Chapter 13 of 25 · 12380 words · ~62 min read

PART I.

INFANTRY EXERCISE, MOVEMENTS, &c.

MUSKET—FLINT LOCK.

lb. lb. Weight of Musket 10} 11 Do. of Bayonet 1} Charge, Ball cartridge 6 drams. Blank cartridge 5 drams.

PERCUSSION SMALL ARMS.

1. Percussion Musket, Smooth-bore: 1842 Pattern.

Barrel {Length 3 ft. 3 in. {Diameter of bore ·753 inch. Musket {Length 4 ft. 7 in. {Weight 10 lb. 2 oz. Bayonet {Length beyond muzzle 1 ft. 5½ in. {Weight 1 lb. 1 oz. Arm complete {Length 6 ft. ½ in. with bayonet {Weight 11 lb. 3 oz.

Bullet (Spherical) ·689 inch diameter, weight 490 grains. Charge, 4½ drams F. G. Sixty rounds with 75 Caps = 6 lb. 10 oz.

2. Artillery Carbine: 1853 Pattern.

Barrel {Length 2 feet. {Diameter of bore ·577 in. Carbine {Length 3 ft. 4½ in. {Weight 6 lb. 7½ oz. Sword Bayonet {Length 1 ft. 10¾ in. beyond muzzle {Weight 1 lb. 12 oz. Arm Complete {Length 5 ft. 3 in. with bayonet {Weight 8 lb. 3½ oz. The Rifling is 3 grooves and one turn, 6 ft. 6 in. Bullet {Weight 530 gr. {Diameter ·568 in. Charge of Powder, 2 drams F. G. Weight of 20 Rounds, with 25 Caps = 1 lb. 11 oz. 2 drams.

3. Regulation Rifle—Musket: 1851 Pattern.

Barrel {Length 3 ft. 3 in. {Bore ·702 in. Rifling, 4 Grooves, one turn in 6 ft. 6 in. Musket {Length 4 ft. 7 in. {Weight 9 lb. 9¼ oz. Bayonet {Length beyond muzzle 1 ft. 5½ in. {Weight 15½ oz. Arm complete {Length 6 ft. 0½ in. with bayonet {Weight 10 lb. 8¾ oz. Bullet (Minie) {Weight 696 gr. {Diameter ·691 in. Sixty rounds and 75 Caps = 7 lb. 0 oz. 8 drs. Charge, 2½ drs. F. G.

4. Enfield Rifle—Musket: 1853 Pattern.

Barrel {Length 3 ft. 3 in. {Bore ·577 in. Three grooves, one turn in 6 ft. 6 in. Musket {Length 4 ft. 7 in. {Weight 8 lb. 8 oz. Bayonet {Length beyond muzzle 1 ft. 5½ in. {Weight 11 oz. Complete with {Length 6 ft. 0½ in. Bayonet {Weight 9 lb. 3 oz. Bullet {Weight 530 gr. {Diameter ·567 in. Charge, 2½ drams F. G. Sixty rounds and 75 Caps = 5 lb. 8 oz. 4 drams.

5. Victoria Carbine: (For Cavalry.)

Barrel {Length 2 ft. 2 in. {Bore ·733 in. Bullet {Weight 490 gr. (Spherical) {Diameter ·689 in. Charge, 2½ drams F. G. Arm complete {Length 3 ft. 6 in. {Weight 7 lb. 9 oz.

6. Naval Rifle.

1842 Pattern. Percussion musket, Rifled with 3 or 4 grooves. Bullet (Minie), {Weight 848 gr. with iron cup {Diameter ·746 in. Charge, 3 drams F. G.

7. Pistol: Army pattern.

Barrel {Length 9 inches {Weight 1 lb. 6 oz. {Diameter of bore ·733 in. Arm complete {Weight 3 lb. 4 oz. {Length 1 ft. 3½ in. Charge of Powder for Ball cartridges, 2½ drams. Ball, Lead, the same as for the Line-pattern Musket.

BLANK CARTRIDGES.

The charge of powder for Blank cartridges, for all the above-mentioned Small arms, is the same; viz., 3½ drams.

The cartridges are made with _blue_ paper.

MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES.

The following articles are required for the manufacture of Cartridges:

_Five tin measures_, containing two and a half drams.

_Five tin funnels. A large knife._

_An iron straight edge_ for cutting the paper.

_Five cylindrical mandrels_ of hard wood, to roll the cartridge.

_A former_, to make the hollow in the inner case, to receive the point of the bullet.

_A set of tin patterns_ for shaping the paper.

_Cartridge paper and fine white paper._

_Bullets_ and _gunpowder_.

_To construct the Cartridge._—Cut the paper according to the patterns, place the rectangle (fig. 9) on the little trapezium (fig. 10), the sides A B C of the rectangle coinciding with the sides A B C of the trapezium, lay the mandrel on the rectangle, parallel to the side B C, the base of the mandrel even with the side C D of the rectangle; roll the whole tightly on the mandrel; place it vertically, and fold the remainder of the trapezium paper into the hollow in the base of the mandrel; commencing with the acute angle of the trapezium, make use of the point of the former to close the folds; examine the bottom of the inner case thus formed, to see that there remains no hole for the escape of the powder when charged; introduce the point of the bullet into the aperture at the base of the mandrel; take the trapezium envelope (fig. 11), place the mandrel and bullet parallel to the side F G, the base of the bullet at half an inch from the base F H, of the envelope; press up the point of the bullet into the cavity; roll the envelope tightly on the bullet and on the mandrel; fold the remainder of the envelope on the base of the bullet, commencing with the acute angle; place the base of the cartridge on the table; withdraw the mandrel, squeezing the case of the cartridge with the left hand, and raising up the mandrel with the right hand.

_To charge the cartridge_, introduce the point of the copper funnel into the bottom of the case of the cartridge; pour in 2½ drams of fine grain powder from the powder-flask; withdraw the funnel, taking care that none of the powder escapes between the case and the envelope; squeeze the top of the cartridge, and twist it round.

[Illustration: Fig. 9. Fig. 10.

1½ inch. 4 inches. Rectangle.

2⅛ inches. 4 inches. 5 inches. Little Trapezium.]

[Illustration: Fig. 11.

5½ inches. 4½ inches. 3¼ inches. Trapezium Envelope.]

_When completed_, the base of the cartridge must be dipped up to the shoulder of the bullet in a pot of grease, consisting of six parts tallow to one of bees-wax.

SMALL ARM AMMUNITION.

_Dimensions of Boxes._

Length, 1 ft. 4 in. Depth, 8⅝ in. Breadth, 7¼ in. including the cleat.

_Weight of Boxes._

Empty, 7 lb. 6 oz.

_Contents and Weight of Barrels and Boxes._

---------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------- | _Barrel._ | _Box._ +--------+------+-------+--------+-----+------- | No. | No. |Weight | No. | No. |Weight |of Car- | of |filled.|of Car- | of |filled. |tridges.|Caps. | |tridges.|Caps.| +--------+------+-------+--------+-----+------- | | |lb. oz.| | |lb. oz. Rifle Musket, Pattern 1842 | 500 | 625 | 79 0 | .. | .. | .. Rifle Musket, ” 1851 | 700 | 875 | 66 4 | 500 | 625 | 65 4 Rifle Musket, ” 1853 | 700 | 875 | 73 8 | 560 | 700 | 60 6 Artillery Carbine | 800 | 1000 | 81 8 | 660 | 825 | 63 0 Victoria Carbine | 700 | 875 | 69 0 | 600 | 750 | 60 8 ---------------------------+--------+------+-------+--------+-----+-------

INSTRUCTIONS FOR BROWNING GUN BARRELS.

The following ingredients, viz.:—

1½ oz. of Spirits of wine, 1½ oz. Tincture of steel, ½ oz. of Corrosive sublimate, 1½ oz. of Sweet spirit of Nitre, 1 oz. of Blue vitriol, ¾ oz. of Nitric acid.

are to be mixed and dissolved in one quart of soft water.

