a fodder grass. Syn. =jan bauje=; _cf._ also =jan baḳo=, and _vide_ =ramno=.

=jan saye= (Sok., Zanf., Kontagora), Trichilia emetica, Vahl. (Meliaceæ). A tree common in central Hausaland. The seeds yield a less important oil; root used in native medicine. _vide_ =Gwanja kusa=.

=jan yaro= (or =jan itache=), Hymenocardia acida, Tul. (Euphorbiaceæ). A shrub or small tree with a reddish bark.

=jaudari= (East Hausa), Solanum sp. Syn. =gorgo=, _q.v._

=jawul= = Myrrh, the gum-resin of Balsamodendron myrrha, Nees. (Burseraceæ); brought by Arabs; (possibly also that of Odina Wodier, Roxb. called _jewul_ or _jiyal_ in India).

=jema=, Vetiveria zizanioides, Stapf. (Gramineæ). “Vetiver” or “Cus Cus,” a tall clump-grass of marshy places; used for _zana_, and for plaiting straw armlets called _darambuwa_, _q.v._ In some districts the large swamp-grass with red-purple flowering heads—Rhytachne gigantea, Stapf.—is included.

=jemo=, a short club-shaped var. of the bottle-gourd; _vide_ under =duma=.

=jibda ḳassa=, Cissampelos Pareira, Linn. (Menispermaceæ). “Velvet-leaf” of “False Pareira Brava.” An ivy-like twiner with greyish velvety leaves; the bitter root is sold as a medicine for many purposes, and is considered _sarikin ḍachi_ as _zuma_ is _sarikin zaḳi_. (The name is sometimes corrupted into =judar ḳas=). Also called =fiyaka= or =piyaka=. _vide_ also under =gaḍaukuka=.

=jigari= (Ful.), a var. of =dawa=, _q.v._

=jimbiri=, “haricots verts,” uncooked bean pods used for food, _vide_ under =wake=.

=jimfa=, _vide_ =majimfa=.

=jimfi= or =jimpa jimpa= (Kats. Sok. and Zanf.), _vide_ =gajiri=.

=jimshi=, _vide_ =dussa=.

=jina jina= (Sok. and Zanf.), _vide_ =bajini=.

=jinin mutum=, Arnebia Hispidissima, DC. (Boragineæ); a rough-leaved weed with small yellow flowers and a red root capable of use as a dye.

=jirga= (Sok. and Kats.), Bauhinia rufescens, Lam. (Leguminosæ). A shrub with small bifid leaves and black twisted pods; used medicinally and as a charm. Syn. =tsatsagi= (Sok. Zaria, Kano, &c.) or =matsagi=.

=jiri=, Stereospermum Kunthianum, Cham. (Bignoniaceæ). A tree with beautiful pink flowers, smooth bark and slender pendulous pods; more commonly called =sansami=, _q.v._

=K=

=kaba=, the fronds of the =goriba=, _q.v._ or “Dum Palm,” Hyphæne Thebaica, Mart. (less applied to other palms, e.g. _kabar giginya_); used for plaiting mats, baskets, cordage, &c. _cf._ _gangame_, _kankami_, and _ḳarri_.

=kabar giwa= (Kano and East), Aloe Barteri, Baker? (Liliaceæ); an aloe with speckled succulent sharp-pointed leaves and yellow or red flowers. Syn. =zabo= (Sok.), _q.v._

=ḳabdodo= or =ḳaudodo= (Sok. and Kats.), or =ḳwododo=, Capparis tomentosa, Lam. (Capparideæ); a thorny shrub of climbing habit with a small orange-like fruit. _vide_ =haujeri= (Katagum, &c.), and ?=chauchaka= (Zanfara), also ?=chizaki=.

=kabewa= (Kano, &c. = =kubewa=, Sok. but not =kuḅewa=, the okra, _q.v._) Cucurbita Pepo, DC. (Cucurbitaceæ). Pumpkin or Pompion; (probably also C. maxima, Duch. Squash Gourd) a large cultivated gourd with harsh foliage and yellow flowers. Syn. =goji= (Zaria). _kabushi_ (Sok.), or _ruguguwa_ (Kano) = a long var. (var. _ovifera_) the Vegetable Marrow. _gundar kabewa_ = the small immature fruits, used in soup; _cf._ under =ḍorowa=.

