PART VI.

FIELD BATTERY EXERCISE.[13]

STANDING DRILL.

_Section. 1. Telling off the Detachments._[14]

_Section 2. Posts of the Detachment._

_Art. 1.—In Action._

No. 1. At the handspike.

Nos. 2, 3. Outside the wheels: with Howitzers rather in rear of the muzzle; with Guns in line with the front of the wheels.

Nos. 4, 5. In line with the breech.

No. 6. Five yards in rear of the left wheel.

No. 7. In rear of the Limber.

No. 8. Ten yards in rear of No. 6.

No. 9. Four yards in rear of the Limber.

_Art. 2.—In Order of March._

No. 1. On the off-side at the wheel horses’ heads.

Nos. 2, 3. In line with the muzzle.

Nos. 4, 5. In line with the breech.

Nos. 6, 7. In line with the axletree of the Limber.

Nos. 8, 9. In line with the splinter bar.

_Art. 3.—In Front._

In line, ten yards in front of the leading horses.

_Art. 4.—In Rear._

In line, two yards in rear of the muzzle of the Gun.

_Art. 5._—In line with the gun axletree, one yard to the right or left of the wheel.

_Art. 6.—Mounted._

No. 1. On the right.} On the Gun limber. No. 6. On the left. } No. 3. On the right.} On the Waggon limber. No. 2. On the left. }

No. 3. On the right.} On the front of the Waggon body. No. 2. On the left. }

No. 7. On the right.} On the rear of the Waggon body. No. 8. On the left. }

When there are 9 men, No. 9 between Nos. 5 and 4.

_Section 3. Change of Position of Detachments._

1. FORM THE ORDER OF MARCH. | _Nos. 1._ Right face. Double march. 2. FORM THE ORDER OF MARCH. | _Nos. 1._ Left face. Double march. 3. DETACHMENTS REAR. | _Nos. 1._ Right about face. Double | march. Halt. Front. 4. DETACHMENTS FRONT. | _Nos. 1._ Double march. Halt. 5. DETACHMENTS RIGHT. | _Nos. 1._ Right (or left) face. | Double march, front turn. Halt. 6. DETACHMENTS REAR. | _Nos. 1._ Right about face. Double | march. Halt, front. 7. DETACHMENTS FRONT. | _Nos. 1._ Double march. Halt. Front.

_Section 4. Detail of Duties in the service of Ordnance._

No. 1 Commands, and lays the Gun. No. 2 Sponges. No. 3 Loads, and serves ammunition. No. 4 Serves the vent, and primes. After the discharge he clears the vent with the drift, previous to reloading. No. 5 Fires.[15] No. 6 Serves ammunition. No. 7 Attends the Limber, and serves ammunition to No. 8. No. 8 Assists No. 7. No. 9 Attends the ammunition Waggon. */

CHANGING ROUND.

No. 2 becomes No. 4. No. 4 ” No. 9. No. 9 ” No. 7. No. 7 ” No. 8. No. 8 ” No. 6. No. 6 ” No. 1. No. 1 ” No. 5. No. 5 ” No. 3. No. 3 ” No. 2.

_Exercise, with Reduced Numbers._

+------------------------+---------------------------------------------+ | Nos. Retained. | Distribution of duties. | |------------------------+-------+-------+------+------+---+---+---+---+ | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | | +-------+-------+------+------+---+---+---+---+ | 1, 2 |1, 4, 5|2, 3, 6| | | | | | | | 1, 2, 3 | 4, 5| 2 | 3, 6 | | | | | | | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 1 | 2 | 3, 6 | 4, 5 | | | | | | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 1 | 2 | 3, 6 | 4 | 5 | | | | | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | | | | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | | | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |------------------------+-------+-------+------+------+---+---+---+---+

DISTANCES REQUIRED

_for a Battery of 6 Guns (4 horses to each Carriage)._

In Line, from muzzle to muzzle 15 yards. In Column of Route 177 ” ” Sub-divisions 87 ” ” Divisions 87 ” ” Half battery 72 ”

A Gun, or Waggon, with 4 Horses covers 11 yards of ground, from front to rear.

For every additional pair of Horses 4 yards should be added.

A Battery of 6 Guns, when limbered up at full intervals, occupies from

Right to left 78 yards. Front to rear 26 yards.

On each flank, 22 additional yards should be allowed.

A battery of 6 Guns, when unlimbered for Action, at full intervals, occupies from

Right to left 78 yards. Front to rear 37 yards.

The space required for reversing a Gun with 4 Horses is 9 yards, and for a Waggon about 8 yards.

[Illustration: ELEVATION OF A 9 P^R BRASS FIELD CARRIAGE.

NAMES OF THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A FIELD GUN CARRIAGE.

A Block, or Trail. g Portfire clipper. B Cheeks, or Brackets. h Locking plate. C Axletree. i Trail plate bolt. D Ogee. k Trail plate. E Trunnion holes. l Trail plate eye. F Wheel. m Chain eye bolt. G Felly. n Locking chain. H Spokes. o Breast, or advancing chain. I Nave. p Trail handles. J Tire, or Streak. q Handspike shoe. K Rivets. r Handspike pin. L Tire, or Streak bolts. s Handspike ring. a Eye, or Capsquare bolts. t Axletree arms. b Capsquares. u Dragwashers. c Axletree bands. v Nave hoops. d Bracket bolts. w Elevating screw. e Transom bolts. x Handles of elevating screw. f Trunnion plates. y Elevating screw box.]

[Illustration: PLAN OF A 9 P^R BRASS FIELD CARRIAGE.]

_Section 5. Method of performing the duties of serving ordnance._

_Section 6. Ranges._

_Section 7. Method of laying a piece of ordnance._

_Section 8. Limbering up._

FRONT (REAR, RIGHT, OR LEFT) LIMBER UP. | Halt: Limber up.

_Section 9. Unlimbering, or coming into action._

To the front, rear, right or left. The reverse of limbering up.

_Section 10. Moving with the Prolonge._

PREPARE TO RETREAT WITH THE PROLONGE. | _Nos._ 1 THE BATTERY WILL RETIRE. | Right about HALT. | face. UNHOOK PROLONGE. | Front.

PREPARE TO ADVANCE WITH THE PROLONGE. | _Nos._ 3 ACTION. | Drive on.

_Section 11. Mounting field ordnance_, with the materials belonging to the battery.

_Section 12. Dismounting field ordnance_, with the materials belonging to the battery.

_Section 13. Shifting shafts._

_Section 14. Disengaging a shaft horse_, when he falls, or is disabled in action.

_Section 15. Changing wheels_, when the lifting jack is not at hand.

_Section 16. Shifting the medium 12 pounder._

_Section 17. To remove disabled field artillery._

_Section 18. Exercise with Drag-ropes._

1. A light 6 pounder with its limber requires 15 men, six of whom are told off entirely for the drag-ropes, the other men at the gun also assisting in manning them: No. 9 is always in the shafts, and No. 8 at the point of the shaft, near side. A 9 pounder requires additional men, and a double set of drag-ropes.

2. The drag-rope men are numbered off from 10 upward. Nos. 10, 12, 14, are with the left drag-rope; 11, 13, 15, with the right; 10, 11, carry the drag-ropes.

3. The gun being limbered up, and the detachment and drag-rope men in the order of march, at the word “HOOK ON,” Nos. 8 and 9 get into their places; 10 and 11 move outside the gun detachments to the rear, and hook on to the gun drag-washers, passing the end of the drag-ropes at once to the front.

The Nos. then man the drag-ropes as follows:—Nos. 10 and 11 outside, close to the drag-washer; 2, 12, 3, and 13 the centre of the drag-rope; 4, 14, 5, and 15 the front; 6 and 7 the ends. The gun detachments inside, and the drag-rope men outside. No. 1 at the point of the shafts, off-side. At the word “UNHOOK,” Nos. 10 and 11 unhook, coil up the drag-ropes; and the whole then form the order of march.

4. At the word “ACTION,” whether to the “FRONT,” “REAR,” “RIGHT,” or “LEFT,” the drag-ropes are at once quitted; Nos. 10 and 11 unhook, and coil them up; and the whole of the drag-rope men retire with the limber, forming in front of it two deep, as they were numbered off. In limbering up, the drag-rope men form the order of march, and wait for the word to hook on.

FORMATION OF A BATTERY.

A battery of Artillery is generally composed of six pieces of ordnance, to which a Company of Artillery is attached. The number of ammunition, forge, and store waggons varies according to the nature of the ordnance.

_Section 19. Fitting of saddles, bridles, harness, &c._

_Section 20. Harnessing._

_Section 21. Carrying forage._

_Section 22. Instruction for Drivers._

_Section 23. Parade, and inspection._

The Battery, limbered up, is told off by sub-divisions, divisions, and half batteries.

One gun and its waggon constitute a sub-division. Two sub-divisions ” a division. Three sub-divisions ” a half battery.

The battery is numbered from right to left by sub-divisions. It is then told off into three divisions. No. 1 the right; No. 2 the centre; No. 3 the left. Sub-divisions Nos. 1, 3, and 5 are also distinguished as right sub-divisions of divisions; and Nos. 2, 4, and 6 the left; the two centre sub-divisions are also to be named. It is also told off into half batteries, and these are distinguished by right, centre, and left sub-divisions of half batteries. The gun of direction should always be named. A flank gun is generally named with a battery of four guns, and the right centre gun with a battery of six guns.

Spare carriages, with the battery, form a third, and, if necessary, a fourth line, in rear. The forge and store-waggon always in the centre, and the ammunition waggons on the flanks, covering those in the front line.

_Section 24. Posts, and duties of Officers, and mounted Non-commissioned officers, &c., at exercise._

_Second Captain._

_In line, limbered up._—One horse’s length in rear of the centre.

_In column._—Two horses’ length from the centre on the reverse flank.

_In action._—He assists the Captain in general superintendence.

He dresses all points of formation, gives the word “_Steady_,” when they have been correctly taken up, and the formation completed. When required he commands a division.

_Subalterns._

_In line, limbered up._—The senior on the right of the right division; the second on the left of the left division; the junior on the right of the centre division.

_In column of route._—On the pivot flanks of their leading sub-divisions.

_In column of divisions._—On the pivot flanks of their respective divisions.

_In column of half-batteries._—The subaltern of the centre division, on the pivot flank of the leading half battery. The others continue on the same flank of their sub-divisions as when in line.

_In action._—Between the guns of their divisions, a little in rear.

They command the divisions to which they are attached, dressing in line with, and close to the leaders, and always with the guns.

_In shifting from one flank to the other._—It is always along the front, and at a canter; and in joining the new sub-division, the officer always turns his horse’s head inwards.

_Staff Serjeants._

_In line, limbered up._—The senior on the right of the marker of the right division. The junior on the left of the marker of the left division.

