Part 7

=tsarkiyar kusu=, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Vahl. (Verbenaceæ). “Devil’s coach-whip.” A weed with a long narrow spike of pale blue flowers; used medicinally. Syn. =wutsiyar kusu= (or =w. ḅera=), and sometimes =wutsiyar ḳadangare=.

=tsarkiyar zomo= (Sok.). Dub Grass, _vide_ =kiri kiri=.

=tsatsagi=, _vide_ =jirga=.

=tsatsarar ḅera=, or =terkon ḅera=, Asparagus Pauli-Guilelmi, Solms. and Laub., A. africanus, Lam. and other spp. (Liliaceæ). A straggling half-climbing prickly plant with graceful fronds and very narrow leaves; tough stems used to make snares and traps for small animals. (Etym. _tsatsara_, a basket-like fish trap). Syn. =ḳayar ḳadangare=, _q.v._ and =masun ḳadangare=. _cf._ also =karangiyar kusu=.

=tsatsarar kura=, Vitis quadrangularis, Linn.; _vide_ =ḍaḍori=.

=tsaure=, _vide_ =tsabre=.

=tsawa=, _vide_ under =bagayi=.

=tsibiri kinkini=, Ampelocissus Grantii, Planch. (Ampelidæ); a vine with edible berries and a thickened root, hence also called =rogon daji=, _q.v._ Used medicinally. Syn. =farun makiyaya=. Other species of Cissus and Ampelocissus are included, e.g. the “Forest Grape,” A. Bakeri, Planch.

=tsibra= or =tsura= (Sok.), Randia nilotica, Stapf (Rubiaceæ); an erect thorny shrub or small tree. Syn. =barbaji= (East Hausa).

=tsidau=, _vide_ =tsaido=.

=tsidaun kare=, Aneilema beniniensis, Kunth. A. Schweinfurthii, C. B. Clarke, and other species of Commelynaceæ; weeds with delicate blue flowers and tufted fibrous roots. _cf._ =kariye galma=.

=tsidufu=, small hot chillie peppers; _vide_ under =barkono=.

=tsikar daji= (Sok.), or =tsikar dawa=; also =kibiyar daji= Cymbopogon diplandrum, Hack. var. a tall grass covering large areas of uncultivated ground; used for thatch, &c. (Etym. from the recurved pointed flowering spikes). Syn. =tuma da gobara=, _q.v._ (Other tall species of the same genus are probably included).

=tsikar gida= or =tsikar sabra= (=ts. saura=) (Sok.), Leonotis pallida, Benth. (Labiatæ); a tall weed better known as =kain mutum= or =kain ḅarawo=, _q.v._

=tsintsiya=, 1. Panicum subalbidulum, Kunth. (Gramineæ). A grass 3 to 4 feet high; used for thatching and for brooms, and planted as a field boundary.

2. Eragrostis sp. (?E. biformis, Kunth.). A grass of wet places, used for thatch; the species commonly sold for brooms.

=tsira faḳo=, Stylosanthes erecta, Beauv. (Leguminosæ). A herb with fragrant viscid leaves and small yellow flowers. (Etym. from growing up on hard bare areas).

=tsiyayi= = =ḳeḳasheshe=; _vide_ under =rama=.

=tsu= or =farin tsu=, Pavonia hirsuta, Guill. et Perr. (Malvaceæ). A shrub with broad harshly hairy leaves and large yellow flowers with purple centre. (Urena lobata, Linn. Malvaceæ, is sometimes distinguished as =jan tsu=; _vide_ =ramaniya=).

=tsuku= or =tsuwuku= (Kano), Biophytum sensitivum, DC. (or Oxalis sensitiva, Geraniaceæ); a small pinnate-leaved herb with the habit of a tiny palm and salmon-pink flowers; as in the “Sensitive Plant” the leaves contract when touched. (Popular names are _mata gara ḳafafunki_, _rufe rumbu_, _ka buḍi ka noḳe_, &c. (_noḳewa_ = contracting or withdrawing).

=tsura=, _vide_ =tsibra=.

=tsuwawun biri=, Vitis cornifolia, Bak. (Ampelideæ), an erect plant of the vine family, with ovoid pointed berries; root medicinal. Syn. ?=rigyar biri=.

=tsuwawun zaki= (Sok. Kats. and Zanf.), Cucumis Figarei, Del. (Cucurbitaceæ). A wild ground trailer of the gourd family with ovoid slightly prickly fruit. Syn. =maḳaimi= (Katagum), =kashin gwanki=, =gunar kura=; =gwolon zaki= (East Hausa). Used medicinally and as a medicinal charm for chickens.

=tswa=, _vide_ =tsa=.

=tswada=, _vide_ =tsada=.

=tubani=, a food prepared from beans; _vide_ under =wake=.