=kabido=, a long waterproof hood, made usually from palm-leaf of =tukuruwa=, _q.v._

=kachalla= (Kanuri), _vide_ =shalla= or =salla=.

=kaḍa= (Sok.), Cotton or the Cotton Plant; _vide_ =abduga=.

=kaḍa kaḍa= (Kontagora), Cienfuegosia heteroclada, Sprague, (Bixineæ). A low shrub with pink flowers appearing from the base, and pods with a rusty wool resembling cotton.

=kaḍanya= or =kaḍai=, Butyrospermum Parkii, Kotschy. (Sapotaceæ). Shea Butter Tree. _ḳwara_ = the kernel, used for production of the fat by boiling and skimming; _man kaḍai_ = shea butter used as food, as an illuminant, and as a vehicle for medicines. The soft fleshy part of the fruit is edible. (_hanchin kaḍai_, _vide_ =ḳanumfari=). _namijin kaḍai_, or _mijin kaḍai_ = Lophira alata, Banks. (Dipterocarpeæ). “Meni Oil Tree.” A tree with white flowers and foliage which resembles that of =kaḍanya=. Bark medicinal, and leaf a common ju-ju or charm amongst some pagan tribes. The tree is sometimes (erroneously) called “African Oak.” Syn. _kujeme_?

=kaḍanyar rafi= or =kaḍanyar kurumi=, Adina microcephala, Hiern. (Rubiaceæ); a large tree with spherical heads of flowers, found on the banks of streams. (In the Benué region the name _kaḍanyar kurumi_ or _kiriyar kurumi_ has been applied to a different hard-wooded forest-tree.)

=kadaura= (Kano, Zaria, &c.), Pardaniellia oliveri, Rolfe (= Daniellia thurifera, Bennett), (Leguminosæ). West African or Ilorin Copaiba Balsam Tree. Wood oil Tree. A large tree, the source of much of the West African copal. Syn. =maje= (Sok., &c.), _q.v._

=kaḍai=, _vide_ =kaḍanya=.

=ka fafogo=, Uapaca guineensis, Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceæ); a tree resembling a fig-tree, with broad shining leaves and yellowish ovoid fruit; sometimes an ingredient in arrow poison.

=ḳafar fakara=, or =ḳafar gauraka= (Sok. and Kats.), Chloris breviseta, Benth. (Gramineæ) (and C. virgata, Sw.). A grass about 2 feet high with radiating flower-spikes; seeds edible. Syn. =sawun gauraka= (Katagum &c.).

=ḳafar kaza= (Sok. and Zanf.), Ipomœa pterygocaulos, Hall fil. (Convolvulaceæ); a twiner with white flowers, winged stems and a divided leaf.

=ḳafar mutuwa=, Mallotus oppositifolius, Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceæ); a shrub growing on river-banks, with heart-shaped leaves used as a vermifuge.

=ka fi boka=, Ipomœa argentaurata, Hall fil. (Convolvulaceæ); a trailing convolvulus with whitish flowers and silvery hairy leaves. (Etym. from its use as a medicinal charm). Syn. =farin gammo=.

=ka fi malam=, Evolvulus alsinoides, Linn. (Convolvulaceæ). A small herb with pale blue flowers. (Etym. from its many uses as a medicine, love charm, &c.)

=ka fi rama= (Kano, &c.), Urena lobata, Linn. (Malvaceæ). An undershrub with pink flowers and bark yielding a fibre. Syn. =ramaniya= (Sok., Kats., &c.), _q.v._ _vide_ also under =garamani=.

=ḳafon baḍi= or =ḳ. batsi= (Kano), a plant eaten in famine at the end of the dry season. Probably some of the tuberous Asclepiads or “Milkweeds” and others related, e.g. Cryptolepis nigritana, N.E. Br. (Apocynaceæ), an erect slender-branched undershrub with milky juice and a thickened root, is so named.

=ḳaguwa= (Kano and East), or =aguwa= (Sok., Kats., &c.), Euphorbia sepium, N.E. Br.; a variety of “Milk Hedge,” a shrub with milky juice, planted as a hedge; very common in the north; (different from =fidda sartsi=, _q.v._). Syn. =aliyara= (Gobir); =waiyaro= (Katagum). Used medicinally chiefly for horses.