_In column of route._—One on the reverse flank of the leading gun; the other on the pivot flank of the rear carriage.

_In column of divisions._—One between the guns of the leading, the other between the guns of the rear division.

_In column of half-batteries._—On the reverse flank of the waggons of each half battery.

They take up points in changes of position. In line formations, 10 yards from the flank sub-divisions; in column formations, 10 yards in front and rear. They dress the markers when there is no staff officer; and the limbers and waggons in action.

_Markers._

_In line, limbered up._—In line with the leaders of the waggons, and covering their officers.

_In column of route._—With their leading waggons covering their officers. (Without waggons, covering their officers, and in line with the centre horses of the gun.)

_In column of divisions, and half-batteries._—They cover their officers. (Without waggons, on the reverse flank of their divisions.)

_In action._—Those of the right, and centre divisions on the right of the leaders of the limbers of their right sub-divisions. The marker of the left division, on the left of the leaders of the limber of the left sub-division.

They take up points in changes of position; in line formations, for the sub-division nearest the one of formation; in column formations, for the pivot sub-division.

_Farriers, and Artificers._

The farrier is generally attached to the forge; but when the battery is limbered up he is in the centre, in rear of the second captain. The other artificers are told off in the gun detachments when not mounted.

_Trumpeters._

_In line, limbered up._—On the right of the battery, in line with it, one horse’s length distant.

_In column._—One horse’s length in front.

_During manœuvres._—One with the commander; the other in rear of the battery.

MANŒUVRES OF A BATTERY OF SIX PIECES.

_Section 25._ BATTERY IN LINE.

_1. To advance. Commanding officer’s word of command repeated by officers._

[16]THE BATTERY WILL | _The officer, and marker of the_ ADVANCE—MARCH. | _sub-division of direction take up points._

_2. To retire._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) | REVERSE—MARCH. |

_3. To come into action._

ACTION FRONT. | _Senior staff-serjeants._—Left reverse.

_4. To diminish (or increase) intervals on the march._

_To diminish._ | _Nos._ 1. Right (or left) half HALF, OR QUARTER, INTERVALS | turn—Trot—Front turn—Trot—(except No. 1 ON—SUB-DIVISION. | of the named sub-division). _To increase._ | FULL INTERVALS | ON—SUB-DIVISION. |

_5. To take ground to a flank._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) TAKE | _The officers shift to the pivot flank_ GROUND— | _of what will become their leading_ MARCH. | _sub-divisions._

_6. To make a half turn on the march._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) | HALF TURN—MARCH. |

_7. To form Column of divisions in rear of a flank._

FORM COLUMN OF DIVISIONS IN | _Centre division_—Right REAR OF THE RIGHT. | reverse—March—By the left—Left take | ground—Halt—Dress. MARCH. | _Left division_—Right reverse—March—By | the left—Left half turn—Left take | ground—Halt—Dress. FORM COLUMN OF DIVISIONS IN | _Centre division_—Left REAR OF THE LEFT. | reverse—March—By the right—Right take | ground—Right take ground—Halt—Dress. MARCH. | _Right division_—Left reverse—March—By | the right—Right half turn—Right take | ground—Halt—Dress.

_8. To form Column of divisions in front of a flank._

FORM COLUMN OF DIVISIONS IN | _Centre division_—Forward—March—Left FRONT OF | take ground—Waggons close intervals—Right THE LEFT— | take ground—Halt—Dress. MARCH. | _Right division_—Forward—March—Left | half turn—Left half turn—Waggons close | intervals—Right take ground—Halt—Dress. FORM COLUMN OF DIVISIONS | _Centre division_—Forward—March—Right IN FRONT OF | take ground—Waggons close intervals—Left THE RIGHT— | take ground—Halt—Dress. MARCH. | _Left division_—Forward—March—Right | half turn—Right half turn—Waggons close | intervals—Left take ground—Halt—Dress.

_9. To form Column of divisions on the centre division._ This manœuvre is a combination of Nos. 7 and 8.

_10. To change front to the rear._ _First method. By a countermarch._

THE BATTERY WILL CHANGE | _The officers shift to the pivot flank_ FRONT TO THE REAR—GUNS | _of their leading guns—viz., to the left_ RIGHT, WAGGONS LEFT | _of 1, 3, and 5 guns._ TAKE GROUND—MARCH— | RIGHT COUNTERMARCH—FRONT | TURN—HALT—DRESS. |

_Second method. On the centre._

CHANGE FRONT TO THE REAR ON | _CENTRE DIVISION_—SUB-DIVISIONS INWARDS THE CENTRE—MARCH. | about wheel—March—Halt—Dress. | _Right division_—March—Left wheel—Left | wheel—Halt—Dress. | _Left division_—March—Right | wheel—Right wheel—Halt—Dress.

_Third method. When at diminished intervals; on the march._

THE BATTERY WILL CHANGE | FRONT TO THE REAR; ON THE | CENTRE. LEFT HALF | BATTERY—HALT—HALF | BATTERIES INWARDS ABOUT | WHEEL—FORWARD. |

_11. To change front to a flank._

_First method. Right (or left) back, on a flank sub-division._

_Nos._ 1. CHANGE FRONT TO THE RIGHT | 6. Left wheel—Left about ON NO. 6. MARCH. | wheel—Halt—Dress. | 5. } Right reverse. | 4. } Left shoulders. | 3. } Right reverse. | 2. } Halt—Dress. | 1. }

_Nos._ 1. CHANGE FRONT TO THE LEFT | 1. Right wheel—Right about ON NO. 1. MARCH. | wheel—Halt—Dress. | 2. } Left reverse. | 3. } Right shoulders. | 4. } Left reverse. | 5. } Halt. | 6. } Dress.

_For Action._

CHANGE FRONT TO THE RIGHT, ON NO. 6, | _The named sub-division FOR ACTION. MARCH (OR CHANGE FRONT | comes into action in the new TO THE LEFT ON NO. 1, FOR ACTION. | direction; the others MARCH). | proceed as before, and come | into action to the rear._

_Second method. Right (or left) forward, on a flank sub-division._

_Nos._ 1. CHANGE FRONT TO THE LEFT ON | 6. Right wheel—Right about NO. 6. MARCH. | wheel—Halt—Dress. | 5. } | 4. } | 3. } Right shoulders. | 2. } Halt—Dress. | 1. }

_Nos._ 1. CHANGE FRONT TO THE RIGHT | 1. Left wheel—Left about ON No. 1—MARCH. | wheel—Halt—Dress. | 2. } | 3. } Left shoulders. | 4. } Halt. | 5. } Dress. | 6. }

_For Action._

CHANGE FRONT TO THE RIGHT | _The named sub-division comes into ON NO. 1 FOR ACTION— | action in the new direction; the MARCH—(OR CHANGE FRONT | others proceed as before, and come TO THE LEFT ON NO. 6, FOR | into action to the front._ ACTION—MARCH). |

_Third method._ _To the right_ (or left) _on a central sub-division_, one flank thrown forward, the other back. This is a combination of the First and Second methods.

_Note._—_A battery may change its front_, Half right, or Half left, on the same principle as already detailed. The commanding officer’s word would be “CHANGE FRONT, HALF RIGHT (OR HALF LEFT) ON—SUB-DIVISION.”

These manœuvres can be executed on the same principle, by divisions, or half batteries.

A Battery can also change front on a moveable pivot by a simple wheel.

_12. To advance from a flank, in column._

ADVANCE FROM THE RIGHT, | _Right division._ Forward by the left. IN COLUMN OF | March. DIVISIONS—MARCH. | { Right take ground. | _Centre, and left { March—Left take | divisions_ { ground. | | _Nos._ 1. | 2. } Waggon right. Waggon rear. | 4. } | ADVANCE FROM THE LEFT, | _Left division_ { Forward by the IN COLUMN OF | { right—March. DIVISIONS—MARCH. | | _Centre, and right { Left take | divisions_ { ground—March. | { Right take ground. | | _Nos._ 1. | 5. } Waggon left. Waggon rear. | 3. }

_13. To advance from the centre, in double column of sub-divisions._

ADVANCE FROM THE CENTRE, | _Centre division_—Forward.—Trot—March. IN A DOUBLE COLUMN OF | _Right division_—Left take ground—March. SUB-DIVISIONS—MARCH. | _Left division_—Right take ground—March. | | _Nos._ 1. | 2. } Right take ground—Trot. | 1. } Right take ground. | 5. } Left take ground—Trot. | 6. } Left take ground.

_14. To move from a flank along the front in a column of divisions._

MOVE FROM THE RIGHT, ALONG | Forward—March. THE FRONT, IN COLUMN OF | Left wheel. DIVISIONS. MARCH. |

_Note._—_To advance from the left, along the front_, is done in the same manner.

_15. To advance from a flank, in echellon of sub-divisions._

ADVANCE FROM THE RIGHT, | IN ECHELLON OF | SUB-DIVISIONS—MARCH. |

_Advancing from the Left_ is done on the same principle.

_Note._—_A Battery in echellon of Sub-divisions_, if required to change its front when in action, can do so at the word “ACTION LEFT” (OR RIGHT), by merely throwing the trails round, and bringing the guns into the new direction, the limbers and waggons forming in rear of their guns.

_16. To advance from a flank in echellon of divisions._

ADVANCE FROM THE RIGHT, | _The right division advances, the centre IN ECHELLON OF | moves off in succession, when at its DIVISIONS—MARCH. | wheeling distance, in rear of the leading | one. The left division follows in the same | manner._

_Advancing from the Left is done on the same principle._

_Note._—_A Battery in echellon of Divisions_, if required to change its front when in action, does so as follows:—

CHANGE FRONT TO THE LEFT, | _Nos._ 1. ON THE LEFT GUNS OF | 2. } DIVISIONS—MARCH. | 4. } Action left. | 6. } | 1. } Front limber up. | 3. } Left wheel—Halt. | 5. } Action front.

_An echellon of Half batteries_ is formed in the same manner as that of divisions; the rear half battery must, however, keep its wheeling distance from the leading one. When in action, if the front is to be changed, it is better to do it on a centre gun.

_Retirements in echellon_, are done on the same principle as the advance.

_17. To retire from a flank in column._

_First Method._

RIGHT DIVISION TO THE | _Right division_—Sub-divisions REAR—MARCH. | inwards about wheel—March. | _Centre and left | divisions_—Forward—Right | wheel—March—Right wheel.

_To retire with the Left division_ is done on the same principle.

_Second method._

RETIRE FROM THE RIGHT, | _Right division_—Right reverse—March. IN COLUMN OF | _Centre, and left divisions_—Right DIVISIONS—MARCH. | take ground—March—Right take ground. | | _Nos._ 1. | 2. } Gun left. | 4. } Gun rear.