Previous to commencing the operation of browning, it is necessary that the barrel should be made quite bright with emery or a fine smooth file (but not burnished), after which it must be carefully cleaned from all greasiness; a small quantity of pounded lime rubbed well over every part of the barrel is best for this purpose: a plug of wood is then to be put into the nose of the barrel, and the mixture applied to every part with a clean sponge or rag. The barrel is then to be exposed to the air for twenty-four hours; after which it is to be well rubbed over with a _Steel scratch-card or Scratch-brush_, until the rust is entirely removed; the mixture may then be applied again, as before, and in a few hours the barrel will be sufficiently corroded for the operation of scratch-brushing to be repeated. The same process of scratching off the rust and applying the mixture is to be repeated twice or three times a day for four or five days, by which the barrel will be made of a very dark-brown colour.

When the barrel is sufficiently brown, and the rust has been carefully removed from every part, about a quart of boiling water should be poured over every part of the barrel, in order that the action of the acid mixture upon the barrel may be destroyed, and the rust thereby prevented from rising again. The barrel, when cold, should afterwards be rubbed over with linseed oil, or common oil. It is particularly directed that the use of the hard hair-brush be discontinued in browning, and the steel scratch-card or scratch-brush used in place of it, otherwise the browning will not be durable, nor have a good appearance. The browning mixture must be kept in glass bottles, as it will soon lose its virtue if kept in earthenware.

The locks are on no account to be made of the hardening colour, as the repetition of the operation of hardening has a very injurious tendency.

PERCUSSION FIRELOCKS.

Muskets with Percussion locks require to be carefully handled, to prevent the cocks being made loose, by which their direct fall on the nipples would be rendered uncertain.

They will, at all times, when unloaded, be used with the cocks down upon the nipples; but, when they are loaded, the caps, or primers, will be put on, and the muskets carried _at half-cock_ for safety, there being then less risk of accidental explosion than with the cocks resting on the caps.

When marching with the cap on, the cock will be brought up under the arm-pit, the sling resting on the arm; but at other times the firelock may be carried with the barrel downwards, the right hand grasping the piece between the loop and swell; and the left the right arm just below the elbow.

INFANTRY EXERCISE, AND MOVEMENTS, Extracted from “FIELD EXERCISES AND EVOLUTIONS OF THE ARMY,” _the Parts and Sections being numbered according thereto._[3]

PACES.

_Slow time_, each step, 30 inches, and 75 paces in a minute.

_Quick time_, each step, 30 inches, and 108 paces in a minute.

_Double time_, each step, 36 inches, and 150 paces in a minute.

_Back step_, each 30 inches. _Side_ or _Closing step_, 10 inches.

_To calculate the number of Paces (each 30 inches) required for a given number of Files._

As a soldier occupies 21 inches, take two-thirds of the number of Files in the division, and add an inch for each File.

_Table of the number of Paces corresponding to a given number of Files._

------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+----+----+----+---- Number of Files | | | | | | | | in a Division, | | | | | | | | each occupying | 5 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 21 inches. | | | | | | | | ------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+----+----+----+---- Front of Divisions| | | | | | | | in Paces | P. I. | P. I. | P. I. | P. I. | P. | P. | P. | P. of 30 inches. | 3 15 | 10 15 | 11 6 | 12 18 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35 ------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+----+----+----+----

FLINT FIRELOCKS.

MANUAL EXERCISE.

1. Secure arms. 2. Shoulder arms. 3. Order arms. 4. Fix bayonets. 5. Shoulder arms. 6. Present arms. 7. Shoulder arms. 8. Port arms. 9. Charge bayonets. 10. Shoulder arms. 11. Advance arms. 12. Order arms. 13. Advance arms. 14. Shoulder arms. 15. Support arms. 16. Stand at ease. 17. Attention. 18. Carry arms. 19. Slope arms. 20. Stand at ease. 21. Attention. 22. Carry arms. 23. Order arms. 24. Unfix bayonets. 25. Stand at ease.

PLATOON EXERCISE.

_As front rank standing._ or, _As rear rank standing._ — _As front rank kneeling._ — _As rear rank kneeling._ 1. Prime, and Load. 2. Handle cartridge. 3. Prime. 4. ’Bout. 5. Draw ramrods. 6. Ram down cartridge. 7. Return ramrods. 8. _As front rank_, Ready. 9. Present. 10. Load. 11. Shoulder arms. _As rear rank_, Ready, &c.

AS A COMPANY.

Prime and Load. _Company_ Ready. Present. _At the word_ “Cease firing,” _the Company, if made ready, receives the words_, Half-cock arms. Shoulder arms. _Or the word will be given to_ “Fire a volley; and half-cock,” (_at priming position_,) Shoulder arms. Shut pans.

INSPECTION OF A COMPANY.

1. Attention. 2. Fix bayonets. 3. Shoulder arms. 4. Rear rank take open order—March. 5. Open pans. 6. Slope arms. 7. Carry arms. 8. Shut pans. 9. Order arms. 10. Examine arms. 11. Return ramrods. 12. Unfix bayonets. 13. Rear rank take close order—March. 14. Stand at ease.

DISMISSAL OF A COMPANY.

Attention. Shoulder arms. Recover arms. Ease springs. Right face. Lodge arms.

PERCUSSION FIRELOCKS.

MANUAL EXERCISE.

_Words of Command_ similar to those for Muskets with Flint locks.

THE PLATOON EXERCISE, AND DIFFERENT FIRINGS FOR THE ORDINARY OR RIFLE MUSKET.

_To load from the shoulder, standing_ Prepare to load. ” _from the Advance, standing_ Prepare to load. ” _from the Order, standing_ Prepare to load. Load. Rod. Home. Return. Cap. _As Front, or Rear rank_ —Yards, Ready, Present. Load, _&c._, _as above_. _To shoulder, when at the Capping position_ Shoulder arms. _To advance arms, from the Capping position_ Advance arms. _To make ready from the shoulder_ —Yards—Ready. ” _from the Advance_ —Yards—Ready. _To fire kneeling_ As front rank kneeling. —Yards—Ready. Present. Load, _&c._, _as above_. Cap. Shoulder arms. Advance arms. _To load from the shoulder_, As front rank, kneeling. _as Front Rank, kneeling_ Prepare to load. _To load from the Advance_, As front rank, kneeling. _as Front Rank, kneeling_ Prepare to load. Shoulder, _or_ } _as before_ Advance arms, } _directed._ As rear rank, kneeling, Yards—Ready. Present. Load, _&c._, _as above_. Cap. Shoulder, _or_ } _as before_ Advance arms, } _directed._ _To load from the shoulder_, As rear rank, kneeling, _as Rear Rank, kneeling_ Prepare to load. _To load from the Advance._ As rear rank, kneeling, _as Rear Rank, kneeling_ Prepare to load. _As a Company, Load_ Company, at yards, Ready. Present. Half-cock arms. Shoulder arms.

_Firing as a wing, or as a Battalion, is performed precisely as laid down for a Company._

_A Company, Wing, or a Battalion can load, or make ready from the Order with the same ease, as from the shoulder._

_Trailing arms_ Trail arms. Change arms. _To resist Cavalry_ Prepare to resist Cavalry. Ready, &c.

FUSIL EXERCISE.

1. Secure arms. 2. Shoulder arms. 3. Order arms. 4. Fix bayonets. 5. Shoulder arms. 6. Port arms. 7. Charge bayonets. 8. Shoulder arms. 9. Support arms. 10. Stand at ease. 11. Attention. 12. Carry arms. 13. Slope arms. 14. Stand at ease. 15. Attention. 16. Carry arms. 17. Trail arms. 18. Shoulder arms. 19. Order arms. 20. Unfix bayonets. 21. Stand at ease. 22. Attention.

THE MANUAL AND PLATOON EXERCISES OF RIFLEMEN.