=ḳaidaji= (Kano), =ḳardaji= (Sok.), Mimosa asperata, Linn. (Leguminosæ). A thorny mimosa abundant on river-banks with pinkish balls of flowers and slightly sensitive leaves. (Etym. a corruption of _ḳaya da jini_). In Sokoto sometimes spoken of as =gumbi=, _q.v._

=ḳaidajin ruwa=, Æschynome crassicaulis, Harms. (Leguminosæ); a trailing water-plant with pinnate leaves and yellow flowers, on the surface of pools or muddy swamps. ?Syn. =innuwar tufi= (Sok.), _q.v._ and =yaron kogi= (Katagum).

=ḳaiḳai=, Parinarium polyandrum, Benth. (Rosaceæ); a tree with bunches of purple grape-like fruit; (scarcely distinct in Hausa from =rura=, _q.v._).

=ḳaiḳai ḳoma ḳan mashikiya=, Indigofera astragalina, DC. (Leguminosæ); an erect hairy weed, used as a medicinal charm against poison and other injury. (Etym. “Oh chaff, return upon the winnower”!—intended injury returning to the evildoer’s hurt).

=kaikwaiyo=, _vide_ under =aduwa=.

=ḳaimin ḳadangare=, Achryanthes aspera, Linn. (Amaranthaceæ). A weed with reflexed sharply spiked flowers. Syn. =haḳorin machiji=, _q.v._

=kain ḅarawo= or =kain mutum=, Leonotis pallida, Benth. (Labiatæ). A tall herb with large globular whorls of flowers. Syn. =tsikar sabra= or =tsikar gida= (Sok.).

=kain fakara=, Cucumis Prophetarum, Linn. (Cucurbitaceæ). A ground trailer with striped gooseberry-like fruit, covered with soft prickles. Used medicinally. Syn. =kanchekulkul= (Kano, Kats. and East), and =ya manya= (Sok.).

=kain mutum=, _vide_ =kain ḅarawo=.

=kai nuwa=, Pistia Stratiotes, Linn. (Aroideæ). “Water Lettuce.” A floating plant filling stagnant pools.

=kaiwa= (Sok.), or =kanya= (Kano), Diospyros mespiliformis, Hochst. (Ebenaceæ). African Ebony Tree or Monkey Guava. A tree with very dark foliage and bark; the yellowish fruit with a brittle rind is edible and used for making _maḍi_.

=kajiji= (Kanuri), Cyperus articulatus, Linn. A sedge with fragrant tuberous root, wild and cultivated in Bornu, &c., much used as a perfume for clothing, &c., and as a medicine.

_kajiji ḍan Tunuga_, Cyperus sp. A sedge with a fragrant tuber similarly used. (_Tunuga_ = a town in French Borgu). Other varieties of false _kajiji_ are species of Cyperus with fragrant roots. _vide_ =gizgiri=.

=kajinjiri=, a small species of palm; _vide_ =dabinon biri=.

=kaka biyu=, a var. of bean; _vide_ under =wake=.

=kaka= or (=yaya=) =kai ka fitto=, Sida linifolia, Cav. (Malvaceæ). A weed with hard stem. (Etym. from growing in hard soil; probably used for several different plants).

=ka ḳi ganinbila=, _vide_ under =hana gobara= and =dali=.

=ka ḳi ruwan Allah=, _vide_ =kwarko=.

=ka ḳi zuwa Hausa=, Costus afer, Ker. (Scitamineæ); a plant of the ginger family found in shaded ravines. (Etym. because supposed not to grow in Hausaland).

=kakuma=, a grass of marshes and river-banks; used to form tie-tie for _zana_, &c.

=kalangon daji=, a tree with large 4-angled pods. ?Tetrapleura sp. _cf._ =dawo= and =sandan mayu=.

=kalgo=, _vide_ =kargo=.

=kaluwa= = seeds of =ḍorowa=, _q.v._

=kama=, a tuber, somewhat like =risga=, planted in marshy ground; (different from =gwaza= and =tumuku=).

=kamu mowa=, Grewia sp. (Tiliaceæ); a shrub with small yellow flowers and sweet berries. Syn. =gurdugu= and ?=kimbar dutsi=.

=kana kana= (Sok. and Zanf.), Paullinia pinnata, Linn. (Sapindaceæ). A woody twiner with white flowers and scarlet capsular fruit; stems used as _tanka_ for houses and fences, &c.; (perhaps included also under =gwoḍeyi=, _q.v._).

=ka nannaḍe= (Kano), =ka nannaḍo= (Sok. Kats. and Gobir), a var. of bean with curled pods, used as food; the beans are small but broad, with pale brown speckling.