=tubanin dawaki=, Peristrophe bicalyculata, Nees. (Acanthaceæ). An erect annual with pink flowers; can be used as fodder.

=tuḍi=, _vide_ under =faru=.

=tugandi=, large mild chillies; _vide_ under =barkono=.

=tuji= or =chiyawar tuji=, Eleusine indica, Gaertn. (Gramineæ). A coarse tufted grass with digitate flower-spikes; resembling but smaller than =tamba=, _q.v._ a good fodder and capable of being used as food.

=tukurra= (Sok.), Melochia corchorifolia, Linn. (Malvaceæ). An erect plant of wet places; 2 to 4 feet high; stems used for _tanka_; bark used for cordage, and leaves sometimes used in soup.

=tukuruwa=, Raphia vinifera, Pal. Beauv. (Palmeæ). “Bamboo Palm.” “Wine Palm.” Stems used for roofing, canoe-poles, &c. (= _gongola_; _gwangwala_, the Nupé name for this palm); leaf for various plaited articles (e.g. _kabido_, _q.v._ a kind of waterproof hood; and _kororo_, cowrie bags); _bami_ or palm-wine is usually made from this species in N. Nigeria. _vide_ also =murli=, =gangame=, &c.; a mealy layer between the husk and the hard nut is eaten in Munchi as a food and medicine, &c.

=tuma da gobara= (Sok. and Zanf.), Cymbopogon diplandrum, Hack. _var._ A tall grass with reflexed flower-spikes, very abundant in the bush; used for thatch. (Etym. from the crackling and jerking of the dry spikes when burnt). Syn. =tsikar daji=, _q.v._

=tumbin jaki=, Paspalum scorbiculatum, Linn. (Gramineæ); a wild grass used in some districts as a cereal; a sort of “hungry rice” or “bastard millet.” (Etym. probably from observed unwholesome effects).

=tumfafiya=, Calotropis procera, R. Br. (Asclepiadeæ). “Dead Sea” or “Sodom Apple.” (Arab. _ashur_, and closely related to the Indian _mudar_ or _ak_—Calotropis gigantea). A large “Milkweed,” a common shrub of peculiar appearance with broad hoary-white leaves and milky juice, umbels of pink and purplish flowers and bladdery capsular fruit; only found near habitations and used in many ways, medicinally, for cordage, &c.

=tumkiya=, a grass; (applied loosely to several plants with white flowers or pale foliage). _cf._ =Ba-Fillatani=, and =karani=.

=tumkiyar rafi= (Sok., &c.), Heliotropium ovalifolium, Forsk. (Boragineæ). A coarse weed with small white flowers; used medicinally.

=tumniya=, _vide_ =tinya=.

=tumu=, ears of early ripening =gero= or =maiwa= and other cereals excluding maize, eaten roasted (not boiled, &c.).

=tumuku=, Coleus dysentericus, Baker (Labiatæ). A cultivated annual with tuberous potato-like root.

=tumukun biri=, Syncolostemon ocymoides, Sch. et Thon. (Labiatæ). A wild plant very similar to the above, with small tubers. Syn. ?=sankwo= (Kano).

=tumukun suri=, Potaxon pistillaris, Fr. An erect club-shaped fungus with brown dusty spores as in the puff-ball, commonly found on ant-hills. Synonyms numerous, e.g. =muruchin jibba= or =m. jibji= (Kano), =wutar barewa= (the Beri Beri equivalent, from the smoke-like cloud of spore-dust when burst), =tabar angulu=, =tabar kura=, =geron kantu=.

=tumun shalla=, _vide_ =shalla=.

=tuna= (often pronounced =tunam= or =tunas=), Pseudocedrela Kotschyi, Harms. (Meliaceæ). A tree with undulate-edged leaves like the oak; a good timber; bark used medicinally.

=tun jamjam= (?Hausa), flowers of the tamarind-tree; _vide_ under =tsamiya=.

=turgunuwa=, _vide_ =lalu=.

=turri=, a dye; generally a synonym for =gangamu= or turmeric, _q.v._

=tursuje= (Ful.), Hæmatostaphis Barteri, Hook. f. (Anacardiaceæ). A tree with pendulous racemes of purple plum-like edible fruit; bark used medicinally. “Blood Plum.”

=tururubi=, Lasiosyphon Kraussii, Meisn. (Thymeleæ). A small erect herb with yellow heads of flowers and a thickened root; leaf and root are very poisonous.

=turu turu=, _vide_ under =ḍorowa=.

=tutar yan sariki=, _vide_ =sutura=.

=tutubidi=, _vide_ =babar more=.

=tuwon biri=, _vide_ under =doya=.

=tuwon ḅaure=, _vide_ under =alkama=.