_18. To retire from the centre in a double column of sub-divisions._

In order to perform this manœuvre, the battery should be reversed, and then (with waggons leading) it is performed in the same manner as the advance from the centre, in a double column.

_19. To retire from a flank by alternate Half batteries, in action._

When a battery in line, in action, is ordered to retire from a flank by alternate Half batteries, the named half battery at once limbers up to the rear, retires to its distance in echellon, and comes into action. As soon as this half battery is in action, the other limbers up to the rear, retires, passes the half battery in action, and so on. The senior officer of each half battery gives the word of command.

_Note._—This manœuvre would generally be practised with the prolonge.

_20. To break into column to a flank._

BREAK INTO COLUMN OF | _Nos._ 1. DIVISIONS TO THE | 1. } Right take ground. RIGHT. MARCH. | 3. } Guns front. | 5. } | | 2. } | 4. } Right wheel. | 6. }

_Breaking into Column to the Left_ can be done on the same principle.

_A Column of Half batteries_ can be formed in the same manner; the pivot sub-divisions wheeling as before, but the others after taking ground, must incline away to gain their required intervals.

_Note._—This movement would generally be employed in breaking into column from line, to march past with other troops; and with half batteries it would be done at reduced intervals.

_21. To increase, and diminish the front._

_First method._

_From Column of route, to form Column of divisions, on the march. Column, right in front._

FORM COLUMN OF DIVISIONS. | _Right division_—Forward by the left. | _Centre and left divisions._—Forward by | the left. Trot—Walk. | | _Nos._ 1. | 2. } | 4. } Left half turn—Trot—Front turn. | 6. }

_Column, left in front._

FORM COLUMN OF DIVISIONS. | _Left division_—Forward by the right. | _Centre and right divisions._—Forward | by the right—Trot—Walk. | | _Nos._ 1. | 5. } | 3. } Right half turn—Trot. | 1. } Front turn.

_Second method._

_From Column of route, to form Column of divisions, in succession. Column, right in front._

IN SUCCESSION FORM | _Nos._ 1. COLUMN OF DIVISIONS. | 1. } | 3. } Halt. | 5. } | | 2. } Left half turn. | 4. } Front turn. | 6. } Halt—Dress.

_Column, left in front._

IN SUCCESSION FORM | _Nos._ 1. COLUMN OF DIVISIONS. | 6. } | 4. } Halt. | 2. } | | 5. } Right half turn. | 3. } Front turn. | 1. } Halt—Dress.

_Third method._

_From Column of divisions, to form Column of route, on the march._

_Column right in front._

FORM COLUMN OF ROUTE. | _Centre and left divisions_—Halt. | | _Nos._ 1. | 1. Forward. | | 3. } Forward—March. | 5. } | | 2. } Halt—Right half turn—March. | 4. } Front turn. | 6. }

_Column left in front._

FORM COLUMN OF ROUTE. | _Centre and right divisions_—Halt. | | _Nos. 1._ | 6. Forward. | | 4. } Forward—March. | 2. } | | 5. } Halt—Left half turn. | 3. } March—Front turn. | 1. }

_22. To bring the Rear to the front, in succession, on the march._

_First method. In Column of route._

REAR SUB-DIVISION TO | _Nos._ 1. THE FRONT. | 6. } | 5. } | 4. } In succession { Right half turn. | 3. } { Front turn. | 2. }

_Second method. In Column of divisions._

REAR DIVISION TO THE FRONT | _Centre and rear divisions in succession._ THROUGH THE INTERVALS. | Inwards close—Forward—Full intervals.

_23. To form Line on the leading division._

_Divisions right in front._

LEFT OF THE FRONT FORM | _Centre division_—Left take LINE—MARCH. | ground—March—Right take | ground—Halt—Dress. | _Left division_—Left take | ground—March—Right half turn—Right | half turn—Halt—Dress.

_Divisions left in front._

RIGHT OF THE FRONT FORM | _Centre division_—Right take LINE—MARCH. | ground—March—Left take | ground—Halt—Dress. | _Right division_—Right take | ground—March—Left half turn—Left | half turn—Halt—Dress.

_On the March._

The centre and rear divisions make a half turn towards the intended line, and come up at an increased pace.

_For Action._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) OF THE | Halt—Action front. FRONT FORM LINE FOR | ACTION—MARCH. |

_24. To form Line on the rear division._

_Divisions right in front._

RIGHT OF THE REAR FORM | _Centre division_—Right take LINE—MARCH. | ground—March—Right take ground—Right | reverse—Halt—Dress. | _Right division_—Right take | ground—March—Right half turn—Right half | turn—Right reverse—Halt—Dress.

_Divisions left in front._

LEFT OF THE REAR FORM | _Centre division_—Left take LINE—MARCH. | ground—March—Left take ground—Left | reverse—Halt—Dress. | _Left division_—Left take | ground—March—Left half turn—Left half | turn—Left reverse—Halt—Dress.

_For Action._

RIGHT (OR LEFT) OF THE | _The standing division comes into action REAR, FORM LINE FOR | to the front: the others, as they arrive ACTION, FRONT—MARCH. | in line, come into action to the rear._

_25. To form Line on the centre division._

This manœuvre is a combination of Nos. 23 and 24.

_26. To form Line to the rear on the leading division._

_Divisions right in front._

FORM LINE TO THE REAR, | _Right division_—Sub-divisions inwards ON THE LEADING | about wheel—March—Halt—Dress. DIVISION—MARCH. | _Centre division_—Right take | ground—March—Left take | ground—Sub-divisions inwards about | wheel—Halt—Dress. | _Left division_—Right take | ground—March—Left half turn—Left half | turn—Sub-divisions inwards about | wheel—Halt—Dress.

_Divisions left in front._

FORM LINE TO THE REAR, | _Left division_—Sub-divisions inwards ON THE LEADING | about wheel—March—Halt—Dress. DIVISION—MARCH. | _Centre division_—Left take | ground—March—Right take | ground—Sub-divisions inwards about | wheel—Halt—Dress. | _Right division_—Left take | ground—March—Right half turn—Right half | turn—Sub-divisions inwards about | wheel—Halt—Dress.

_27. To form Line to the rear of the rear division._

_Divisions right in front._

FORM LINE TO THE REAR, | _Right division_—Left ON THE REAR | wheel—March—Right shoulders—Right DIVISION—MARCH. | shoulders—Halt—Dress. | _Centre division_—Left | wheel—March—Left wheel—Halt—Dress. | _Left division_—Sub-divisions inwards | about wheel—March—Halt—Dress.

_Divisions left in front._

FORM LINE TO THE REAR, | _Left division_—Right wheel—March—Left ON THE REAR | shoulders—Left shoulders—Halt—Dress. DIVISION—MARCH. | _Centre division_—Right | wheel—March—Right wheel—Halt—Dress. | _Right division_—Sub-divisions inwards | about wheel—March—Halt—Dress.

_28. To form Line to the rear on the centre division._

This is a combination of Nos. 26 and 27.

_29. To form Line to the reverse flank on the leading division._

_Divisions right in front._

FORM LINE TO THE RIGHT | _Right division_—Right FLANK ON THE LEADING | wheel—March—Halt—Dress. DIVISION—MARCH. | _Centre, and left divisions_—Left half | turn—March—Front turn—Right | wheel—Halt—Dress.

_Divisions left in front._

FORM LINE TO THE LEFT | _Left division_—Left FLANK ON THE LEADING | wheel—March—Halt—Dress. DIVISION—MARCH. | _Centre, and right divisions_—Right | half turn—March—Front turn—Left | wheel—Halt—Dress.

_30. To wheel into Line._

_Divisions right in front._

LEFT WHEEL INTO | _Nos._ 1. LINE—MARCH. | 1. } Sub-divisions, left | 3. } wheel—Halt—Dress. | 5. } | | 2. } Sub-divisions, right wheel—Right | 4. } about wheel—Halt—Dress. | 6. }

_Divisions left in front._

RIGHT WHEEL INTO | _Nos._ 1. LINE—MARCH. | 2. } Right wheel. | 4. } Halt—Dress. | 6. } | | 1. } Left wheel—Left about wheel. | 3. } Halt—Dress. | 5. }

_31. To deploy on the rear division._

_Note._—All deployments are on the front base.

_Divisions right in front._

DEPLOY ON THE REAR | _Right division_—Right take DIVISION—MARCH. | ground—March—Right take ground—Right | reverse—Halt—Dress. | _Centre division_—Right take | ground—March—Left take | ground—Halt—March—Halt—Dress. | _Left Division_—Forward—March—Trot— | Halt—Dress.

_Divisions left in front._

DEPLOY ON THE REAR | _Left division_—Left take DIVISION—MARCH. | ground—March—Left take ground—Left | reverse—Halt—Dress. | _Centre division_—Left take | ground—March—Right take | ground—Halt—March—Halt—Dress. | _Right division_—Forward—Trot—March— | Halt—Dress.

_For Action._

DEPLOY ON THE REAR | The Divisions all proceed DIVISION, FOR ACTION | as before, except that the FRONT—MARCH. | leading division, instead of | going to the rear and | reversing, comes into action | to the right, or left, when | in its place; the other | divisions come into action | to the front.

_32. To deploy on the Centre division._

DEPLOY ON THE CENTRE | _Right division_—Right take DIVISION—MARCH. | ground—March—Right take ground—Right | reverse—Halt—Dress. | _Centre division_—Forward—Trot—March— | Halt—Dress. | _Left division_—Left take | ground—March—Right take | ground—Halt—Dress.

_33. To countermarch._

THE COLUMN WILL | _The Sub-divisions wheel about_ COUNTERMARCH—DIVISIONS | inwards, and halt on their markers. BY SUB-DIVISIONS | The officers moving up with their INWARDS ABOUT | SUB-DIVISIONS. WHEEL—MARCH—HALT—DRESS. |

_On the March._—The markers fall in rear of their officers.

_34. From Double column of sub-divisions to form Line to the front._

RIGHT AND LEFT OF THE | _Nos._ 1. FRONT, FORM LINE—MARCH. | 2. { Right half turn—Front turn. | 1. { Halt—Dress. | | 5. { Left half turn—Front turn. | 6. { Halt—Dress.

_On the March._—The rear sub-divisions move up at an increased pace.

_For Action._—At the word “MARCH,” the two leading sub-divisions come into action to the front: the other sub-divisions come into action in succession as they arrive in line.

_35. From Double column of sub-divisions, to form line to a flank._

FORM LINE TO THE RIGHT, | _Nos._ 1. ON THE RIGHT HALF | 3. }Right wheel—Halt—Dress. BATTERY—MARCH. | 2. } Forward—Right wheel. | 1. } Halt—Dress. | | 4. } Forward—Right wheel. | 5. } Halt—Dress. | 6. }

_To form Line to the left is done on the same principle._

INSPECTION, AND REVIEW.