=kanawa=, a var. of cotton; _vide_ under =abduga=.

=kanchekulkul= (Kano, Kats., &c.), Cucumis Prophetarum, Linn. (Cucurbitaceæ); _vide_ =kain fakara=.

=kandari=, Terminalia macroptera, G. et P. (Combretaceæ); a large tree with flat-winged and embossed fruits; (very similar to =baushe=, _q.v._ but a different species).

=kanju=, coast Hausa for Cashew, Anacardium occidentale.

=kankami= = the withered fronds of any palm, burnt by pagans in several districts (e.g. Fogha), to extract a sort of inferior salt.

=kankana=, water-melon; _vide_ under =guna=.

=kansuwa=, a grass; _vide_ =kyasuwa=.

=ḳanumfari= = cloves, the flower-buds of Eugenia caryophyllata, Thunb. (Myrtaceæ); brought from the north. Called also _hanchin kaḍai_, from the resemblance to the peduncle of the shea fruit. (Etym. Arab. _karanfal_).

=kanya= (Kano), or =kaiwa= (Sok.), _q.v._ Diospyros mespiliformis, Hochst. (Ebenaceæ). “African Ebony Tree.”

=ḳarama anta=, Withania somnifera, Dunal. (Solanaceæ). A shrub sometimes planted near houses, with small red berries within an inflated calyx (like the Cape Gooseberry); used medicinally.

=ḳarama mowa= (Sok. and Kats.). A wild var. of =rama=, _q.v._ Hibiscus cannabinus, Linn. (Malvaceæ). A tall plant chiefly of damp places, having large yellow flowers with a purple centre (similar to =rama=) and a harsh almost prickly surface. (Etym. “little beloved,” said to be from the spicular pubescence which clings to the clothing). Synonyms of the same or allied varieties are:—_ramar rafi_, _ramar ruwa_, _yakuwar daji_, _yakuwar kwaḍi_, _yakuwar ḳaimamowa_, _yakuwar ḳaya_, &c.

=karan dafi= = the red leaf-sheaths of a var. of Sorghum (_vide_ =dawa=), used chiefly as a dye for leather.

=ḳarangiya=, Cenchrus catharticus, Del. (Gramineæ). Prickly bur grass. A good fodder; seeds edible. =ḳarangiya gumba=, the uncooked seeds pounded and eaten raw, or prepared as _fura_.

=ḳarangiyar kusu= (Kano), or =maḍaḍafin kusu= (Sok.), Cyathula prostrata, Blume (Amaranthaceæ). A luxuriant weed of waste places, with a prickly bur. Also called =tsatsarar ḅera=, _q.v._

=karani=, Digitaria Guyana, Kunth. a pale grass with white silvery flowering spikes; also called =Ba-Fillatani=, _q.v._ Syn. ?=gaji= (Sok.). _vide_ =darambuwa=.

=karan kaḅau=, Andropogon (Arthrolepis) sp. nov. (Gramineæ). A tall grass with rather broad leaves. Syn. =shamrayi= (Gando).

=karan kauji=, _vide_ =fafewa=.

=karan masallachi=, Caralluma Dalzielii, N.E. Br. (Asclepiadeæ). A leafless succulent plant with the habit of a small cactus, wild or planted near mosques, &c. Syn. =wutsiyar damo= (Sok. West), from the resemblance of the tapering young shoots to the tail of the _damo_, a large lizard, Varanus exanthematicus.

=karan masallachin kogi=, a name sometimes given to the taller sedges in pools, &c. _vide_ =gwaigwaya=, (Cyperus exaltatus, Retz. &c.).

=karan sariki=, a name for =rake=, a sugar-cane. Saccharum officinarum, Linn.

=karara=, Mucuna pruriensis, DC. (Leguminosæ). “Cowitch” or “Cowhage.” A herbaceous climber with 3-foliate leaves; the pods especially are covered with rusty pungent hairs which cause intense irritation of the skin. (A species of “Velvet-bean”).

=ḳarari= = the fibrous veins of palm fronds (chiefly =giginya= and =goriba=), used for cordage, brooms, &c.

=ḳarasa=, 1. In Gobir, Daura, &c. = Bitter Cassava, Manihot utilissima, _vide_ under =rogo=. 2. In Kano, &c. = the tuber of a species of yam = =doyar kudu= (“southern yam”) planted south of Kano, and in Zanfara, &c.; not eaten as _sokwara_ (cooked mashed yam).