=twashshi=, _vide_ under =barkono=.

=U=

=umara=, _vide_ =kokara=.

=uwa banza=?, _vide_ =gizaki=.

=uwar maganni=, Urena sinuata, Linn. (Malvaceæ). A shrub 6 to 8 feet high with pink flowers and deeply lobed leaves, planted in compounds (Sokoto West) for its strong fibrous bark used for cordage. (Etym. ?=uwar magami=, “mother of joinings”). This species is scarcely distinguishable from the wild U. lobata, or =ramaniya=, _q.v._ and is often so named.

=uwar mangunguna= (Sok. Zanf., &c.), Securidaca longipedunculata, Fres. (Polygalaceæ). _vide_ =sainyia=. (Etym. “mother of medicines”).

=uwar yara= (Kano, Katagum, &c.); Ficus capensis, Thunb. (Urticaceæ). A species of fig-tree with dense clusters of edible figs growing on the trunk and older branches. (Etym. from the abundant fruiting clusters). Syn. =haguguwa= (Kano, Bauchi, &c.), =garicha= (Zanfara), and =farin ḅaure=.

=W=

=wadda=, Rauwolfia Welwitschii, Stapf. (Apocynaceæ); a tree somewhat resembling the shea-butter tree, with milky sap; (Benué district and south).

=wa= or =ya= (Sok.), Ficus sp. (Urticaceæ). A species of fig-tree with rounded cordate leaves and large single figs. =wan kurumi=, another species of Ficus.

=waiyaro=, _vide_ =ḳaguwa=.

=wake=, Vigna sinensis, Endl. (V. Catjang, Walp.), and perhaps other species. The common cultivated bean of the country. _Chowlee_ (India), _Tow Kok_ (China).

Numerous varieties are recognized, some of them probably of different species:—

_farin wake_, and _jan wake_, _waken damana_;

_ḳwama_ (Sok. and Gobir) = small brown beans usually given to horses but also used as human food;

_tsarariya_, also a brown bean, sometimes mottled;

_zaḳo_, _mai zaḳi_, or _ba-zaḳa_ (Gobir), a well-flavoured bean which can be cooked without salt;

_ḍan Uda_, or _Ba-Ude_ (Kano), a bean which is half black or brown and half white like a similarly marked variety of sheep (_Udawa_, a Fulani tribe); _roko_, also a piebald bean;

_yaro da manda_, a spotted black and white bean;

_hannun marini_, with a blue pod and seeds black-speckled;

_ḍan kwoloje_, a larger white bean;

_ḍan arbain_, planted in damp places and said to be ripe in 40 days after planting;

_damana biyu_ or _kaka biyu_, perhaps the same as _ḍan arbain_, because two crops can be grown in one season;

_ka nannaḍe_, _q.v._ a brown-speckled bean in curled pods; _bidi_, also a speckled bean.

Beans are used as food in the following ways:—

1. Fresh leaves used as a vegetable or in soup.

2. Young pods eaten raw or cooked.

3. Beans eaten boiled; the husks given to cattle.

4. _Tubani_, dried beans pounded, _kanwa_ added, tied up in folded palm or other leaf and boiled.

5. _Ḍan wake_, bean meal with _kanwa_ boiled in lumps and balls, eaten with a soup or sauce of ground-nuts, salt, pepper, &c. (_romon geḍa_).

6. _Ḳosai_, dried beans soaked in cold water, ground moist, and then boiled in ground-nut oil and made into balls or dough-nuts; (mucilage of _yoḍo_, _q.v._ may be added for cohesion); _ḳosai_ of beans nearly corresponds with _kwalli kwalli_ of ground-nuts, and _abakuru_ of =kwaruru=, _q.v._

7. _Wasa wasa_, porridge of ground beans.

8. _Maka_ (East Hausa), bean leaves dried and used in soup.

_harawan wake_ = bean straw used as fodder.

_kowar wake_ = bean pods or husks.

_jimḅirin wake_ = immature bean pods used as a vegetable often uncooked.

The following saying is applied to the bean:—“_na gazawa garkuwar maiḳi niḳa, ka ḳi fari uku, ka ḳi a gona, ka ḳi a tukunya, ka ḳi a chiki_.” These are nicknames for the bean, which is both an unprofitable crop and an inconvenient and coarse kind of food, but the stranger goes home and describes them as novelties which he has seen—the bane of the indolent who will not take the trouble to grind it—in the field it occupies more space than its value—in the pot it requires long cooking—in the stomach it disagrees.

=waken Ankwai=, =waken bisa=, a large climbing bean, cultivated in some districts; probably the white-seeded var. of Canavalia ensiformis, DC. “Sword Bean,” _vide_ under =ḅarankachi=. (_Ankwai_, a pagan tribe in Muri).