_A single Battery._

The Battery is formed in line limbered up; the detachments in the order of march.

The waggons at order—viz., ten yards in rear of their guns.

The Officers at order—viz., the Subalterns one horse’s length in front of, and in the centre of their divisions.

The second Captain on the right of the battery, in line with the Subalterns.

The Staff serjeants on the outer flanks of the waggons.

The Markers move up into the places of their officers.

The Commanding officer in the centre of the battery, one horse’s length in front of the Subalterns.

As the Inspecting Officer arrives, the Officers draw swords and salute; taking the time from the Commanding officer, whose word of command is “GENERAL SALUTE, DRAW SWORDS.” The officers then recover their swords in like manner. As soon as the inspection has been made, the Commanding officer gives the word, “TAKE CLOSE ORDER—MARCH,” when the officers and markers return to their places in line, the officers sloping their swords; and the waggons move up.

_Marching past._

This may be done either by Divisions, or by Half batteries; in the latter case usually at half intervals.

THE BATTERY WILL MARCH PAST.

BREAK INTO COLUMN OF DIVISIONS (OR HALF BATTERIES | AT HALF INTERVALS) TO THE RIGHT—MARCH. |

At thirty yards from the Inspecting officer, the Subaltern officers in command of divisions, or half batteries, give the word, “TAKE ORDER—EYES RIGHT,” and move out one horse’s length in the front of, and in the centre of their divisions. In Half batteries, the two officers of the leading half battery between the guns of it; the officer of the rear half battery in front of his centre gun. The Commanding Officer two horses’ length in front of the battery, and the Second Captain in rear of the battery. The officers salute at six yards distance from the Inspecting officer, and recover their swords at ten yards past him. At twenty yards past, the Subaltern officers in command of divisions (or half batteries) give the word, “TAKE CLOSE ORDER.”

_In trotting past_ the detachments are mounted; the officers remain on the flanks, and carry swords as they pass the Inspecting officer, giving the word, “EYES RIGHT.”

Should a battery be required to _rank past_, it wheels as before, until it arrives on the line of the Inspecting officer, when it halts.

THE BATTERY WILL RANK PAST—MARCH.

The battery advances in a column of route, the officers in front of the guns, the markers, staff-serjeants, and farrier in front of the waggons. The officers and drivers salute, as before. The spare carriages in rear of the divisions to which they belong: the second Captain in rear of the whole.

EQUIPMENT OF A BATTERY.

_Sec. 32. Packing the Intrenching tools, Camp equipage, &c., &c._

1.—In equipping a battery for the march, the stores, intrenching tools, camp equipage, &c., are packed as follows:—

_On gun limber._

Two carbines on the front of the boxes, barrels up. Two fitting ropes on the foot board. One swingletree between the foot board and the splinter bar. One felling axe on the splinter bar, edge inwards. One bill-hook under the foot board. Two spades on the sides of the boxes, and fastened to the splinter bar. One grease tin on the front of the axletree. One pickaxe under the axletree. One prolonge between the boxes, above the washer box. Two water buckets on the back of the axletree. Two corn sacks; two blankets folded (21 inches by 16), on the box lids, the blankets uppermost.

_On gun carriage._

One claw hammer } } On each cheek. One wrench hammer } One pair of pinchers on the cheek. One spare sponge, wadhook, and handspike, under the trail. Two camp kettles in rear of axletree.

The whole of these stores, &c., are buckled on by Nos. 1, and 6.

_On waggon limber._

One picket line on the foot board. One lifting jack on the foot board. One grease tin on the front of the axletree. Two corn sacks, two blankets folded, on the box lids.

These stores are buckled on by Nos. 4, and 5.

_On waggon body._

Four picket posts, two on each side of the boxes. One maul under off end of rear foot board. Spare horse-shoe box, under the front foot board. Grease magazine under near end of rear foot board. Four blankets on the box lids. One camp kettle on the rear of the axletree.

These stores are buckled on by Nos. 2, 3, 7, and 8.

18 POUNDER GUN.

LIMBER.

NEAR BOX. OFF BOX. +--------------+-------------------+ +------------------+--------------+ | 3 solid shot,| | | 6 solid shot. | 3 solid shot,| | under. | | | | under. | | 3 common | | | 12 6 lb. | 3 common | | case, over. | 6 shrapnell. | | | case, over. | | 1 auger. | 6 6lb.}cartridges.| | | 1 hammer. | | 1 corkscrew. | 6 4½ } | | 6 portfires} on | 1 set irons | | 1 clipper | 6 5 oz. bursters. | | slow match } lid.| priming. | | portfire. | 2 fuze boxes. | | | 1 lock. | | 2 files. | 2 fuze bags. | | | 1 powder | | 1 funnel. | 24 fuzes in four | | | horn. | | 1 knife. | bundles. | | | 1 punch. | | 1 mallet. | 1 powder horn. | | | 2 common | | 1 pincers. | quick match. | | | spikes. | | 1 rasp. | needles. | | | 1 spike- | | 1 saw. | worsted. | | | spring. | | 1 scissors. | 6 portfires } on | | | | | 2 setters. | 1 saw. } lid.| | | | | 1 shrapnell | | | | | | scraper. | | | | | +--------------+-------------------+ +------------------+--------------+

MIDDLE BOX. +------------+ |4 couples. | | | |2 linchpins.| | | |2 washers. | +------------+ | | | | +------+-----+ | FORE | BOX. | 10 sets of horse-shoes. | 10 sets of horse-shoes. +-----------------------------+----------------------------+ | 6 shrapnell in two tiers. | 12 solid shot. | | 24 fuzes in four bundles. | 12 6 lb. } cartridges. | | 100 tubes. | 5 4½ lb. } | | 1 spunge. | 6 5 oz. bursters. | | 1 rammer head. | 1 skein slow match. | +-----------------------------+----------------------------+

HIND BOX. +------------------------+----------------------+ | 12 solid shot. | | | 18 6 lb. cartridges. | | | 2 tube boxes. | | | 2 thumb-stalls. | | | 2 portfire sticks. | 6 solid shot in two | | 1 skein slow match. | tiers. | | 1 ditto Hambro’ line. | | | 1 ditto marline. | | | 50 cartridges flannel, | | | empty. | | +------------------------+----------------------+ Grease magazine. 10 sets of horse-shoes.

12 POUNDER MEDIUM GUN.

LIMBER.

NEAR BOX. MIDDLE BOX. OFF BOX. +------------------------+ +--------------------+ +--------------------+ | 9 4 lb. cartridges. | | | | | | 2 fuze bags, 6 in each.| | 6 shrapnell shells.| | 9 4 lb. cartridges.| | Quick match. | | 6 4 lb. cartridges.| | | | 5 portfires } | | 6 4½ oz. bursters. | | 7 portfires on lid.| | } On lid. | | Quick match. | | | | 1 saw } | | | | | +------------------------+ +----------+---------+ +--------------------+ | | | | 3 common case. | | 3 common case. | | | 1 set irons | | | | | priming. | | 2 fuze boxes, 6 in | | | 1 punch. | | each. | | | 100 tubes; 1 tube | | | | | pocket. | +------------------------+ | +--------------------+ | 6 solid shot, in 2 | | | | | tiers. | | | 6 solid shot, in | | 1 auger, 1 corkscrew, | | | two tiers. | | 2 files, 1 funnel, 1 | | | 1 hammer. | | knife, 1 mallet, 2 | | | 1 tin primer. | | needles, 1 pincers, 1 | | | 1 skein, slow | | scissors, 1 setter, 1 | | | match. | | oz. worsted. | | | | +------------------------+ | +--------------------+ | 2 portfire sticks on trail. | OFF AXLETREE BOX. | NEAR AXLETREE BOX. +-------------------+ | +--------------+------+ | | | | 1 washer. | | | | | | 1 linchpin. | | | Slow match. | | | 2 covers. | | | |-----------+----------| 1 gun lock. | | | 1 set irons | | 10 flints. | Slow | | priming. | | 2 couples. |match.| | | | 2 th. stalls.| | | 1 tin primer. | | 2 punches. | | | | | 2 spikes com.| | | | | 1 do. sprg. | | +-------------------+ +--------------+------+ */

MEDIUM 12 POUNDER AMMUNITION WAGGON.

LIMBER.

NEAR BOX. OFF BOX. +--------------+--------------+ +---------------+-------------+ | | 6 solid shot.| | 6 solid shot. | | | | | | | | | 4 shrapnell. | 8 4 lb. | | 8 4 lb. | | | | cartridges. | | cartridges. | | | | | | | | | 40 fuzes, in | 6 portfires, | | 6 portfires, | 4 common | | 4 bundles. | on lid. | | on lid. | case. | | +--------------+ | | | | | 6 shrapnell. | | 1 tube pocket.| | | 1 sk. Hambro’| | | | | | line. | 8 4 lb. | | 100 tubes. | 1 skein of | | | cartridges. | +---------------+ slow match.| | | | | 6 solid shot. | | | 1 sk. | 10 4½oz. | | | | | marline. | bursters. | | 8 4 lb. | | | | | | cartridges. | | | | quick match. | | | | +--------------+--------------+ +---------------+-------------+

MIDDLE BOX. +-------------+ | | | 2 washers. | | | | 2 linchpins.| | | | 2 couples. | | | | | +------+------+ | FORE | BOX. | 15 sets of horse-shoes. | 15 sets of horse-shoes. +---------------------+-----------+----------+---------------------+ | 4 solid shot, under.| 8 shrapnell. | 8 solid shot. | | | | | | | 12 4 lb. cartridges. | | | 4 shrapnell, over. | | 12 4 lb. cartridges.| | | 12 4½oz. bursters. | | | | | | | 48 fuzes, in | Quick match (24 | 1 skein slow match. | | 4 bundles. | lengths). | | +---------------------+----------------------+---------------------+

HIND BOX. +---------------------+---------------------+-------------------+ | 8 solid shot. | 8 solid shot. | 8 solid shot, in | | | | 2 tiers. | | 12 4 lb. cartridges.| 12 4 lb. cartridges.| | | | | 1 spunge head. | | | | | | 50 empty flannel cartridges. | 1 rammer head. | +---------------------+---------------------+-------------------+

9 POUNDER GUN.

LIMBER.