=kardafi=, _vide_ under =garamani=.

=ḳardaji=, _vide_ =ḳaidaji=.

=ḳare aiki=, a var. of =rama=, _q.v._

=kargo= or =kalgo=, Bauhinia reticulata, DC. (Leguminosæ). A very common shrub in the bush, with bifid leaves and brown pods; bark used as cordage.

=ḳariya=, Adenium Honghel, DC. (Apocynaceæ). A peculiar shrub planted near dwellings, with pink flowers; leafless at the time of flowering. (Etym. “the falsehood,” because rarely seen in fruit—=ḳariya fure ta ke yi yaya ba ta yi ba=).

=kariye galma= (“break hoe”), Combretum herbaceum, Don, an undershrub with a hard root; _vide_ =taru=. Several very different plants with fibrous tufted roots are sometimes called by this name, the peculiar structure of the _galma_ rendering it liable to injury; e.g. Aneilema beniniensis, and others; _vide_ under =tsidaun kare=.

=kariye gatari= (“break axe”), a name given to some hard-wood trees, e.g. =maḳarfo= and =kurḍi=, _q.v._

=ḳarḳara= (Kano, &c.), Acacia campylacantha, Hochst. (= A. Catechu, Willd. Leguminosæ); a thorny acacia which yields a good gum used in commerce and medicinally. Syn. =karki= (Sok. Kats. and Zanf.), and =ḳayar raḳumi=; also =ḳaro= (Kano, Sok. and Kats. the name merely meaning gum and applied to other trees). _vide_ also =farichin shafo= or =ḳumbar shafo=.

=karkashi= or =kalkashi=, Ceratotheca sesamoides, Endl. (Pedaliaceæ). A prostrate herb with viscid juice and flowers similar to =riḍi=, or beni seed, _q.v._ Leaves used in soup, &c. Syn. =yauḍo=, Sok. _q.v._

=karkashin zomo=, Indigofera bracteolata, G. et P. (Leguminosæ). A very common plant in the bush, with small leaves and red flowers.

=karki=, _vide_ =ḳarḳara=.

=ḳaro=, _vide_ under =ḳarḳara=. (A name chiefly applied to Acacia campylacantha, but sometimes to other gum or resin-producing trees, e.g. =kadaura=, &c.); _vide_ under =maje=.

=kasara=, Chloris robusta, Stapf, a tall grass with white radiating flower-spikes, found in the beds of rivers.

=karmami= = leafy shoots of =dawa=, =gero=, &c.

=ḳarri= = palm fronds; chiefly applied to =giginya=; _vide_ =kaba= and =gangame=.

=kasfiya= (Sok. Kats. and Zanf.), Crossopteryx Kotschyana, Fenzl. (Rubiaceæ). A tree with bunches of whitish flowers and small hard black fruit. Also called =kashin awaki= (from the appearance of the fruit).

=kashe kaji=, _vide_ under =kaskawami=.

=kashi kashi= ?(Kontagora), a large leguminous tree; _vide_ =kolo=.

=kashin gwanki=, one of the names for Cucumis Figarei, Del. a prostrate weed of the gourd family; _vide_ =gunar kura= or =tsuwawun zaki=.

=kashin kaza=, a kind of bean; _vide_ under =giri giri=.

=kaskaifi=, Uraria picta, Desv. (Leguminosæ). A low perennial plant with long cylindrical flower-spike. (Etym. from its use as a medicinal charm against cutting weapons). Syn. =dakushe=, Sok. (Etym. “to be blunt”)—name probably applied to several plants, or to the prescription so used. _cf._ =miya tsanya=.

=kaskawami=, Psorospermum senegalense, Spach. (Hypericineæ). A shrub with red berries and dotted leaves. The leaves and bark are used as a remedy for itch, &c. also called =kashe kaji=.

=kasmakaru=, Aristida mutabilis, Trin. and Rupr. (Gramineæ). A grass with 3-rayed sharp awns, injurious to horses. (Etym. from injury to the jaw caused by the sharp awns)—name probably applied to several grasses.