THE MANUAL EXERCISE.

Present arms. Shoulder arms. Order arms. Shoulder arms. Support arms. Carry arms. Trail arms. Shoulder arms.

_From the Order, to Trail arms._

Trail arms.

_From the Trail, to Order arms._

Order arms. Fix swords. Shoulder arms. Charge bayonets. Shoulder arms. Order arms. Unfix swords. Stand at ease.

THE PLATOON EXERCISE.

Prepare to load. Load. Rod. Home. Return. Cap. Shoulder. Make ready. Present.

_After firing, the rifle to be brought immediately to the position of—_

Prepare to load.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR AIMING WITH THE RIFLE MUSKET.

_Firing at a Human figure._ _Firing at the Target._

_At 100 yards._—Aim at the waist. Aim with the sight down, straight at the bull’s-eye.

_At 150 yards._—Raise the sliding-bar, Raise the sliding-bar, raise the raise the sight, and aim sight, aim with the 200 yards’ with the 200 yards’ point at the point at the bottom of the thigh. black ring.

_At 200 yards._—Aim at the waist Aim at the bull’s-eye with the with the 200 yards’ point. 200 yards’ point.

_At 250 yards._—Press down the Press down the sliding-bar, aim sliding-bar, aim with the 300 with the 300 yards’ point six yards’ point at the knees. inches below the black ring.

_At 300 yards._—Aim with the 300 Aim with the 300 yards’ point at yards’ point at the waist. the bull’s-eye.

_At 350 yards._—Raise the sliding-bar Raise the sliding-bar to half at half distance between the distance between the 300 and 300 and 400 yards’ point, and 400 yards’ point, and aim at aim at the waist. the bull’s-eye.

_From 400 yards to 800 yards._—Make use of the sliding-bar, by raising it to the respective distances, as marked on the back sight.

WORDS OF COMMAND FOR FUNERAL PARTIES.

_Ranks open—Arms shouldered—Bayonets unfixed, facing the quarters of the Deceased._

_When the Corpse is brought out:_ | Present arms—Reverse arms—Rear rank take close | order—March.

_Divisions, Sub-divisions, or Sections are wheeled forwards (or backwards) to form Column left in front._ | Rear rank take open order—March.

_When arrived at the Burial-ground:_ | Halt—Ranks, left and right wheel—Quick | march—Halt—Inwards face—Rest upon your | arms reversed—Stand at ease.

_When the Corpse has passed through:_ | Attention—Reverse arms—Re-form Column—Ranks, | right and left wheel—Quick march—Halt, | front—March.

_When facing the grave:_ | Rest upon your arms reversed—Stand | at ease.

_After funeral service:_ | Attention—Present arms—Shoulder arms—Load | with blank cartridge—Fire three volleys | in the air—Order arms—Fix bayonets—Shoulder | arms—Rear rank take close order—March.

_March back to barracks, right in front._

COMPANY DRILL.

_Part 2.—Section 1.—Formation of the Company._

The Company is ordered to “FALL IN” at close order; is then sized from flanks to centre; and told off in Sub-divisions, and four sections. In Column of Sections, the Senior officer takes the Leading, the second senior the Third, the third Senior the Fourth, and the junior the Second section. The Company is also told off by “Threes from the right,” numbered 1, 2, 3. Should there be a blank file in telling off the company in line, it will invariably be the fourth file from the left. The Company is also told off from the right by alternate files, right, and left.

In Close order the Rear rank is one pace, in Open order two paces, and for inspection three paces, from the front rank.

_S. 2. Marching to the Front._

_S. 3. The Side, or Closing step._

TO THE RIGHT (OR LEFT) CLOSE—QUICK | MARCH—HALT. |

_S. 4. The Back step._

STEP BACK—MARCH. |

_S. 5. To form four deep._*

FORM FOUR DEEP—MARCH. | * _In telling off the files, should the_ REAR FORM FOUR DEEP—MARCH. | _last file be a right file, the left_ RIGHT FORM FOUR DEEP—MARCH. | _file on its right will double in the_ LEFT FORM FOUR DEEP—MARCH. | _rear of it, completing it to four deep,_ | _and leaving the other Section only_ | _two deep_

_To re-form two deep, from each of these formations._

FRONT. (OR HALT—FRONT.†) | † _If the Company is in movement._

_S. 6. File marching._

TO THE LEFT FACE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Front.

_From the Halt._

_On the March._

ADVANCE IN DOUBLE FILES FROM THE | Sub-divisions, inwards turn—Right CENTRE. | and left wheel.

_S. 7. Wheeling from a Halt._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) WHEEL—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress.

_S. 8. Wheeling forward by Sub-divisions, from Line._

BY SUB-DIVISIONS RIGHT WHEEL—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress.

_S. 9. Wheeling backward by Sub-divisions, from Line._

BY SUB-DIVISIONS ON THE LEFT BACKWARD | Halt, Dress. WHEEL—QUICK MARCH. |

_S. 10. Marching on an Alignement, in Open column of Sub-divisions._

MARCH—(OR, QUICK MARCH).

_S. 11. Wheeling into Line, from Open column of Sub-divisions._

1. HALT—LEFT WHEEL INTO LINE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress, Eyes front.

_2. On the Moveable pivot._

SHOULDERS FORWARD—FORWARD (OR, HALT, DRESS.) |

_S. 12. In Open column of Sub-divisions entering into a new direction on a moveable pivot._

| Right (or left) | shoulders forward—Forward.

_S. 13. Counter-marching._

_Counter-march by files._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) FACE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Front, Dress.

_Counter-march by ranks._

RIGHT AND LEFT FACE—RIGHT | Halt, Front, Dress. COUNTERMARCH—QUICK MARCH. |

_S. 14. Wheeling on the centre of the Company._

COMPANY { RIGHT } | ON THE { LEFT } WHEEL | CENTRE—MARCH. { RIGHT ABOUT } | { LEFT ABOUT } | Halt, Dress.

_S. 15. Diagonal march._

_The pivots, or outward Files, march in the direct line to which they have faced, the others conforming to them._

_S. 16. Increasing the Front of an Open column halted Right in front._

FORM COMPANY. | Left Sub-division, Left half face—Quick march—Halt, |Front, Dress up.

_Diminishing the front of an Open column, halted._

FORM SUB-DIVISIONS. | Left Sub-division—Right about three-quarters | face—Quick march. | _2nd Senior._ Halt, Front, Dress.

_S. 17. Increasing the front of an Open column, on the march._

FORM COMPANY. | Left Sub-division, Left half turn, Double—Front | turn, Quick.

_Diminishing the front of an Open column, on the march._

FORM SUB-DIVISIONS. | Left Sub-division, Mark time—Right half turn— | _2nd Senior_, Front turn.

When the above movements, 16 and 17, are performed Left in front, the Words RIGHT will be altered to LEFT, and LEFT to RIGHT. The same directions apply to sections.

_S. 18. In Open column of Sub-divisions to pass a short defile, by breaking off files._

BREAK OFF —— FILES. | —— Files on the left, Right turn—Left wheel.

_After passing the defile._—Files to the front.

_S. 19. The Company in line halted, or on the march, moves to a flank in Column of sections, or Sections of threes._

SECTIONS (OR THREES) RIGHT (OR LEFT) SHOULDERS | FORWARD (_if halted_, QUICK MARCH—FORWARD.) |

_When Pivots are required to be accurately dressed, or when the alignement of the Company is to be preserved._

SECTIONS (OR THREES) ON THE RIGHT (OR LEFT) | BACKWARDS WHEEL—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress.

_To re-form Company on the march._

SECTIONS (OR THREES) RIGHT (OR LEFT) SHOULDERS | * If the march is to FORWARD— | be continued. *FORWARD—(OR HALT, DRESS.) |

_For accurate dressing, or when the alignement is to be preserved._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) WHEEL INTO LINE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress.