NEAR BOX. OFF BOX. +--------------+-------------------+ +--------------+-------------+ | 4 com. case. | 6 solid shot. | | 6 solid shot.| 4 com. case.| | 1 auger. | | | | | | 1 corkscrew. | 8 2½lb. | | 8 2½lb. | | | 2 files. | cartridges. | | cartridges. | 1 tube | | 1 funnel. | | | | pocket. | | 2 fuze boxes | 6 portfires } On | | 6 portfires, | | | 6 in each. | 1 saw } lid.| | on lid. | | | 1 knife. +-------------------+ | | 100 tubes. | | 1 mallet. | 6 shrapnell. | | Slow match. | | | 2 needles. | 8 2½lb. | | | | | 1 pincers. | cartridges. | +--------------+ 1 tin | | 1 saw set. | 6 3½oz. | | 6 solid shot.| primer. | | 1 scissors. | bursters. | | | | | 1 setter. | Quick match. | | 8 2½lb. | | | 1 oz.worsted.| 2 fuze bags, 6 in | | cartridges. | 1 hammer. | | | each. | | | | +--------------+-------------------+ +--------------+-------------+

MIDDLE BOX. +------------------+ | 1 heavy washer. | | 1 light washer. | | 1 heavy linchpin.| | 1 light linchpin.| | 2 couples. | +------------------+ | 1 rammer head. | +---------+--------+ | 2 portfire sticks on trail. | OFF AXLETREE BOX. | NEAR AXLETREE BOX. +----------------------+ | +--------------+------------+ | | | | 2 covers. | | | Slow match. | | | 1 gun lock. | | | |----+----| 10 flints. | | | | | 1 prim. irons| Slow match,| | 1 set priming irons. | | 2 punches. | 3 lb. | | | | 2 spikes. | | | | | 1 do. spring.| | | 1 tin primer. | | 1 spunge hd. | | | | | 2 th. stalls.| | +----------------------+ +--------------+------------+

9 POUNDER AMMUNITION WAGGON.

LIMBER.

NEAR BOX. OFF BOX. +------------+--------------+ +--------------+-----------+ | | 6 solid shot.| | 6 solid shot.| | | | 8 2½ lb. | | | 4 common | | | cartridges. | | 8 2½ lb. | case. | | 4 common | 6 portfires, | | cartridges. | | | case. | on lid. | MIDDLE BOX. | | | | | slow match. | +------------+ | 6 portfires, | | | +--------------+ | 1 washer. | | on lid. | 1 tube | | | 6 shrapnell. | | | +--------------+ pocket. | | 50 empty | 8 2½ lb. | | 1 linchpin.| | 6 solid shot.| | | flannel | cartridges. | | | | | | | cartridges.| 6 3½ oz. | | 2 couples. | | 8 2½ lb. | | | | bursters. | +------------+ | cartridges. | 100 tubes.| | | 24 fuzes. | | | | | | | | quick match. | | | | slow match. | | +------------+--------------+ +------+-----+ +--------------+-----------+ | FORE | BOX. | 15 sets of horse-shoes. | 15 sets of horse-shoes. +---------------------+----------+---------+-----------------+ | | 8 shrapnell. | | | | | 8 solid shot. | | 16 solid shot. | 13 2½ lb. | | | | cartridges. | 14 2½ lb. | | | | cartridges. | | 9 3 lb. cartridges. | 8 3½ oz. bursters. | | | | | 32 fuzes, in 4 | | | quick match. | bundles. | +---------------------+--------------------+-----------------+

HIND BOX. +-------------------+--------------------+----------------+ | 8 solid shot. | 8 solid shot. | | | | | 16 solid shot, | | 14 2½ lb. | 14 2½ lb. | in 2 tiers. | | cartridges. | cartridges. | | | | | | | 50 empty flannel cartridges. | | | 1 skein marline. | | | 1 ditto Hambro’ line. | | | slow match. | | +-------------------+--------------------+----------------+

LIGHT 6 POUNDER GUN.

NEAR BOX. +---------------+------------------+-------------+ | 4 com. case. | | | | 1 auger. | 8 solid shot. | 8 shrapnell.| | 1 corkscrew. | | | | 2 files. | | 9 1½ lb. | | 1 funnel. | 13 1½ lb. | cartridges.| | 2 fuze boxes, | cartridges. | | | 8 in each, | | 8 2½ oz. | | C. and D. | | bursters. | | 1 knife. | | | | 1 mallet. | | 2 fuze bags,| | 2 needles. | | 8 in each, | | 1 pincers. | | E. and 1 | | 1 saw set. | | inch. | | 1 scissors. | 6 portfires} on | | | 1 setter. | 1 saw } lid.| Quick match.| | 1 oz. worsted.| | | +---------------+------------------+-------------+

OFF BOX. +-------------+-------------+----------+ | | | | | 8 solid | 8 solid | 4 common | | shot. | shot. | case. | | | | | | | | | | 11 1½ lb. | 13 1½ lb. | 1 tin | MIDDLE BOX. | cartridges.| cartridges.| primer. | +------------+ | | | | | 1 washer. | | | | | | | | | | 1 tube | | 1 linchpin.| | 100 tubes. | | pocket. | | | | | 6 portfires | | | 2 couples. | | | on lid. | | +------------+ | Slow match. | | 1 hammer.| | 1 rammer | | | | | | head. | | | | | +------+-----+ +-------------+-------------+----------+ | +------------+ | 2 portfire sticks on trail. | OFF AXLETREE BOX. | NEAR AXLETREE BOX. +--------+--------+--------+ | +----------------+-------------+ | | | | | | 2 covers. | | | 1 com. | 1 com. | 1 com. | | | 10 flints. | | | case. | case. | case. | | | 1 gunlock. | | | | | | | | 1 prim. irons. | Slow match, | +--------+--------+--------|-----+-----| 2 punches. | 3 lb. | | | | 2 spikes cm. | | | 3 solid shot. | | 1 do. spring. | | | | | 1 spunge hd. | | | | | 2 th. stalls. | | +--------------------------+ +----------------+-------------+

LIGHT 6 POUNDER AMMUNITION WAGGON.

LIMBER.

NEAR BOX. +---------+--------------+-------------+ | | | 8 shrapnell.| | | 8 solid shot.| | | | | 11 1½ lb. | | 4 common| | cartridges.| | case, | 12 1½ lb. | | | under. | cartridges. | | | | | 8 2½ oz. | | | | bursters. | | | | | | 4 solid | | 32 fuzes, in| | shot, | slow match. | 4 bundles. | | over. | | | | | | quick match.| | | | | | | 6 portfires, | | | | on lid. | | +---------+--------------+-------------+

OFF BOX. +--------------+--------------+---------+ | | | | | | | | | 8 solid shot.| 8 solid shot.| | | | | 4 common| | 12 1½ lb. | 13 1½ lb. | case, | MIDDLE BOX. | cartridges. | cartridges. | under. | +------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | 1 washer. | | | | | | | | | | 4 solid | | 1 linchpin.| | | | shot, | | | | 100 tubes. | | over. | | 2 couples. | | | 6 portfires, | | +------------+ | slow match. | on lid. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +------+-----+ +--------------+--------------+---------+ | +---------------+ | FORE | BOX: 15 sets of horse-shoes. | 15 sets of horse-shoes. +----------------------+------------+-----------+----------------------+ | | 10 shrapnell. | 15 solid shot. | | | 16 1½ lb. cartridges. | | | 20 solid shot, in | 10 2½ oz. bursters. | 27 1½ lb. cartridges.| | 2 tiers. | 40 fuzes, in 4 bundles.| | | | 100 tubes. | 1 tube pocket. | | 12 1½ lb. cartridges.| quick match. | | | | 6 portfires. | 1 skein marline. | | | slow match. | | +----------------------+------------------------+----------------------+

HIND BOX. +----------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | 15 solid shot. | 10 solid shot. | 30 solid shot, | | | | in 3 tiers. | | 27 1½ lb. cartridges.| 18 1½ lb. cartridges. | | | | | 5½ lb. slow match. | | 100 empty flannel | 1 skein Hambro’ line. | | | cartridges. | | | +----------------------+------------------------+----------------------+

8 INCH HOWITZER.

LIMBER.

NEAR BOX. OFF BOX. +-------------------------+ +----------------------------+ | 2 shrapnell. | | 2 common shells, in 1 tier.| | 6 4 lb. cartridges. | | 6 4 lb. cartridges. | | 6 15 oz. bursters. | | 6 1 lb. 14 oz. bursters. | | 64 shrapnell fuzes, | | 2 tube pockets. | | in 4 bundles. | MIDDLE BOX. | 2 thumb-stalls. | | 2 fuze bags. | +------------+ | 100 tubes. | | 6 fuze boxes. | | 2 couples. | | 6 portfires, on lid. | | 6 portfires, on lid. | | | | | +------------+------------+ | 1 linchpin.| +--------------+-------------+ | | | | | | 2 common | 2 common | |2 shrapnell,|2 shrapnell,| | 1 washer. | | shells, in | shells, in | | in 2 tiers.| in 2 tiers.| | | | 2 tiers. | 2 tiers. | | | | +------------+ | 1 skein slow | 15 common | | | | | | | match. | fuzes. | +------------+------------+ +------+-----+ +--------------+-------------+ | WAGGON | BODY. | FORE | BOX. 10 sets of horse-shoes. | 10 sets of horse-shoes. +-------------------+----------+----------+-------------------+ | | | 1 shrapnell, | | 2 shrapnell, in | | under. | | 2 tiers. | 8 4 lb. cartridges. | 1 common case, | | | | over. | +-------------------+ 7 15 oz. bursters. +-------------------+ | | | 2 shrapnell, in | | 2 shrapnell, in | 28 shrapnell fuzes, | 2 tiers. | | 2 tiers. | in 4 bundles. | | | | | 1 skein—match. | +-------------------+---------------------+-------------------+

HIND BOX. +-------------------+---------------------+-------------------+ | 1 common shell, | | | | under. | | 2 common shells, | | 1 common case, | 8 4 lb. cartridges. | in 2 tiers. | | over. | | | +-------------------+ 6 1 lb. 14 oz. +-------------------+ | 1 common shell, | bursters. | | | under. | | 2 common shells, | | 1 common case, | 50 empty flannel | in 2 tiers. | | over. | cartridges. | | | 1 skein Hambro’ | | 1 skein marline. | | line. | | | +-------------------+---------------------+-------------------+

32 POUNDER HOWITZER.

LIMBER.

NEAR BOX. OFF BOX. +---------------------+ +---------------------+ | | | | | 2 shrapnell. | | 2 common shells. | | | | | | 2 3 lb. cartridges. | | 2 3 lb. cartridges. | | | | | | 2 7 oz. bursters. | | 2 12 oz. bursters. | | | MIDDLE BOX. | | +---------------------+ +-------------+ +---------------------+ | | | 2 common | | | | 4 shrapnell. | | case. | | 4 common shells. | | | | | | | | 4 3 lb. cartridges. | | 2 3 lb. | | 4 3 lb. cartridges. | | | | cartridges. | | | | 4 7 oz. bursters. | +-------------+ | 4 12 oz. bursters. | | | | | | | +---------------------+ +------+------+ +---------------------+ | 2 portfire sticks on trail. | OFF AXLETREE BOX. | NEAR AXLETREE BOX. +-----------------+ | +------------------+ | | | | | | | | | Slow match. | | |-------+-------| | | | +------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | +-----------------+ +------------------+

32-POUNDER HOWITZER AMMUNITION WAGGON.