=katambiri=, 1. A tree with a ribbed fleshy fruit full of small seeds used to prepare a black cosmetic; (probably several species of Randia, and Gardenia, Nat. Ord. Rubiaceæ, e.g. Randia malleifera, Benth. et Hook. fil.). 2. The cosmetic prepared from this or from the fruit of =gauḍe=, _q.v._

=katsaimu= (Sok. Kats. and East), Aristida stipoides, Lam. (Gramineæ). A tall grass with graceful panicle of sharply awned florets; commonly used for thatching, &c. Syn. =garasa= (Sok. and West); also =wutsiyar jaki= (Sok., &c.), and =tsintsiyar kogi= or =ts. maza= (Katagum). An insect-gall forming a top-shaped swelling on the stem of this grass is variously named, _kunda_, _q.v._ _mazarin kyanwa_, _gudumar biri_, or _goron yan makaranta_.

=ḳatsa ḳatsa= = =burtuntuna=, a Guinea-corn blight; _vide_ under =dawa=.

=katsami= = =daudawar kuka=, _vide_ under =kuka=.

=katsări=, Albizzia Chevalieri, Harms. (Leguminosæ); a tree of the acacia type, with loose balls of whitish fragrant flowers and flat brown pods; the bark is used by tanners in some districts.

=kauchi=, Loranthus pentagona, DC. (and L. dodoneæfolius, DC. and other spp.) (Loranthaceæ). A parasitic shrub commonly growing on various trees; e.g. on =ḳadanya= called =kauchin kaḍai=. Used medicinally and as a charm. _vide_ also under =sansami=. Sometimes called W. Indian Mistletoe.

=ḳaudodo=, _vide_ =ḳabdodo=.

=kaura=, a var. of =dawa=, _q.v._

=kawo=, Afzelia africana, Smith (Leguminosæ); one of the African Mahoganies or “Mahogany Bean,” a large shade tree, with thick very hard pods and large black seeds. The seeds are sold as a medicinal charm called _fasa daga_, _q.v._ The leaves are used as a cattle food.

=ḳawuri=, Ficus kawuri, Hutch. (Urticaceæ); a large tree of the fig family, yielding a white latex collected as rubber. (Ficus glumosa, Del. is included).

=ḳayar giwa=, a ground-trailer with thorny stem and a tuberous root edible when cooked; sometimes used in famine. Syn. =doyar giwa=.

=ḳayar ḳadangare=, Asparagus Pauli-Guilelmi, Solms. and Laub. and other spp. (Liliaceæ); a straggling half-climbing plant with prickles and acicular leaves. Syn. =masun ḳadangare= (“lizard’s spears”); more commonly called =tsatsarar ḅera=, but _vide_ also =ḳarangiyar kusu=. Stems used for traps, &c.

=ḳayar kusu=? _vide_ =kwaranga=.

=ḳayar raḳumi=, _vide_ under =ḳarḳara=.

=ḳeḳasheshe=, 1. Syn. =tsiyayi= = peeled stems of =rama=, _q.v._ used in medicine and magic; also after scotching applied as a black pigment in wall decoration; (_cf._ =zamarke=). 2. The name of one or more different plants in the bush.

=ḳerama=, a var. of =dawa=, _q.v._

=kerana= (Kano, &c.), Euphorbia Barteri, N.E. Br. a tall branched cactus-like tree with angled prickly stem and milky juice. The name includes other species commonly classed as E. abyssinica, Gmelin, used as a fence.

=kibiyar daji=, _vide_ under =tsika=.

=kilili= = flowers of the date palm; _vide_ under =dabino=.

=kimba=, Xylopia æthiopica, A. Rich. (Anonaceæ). “African,” “Guinea,” or “Negro Pepper.” A tree; the small cylindrical black pods are sold as a medicine and spice.

=kimba kimba= or =kimbar dawaki=, &c., Hyptis pectinata, Poir (Labiatæ). An erect odorous weed of damp places.

=kimbar dutsi=, _vide_ =kamu mowa=.

=kimbar mahalba= (Sok. Kats. and Zanf.), Lantana salvifolia, Jacq. (Verbenaceæ). An undershrub with fragrant leaves and flowers used to flavour food, milk, &c.

=kimbar rafi=, ?Platystonia africana, P. Beauv. (Labiatæ). A luxuriant weed of river-beds with slightly fragrant leaves; used medicinally.

=kinchiya= (Sok. and Kats.), Stylochiton Dalzielii, N.E. Br. (Aroideæ). Syn. =gwandayi=, _q.v._

=ḳini= (Sok. and Kats.), Tephrosia purpurea, Pers. (Leguminosæ). A branched undershrub with soft leaves and pink flowers; used medicinally. Syn. =maraguwa= (Katagum, &c.).