_S. 20. Forming Company, Sub-divisions, Sections, or Sections of threes, from file marching._

FRONT FORM COMPANY (SUB-DIVISIONS, OR | * If the march is to SECTIONS)—*FORWARD. | be continued.

_Marching in file from the right, to form the Company to the Left flank._

HALT—FRONT.

_Marching in file from the right, to form the Company to the Right flank._

ON THE LEADING FILE TO THE RIGHT FORM COMPANY. |

_To form to the Right about._

ON THE LEADING FILE TO THE RIGHT ABOUT FORM | COMPANY. |

_S. 21. To form to either flank, from Open column of Sub-divisions._

_To the Left flank._

HALT—LEFT WHEEL INTO LINE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress, Eyes front.

_To form the Company to its Right flank._

_S. 22. Company moving to the front, to gain ground to a flank, by march in echellon, by sections._

SECTIONS RIGHT—FORWARD. |

_To form Company—_

FORM COMPANY—FORWARD. |

_S. 23. To form the Rallying square._

FORM THE RALLYING SQUARE. _When the Square is to march_—THE | SQUARE WILL MOVE TO THE FRONT, (REAR, | * _If ordered to fire, the_ RIGHT, OR LEFT,) INWARDS FACE—QUICK | _Standing ranks only will_ MARCH—HALT—PREPARE TO RESIST | _commence an independent fire. CAVALRY—READY.* | REDUCE THE SQUARE—QUICK MARCH. |

MODE TO BE OBSERVED IN DISMISSING A COMPANY OFF PARADE.

Recover arms. Right face. Lodge arms.

_In turning in a Guard, or Piquet, the same mode is to be observed._

MANNER OF INSPECTING A COMPANY ON PARADE.

Attention. Fix bayonets. Shoulder arms. Rear rank take open order—March. Slope arms.

_The inspection of Arms will now take place_

Carry arms. Order arms. Examine arms. Return ramrods.

_An inspection of the Appointments, Clothing, &c., is now to be made._

Unfix bayonets. Rear rank take close order—March. Stand at ease.

MOVEMENTS OF A BATTALION.

_Part 3.—Section 1. Commands._

All words of command must be given short, quick, and loud.

_S. 2. Degrees of march._

_The Slow step_ is particularly applicable to purposes of parade, and occasionally to the march of extended lines.

_The Quick march_ is the usual pace to be applied to all general movements of Battalions, or greater bodies, in Column, or Line.

_The Double march_ is only to be applied to the movements of the Divisions of a battalion, except upon peculiar occasions for short distances.

_S. 3. Marching in line._

The March in line is generally adopted where the country is open.

_S. 4. Wheeling._

Wheels are made on a _Halted pivot_ from Line into Column, and from Column into Line. The principle of the _Moveable pivot_ must always be applied to the wheel of divisions marching in column. Wheels of divisions may be either made forward, or backward. In progressive movements they are to be made _Forward_, but particular occasions require that they should be made _Backward_ on the pivot flank. _The Backwards_ wheel need not, however, be practised where the ground is uneven, and the Divisions stronger than 15 or 16 files: where this is the case, the Command will be

FORM OPEN COLUMN, RIGHT (OR LEFT) IN | FRONT—RIGHT ABOUT FACE—RIGHT (OR | LEFT) WHEEL—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Front.

_S. 5. Movements._

Every movement must be divided into its distinct parts, and each part executed by its cautionary and executive words of command. All field movements and firings are to be performed with fixed bayonets, except when troops are acting as Light infantry.

_S. 6. The Alignement._

To march in an Alignement is to make troops march in any straight line, which joins two given points—or to form upon any such given line. When troops are to form in a straight line, two necessary points in it must always be previously ascertained. One, the point of _Appui_ at which one flank of the Body is to be placed, and the other the distant point of formation or dressing, on which the front of the body is directed.

_S. 7. Points of formation._

The line on which troops move, or are successively to form, may be taken up to any extent by the prolongation of an original short base, given in the direction which the Commander of a line will point out.

_S. 8. Dressing._

The Officer in dressing is placed on that flank of his division to which the men’s eyes are turned on the word “DRESS,” and from the second file from the flank of the Company towards which his wheeling flank moves from column, or his inward flank from echellon: he makes his corrections on his intermediate point. In all wheelings into line the word “EYES FRONT” will be given as soon as the dressing is completed. When Officers change from one flank to the other in order to close, they will pass by the front, and repass by the rear of their Companies. On all other occasions, when it is necessary to change their flanks in line, they will pass and repass by the rear.

_S. 9. Open column._

All changes of position, by means of the Open column, will be effected by the formation of a column, right or left, in front, on the named division. If on a flank division, the caution will specify whether the other flank is to be thrown back, or forward: if on a central division, the caution will in like manner specify which wing is to be thrown forward. An open column may effect a change of position upon its front, rear, or any central division by the named division wheeling up according to the front to which it is intended to change; and the other divisions facing, and filing into the new alignement.

_S. 10. Column at Quarter distance, and Close column._

When Close columns are formed, the Companies or Divisions must be at one pace distance. In the wheel of a Column at quarter or close distance, the leading division acts as a moving base for the rear Companies to follow; its length of step is regulated according to the depth of the column, and when at quarter distance must be very short to enable the rear to circle simultaneously round at the usual pace. Upon the wheel being ordered, all the rear divisions make a half face to the wheeling flank; but at a quarter distance, the leading division will advance six paces on the word “QUICK (OR DOUBLE) MARCH,” and will wheel round the pivot file at a shortened pace, while each succeeding division will advance, in circling round, to quarter distance, which will leave room for the rear divisions to circle into their relative positions at that distance. In wheeling on the Moveable pivot, the rear divisions make a half turn towards the shoulder brought forward, and the front division wheels and advances at a shortened pace in the new direction, the rear divisions circling round. In Close column, the supernumeraries will form on the reverse flanks of companies; and when the column marches to a flank, they will move with their companies; when the Close column is to countermarch they will remain on the reverse flank, and countermarch on their own ground. When a Column deploys on a rear division, the named division when uncovered will move up to the front (which its covering Serjeant will mark); the points, therefore, necessary for the formation of the Battalion will be taken in prolongation of these points, and the Divisions which successively move up must _Halt_, _Front_, until their front is clear.

_S. 11. Echellon._

The Echellon position and movements are applicable to the oblique or direct changes of situation, which a Battalion may be obliged to make to the front or rear, or on a particular fixed division of the line. The oblique changes are produced by the wheel (less than the quarter circle) of divisions, which places them in the echellon situation. The direct changes are produced by the perpendicular and successive march of divisions from line to front or rear. In Echellon, the inner flank, (or that which first joins its preceding division when the line is to be formed forward,) is the directing one; and in Oblique echellon the wheels are made on it, into echellon—forward, and into line—backward.

_Practical rule for the Battalion and Line on all occasions of Wheeling by Companies into echellon._

“Each covering Serjeant having previously placed himself before or behind a given file (the 8th) from the standing flank, will take the named number of paces from the centre of that file on the arc of the circle, and thereby become a direction for the Company to wheel up to, and halt.”

As eight paces from the eighth file complete the Quarter circle, so four paces give the One-eighth, and two paces the One-sixteenth of the circle. All changes of front by the Echellon march are performed by the forming divisions wheeling half the angle wheeled by the division to be formed upon. In all changes of position by echellon, whether direct or oblique, the leaders of companies will invariably be on that flank towards which the change of position is to be made. But in taking ground to a flank on the march, in echellon of Sub-divisions or Sections, Companies’ leaders remain in their places as when in line.