NEAR BOX. +-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | | | | | 12 3 lb. | 4 shrapnell.| | 2 shrapnell,| cartridges.| | | in 2 tiers.| | | | | 10 7 oz. | 2 common | | | bursters. | case. | | | | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+ OFF BOX. +---------+-------------+---------+ | | | | | | | | | 6 common| 12 3 lb. | 6 common| MIDDLE BOX. | shells,| cartridges.| shells,| +---------+ | in 2 | | in 2 | | | | tiers. | 12 12 oz. | tiers. | | | | | bursters. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +----+----+ +---------+-------------+---------+ | +------+ | FORE | BOX. 10 sets of horse-shoes. | 10 sets of horse-shoes. +-------------------+----------+---------+---------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | 6 shrapnell. | 3 common shells. | | 6 shrapnell, | | | | in 2 tiers. | 9 3 lb. cartridges.| 6 3 lb. cartridges. | | | | | | | 12 7 oz. bursters. | 3 12 oz. bursters. | | | | | | | | | +-------------------+--------------------+---------------------+

HIND BOX. +--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | | | | | | | | | 3 common shells. | 6 common shells. | | | | | 6 common shells, | | 6 3 lb. cartridges.| 9 3 lb. cartridges.| in 2 tiers. | | | | | | 6 12 oz. bursters. | 9 12 oz. bursters. | | | | | | | | | | +--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ grease magazine. 10 sets of horse-shoes.

24-POUNDER HOWITZER.

LIMBER.

NEAR BOX. OFF BOX. +----------------------------+ +-------------------------+ | 12 2½ lb. cartridges; 12 | | 12 2½ lb. cartridges; | | 6 oz. bursters; 1 auger; 1 | | 8 10 oz. bursters; 10 | | corkscrew; 1 funnel; 2 fuze| | common fuzes; 1 pr. | | boxes; 2 fuze bags, 12 | | compasses; 2 files; 1 | | fuzes in each; 50 empty | | rasp; 1 rule; 1 scraper;| | flannel cartridges; 1 | | 1 tube pocket; 100 | | knife; 1 mallet; 2 needles;| | tubes; 1 tin primer. | | 1 pr. pincers; 1 saw set; 1| MIDDLE BOX. +-------------------------+ | pr. scissors; 2 setters; 1 | +-------------+ | 4 common shells } lower | | oz. worsted; quick match. | | 2 washers. | | 2 common case } tier. | +----------------------------+ | | | | | | | 2 linchpins.| | 4 common shells } upper | | 12 shrapnell, in 2 tiers. | | | | 2 common case } tier. | | | | 2 couples. | | | | 6 portfires } | +-------------+ | 6 portfires on lid. | | 1 saw } on lid. | | | | slow match. | | | | | | 1 hammer. | +----------------------------+ +------+------+ +-------------------------+ | 2 portfire sticks on trail. | OFF AXLETREE BOX. | NEAR AXLETREE BOX. +----------------------+ | +------------------------+ | | | | Slow match. | | Slow match. | | +------------------------+ | | | | 1 set priming irons; | | 1 set priming irons. |--------+--------| 2 covers; 10 flints; | | | | 1 gunlock; 2 punches; | | 1 tin primer. | | 1 spring spike; 2 com. | | | | spikes; 2 thumb-stalls.| +----------------------+ +------------------------+

24-POUNDER HOWITZER AMMUNITION WAGGON.

LIMBER.

NEAR BOX. OFF BOX. +--------------------------+ +--------------------------+ | 12 2½ lb. cartridges. | | 12 2½ lb. cartridges. | | 12 6 oz. bursters. | | 8 10 oz. bursters. | | 48 shrapnell fuzes, in 4 | | 10 common fuzes. | | bundles. | MIDDLE BOX. | 1 tube pocket. 100 tubes.| | quick match. | +------------+ +--------------------------+ | | | 1 washer. | | 4 common shells } lower | +--------------------------+ | 1 linchpin.| | 2 common case } tier. | | | | 2 couples. | | 4 common shells } upper | | 12 shrapnell, in 2 tiers.| +------------+ | 2 common case } tier. | | 6 portfires, on lid. | | | | 6 portfires on lid. | | | | | | slow match. | +--------------------------+ +------+-----+ +--------------------------+ | FORE | BOX. | 15 sets of horse-shoes. | 15 sets of horse-shoes. +----------------+------+-----------------------+ | 18 2½ lb. | | | cartridges. | | | 18 6 oz. | 18 shrapnell in 2 tiers. | | bursters. | | | 72 shrapnell | | | fuzes, in 4 | 1 skein of slow match. | | bundles. | | | Quick match. | | +----------------+------------------------------+

HIND BOX. +-------------------------------+---------------+ | 7 common shells } | | | 2 carcasses } lower tier. | | | 9 common shells, upper tier. | 18 2½ lb. | | 1 skein marline. | cartridges. | | 1 skein Hambro’ line. | | | 1 spunge head. | 16 10 oz. | | 1 rammer head. | bursters. | | 50 empty flannel cartridges. | | | 20 common fuzes. | | +-------------------------------+---------------+

12-POUNDER HOWITZER.

LIMBER.

NEAR BOX. +-----------------+--------------+ | 12 shrapnell, | 6 shrapnell. | | in 2 tiers. | 18 1¼ lb. | | 1 auger. | cartridges. | | 1 corkscrew. | 18 4½ oz. | | 1 funnel. | bursters. | | 1 knife. | 2 fuze boxes.| | 1 mallet. | (C and D), | | 2 needles. | 16 in each. | | 1 pr. pincers. | 2 fuze bags, | | 1 saw set. | (E and 1 | | 1 pr. scissors. | inch,) 18 | | 2 setters. | in each. | | 1 oz. worsted. | quick match. | | 72 fuzes. | 6 portfires, | | | on lid. | +-----------------+--------------+

OFF BOX. +--------------+------------------+ | 2 common | 12 common | | shells | shells, in 2 | | 4 common | tiers. | | case. | 1 compasses. | | 18 1¼ lb. | 17 common fuzes. | | cartridges. | 2 files. | | 14 5 oz. | 1 hammer. | MIDDLE BOX. | bursters. | 1 rasp. | +-------------+ | | 1 rule. | | 1 washer. | | | 1 shell scraper. | | 1 linchpin. | | 6 portfires, | slow match. | | 2 couples. | | on lid. | 1 tin primer. | +-------------+ | 1 saw, | 100 tubes. | | | | on lid. | 1 tube pocket. | | | | | | +------+------+ +--------------+------------------+ | +--------+ | 2 portfire sticks on trail. | OFF AXLETREE BOX. | NEAR AXLETREE BOX. +--------------------+ | +----------------+--------+ | | | | 2 covers. | | | | | | 10 flints. | | | slow match. | | | 1 gun lock. | | | 1 set priming |-------+-------| 1 prim. irons. | Slow | | irons. | | 2 punches. | match. | | 1 tin primer. | | 2 com. spikes. | | | | | 1 spg. spike. | | | | | 2 thb. stalls. | | +--------------------+ +----------------+--------+

12-POUNDER HOWITZER AMMUNITION WAGGON.

LIMBER.

NEAR BOX. +--------------+--------------+ | 12 shrapnell,| 6 shrapnell. | | in 2 tiers. | | | | 18 1¼ lb. | | 72 fuzes, in | cartridges. | | 4 bundles. | | | | 18 4½ oz. | | Slow match. | bursters. | | | | | 6 portfires, | quick match. | | on lid. | | +--------------+--------------+

OFF BOX. +--------------+---------------+ | 2 common | 12 common | | shells. | shells, in 2 | MIDDLE BOX. | 4 common | tiers. | +-------------+ | case. | 17 common | | 1 washer. | | 18 1¼ lb. | fuzes. | | 1 linchpin. | | cartridges. | slow match. | | 2 couples. | | 14 4½ oz. | 1 shell | +-------------+ | bursters. | scraper. | | | | 6 portfires. | 100 tubes. | | | | | 1 tube pocket.| +------+------+ +--------------+---------------+ | +-----+ | FORE | BOX. | 15 sets of horse-shoes. | 15 sets of horse-shoes. +-----------------+--------+--------+-----------------+ | 16 shrapnell, | 28 1¼ | 16 shrapnell, | | in 2 tiers. | cartridges. | in 2 tiers. | | 8 1¼ lb. | | | | cartridges, | 32 4½ oz. | 64 fuzes in 2 | | over. | bursters. | bundles. | | 64 fuzes in 2 | | | | bundles. | quick match. | slow match. | +-----------------+--------+--------+-----------------+

HIND BOX. +--------------+-----------+--+-----------------------+ | 16 common | | 4 com. shells } | | shells, in | 28 1¼ lb. | 4 carcasses } under.| | 2 tiers. | cartridges. | 8 common shells, | | 34 common | | above. | | fuzes. | | 1 skein Hambro’ line. | | 100 flannel | 28 5 oz. | 1 skein marline. | | cartridges, | bursters. | 1 rammer head. | | empty. | | 1 spunge head. | +--------------+--------------+-----------------------+

_Sec. 34. Weight of Riders, Harness, Ordnance, Carriages, &c., of a Field battery equipped._

st. lb. { Riding set of harness, with head-collar and chain 4 8 { Driver, in marching order (including greatcoat { and apron) 12 3 { ------ Lead { Total weight carried by riding horse 16 11 { ------ { Off set, with head-collar, chain, &c., and man’s { kitt 5 4

{ Riding set of harness, with head-collar and chain 5 0 { Driver, in marching order (including greatcoat { and apron) 12 3 { ------ Wheel { Total weight carried by riding horse 17 3 { ------ { Off set of harness, with head-collar, chain, &c., { and man’s kitt 6 2

Mounted N. C. officer’s appointments, including greatcoat, apron, and kitt 5 2 Non-commissioned officer 12 10 ------ Total weight carried by horse 17 12 ------

The average weight of an Artillery horse is 10 cwt. 2 qrs.

ORDNANCE, CARRIAGES, AND STORES.