=kiri kiri=, Cynodon dactylon, Pers. (Gramineæ). “Dub Grass.” “Bermuda Grass.” A small creeping grass with narrow radiating flower-spikes; a good fodder; capable of forming turf and binding sand. Syn. =tsarkiyar zomo= (Sok.).

=kiriya=, Prosopis oblonga, Benth. (Leguminosæ); an acacia-like tree with white flowering spikes and brown pods; the seeds called _akiye_ or _akwiye_ (Nupe _piye_), are used to make _daudawa_, _q.v._

_namijin kiriya_, _vide_ _kolo_.

_kiriyar kurumi_ or _kaḍanyar kurumi_, a name given to a hard-wooded forest tree of the Benué region, not known in Hausa.

=kirni= (Kano), or =kisni= (Sok. and Zanf.), Briedelia ferruginea, Benth. (Euphorbiaceæ). A shrub, the root of which is in some districts used as an antidote to arrow-poison. _makubar mahalba_ = a fermented extract of the bark used sometimes for hardening floors; (_vide_ under =ḍorowa=).

=kirtani=, a strong twine made from fibre of =yawan wake=, =tumfafiya=, and =yaḍiya=, _q.v._

=ḳi taḅewa=, a medicine; sold in the form of small tuberous pieces with rootlets (probably the root of a grass); used in fumigation as a charm, love-potion, &c. (Etym. “fail me never”).

=ḳodagaya=, a kind of bean; ?Canavalia ensiformis, DC. Cultivated as a climber on fences and trees, &c.

=ḳodago= or (=ḳwalo=), the hard-shelled nut of the Dum palm, _vide_ under =goriba=.

=kokara=, a hard-wooded tree; walking-sticks and cudgels called _umara_, are made from it.

=ko karani=, a var. of =rama=, _q.v._

=ḳoḳiya=, Strychnos spinosa, Lam. (Loganiaceæ). A tree with yellow hard-shelled fruit a little larger than an orange; the acid pulp is edible, the seeds are poisonous.

_namijin ḳoḳiya_, Strychnos alnifolia, Baker, and S. triclisioides, Baker; two very similar shrubs with smaller fruit than =ḳoḳiya=; not edible.

=ḳoḳiyar biri= (Kontagora), Voacanga obtusa, K. Schum. (Apocynaceæ). A tree with paired capsular fruit, which grows in damp ravines.

=koko=, _vide_ under =duma=.

=kokochiko=, Oncoba spinosa, Forsk. (Bixaceæ); a thorny tree with white rose-like flowers and a hard globular fruit which is used as a rattle. (Etym. _kokochiko_ = a child’s rattle).

=kokuwa= (Sok. and West), Limonia sp. (Rutaceæ); a tree with hard green orange-like fruit.

=kolo= (Zanfara), Amblygonocarpus Schweinfurthii, Harms. (Leguminosæ); a large tree with twice-pinnate leaves and brown 4-angled pods. Syn. =namijin kiriya= (Sok.), =kashi kashi= ?(Kontagora).

=kololo=, a var. of the bottle-gourd; _vide_ under =duma=.

=komaya= (Kano), Eragrostis tremula, Hochst. (Gramineæ). A common wild fodder grass; grain eaten in scarcity. Syn. =burburwa= (Sok.). _komaya ta fadama_, Eragrostis biformis, Kunth. and other spp.; taller grasses of wet places, resembling =komaya=.

=komfa= or =chitta komfa=, a var. of spice; _vide_ under =chitta=.

=korkoro= (Kontagora), a grass, _vide_ =fafewa=. _cf._ also =kwarkoro=, _vide_ under =kwarko=.

=ḳosai=, _vide_ under =wake=.

=ḳosain rogo=, Dioscorea dumetorum, Pax. (Dioscorideæ); a species of wild yam with 3-fol. leaves. Syn. =rogon biri=.

=kosfa= = the shell or pod of a dehiscent fruit.

=kuḅewa=, Hibiscus esculentus, Linn. (Malvaceæ). Okra. A broad-leaved malvaceous plant cultivated for its mucilaginous capsules used as a vegetable. Syn. =guro= (Sok.);

_takeyi_ (East Hausa) = soup of okra (from the Ful. name _takeiyeji_). (=kubewa=, pumpkin, _vide_ =kabewa=).