_S. 12. Squares._

Squares are formed either from Line, or from Column at full, half, or quarter distance. _The Hollow square_, four deep, is sufficiently solid to oppose an attack of Cavalry: it possesses, at the same time the advantage of rendering the fire of all the men available to the resistance of the enemy. _The Solid square_ should seldom be adopted, because a proportion of the men cannot give their fire. Close columns should in all cases when practicable, open therefore to quarter distance, and form Square (as in Sec. 21, No. 1, Part III.). But as every position in which a Battalion may be placed should be susceptible of ready resistance against Cavalry, the Close column can always assume an efficient posture of defence, by the six centre Companies wheeling outwards by Threes, and closing to the front, and the two rear Companies facing to the right about: the Officers and Serjeants taking post in the centre. The wing of a battalion can in like manner form the solid square from a Close column of Sub-divisions. When Cavalry is not to be resisted, it will be sufficient to form the Square two deep to the rear. The formation of Battalion squares, either from Line or Column, is to be completed as expeditiously as possible; and the Squares may afterwards be placed in direct echellon for mutual defence.

_S. 13. Firings._

In all movements, Firing should commence after a formation. In firing by Companies, the Leaders will give the Word “_Ready_” when the previous division fires, preserving the pause of slow time between this and “_Present_,” the men firing when they have covered their objects. In firing by wings, one wing will receive the word “_Ready_,” the instant the other has completed its loading. Great care must be taken in file firing that it is not hurried, and that the men “_Present_” deliberately. The value of a soldier’s ammunition, and a jealousy of its expenditure without effect, must be carefully inculcated; for in proportion as a cool and well-directed fire serves to distract and throw an enemy into disorder, so is a wild, confused, and hurried fire (which is always without effect) calculated to give him confidence, and a contempt for his opponent. Soldiers should, therefore, bear in mind that nothing makes so strong an impression on an enemy, as the thinning of his ranks by a well-directed fire; and that nothing tends more to animate and encourage troops than the diminished fire from ranks so thinned; affording also the most favourable opportunity for a successful charge. In firing in square, the two front ranks are to come to the kneeling position without cocking, on preparing to receive cavalry. The standing ranks in square will fire independently from the right of faces.

_Street firing._

A Column at open, half, or quarter distance, formed in a street or narrow ground where deployment is impracticable, may be required to fire previous to charging forward, or by successive divisions in retiring. It will be performed in the following manner:—

_If advancing_, the two front Companies only will fire in succession; the leading Company firing and loading kneeling, the second Company closing to the front, and firing standing. When the enemy’s fire has been overcome, or at any favourable moment that may present itself, the column will charge briskly forward, and make good the ground it is contending for.

_In retiring_, the leading division will give its fire; Slope arms; Face outwards by sub-divisions; File to the rear; Re-form Company; Load; and remain halted, until its front is again clear, or the whole column is put in motion. The moment the front of the second company is clear, it will give its fire; Face outwards by sub-divisions; and file to the rear as above directed: and so on by companies in succession: the companies thus follow each other, and when the front of the column occupies the whole breadth of the street, the outward files of companies will double in the rear, to give the companies which have fired room to pass. It must never be forgotten, in entering towns or villages occupied by the enemy, that the first thing to be done, on gaining a footing in the place, is to clear the houses on both flanks, and the column should on no account proceed through the streets without previously occupying the houses on either side; the troops employed for that purpose breaking through partition walls, or pushing on from house to house, so as to accompany the march of the main body, and protect its flanks.

FORMATION OF THE BATTALION.

When the Battalion is formed, there is to be no interval between any of the Companies, and every part of the front of the Battalion should be equally strong. The Grenadiers will be on the right, Light company on the left, the other companies from right to left. The Battalion will be told off into Right, and Left wings.

FORMATION OF THE BATTALION, AT CLOSE ORDER.

The Commanding officer is advanced in front for the general purpose of exercise when the Battalion is single; but in the March in line, and in the firings, he is in the rear of the Colours. The Lieutenant-colonel is behind the colours, twelve paces from the supernumerary rank. The 1st Major is six paces in the rear of the second Battalion company from the right flank; 2nd Major at the same distance in the rear of the second Battalion company from the left; the Adjutant at the same distance in rear of the colours. One Officer is on the right of the front rank of each company, and One on the left of the Battalion; all these are covered in the rear rank by their respective Serjeants; and the remaining Officers and Serjeants are in a third rank behind their companies. The colours are placed (both in the front rank) between the two Centre companies. The supernumerary rank is at three paces distance when in Line; and when in Column, it is at the distance of one pace.

_When the Battalion takes Open order._

_When the Battalion resumes Close order._

REAR RANK TAKE CLOSE | ORDER—MARCH. |

EVOLUTIONS OF THE BATTALION.

MOVEMENTS OF THE BATTALION FROM LINE.

_S. 14. 1. The Battalion halted, and correctly dressed, is to advance in Line._

_2. When the Battalion is to retire._

THE BATTALION WILL | RETIRE—RIGHT ABOUT | FACE—QUICK MARCH. |

_3. While advancing in Line, the Battalion may form to either flank by the Divisions wheeling to the Bight (or Left) on the Moveable pivot, and forming on the flank Company (which will be halted in the direction of the new front) by the Echellon march of divisions._

_S. 15. When a Battalion advancing in Line is to charge._

PREPARE TO CHARGE—CHARGE—HALT.

_S. 16. When a Battalion moving in Line passes a wood, &c., to Front or Rear, by the flank march of Companies in file._

1. _If to pass to the Front._

FROM THE RIGHT (OR LEFT) OF COMPANIES | PASS BY FILES TO THE FRONT. | COMPANIES, RIGHT (OR LEFT) | TURN—RIGHT (OR LEFT) WHEEL. |

2. _If to pass to the Rear._*

3. _If a Battalion in first Line passes through a second, which advances and relieves it._

4. _When the second Line does not advance to relieve the first._

PASS BY FILES TO THE REAR—LEFT | _THE FIRST LINE RETIRES, TURN—RIGHT WHEEL. | and when within twelve | paces passes through the | second._

S. 17. _When the Battalion advances, or retires, by half Battalion, and fires._

1. _If the Battalion is in march, and advancing._

2. _If the Battalion is in march, and retiring._

_S. 18. A Battalion in Line to move to attack, or pass a bridge, &c., to the front, from either flank, or from the centre._

1. _If from a Flank, by Companies, or Sub-divisions._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) DIVISION TO THE | _Rear Divisions_ FRONT.—REMAINING DIVISIONS, RIGHT | _successively_—Right (OR LEFT) SHOULDERS FORWARD—QUICK | (or left) MARCH—FORWARD. | shoulders forward—Forward.

2. _When the Column arrives near the point where the Line is to re-form._

3. _If the advance is from the Centre._

4. _When the Double column arrives near the point where the Line is to be formed._

5. _To form Line to the right, from the Double column._

FORM LINE TO THE | _Right wing Sub-divisions_—Halt, Dress. RIGHT—RIGHT WING | _Left wing Sub-divisions successively_—Left LEFT SHOULDERS FORWARD. | shoulders forward—Forward—Halt, Dress | up—Eyes front.

_S. 19. A Battalion in Line to retire over a bridge, or defile, or retreat from a Flank or Flanks, in rear of the Centre._

1. _If from a flank._

RETIRE BY COMPANIES | _Left (or Right) Company_—Company (OR SUB-DIVISIONS) | (or Sub-division)—Right about face—Quick FROM THE LEFT (OR | march—Right (or Left) shoulders RIGHT) IN REAR OF | forward—Forward. _When at inward_ THE RIGHT (OR LEFT). | _flank of right (or left) Division_—Right (or | left) shoulders forward—Forward. | _The other Divisions follow in succession._

2. _If the Retreat is from both flanks._

_S. 20. A Battalion in Line to march off in Column of divisions, successively to a flank._

1. _If the Movement is along the rear, and from the right flank._

2. _When the Movement is from the left flank._

| _Left Division (or Section)_—Right face—Right | wheel—Quick march—Front turn.