+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | |12-pounder.| 9-pounder.| 24-pounder| 12-pounder| Light | | | | | howitzer.| howitzer.| 6-pounder.| | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | |cwt.qrs.lb.|cwt.qrs.lb.|cwt.qrs.lb.|cwt.qrs.lb.|cwt.qrs.lb.| |Gun, carriage, and | | | | | | limber | 39 2 15 | 33 1 23 | 32 3 3 | 24 2 7 | 23 3 11 | |Side arms, intrenching tools, | | | | | &c. | 3 14 | 3 10 | 2 25 | 2 23 | 3 2 | |Ammunition,| | | | | | | &c. | 3 3 17 | 3 3 20 | 4 3 25 | 3 3 15 | 3 2 16 | | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Total | 44 1 18 | 38 0 25 | 38 1 25 | 29 0 17 | 27 1 1 | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ |Waggon limber & body, | | | | | | including spare | | | | | | wheel | 19 1 14 | 19 0 26 | 17 0 25 | 17 0 25 | 18 2 26 | |Stores, intrenching tools, | | | | | spare horse-shoes, | | | | | | &c. | 4 0 7 | 4 0 7 | 4 0 7 | 4 0 7 | 4 0 7 | |Ammunition | 11 3 26 | 10 3 16 | 12 0 5 | 10 1 9 | 10 2 8 | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Total | 35 1 19 | 34 0 21 | 33 1 9 | 31 2 13 | 33 1 13 | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+

[Illustration: _OFF LEADER._

_SHAFT HARNESS._]

_OFF LEADER_

A _Pad or Off Saddle_ B _Surcingle_ C _Girth of the Pad_ D _Pannel of D^o_ E _Pad Staples_ F _Trace_ G _Pipe of D^o_ H _Hook of D^o_ I _Belly Band of D^o_ J _Trace Lines_ K _Bearing Strap_ L _Buckling Piece of D^o_ M _Hip Strap_ N _Buckling Piece of D^o_ O _Crupper_ P _Crupper Ring_ Q _Buckling Piece of Crupper_ R _Collar_ S _The Hames_ T _The Housing_ U _The Housing Strap_ V _Shoulder Link & Hook_ W _Breast Chains or Links_ X _Wither Strap_ Y _Bearing Hook_ Z _Cantle of Pad_ a _Sheepskin_ b _Valise_ c _Baggage Strap_ d _Mess Tin_ e _D^o. Strap_ f _Buckle of D^o_ g _Wooden Canteen_ h _Forage Cord_ i _Nose Bag_

_THE BRIDLE._

1 _Winker_ 2 _Front or Brow Band_ 3 _Cheek_ 4 _Cheek Billets_ 5 _Throat Lash_ 6 _Bearing Rein_ 7 _Bit_ 8 _Cheek of D^o_ 9 _Leading Rein_ 10 _Bar of the Bit_ 11 _Head-Collar_ 12 _Nose Band_ 13 _Collar Chain_ 14 _Jowl Strap_ 15 _Side Rein_

_SHAFT HARNESS._

k _Pad or off Saddle_ l _Back Band_ m _Shaft Tugs_ n _Bearing Strap_ o _Breeching_ r _Strap of Breeching_ s _Loin Strap_ t _Hip Strap_

DETAIL OF A 9-POUNDER TROOP OF ROYAL HORSE ARTILLERY FOR ACTIVE SERVICE, WITH THE ARMY IN THE EAST.

Key: A = Number of Carriages. C = Gunners. D = Drivers. E = Riding. F = Draught. G = Total. K = Sets of Appointments N. C. Officers and Men. L = Harness Sets Double. M = Lead. N = Wheel.

+---+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+----+---------+ | | | Men. | Horses. | | L | | | EQUIPMENT. +----+----+----+----+----+----+ +----+----+ | A | | C | D | G | E | F | G | K | M | N | +---+-----------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ | 4 | 9-Pounder Guns | 40 | 16 | 56 | 40 | 32 | 72 | 40 | 12 | 4 | | 2 | 24-Pounder Howitzers | 20 | 8 | 28 | 20 | 16 | 36 | 20 | 6 | 2 | | 6 | Gun Ammunition Waggons| 12 | 18 | 30 | 4 | 36 | 40 | 4 | 12 | 6 | | 5 | Howitzer Ammunition | | | | | | | | | | | | Waggons | 10 | 15 | 25 | 2 | 30 | 32 | 2 | 10 | 5 | | 1 | Store Limber Waggon | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Spare Gun Carriage | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Forge | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Rocket Carriage | . | 4 | 4 | . | 8 | 8 | . | 3 | 1 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | . | . | 1 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | . | . | 1 | | 2 | Light Forage Waggons | . | 4 | 4 | . | 8 | 8 | . | 2 | 2 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | . | . | 3 | | . | For 2 Staff Serjeants, } | | | | | | | | | | | 2 Trumpeters, } | | | | | | | | | | | 1 Farrier, } | | | | | | | | | | | 3 Shoeing-Smiths } . | . | . | 8 | . | 8 | 8 | . | . | | . | Spare Men, Officers’ } | | | | | | | | | | | Servants and Bâtmen,} | | | | | | | | | | | &c., and Spare } | | | | | | | | | | | Horses } 15 | 44 | 59 | 6 | 16 | 22 | . | 4 | 4 | | . | Officers’ Horses | . | . | . | 12 | . | 12 | . | . | . | | . | Bât Horses | . | . | . | . | 6 | 6 | . | . | . | +---+ +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ |28 |Total Carriages. Total | 97 |123 |220 | 92 |180 |272 | 74 | 55 | 32 | +---+-----------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+

+--------------------------------------------------+ | { Captain 1 | | Officers. { Second Captain 1 | | { Lieutenants 3 | | { Assist.-Surgeon 1 | | | | { Staff Serjeants 2 | | { Serjeants 8 | | Non-Commissioned { Corporals 4 | | Officers and { Bombardiers 6 | | Men. { Gunners 97 | | { Drivers 123 | | { Trumpeter 1 | | | | { Farrier 1 | | Artificers. { Shoeing-smiths 6 | | { Collar-makers 3 | | { Wheelers 2 | | ----- | | | | Total 259 | +--------------------------------------------------+

DETAIL OF THE RESERVE OF GUN AND SMALL ARM AMMUNITION, ROYAL HORSE ARTILLERY, FOR ACTIVE SERVICE WITH THE CAVALRY OF THE ARMY IN THE EAST.

Key: A = Number of Carriages. C = Gunners. D = Drivers. E = Riding. F = Draught. G = Total. K = Sets of Appointments N. C. Officers and Men. L = Harness Sets Double. M = Lead. N = Wheel.

+---+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+----+---------+ | | | Men. | Horses. | | L | | | DISTRIBUTION. +----+----+----+----+----+----+ +----+----+ | A | | C | D | G | E | F | G | K | M | N | +---+-----------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ |12 | Gun Ammunition Waggons| . | 36 | 36 | . | 72 | 72 | . | 24 | 12 | | 6 | Howitzer Ammunition | | | | | | | | | | | | Waggons | . | 18 | 18 | . | 36 | 36 | . | 12 | 6 | | 6 | Carbine Ammunition | | | | | | | | | | | | Waggons | . | 18 | 18 | . | 36 | 36 | . | 12 | 6 | | 1 | Store Limber Waggon | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Forge | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | . | 2 | 1 | | . | 2 Portable Forges | 2 | . | 2 | 2 | . | 2 | . | . | . | | 3 | Light Forage Waggons | . | 6 | 6 | . | 12 | 12 | . | 3 | 3 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | . | . | 3 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | . | . | 1 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | . | . | 1 | | | { 2 Staff Serjeants,} | | | | | | | | | | | | { 9 Serjeants, } | | | | | | | | | | | | { 6 Corporals, } | | | | | | | | | | | . | { 6 Bombardiers, } | . | . | . | 30 | . | 30 | 30 | . | . | | | { 3 Trumpeters, } | | | | | | | | | | | | { 1 Farrier, } | | | | | | | | | | | | { 3 Shoeing-Smiths} | | | | | | | | | | | . | Servants and Bâtmen | 7 | 7 | 14 | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Mounted Gunners | 48 | . | 48 | 48 | . | 48 | 48 | . | . | | . | Spare Men | 49 | 50 | 99 | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Spare Horses | . | . | . | 12 | 42 | 54 | 8 | 10 | 10 | +---+ +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ |34 | Total Carriages. Total|106 |146 |252 | 92 |220 |312 | 86 | 65 | 44 | +---+-----------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+

+-------------------------------------------------+ | { Captain 1 | | Officers. { Second Captain 1 | | { Lieutenants 4 | | { Assist.-Surgeon 1 | | | | { Staff Serjeants 2 | | { Serjeants 9 | | Non-Commissioned { Corporals 6 | | Officers and { Bombardiers 6 | | Men. { Gunners 106 | | { Drivers 146 | | { Trumpeter 1 | | | | { Farrier 1 | | Artificers. { Shoeing-smiths 8 | | { Collar-makers 4 | | { Wheelers 4 | | --- | | Total 300 | +-------------------------------------------------+

DETAIL OF A 9-POUNDER FIELD BATTERY, ROYAL ARTILLERY, FOR ACTIVE SERVICE WITH THE ARMY IN THE EAST.

Key: A = Number of Carriages. C = Gunners. D = Drivers. E = Riding. F = Draught. G = Total. H = Sets of Appointments. I = Officers. J = N. C. Officers. L = Harness Sets Double. M = Lead. N = Wheel.

+---+-----------------------+--------------+-----------+-------+-------+ | | | Men. | Horses. | H | L | | | EQUIPMENT. +----+----+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | A | | C and D | G | E | F | G | I | J | M | N | +---+-----------------------+----+----+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | 4 | 9-Pounder Guns | 40 | 16 | 56 | . | 32| 32| . | . | 12| 4 | | 2 | 24-Pounder Howitzers | 20 | 8 | 28 | . | 16| 16| . | . | 6 | 2 | | 6 | Gun Ammunition Waggons| 12 | 18 | 30 | . | 36| 36| . | . | 12| 6 | | 5 | Howitzer Ammunition | | | | | | | | | | | | | Waggons | 10 | 15 | 25 | . | 30| 30| . | . | 10| 5 | | 1 | Store Limber Waggon | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | . | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Spare Gun Carriage | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | . | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Forge | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | . | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Rocket Carriage | . | 4 | 4 | . | 8 | 8 | . | . | 3 | 1 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | . | . | . | 1 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | . | . | . | 1 | | 2 | Light Forage Waggons | . | 4 | 4 | . | 8 | 8 | . | . | 2 | 2 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | . | . | . | 3 | | . | For Staff-Serjeants }| | | | | | | | | | | | | and mounted Non-Com.}| . | . | . | 14| . | 14| . | 14| . | . | | | Officers }| | | | | | | | | | | | | For Trumpeters | . | . | . | 2 | . | 2 | . | 2 | . | . | | | For Farrier | . | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | . | 1 | . | . | | | For Shoeing-smiths | . | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Spare Men, Officers’ }| | | | | | | | | | | | | Servants and Bâtmen,}| | | | | | | | | | | | | &c., and Spare }| 15 | 24 | 39 | 2 | 20| 22| . | 1 | 3 | 3 | | | Horses }| | | | | | | | | | | | . | Officers’ Horses | . | . | . | 6 | . | 6 | 6 | . | . | . | | . | Bât Horses | . | . | . | . | 6 | 6 | . | . | . | . | +---+-----------------------+----+----+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |28 | Total Carriages. Total| 97 |103 |200 | 26|184|210| 6 | 19| 54| 31| +---+-----------------------+----+----+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

+-------------------------------------------------+ | { Captain 1 | | Officers. { Second Captain 1 | | { Lieutenants 3 | | { Assist.-Surgeon 1 | | | | { Staff-Serjeants 2 | | { Serjeants 8 | | Non-Commissioned { Corporals 5 | | Officers and { Bombardiers 7 | | Men. { Gunners } 200 | | { Drivers } | | { Trumpeters 2 | | | | { Farrier 1 | | { Shoeing-smiths 6 | | Artificers. { Collar-makers 3 | | { Wheelers 2 | | --- | | Total 242 | +-------------------------------------------------+

9-POUNDER FIELD BATTERY, ROYAL ARTILLERY.—DETAIL OF THE RIGHT DIVISION.