=waken baibayi= or =waken Gwari=, Dolichos Lablab, Linn. A cultivated climbing bean on fences, trees near houses, or on hut roofs, &c.; called also =w. damfami=, =w. darni=, &c.

=waken barewa= or =waken damo=, Vigna membranacea, A. Rich. and other spp. Wild twining beans in fields &c. _vide_ =gayan gayan=. (Vigna vexillata, Benth. Vigna pubigera, Baker, &c.).

=waken gizo=, Vigna triloba, Walp. A bean twining on fences, &c. greatly resembling the common cultivated bean; eaten by goats, &c. The saying _ka yi ḍiya ka watsas_, is used of this (from the scattering of the seeds when the pods burst).

=waken tumḳa=, _vide_ =yawa=.

=waken Turawa= or =waken Masar=, W. Stambul, &c. Cajanus indicus, Spreng. “Congo Pea,” “Pigeon Pea.” An erect shrub introduced for cultivation. A form of Indian “dal.”

=walkin tsofo= or =walkin wawa=, Trichodesma africanum, R. Br. (Boragineæ); a coarse herb with white flowers, common near villages, &c. (Etym. “old man’s” or “fool’s apron”).

=wasa wasa=, a food made of beans; _vide_ under =wake=.

=wayo=, a var. of =dawa=, _q.v._

=wutar barewa=, a species of fungus; _vide_ under =tumukun suri=.

=wuta wuta=, _vide_ =ḳuduji=.

=wutsiyar ḅera=, _vide_ =tsarkiyar kusu=.

=wutsiyar damo=, _vide_ =karan masallachi=.

=wutsiyar giwa=, _vide_ =gabara=.

=wutsiyar jaki=, _vide_ =katsaimu=.

=wutsiyar ḳadangare=, _vide_ =tsarkiyar kusu=.

=wutsiyar kurege= or =bundin kurege=, a grass about 12 to 18 inches high, with a bottle-brush-like flowering spike. A name somewhat loosely applied, and including Trichopteryx hordeiformis, Stapf, and Perotis latifolia, Ait.

=wutsiyar kusu= or =w. ḅera=, _vide_ =tsarkiyar kusu= and =shinaka=.

=wutsiyar raḳumi=, Platycoryne paludosa, Rolfe (Orchideæ). A small ground orchid with orange-coloured flowers. (Etym. from the long spur of the flower; probably applied to several orchids with spurred flowers).

=wuyan bajimi=, a var. of =gero=, _q.v._

=wuyan damo=, Combretum leonense, Engl. and Diels. and perhaps other spp. (Combretaceæ). A tree with corrugated bark and 4-winged fruit; a gum yielder; bark used as an astringent medicine. (Etym. from the rough scaly bark resembling the skin of the large lizard, _damo_, Varanus exanthematicus).

=Y=

=ya=, a species of fig-tree; _vide_ =wa=.

=yaḅi= = arrow-poison; _vide_ =kwankwani=. (_yaḅa_ = to smear). Syn. =zabgai=.

=yabainya= (Kano), the young plants of =dawa= or =gero=, (which contain prussic acid and are in some circumstances highly poisonous until they reach a certain stage of growth).

=yaḍiya=, Leptadenia lancifolia, Decne. (Asclepiadeæ). A common twiner with half-succulent leaves and a thick greenish sap; leaves and flowers used as food, and bark for fibre.

=yaḍiyar kada=, Taccazea Barteri, Baill. (Apocynaceæ). A twiner with milky juice, common on trees, &c. near streams; (including other species).

=yaji= or =yan yaji=, a general name for spice; _vide_ =chitta=, =kubla=, &c.

=ya ḳi ruwan Allah=, _vide_ under =kwarko=.

=yako= (Sok. and Kats.), Ipomœa pilosa, Sweet, and other spp. (Convolvulaceæ). A rough-leaved convolvulus common on fences, &c. in towns; _vide_ under =barmatabo=. The dried leaves form a medicine called _dankon kuyangi_.

=yakuwa=, Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Linn. (Malvaceæ). “Red Sorrel,” “Rosella.” A cultivated plant with acid leaves and succulent calyx (usually red in colour), used as a vegetable. Syn. =sure= (Sok.). _gurguzu_ = seeds of =yakuwa=; _daudawar beso_ = seeds boiled and crushed and the oil extracted, used for soup and as a medicinal vehicle. _zoḅarodo_ = the fleshy calyces of =yakuwa= used in food, as a beverage, &c.

=yakuwar fatake= or =y. mahalba=, _vide_ =ayana= and =buḍa yau=.

=yakuwar ḳaya=, =y. kwaḍi=, =y. daji=, =y. ḳaimamowa=, &c. = wild varieties of Hibiscus cannabinus, Linn. a very variable plant; _vide_ =ḳarama mowa= and =rama=.