_In both movements the Divisions follow in succession the leading division._

_S. 21. When the Battalion, halted in Line, is to form Square on a named Company, or on two centre Sub-divisions._

_1. If on a Central company._

COLUMN AT QUARTER DISTANCE | _When the Companies reach their places_ ON THE RIGHT (OR LEFT) | _in Column, they receive successively_ CENTRE COMPANY—THREES, | Threes right (or left) shoulders RIGHT AND LEFT SHOULDERS | forward—Halt, Dress. FORWARD—DOUBLE MARCH, | FORM SQUARE—QUICK MARCH. | _The two rear Companies close up, and_ _When the Second Company_ | _form the rear face of the Square,_ _has closed upon the front_ | _receiving_ Halt—Right about face. _Company, which stands_ | _The remaining Companies wheel outwards_ _fast—_ | _by Sections, the rear Sections closing_ SECTIONS OUTWARDS. | _to the front, after the wheel._

_2. If on a Flank Company, and to a flank._

SQUARE ON THE RIGHT (OR | _Leading Company_—Halt. LEFT) COMPANY—COMPANIES | _Second Company closes on it_—Halt. RIGHT (OR LEFT) | _Remainder (except the two last_ SHOULDERS FORWARD—DOUBLE | _Companies), as they successively arrive MARCH—FORWARD. | at Quarter distance_—Sections outwards. | _Two last Companies when closed up_ | —Halt—Right about face.

_3. When the Square is to resist Cavalry._

PREPARE FOR CAVALRY | _The Kneeling ranks do not cock until_ —READY. | _ required to fire._ *KNEELING RANKS—READY— | _The Standing ranks fire by Files._ PRESENT—LOAD. | * _The Kneeling ranks, when required to_ PREPARE FOR CAVALRY | _fire a volley._ (OR SHOULDER ARMS). |

_4. To reduce the Square._

RE-FORM COLUMN. | _Rear sections of side Faces step back to_ | _wheeling distance, pivot men facing to their_ QUICK MARCH. | _proper front, and at_ QUICK MARCH _wheel_ | _backwards_—Halt, Dress. _Front Company_ | _advances to quarter distance_—Halt, Dress. | _Two rear Companies retire_—Halt, Front, Dress.

_5. If the Square is to be formed on the two centre Sub-divisions._

ON THE TWO CENTRE | _The outer Sub-divisions of the two centre_ SUB-DIVISIONS FORM | _Companies face inwards, and leading files_ SQUARE. | _disengage; the two flank Companies face_ | _inwards, and the remaining Companies of_ | _the Battalion face to the right about._ RIGHT AND LEFT | _No. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 Companies, Sections_ SHOULDERS FORWARD. | _successively_, Halt, Front. _The two centre_ | _Sub-divisions close by the side step, upon_ | _the interval left by the Colours. The_ QUICK MARCH. | _Sub-divisions of the two flank Companies are_ | _conducted to form the rear Face, the right_ | _Sub-division of the Grenadiers covering its_ | _left Sub-division, and the left Sub-division_ | _of the Light Company covering its right_ | _Sub-division, each receiving_ Halt, Right | (or Left) face.

_6. To reduce the Square and form Line._

_7. But should it have been previously necessary to move the Square._

FORM DOUBLE COLUMN | _The rear Sub-divisions of the side faces_ OF SUB-DIVISIONS— | _fall back to Section distance, and the Pivot_ QUICK MARCH. | _men face to their proper front, and at_ | QUICK MARCH_, the Sections which formed_ | _the side faces wheel backwards; and the_ | _two Sub-divisions of the front face, and_ | _four Sub-divisions of the rear face, advance_ | _to quarter distance. The Sub-divisions of_ | _front face receive—_Halt. _Sub-divisions of_ | _the rear face receive—_Halt—Front.

_8. When the Line is retiring, the Square may be formed at once without halting._

_S. 22. When the Battalion forms a Square, or Oblong two deep, to protect baggage, &c., against Infantry._

1. FORM SQUARE, TWO | _The two centre Companies stand fast,_ DEEP, ON THE TWO | _remaining Companies face to the right_ CENTRE COMPANIES. | _about, and at_ QUICK MARCH _the two_ | _centre Companies (4 and 5) close inwards:_ REMAINING COMPANIES, | _the remainder right, and left shoulders_ RIGHT AND LEFT | _forward, and move into Square. Nos. 1,_ SHOULDERS FORWARD— | _2, and 3, form the right face, 6, 7, and 8_ QUICK MARCH. | _the left face, the Grenadier, and Light_ | _Infantry the rear face of the Square,_ | _respectively receiving_ Halt, Front, Dress.

_2. When the Square or Oblong is to march by any one face._

_3. To reduce the Square._

FORM LINE—RIGHT | _The two centre Companies open out by_ AND LEFT SHOULDERS | _the side step, to leave room for the Colours._ FORWARD—QUICK | _Remaining Companies_, Right (or left) MARCH. | shoulders forward—Forward—Halt, Dress up.

_S. 23. A Battalion halted in Line, to change front to the rear upon the centre._

CHANGE FRONT TO THE | _Centre Companies_—Right (or left) face—Right REAR UPON THE | Counter-march—Quick march—Halt, CENTRE. | Front, Dress up—Eyes front. | _Remaining Companies,_ | _The Companies pass each other by the_ THREES RIGHT, and | _left, those of the Right wing describing a_ LEFT SHOULDERS | _circle to allow room for the others to pass,_ FORWARD—RIGHT AND | _and when in their proper position_—Right LEFT COUNTER-MARCH— | (or left) shoulders forward—Forward—Halt, QUICK MARCH. | Dress up—Eyes front.

CHANGES OF POSITION OF THE BATTALION FROM LINE BY MOVEMENTS OF THE OPEN COLUMN ON A FIXED POINT.

_S. 24. The Battalion to change position to the front on the right halted Company, by throwing forward the whole Left, and by the flank march of Companies._

_2. The Battalion may change its position to the Left, Right thrown forward, by the formation of the Open column in front of the left halted Company._

_3. If the Change of position is effected by the formation of the Open column on a central Company, the caution will specify which flank is to be_ thrown forward. _The Companies face inwards, and disengage._

_4. When a Battalion is to change position on a flank halted Company, by throwing back the other flank._

ON A DISTANT POINT.

_S. 25. The Battalion in line changes position by breaking into Open column, marching up in column to the point where its head is to remain, and entering the line by the flank march of Companies._

_S. 26. The Battalion formed in line, changes position by breaking into Open column, marching to a point where its head is to rest, and to which its rear divisions form, by successively passing each other, and wheeling up._

OPEN COLUMN MOVEMENTS.

_S. 27. When the leading flank of the Column is changed by the successive march of Divisions from the rear to the front._

_S. 28. To change the Wings of a column formed upon a road, where the space does not admit of the Flank movement._

BY DOUBLE FILES FROM | _Rear Company_—Inwards face, by Files THE CENTRE, REAR WING | from the centre. _Remaining_ TO THE FRONT. TWO CENTRE | _Companies_*—Halt, Dress. _Rear_ SECTIONS OUTWARDS | _Division when clear of the column_—Form WHEEL—QUICK MARCH.* | Company—Forward. _Remaining Divisions_ | _in succession when clear_—Inwards | face—Quick march—Form Company—Forward.

_S. 29. When the Column, at open, or half distance, is required to form a Square._

1. _If the Square is to be formed on the front Company._

FORM SQUARE UPON | (_Vide S. 21, No. 2._) THE FRONT COMPANY—QUICK | MARCH. |

2. _If upon a central Company._

FORM SQUARE ON THE RIGHT | _The Officer commanding the named Division,_ (OR LEFT) CENTRE | _gives_—Sections outwards; _the rear_ COMPANY—RIGHT (OR LEFT) | _Sections closing on the front Sections._ WING—RIGHT ABOUT | _The Left wing will close to Section_ FACE—QUICK (OR DOUBLE) | _distance, and the Companies receive,_ MARCH. | _in succession_—Sections outwards; | _the Right Wing will move to the Centre,_ | _rear Rank in front, and when each_ | _Company shall close up to_ | _the one preceding it, Companies_ 3, 4, 5, | 6, Front turn, Sections outwards, _and the_ | _rear Sections close to the front. Nos. 1_ | _and 2_—Halt, Front,—_Nos. 7 and 8_—Halt, | Right about face.

_3. If an Open column, moving to front, or rear in File, or Sections of Threes, be attacked by Cavalry._

_If in File._

FORM SQUARE ON THE | _The Divisions turn to the right, and_ CENTRE—WINGS | _left; and if the Column be right in front,_ INWARD TURN—DOUBLE | _when the left centre Company has turned_ MARCH. | _it receives_—Sections outwards; _the Wings_ | _close on the centre, at the double march,_ | _and each Company wheels outwards into_ | _Square; as in No. 2._

_If the Column is moving in Sections of Threes._

QUARTER DISTANCE, AND CLOSE COLUMN.

_S. 30. When a Battalion forms a close, or quarter distance Column, from Line._

_1. If a Close Column before, or behind, either of the flank Companies._

_2. On a central Company._

INWARDS FACE—QUICK | _All except the named Company_—Halt, MARCH. | Front, Dress.

_In the same manner, Column may be formed from Line upon any Company facing to the rear; that Company countermarching by files, and the Wings facing outwards, and countermarching to the right, or left; and forming as before._

_In all Counter-marches from Line, the Company of formation will be faced by the command of its own Officer._

_3. If a Quarter distance Column upon any named Company._

_4. The Close column may be formed from Open column._

CLOSE TO THE FRONT—QUICK | _If on the March, Leading division_—Halt. (OR DOUBLE) MARCH. | _Remaining divisions successively_—Halt: _Or without halting_—CLOSE | _When on the Double march_—Quick. TO THE FRONT—DOUBLE. |

_S. 31. When the Column, at close, or quarter distance, marches to a flank._

_If the Column is at quarter distance, it may be marched to a flank in Sections of threes._

THREES RIGHT (OR | LEFT) SHOULDERS | FORWARD—QUICK | MARCH—FORWARD. |

_S. 32. When the Column at quarter distance, moving to front, or rear, takes ground to the Right, or Left, by the Echellon march of Sections._

1. SECTIONS RIGHT (OR | _Officers remain on their proper pivot_ LEFT)—FORWARD. | _flank._ 2. RE-FORM COLUMN— | FORWARD. |

_Ground may be taken to a flank by the diagonal march._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) HALF | TURN. |

_S. 33. When a Column halted, at Close, or Quarter distance, is to wheel on a fixed, or moveable pivot._

_1. At close distance on a fixed pivot._

COLUMN TO THE RIGHT | _The flank file of front Company will_ (OR LEFT) WHEEL—QUICK | _face. Remaining Companies make a half_ (OR DOUBLE) | _face._ MARCH—HALT. | _Vide S. 10. No. 6._

_2. At close distance on a moveable pivot._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) SHOULDERS | FORWARD—HALT | _Rear Divisions will make a half turn to_ (OR FORWARD). | _the outward flank, and circle round._

_If the Column is to wheel in double time._

DOUBLE—FORWARD—QUICK. |

_3. At Quarter distance on a fixed pivot._

_4. At Quarter distance on a moveable pivot._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) SHOULDERS | _The Front division moves round at a short_ FORWARD—DOUBLE— | _pace, the pivot-man gradually advancing_ FORWARD—QUICK. | _in the new direction._

_S. 34. When a Close, or Quarter distance Column is to change its front by the wheel and countermarch of Sub-divisions round the centre._

_1. If at the halt._

_2. If the Column at Quarter distance is on the march._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) | SUB-DIVISIONS—RIGHT | ABOUT TURN—FRONT | TURN—FORWARD. |

_S. 35. When a Column at close, or quarter distance, is to open out to full, or half distance, from front, or rear._

_1. If from the front._

COLUMN WILL OPEN | _The requisite number of paces are_ FROM THE FRONT—RIGHT | _counted by the leaders of each Division._ ABOUT FACE—QUICK | Halt, Front. MARCH. |

_2. If from the rear._

COLUMN WILL OPEN | _Each Division leader gives_ Halt _to the_ FROM THE REAR—QUICK | _Company in his front, when at the ordered_ MARCH. | _distance._

DEPLOYMENTS.

_Deployments are made from Column invariably on the base of the front Company; Close columns deploy in File._

_S. 36. When the Battalion in column of Companies, at Close, or Quarter distance (right in front), deploys into Line._

FROM CLOSE COLUMN.

_1. On the Front Company._

_2. On the Rear Company._

_Deployments on a central Company are performed in a similar manner. In deploying on a rear, or central Company, the Company of formation will be moved up in Double time._

FROM QUARTER DISTANCE COLUMN.

_3. When a Battalion in Column of Companies at quarter distance, right in front, deploys upon its Front division._

_4. On a Rear Company._

DEPLOY ON THE REAR | _When the Front is clear, Rear Company_ COMPANY—REMAINING | —Double march—Halt, Dress up—Eyes COMPANIES, THREES— | front. _The other Companies successively_ LEFT SHOULDERS FORWARD | —shoulders forward—Halt. _When uncovered_ —QUICK MARCH— | —Quick march—Halt, Dress up—Eyes front. FORWARD. |

_The Base points are three paces in advance of the Front Company of the Column._

ECHELLON FORMATIONS AND MOVEMENTS.

_S. 37. When a Battalion from Line wheels forward by Companies, to either flank, into Echellon._

1. COMPANIES —— | PACES TO THE —— | WHEEL—QUICK | MARCH. | Halt, Dress.

_2. When the Echellon thus formed marches forward, and halts._

QUICK MARCH—HALT. |

_S. 38. When the Battalion having wheeled from Line into Echellon, has marched, and halted, and is to form back parallel to the Line it quitted._

WHEEL BACK INTO | LINE—QUICK MARCH. | Halt, Dress—Eyes front.

_S. 39. When the Battalion having wheeled from Line into Echellon, has marched and halted, and is to form up oblique to the Line it quitted._

_1. If the Formation is made forward._

_2. If the wheel of the leading Division exceed the number of paces which it before wheeled from Line into Echellon, the others wheel up one-half of that excess, move on, and successively dress up with it._

_3. If the formation is to be on the prolongation of the front Division as it stands, the others wheel back one-half of what they originally wheeled forward, then move on, and dress up with it._

_S. 40. When the Battalion formed in Line changes front on a fixed flank Company, by throwing forward the rest of the Battalion._

_S. 41. When the Battalion changes front on a fixed flank Company, by throwing back the rest of the Battalion._

_S. 42. When the Battalion changes front on a central Company, by advancing one Wing, and retiring the other._

_The Company of the Wing to be thrown back is wheeled backward, and the Company of the wing to be brought forward is wheeled forward; or a Central Company is wheeled upon its centre into the new direction._

_S. 43. When, from Open column, the Companies wheel backward into Echellon, in order to form in Line on the front Company._

1. FORM LINE ON THE | _The front Company remains square to_ LEADING DIVISION. | _the Column, or is wheeled backward into_ REMAINING DIVISIONS | _the intended direction of the Line by its_ —— PACES ON THE | _Officer._ —— BACKWARD | _If the front Company remains square,_ WHEEL—QUICK | _the remaining Companies wheel back four_ MARCH. | _paces, or the eighth of a circle; but if_ | _the direction be Oblique, then the_ | _remaining Companies wheel one-half the_ | _number wheeled by the front Company, in_ | _addition to the eighth of a circle_—Halt, QUICK MARCH. | Dress. —— shoulders forward—Halt, Dress up | —Eyes front.