=yalo=, a variety of the native tomato; _vide_ under =gauta=.

=yama=, a common tall grass of meadows, &c. Cymbopogon rufus, Kunth. used for _zana_ and thatch.

=yamḅururu= (Sok.), Merremia angustifolia, Hill. fil. (Convolvulaceæ). A prostrate convolvulus with narrow leaves, wiry stems, and small pale yellowish flowers. In some districts called =gadon machiji=, _q.v._ Syn. =gammon bawa=, _q.v._ The name =yamḅururu= in Kontagora and elsewhere = Ipomœa eriocarpa, R. Br. and other spp.; the smaller variety of twining convolvulus common on fences, &c.

=ya manya= (Sok.), _vide_ =kain fakara=.

=yanbama= (Sok.), Pennisetum Benthamii, Steud. _var._ (Gramineæ), a tall grass, 6 to 8 feet high, with cylindrical flower-spike like a smaller =gero=. “Elephant Grass.” _cf._ =dawar kada=.

=yandi=, a large tree used in native house-building. Ficus sp.

=yan guriya= = cotton seed; _vide_ under =abduga=.

=yar gari=, a var. of cotton; _vide_ under =abduga=.

=yaro da dariya=, _vide_ under =kwaruru=.

=yaro da manda=, a var. of bean; _vide_ under =wake=.

=yaron kogi=, _vide_ under =ḳaidajin ruwa=.

=yar unguwa=, _vide_ =gasaya=.

=yaryaḍi=, 1. Ipomœa sp. (Convolvulaceæ). A convolvulus or “Morning glory” (probably including several species). 2. =yaryaḍi= or =yaryaḍin gona=, a wild leguminous twiner with hairy leaves and pods in clusters. Vigna luteola, Benth. var. villosa, Baker.

=yaryaḍin kura= (Katagum), Gymnema sylvestre, R. Br. (Asclepiadeæ). A twiner with milky juice.

=ya tabshi=, a var. of the cotton plant; _vide_ under =abduga=.

=yatsa biat=, _vide_ =hannu biat=.

=ya tsauri=, a var. of the cotton plant; _vide_ under =abduga=.

=yauḍo=, =yabḍo=, or =yoḍo= (Sok.), Ceratotheca sesamoides, Endl. (Pedaliaceæ). A herb related to sesame (_vide_ =riḍi=), with mucilaginous juice and pink flowers; used in soup and medicinally; added to cereals and pulses to give cohesion in preparing various comestibles. (Etym. probably from the viscid sap). Syn. =karkashi=.

=yauki= (Kontagora), ?Crotalaria polychotoma, Taub. (Leguminosæ). A low pubescent herb with small yellow flowers; used medicinally. _vide_ =sa furfura=.

=yawa=, fibre from various sources. 1. Chiefly that from a var. of the cultivated bean, Vigna sinensis, Endl. grown for the strong fibrous bark of the flowering peduncles, used for fishing lines, nets, horse-girths, &c. Syn. =waken tumḳa= (Sok.), =waken tuḳa= (Gobir), =waken tuka= (Kano). 2. the root-bark of the acacia =ḍakwora=, _q.v._ (Acacia Senegal), and other species of acacia, e.g. =ḍunḍu= and =twatsa=, _q.v._ used for strong ropes, &c. _cf._ =meḍi=. 3. Applied also to the fibre of Polygala butyracea, Hack. (_cheyi_ of Kabba, _enyigi_ of Nupé), grown by pagans in the south, Munchi, Togo, &c.

=yaya kai ka fito=, _vide_ =ḳaḳa kai ka fito=.

=yayan dara=, seeds of various trees used in the game _dara_, and hence applied to a leguminous tree in the south, with prickly pods containing two large round seeds—Cæsalpinia Bonducella, Fleming.

=yazawa= or =zazawa=, an undershrub, wild or planted in compounds; the root is an acrid poison and is used for making tribal marks, and as an ingredient in some recipes for arrow-poison.

=yoḍo=, _vide_ =yauḍo=.

=Z=

=zabgai=, arrow-poison; syn. =yaḅi=; _vide_ =kwankwani=.

=zabibi=, a plant with a tuberous rhizome yielding a yellow dye. Curcuma sp. (Scitamineæ). _cf._ =gangamau=.

=zabiya=, a variety of date; _vide_ under =dabino=.

=zabo= (Sok.), Aloe sp.—probably A. Barteri, Baker (Liliaceæ). An aloe with stiff speckled and hard pointed leaves; two varieties occur; 1. a bush variety with orange-yellow flowers. 2. _zabon dafi_, a cultivated variety planted near houses, having bright red flowers and becoming very succulent; used as an ingredient of arrow-poison; also called _zabo ko_. Syn. =kabar giwa= (Kano, Zaria, &c.).

=zago=, a var. of =dawa=, _q.v._

=zaḳami=, Datura Metel, Linn. (Solanaceæ). “Metel” or “Hairy Thorn Apple.” A coarse branched annual with broad leaves and long white trumpet-shaped flowers, common in waste places about towns, &c. The seeds, in globular prickly capsules, are a deliriant poison. Syn. =haukat yaro= (from its use as an excitant to youths at _sharo_ contests). In Sokoto and Katsina called =babba jibji=, _q.v._ The epithet _sutura_ (East Hausa) is applied to this plant (from the folding of the unopened corolla).

=zaḳi banza=, Amaranthus viridis, Linn. (Amaranthaceæ). A common weed with spikes of inconspicuous greenish flowers; a form of native spinage used as a vegetable and sometimes cultivated. (Etym. from the insipid taste). Syn. =ruḳuḅu= (Sok. and Kats.), and =malamkochi= (Katsina).

=zaḳi birri=, _vide_ under =goriba=.

=zaḳo=, a var. of bean; _vide_ under =wake=.

=zamarke=, Sesbania punctata, DC. (Leguminosæ). A tall slender leguminous shrub of wet places, with pinnate leaves and yellow flowers; a sooty pigment got by scorching the stems is used to decorate huts; the stems are used for arrow-shafts. Syn. =checheko= (East Hausa) _cf._ also =alambo=.

=zamfaruwa=, a var. of =gero=, _q.v._

=zango=, a var. of =gero=, _q.v._

=zayi=? (Katagum, &c.), Boscia senegalensis, Lam. (Capparideæ); a low shrub with bunches of small whitish flowers and berry fruit; leaves and berries used as food. _cf._ =anza=.

=zazar giwa= or =zazar gwiwa=, _vide_ =sare gwiwa=.

=zazawa=, _vide_ =yazawa=.

=zindi= (Katagum, Kanuri?), Combretum sp. nr. C. Hartmannianum, Schweinf. (Combretaceæ); a tree with shining foliage and 4-winged fruit; probably the same as =chiriri= (C. Kerstingii, Engl. and Diels.), _q.v._

=zoḅarado=, the calyces of the “Red Sorrel” or =yakuwa= (Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn.), _q.v._ used as food, medicine, and a beverage.

=zogalagandi=, Moringa pterygosperma, Gaertn. (Moringaceæ). “Horse-radish Tree.” A tree with graceful foliage white flowers and long pendulous pods, frequently planted around houses, and therefore also called =samarin danga=. The winged seeds yield an oil (“Oil of Ben”). Syn. =bagaruwar Makka= (Sok.), =barambo= (Gobir), also sometimes called =taḅa ni ka samu=, _q.v._ (_cf._ =kurnan nasara=). The roots can be used as horse-radish and the young leaves as a vegetable.

=zugu=, _vide_ under =abduga=.

=zunguru=, a var. of the bottle-gourd; _vide_ under =duma=.

=zunzuna=, _vide_ =rawaya=.

=zurma=, Ricinus communis, Linn. (Euphorbiaceæ). “Castor Oil Plant.” A tall shrub with large broad leaves and erect racemes of spiny capsules containing the seed from which castor oil is made; commonly planted in compounds or growing in waste places. The oil is chiefly used externally by Hausas, for sores on camels, &c. _kufi_ = a dark oily extract from the mixed seeds of =zurma=, =bi ni da zugu=, and =aduwa=, _q.v._

=zuru=, a var. of the bottle-gourd; _vide_ under =duma=.

=zuwo=, Celtis integrifolia, Lam. (Urticaceæ). A large tree. “Nettle-tree.” Syn. =dukki=, _q.v._ _cf._ also =dinkin=.

INDEX TO GENERA AND POPULAR NAMES

REFERENCE

=A=

=Abrus= _idon zakara_.

=Acacia= _bagaruwa_,

_ḍakwora_,

_dushe_,

_fara ḳaya_,

_farichin shafo_,

_gaba chara_,

_gardayi_,

_gawo_,

_ḳarḳara_,

_ḳwandariya_,

_yawa_.

=Achryanthes= _haḳorin machiji_.

=Adansonia= _kuka_.

=Adenium= _ḳariya_.

=Adenodolichos= _ḳwiwa_.

=Adenopus= _gojin jima_.

=Adina= _kaḍanyar rafi_.

=Æolanthus= _ḍeiḍoya_.

=Ærua= _alhaji_.

=Æschynome= _falfoli_,

_ḳaidajin ruwa_.

=Afrormosia= _ba-jini_,

_maḳarfo_.

=Afzelia= _kawo_.

=Agaricus= _naman kaza_.

=Albizzia= _katsari_.