_2. If the Line be formed on the rear Company of the Column, that Company will stand fast, the others will receive._

_3. If the Line is to be formed on a rear Company, but facing to the Rear._

_4. If the Line be formed on a Central Company of the Column._

_S. 44. When from Line the Companies of a Battalion march off in Echellon, successively and directly to the front; and again form Line to the front, or flank._

_1. When the intention is to form Line to the front._

ADVANCE IN DIRECT | ECHELLON OF COMPANIES | _When the leading Division receives_—Halt, FROM THE | _the others move on, and_ Halt, Dress RIGHT (OR LEFT). | up_, in line with it._

_2. When the intention is to form Line to the flank._

_3. If a Column is to be formed to the flank, from a direct Echellon._

_S. 45. When a Battalion, in Echellon of Companies, halted, or in motion, is required to form square._

COMPANIES RIGHT (OR | _The formation will proceed as directed_ LEFT) SHOULDERS | _in Section 29._ FORWARD—FORWARD—FORM | SQUARE. |

_S. 46. When a Battalion marching in Line is to take ground to a flank by the Echellon movement of Sub-divisions, or Sections._

1. SUB-DIVISIONS (OR | SECTIONS) RIGHT (OR | LEFT)—FORWARD. |

_2. When sufficient ground has been taken to the flank._

RE-FORM LINE—FORWARD— | HALT. |

_3. When sufficient ground has been taken in Echellon to a flank, and a forward formation of the Line is to be made._

FORM LINE ON THE | _The head Division is wheeled up two_ LEADING DIVISION. | _paces more and halted._ | _Divisions successively_ —— shoulders | forward. Halt, Dress up—Eyes front.

_In taking ground to a flank, if a small degree of obliquity from the former position is to be taken, the Line may wheel forward by Companies; if a greater, by Sub-divisions; and if a greater still, by Sections._

LIGHT INFANTRY.

SIGNALS AND SOUNDS FOR REGULATING MOVEMENTS.

The Officers’ call—_as established, and therefore not numbered_.

1. To extend. 2. To close. 3. To advance. 4. To halt. 5. To fire. 6. Cease firing. 7. To retreat. 8. Assembly. 9. Incline to the right. 10. Incline to the left. 11. The alarm.

INFANTRY SWORD EXERCISE.

Words of command throughout

THE PROGRESSIVE INSTRUCTIONS OF THE DRILL.

_The words in Italics are to serve as a caution only._

SECTION I.

EXTENSION MOTIONS, AND POSITIONS.

Attention. _First extension motions._—One—Two—Three—Four—Five. _First position in three motions._—One—Two—Three. _Second position in two motions._—One—Two. _Balance motions._—One—Two—Three—Four. _First position._ _Third position in two motions._—One—Two. _Second extension motions._—One—Two—Three. First position. Front. Stand at ease.

Attention. Positions. First—Second—First—Third. First—Second—Third—Second. Single attack—Double attack. Advance—Single attack—Retire—Double attack. Front—Stand at ease.

SECTION II.

PREPARATORY INSTRUCTION WITH THE SWORD.

Attention. Draw swords—Return swords—Draw swords—Slope swords. Stand at ease.

Attention. Prepare for Sword exercise. Right prove distance—Slope swords. Front prove distance—Slope swords. Assault. One—Two—Three—Four—Five—Six—Seven. First Point—Two—Second Point—Two—Third Point—Two. Defend. Second—Third—Fourth—Fifth—Sixth—Seventh. Parry—Two. Slope swords. Stand at ease. Attention. Guard—Inside guard—Outside guard.

Cut one. First guard. Cut two. Second guard. Cut three. Third guard. Cut four. Fourth guard. Cut five. Fifth guard. Cut six. Sixth guard. Cut seven. Seventh guard. First point. Two. Second point. Two. Third point. Two. Parry. Two. Guard. Slope swords. Stand at ease.

SECTION III.

REVIEW, OR INSPECTION EXERCISE.

Attention. Prepare for Sword exercise. Right prove distance—Slope swords. Front prove distance—Slope swords. Guard—Inside Guard—Outside guard. One—Two—Three—Four—Five—Six—Seven. Points—First—Second—Third—Parry. Guard—Slope swords.

SWORD PRACTICE.

Guard. _Inside, and outside Cuts._—One—Two—Three—Four—Five—Six. Inside guard. _Outside Cuts._—Two—Four—Six. Outside guard. _Inside Cuts._—One—Three—Five. Guard—Slope swords—Stand at ease.

SECTION IV.

ATTACK AND DEFENCE.

Attention. Front rank, Right about face—Prepare for Attack, and Defence. Prove distance—Slope swords. Guard—Inside guard—Outside guard. Left cheek—Right cheek—Wrist—Leg. Left side—Right side—Head. First point—Two—Third point—Two. Guard—Slope swords.

_Point, and Parry._—Guard—Third point—Point. Point (continuing as long as requisite). Guard—Slope swords—Stand at ease.

SECTION V.

STICK DRILL.

_First Practice._

Guard—Continuing the same words of command and movements as in the “Attack and Defence” in Section 4th, omitting the word “Two” in the delivery of each point.

_Second Practice._

Guard—Continuing, &c., as the “Point and Parry,” but not exceeding Six points.

_Third Practice._

Guard—Leg—Inside guard—Leg. Outside guard—Leg—Guard—Slope swords.

_Fourth Practice._

Guard—Head—Head—Leg—Leg—Head—Head—Guard. Slope swords.

_Fifth Practice._

Head—Head—Arm—Head—Head—Arm. Head—Head—Right side—Head—Head—Right side. Slope swords.

When perfect, by Word of command, the whole of this Section is to be performed in Quick time, by the drill officer naming only the practice required, but first giving the caution—_Stick drill by practice divisions._

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PITCHING, AND STRIKING TENTS.

1. Whenever possible, the quartermaster, or an officer acting for him, with a non-commissioned officer and a camp colourman per company, will precede the corps to be encamped.

2. This officer will take up ground for the companies’ and the officers’ and other tents, &c., according to the directions he may have received, to conform to one or other of the methods laid down in the “Regulations for Encampments,” marking by a picket the spot to be occupied by each tent-pole, and taking care that the lines of tents are perpendicular and correctly covered.

3. Before arriving in camp the men will be told off for their several functions as pole-men, peg-men, and unpackers of tents, two men being allotted for each of these duties, and six in all for every tent. More than this number only impede each other.

Each tent requires, therefore, one section of threes to pitch, or strike it.

4. From the remainder of the company the parties will be told off for provisions, wood, water, fire, guards and pickets, and for the pitching of the officers’ orderly-room, store-room, guard-tents, &c.

To each tent, as far as possible, a non-commissioned officer will be told off.

5. It is known that the soldiers’ tent, with its cords, occupies a space of nearly 6 yards—that is, between 7 and 8 paces from pole to pole.

6. The pole-men, being stationed at the spots indicated by the pickets, the pole is lowered, and the cap of the tent fixed on, and all things prepared for the raising of the tent. On the signal, or word of command, the whole of the poles are raised together, the skirt of the tent being lifted over the poleman’s head.

7. It will be remembered, that, to insure stability, four of the cords which divide the circumference accurately into quarters, must be first made fast before any of the others.

8. Each cord must be stretched on the true prolongation of the tent seam.

9. The slides must be made fast at an equal distance from the tent and the ground peg, so as to permit shifting, as expansion or contraction of the cord ensues on atmospheric changes.

10. The non-commissioned officer sees that the door is properly placed, and attends especially to the fastenings of the first four pegs, with a view to the general uprightness of the pole and security of the tent, under the general superintendence of the company’s officers; one being stationed at the flank, the more easily to detect and correct errors.

11. In order to strike the tents, all the pegs are drawn except the four first driven, and four men place themselves at these in readiness for the signal; they draw these pegs, and hold down the tent till the signal be given.

12. On the signal, the pole-men lower the poles to the rear, and come out by the door, bringing the poles with them.

13. In rolling up the tent, the cap is turned on one side, in such a manner as shall make it visible at one end when the tent is rolled. This prevents the cap from cutting the tent.