=Alchornea= _bambami_.

=Algæ= _limniya_.

=Allium= _albasa_,

_tafarnuwa_.

=Aloe= _zabo_.

=Alternanthera= _mai-kain dubu_.

=Alysicarpus= _gadagi_.

=Amaranthus= _alayafu_,

_zaḳi banza_.

=Amblygonocarpus= _kolo_.

=Ambrosia= _babar more_.

=Amomum= _chitta_.

=Amorphophallus= _gwazar giwa_,

_ḳwododon kwaḍo_.

=Ampelocissus= _tsibiri kinkini_.

=Anacardium= _kanju_.

=Anaphrenium= _hawayen zaki_,

_shiwakar jan garigari_.

=Anchomanes= _tsakara_.

=Andropogon= _bayan mariya_,

_damba_,

_gamba_,

_laḅanda_,

_jan baḳo, &c._

=Aneilema= _tsidaun kare_.

=Anogeissus= _marike_.

=Anona= _gwandar daji_.

=Ansellia= _manta uwa_.

=Anthericum= _tamraro_.

=Anthocleista= _kwari_.

APPLE—

AKEE _alale_.

BALSAM _garafuni_.

CUSTARD WILD _gwandar daji_.

HAIRY THORN _zaḳami_.

DEAD SEA or SODOM _tumfafiya_.

=Arachis= _geḍa_,

_gujiya_.

=Argemone= _kwarko_.

=Aristida= _datsi_,

_kasmakaru_,

_katsaimu_.

=Aristolochia= _gaḍakuka_.

=Arnebia= _jinin mutum_.

ARROW-POISON _kwankwani_.

ARROWROOT, SOUTH SEA _amara_.

=Artemisia= _tazargadi_.

=Artocarpus= _barabutu_.

=Arundo= _gabara_.

=Asclepias= _risgar kurege_.

=Asparagus= _tsatsarar ḅera_.

=Aspilia= _nanake_.

AUBERGINE _gauta_.

=B=

=Balanites= _aduwa_.

=Balsamodendron= _dashi_,

_jawul_.

BAMBOO _gora_.

BANANA _ayaba_.

BAOBAB _kuka_.

=Baphia= _majigi_.

BARLEY _shair_.

BASIL, SWEET _ḍeiḍoya_.

=Bauhinia= _jirga_,

_kargo_.

BDELLIUM, AFRICAN _dashi_.

BEAD TREE _kurnan nasara_.

BEAN _wake_.

MAHOGANY _kawo_.

“OVERLOOK” _ḅarankachi_.

SWORD _ḅarankachi_,

_waken Ankwai_.

YAM _giri giri_.

BENISEED _riḍi_.

=Bergia= _bushi_.

BETU, OIL OF _aduwa_.

=Biophytum= _tsuku_.

BIRD’S EYE _idon zakara_.

=Blepharis= _faskara toyi_.

=Blighia= _alale_,

_Gwanja kusa_.

BLOODFLOWER _albasar kwaḍi_.

BLOOD PLUM _tursuje_.

BLOODWOOD _madobia_.

=Boerhaavia= _babba juji_.

=Bombax= _gurjiya_.

=Borassus= _giginya_.

=Boscia= _anza_,

_zayi_.

=Boswellia= _hano_.

BREAD-FRUIT _barabutu_.

BREAK-AXE _kariye gatari_.

BREAK-HOE _kariye galma_.

=Briedelia= _kirni_.

BRINJAL _gauta_.

BROOM-WEED, SWEET _roma fada_.

BRYONY _gautan zomo_.

BUFFALO-HORN _magariyar kura_.

BULRUSH _shalla_.

=Burkea= _kurḍi_.

=Butyrospermum= _kaḍanya_.

=C=

CABBAGE TREE _kwari_.

=Cadaba= _bagayi_.

=Cadalvena= _takalmin zomo_.

=Cæsalpinia= _yayan dara_.

=Cajanus= _waken Turawa_.

CALTROP _tsaido_,

_dayi_.

WATER _geḍar ruwa_.

CAMWOOD _majigi_.

=Canavalia= _ḅarankachi_,

_ḳodagaya_,

_waken Ankwai_.

=Capparis= _haujeri_,

_ḳabdodo_.

=Capsicum= _barkono_.

=Caralluma= _karan masallachi_.

=Cardiospermum= _gautan kwaḍo_.

=Carica= _gwanda_.

=Carissa= _gizaḳi_.

=Carpodinus= _alubada_.

CASSAVA _rogo_.

=Cassia= _bagaruwar ḳassa_,

_fideli_,

_filasko_,

_gamma faḍa_,

_rai ḍore_,

_runhu_,

_tafasa_.

=Cassytha= _rumfar gada_.

CASTOR OIL _zurma_.

=Celosia= _alayafu (farin)_,

_nanafo_.

=Celtis= _zuwo_.

=Centaurea= _dayi_.

=Cenchrus= _ḳarangiya_.

=Cephalandra= _barkonon biri_,

_gurjin daji_.

=Ceratotheca= _karkashi_.

CHESTNUT, WATER _geḍar ruwa_.

CHEW-STICK TREE _marike_,

_tafashia_.

CHILLIES _barkono_.

=Chloris= _ḳafar fakara_,

_kasara_.

=Chlorophora= _loko_.

=Chrozophora= _damaigi_.

=Chrysanthellum= _rariyar ḳassa_.

=Cienfuegosia= _kaḍa kaḍa_.

=Cissampelos= _jibda ḳassa_.

=Citrullus= _agushi_,

_guna_.

=Citrus= _lemu_.

CLEAVERS _ḍan kaḍafi_.

=Clematis= _rogon daji_.

=Clerodendron= _mashayi_.

=Clinogyne= _fita_.

CLOVES _ḳanumfari_.

=Cochlospermum= _rawaya_.

=Cocos= _kwakwar Attagara_.

=Cola= _goro_.

=Colocasia= _gwaza_.

=Combretum= _chiriri_,

_dalo_,

_geza_,

_goga jiki_,

_kariye galma_,

_taramniya_,

_wuyan damo_,

_zindi_.

=Commelyna= _balasa_.

=Commiphora= _dali_.

CONVOLVULUS, _vide_ =Ipomœa=.

COPAIBA BALSAM, WEST AFRICAN _kadaura_.

CORAL TREE _majiriya_.

=Corchorus= _lalu_,

_malafiya_.

=Cordia= _aliliba_.

CORN, GUINEA _dawa_.

INDIAN _masara_.

=Costus= _ka ḳi zuwa Hausa_.

COTTON _abduga_.

COWHAGE or COWITCH _karara_.

=Cratæva= _ingidido_.

CRESS, COMMON or GARDEN _algarif_,

_labsur_.

=Crinum= _albasar kwaḍi_.

=Crossopteryx= _kasfiya_.

=Crotalaria= _biya rana_,

_geḍar awaki_,

_maganin kunama_,

_manta uwa_,

_sa furfura_,

_yauki_.

=Croton= _itchen Masar_.

=Cryptolepis= _ḳafon baḍi_.

=Ctenium= _shinaka_.

=Ctenolepis= _ḍiyan hanwawa_.

CUCUMBER, AFRICAN _kurzunu_.

=Cucumis= _gurji_,

_kain fakara_,

_nonon kura_,

_tsuwawun zaki_.

=Cucurbita= _kabewa_.

=Curculigo= _doyar kurege_.

=Curcuma= _gangamau_,

_zabibi_.

CUS CUS _jema_.

=Cussonia= _gwabsa_.

=Cyathula= _ḳarangiyar kusu_.

=Cyanotis= _raḅa_,

_tamraro_.

=Cycnium= _Gwanja kusa_.

=Cymbopogon= _gajiri_,

_ḳyara_,

_nobe_,

_tsabre_,

_tsikar daji_,

_yama_.

=Cynodon= _kiri kiri_.

=Cyperus= _aya_,

_aya-aya_,

_ḍan Tunuga_,

_gizgiri_,

_gwaigwaya_,

_kajiji_.

=D=

=Dactyloctenium= _guḍe guḍe_.

“DAL” _waken Turawa_.

=Daniellia= _kadaura_.

DATE _dabino_.

DESERT _aduwa_.

=Datura= _babba juji_,

_zaḳami_.

=Desmodium= _ḍan kaḍafi_.

=Detarium= _taura_.

“DEVIL’S COACH-WHIP” _tsarkiyar kusu_.

=Dichrostachys= _ḍunḍu_,

_sarḳaḳiya_.

=Dicoma= _dauḍa_.

=Digitaria= _acha_,

_harḳiya_,

_karani_,

_makari_.

=Dioscorea= _doya_,

_ḳosain rogo_,

_sakata_.

=Diospyros= _kanya_.

=Dolichos= _waken baibayi_.

=Donax= _fita_.

DRAGON’S BLOOD _madobia_.

DUB _kiri kiri_.

DURRA _dawa_.

=Dyschoriste= _fidda hakukuwa_.

=E=

EBONY, AFRICAN _kanya_.

EGG-PLANT _gauta_.

=Elais= _kwakwa_.

ELEMI, AFRICAN _atillis_.

=Eleusine= _tamba_,

_tuji_.

=Entada= _tawatsa_.

=Eragrostis= _buddari_,

_burburwa_,

_tsintsiya_.

=Eriodendron= _rimi_.

=Erythrina= _majiriya_.