Key: A = Number of Carriages. B = N. C. Officers and Artificers. C = Gunners. D = Drivers. E = Riding. F = Draught. H = Sets of Appointments. I = Officers. J = N. C. Officers. L = Harness Sets Double. M = Lead. N = Wheel.

+---+--------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | NO. 1 SUB-DIVISION. | | | +---+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | EQUIPMENT. | | Men. |Horses.| H | L | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | A | | B | C | D | E | F | I | J | N | M | +---+--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | 2 | 9-Pounder Gun | . |10 | 4 | . | 8 | . | . | 1 | 3 | | 3 | Gun Amm. Wag. | . | 2 | 3 | . | 6 | . | . | 1 | 2 | | 1 | Forge | . | . | 3 | . | 6 | . | . | 1 | 2 | | 1 | Forage Waggon | . | . | 2 | . | 4 | . | . | 1 | 1 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | 1 | Water Cart | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Staff Serjeants | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Serjeants | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Corporals | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Bombardiers | 2 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Trumpeters | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Farriers | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Shoeing-smiths | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Collar-maker | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | For Officers | . | . | . | 1 | 1 | 1 | . | . | . | | . | Spare | . | 4 | 4 | . | 4 | . | . | 1 | . | +---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | 9 | Total. | 6 |16 |16 | 5 |29 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 8 | +---+--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

+---+--------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | NO. 2 SUB-DIVISION. | | | +---+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | EQUIPMENT. | | Men. |Horses.| H | L | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | A | | B | C | D | E | F | I | J | N | M | +---+--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | 2 | 9-Pounder Gun | . |10 | 4 | . | 8 | . | . | 1 | 3 | | 3 | Gun Amm. Wag. | . | 4 | 6 | . |12 | . | . | 2 | 4 | | 1 | Forge | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | 1 | Forage Waggon | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | 1 | Store Cart | . | . | 1 | . | 2 | . | . | 1 | . | | 1 | Water Cart | . | . | 1 | . | 2 | . | . | 1 | . | | . | Staff Serjeants | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Serjeants | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Corporals | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Bombardiers | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Trumpeters | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Farriers | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Shoeing-smiths | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Collar-maker | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | For Officers | . | . | . | 1 | 1 | 1 | . | . | . | | . | Spare | . | 2 | 4 | . | 4 | . | . | . | 1 | +---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | 9 | Total. | 6 |16 |16 | 4 |29 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 8 | +---+--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

+-------------------------------------------------+ | Officers. { 1st Captain (No. 2.) 1 | | { Senior Lieut. (No. 1.) 1 | | | | { Staff Serjeant 1 | | { Serjeants 2 | | Non-Commissioned { Corporal 1 | | Officers and { Bombardiers 3 | | Men. { Gunners 32 | | { Drivers 32 | | { Trumpeter 1 | | | | { Farrier 1 | | Artificers. { Shoeing-smiths 2 | | { Collar-maker 1 | | | | Horses. { Riding 9 | | { Draught 58 | | | | Appointments. { Officers 2 | | { N. C. Officers 7 | | | | Harness. { Wheel 10 | | { Lead 16 | +-------------------------------------------------+

N. B.—The Gunners attached to first line of waggons are the Officers’ Servants and Bâtmen, viz.—2 to each sub-division. The mounted Coverers or Horseholders may be taken from either full Non-Commissioned Officers or the acting Bombardiers, of whom 12 are allowed to be made, at the discretion of the officer commanding.

9-POUNDER FIELD BATTERY, ROYAL ARTILLERY.—DETAIL OF CENTRE DIVISION.

Key: A = Number of Carriages. B = N. C. Officers and Artificers. C = Gunners. D = Drivers. E = Riding. F = Draught. H = Sets of Appointments. I = Officers. J = N. C. Officers. L = Harness Sets Double. M = Lead. N = Wheel.

+---+--------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | NO. 3 SUB-DIVISION. | | | +---+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | EQUIPMENT. | | Men. |Horses.| H | L | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | A | | B | C | D | E | F | I | J | N | M | +---+--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | 2 | 24-Pr. Howitzers | . |10 | 4 | . | 8 | . | . | 1 | 3 | | 5 | How. Amm. Wag. | . | 4 | 6 | . |12 | . | . | 2 | 4 | | 1 | Spare Gun Carriage | . | . | 3 | . | 6 | . | . | 1 | 2 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 | . | | 1 | Water Cart | . | . | 1 | . | 2 | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Serjeants | 2 | . | . | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Corporals | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Bombardiers | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Wheeler (senior) | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Collar-maker | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Shoeing-smith | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | For Officers | . | . | . | 1 | 1 | 1 | . | . | . | | . | Spare | . | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | . | 1 | 1 | . | +---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |10 | Total. | 6 |16 |18 | 4 |32 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 9 | +---+--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

+---+--------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | NO. 4 SUB-DIVISION. | | | +---+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | EQUIPMENT. | | Men. |Horses.| H | L | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | A | | B | C | D | E | F | I | J | N | M | +---+--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | 2 | 24-Pr. Howitzers | . |10 | 4 | . | 8 | . | . | 1 | 3 | | 5 | How. Amm. Wag. | . | 6 | 9 | . |18 | . | . | 3 | 6 | | 1 | Spare Gun Carriage | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | . | 1 | . | 2 | . | . | 1 | . | | 1 | Water Cart | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Serjeants | 2 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Corporals | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Bombardiers | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Wheeler (senior) | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Collar-maker | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Shoeing-smith | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | For Officers | . | . | . | 1 | 1 | 1 | . | . | . | | . | Spare | . | 1 | 4 | . | 3 | . | . | . | 1 | +---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |10 | Total. | 6 |17 |18 | 4 |30 | 1 | 3 | 5 |10 | +---+--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

+-------------------------------------------------+ | Officers. { Junior Lieut. (No. 3.) 1 | | { Assist.-Surgeon (No. 4.) 1 | | | | { Serjeants 4 | | Non-Commissioned { Corporals 2 | | Officers and { Bombardiers 2 | | Men. { Gunners 33 | | { Drivers 36 | | | | { Wheeler (senior) 1 | | Artificers. { Collar-maker 1 | | { Shoeing-smiths 2 | | | | Horses. { Riding 8 | | { Draught 62 | | | | Appointments. { Officers 2 | | { N. C. Officers 6 | | | | Harness. { Wheel 11 | | { Lead 19 | +-------------------------------------------------+

9-POUNDER FIELD BATTERY, ROYAL ARTILLERY.—DETAIL OF THE LEFT DIVISION.

Key: A = Number of Carriages. B = N. C. Officers and Artificers. C = Gunners. D = Drivers. E = Riding. F = Draught. H = Sets of Appointments. I = Officers. J = N. C. Officers. L = Harness Sets Double. M = Lead. N = Wheel.

+---+--------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | NO. 5 SUB-DIVISION. | | | +---+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | EQUIPMENT. | | Men. |Horses.| H | L | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | A | | B | C | D | E | F | I | J | N | M | +---+--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | 2 | 9-Pounder Guns | . |10 | 4 | . | 8 | . | . | 1 | 3 | | 3 | Gun Amm. Wag. | . | 4 | 6 | . |12 | . | . | 2 | 4 | | 1 | Store Limber Wag. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | 1 | Forage Waggon | . | . | 2 | . | 4 | . | . | 1 | 1 | | 1 | Rocket Carriage | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | 1 | Water Cart | . | . | 1 | . | 2 | . | . | 1 | . | | . | Staff Serjeant | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Serjeant | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Corporal | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Bombardier | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Wheeler | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Collar-maker | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Shoeing-smith | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Trumpeters | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | For Officers | . | . | . | 1 | 1 | 1 | . | . | . | | . | Spare | . | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | . | . | . | 1 | +---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | 9 | Total. | 6 |16 |17 | 5 |30 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 9 | +---+--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

+---+--------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | | NO. 6 SUB-DIVISION. | | | +---+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | EQUIPMENT. | | Men. |Horses.| H | L | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | A | | B | C | D | E | F | I | J | N | M | +---+--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | 2 | 9-Pounder Guns | . |10 | 4 | . | 8 | . | . | 1 | 3 | | 3 | Gun Amm. Wag. | . | 2 | 3 | . | 6 | . | . | 1 | 2 | | 1 | Store Limber Wag. | . | . | 3 | . | 6 | . | . | 1 | 2 | | 1 | Forage Waggon | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | 1 | Rocket Carriage | . | 3 | 4 | . | 8 | . | . | 1 | 3 | | 1 | Water Cart | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Staff Serjeant | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Serjeant | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Corporal | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | Bombardier | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Wheeler | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Collar-maker | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Shoeing-smith | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | | . | Trumpeters | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | 1 | . | . | | . | For Officers | . | . | . | 1 | 1 | 1 | . | . | . | | . | Spare | . | 1 | 4 | . | 3 | . | . | 1 | . | +---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | 9 | Total. | 6 |16 |18 | 4 |32 | 1 | 3 | 5 |10 | +---+--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

+-------------------------------------------------+ | Officers. { 2nd Capt. (No. 5) 1 | | { 2nd Sen. Lieut. (6) 1 | | | | { Staff Serjeant 1 | | { Serjeants 2 | | Non-Commissioned { Corporals 2 | | Officers and { Bombardiers 2 | | Men. { Gunners 35 | | { Drivers 32 | | { Trumpeter 1 | | | | { Wheeler 1 | | Artificers. { Col.-maker (sen.) 1 | | { Shoeing-smith 1 | | | | Horses. { Riding 9 | | { Draught 62 | | | | Appointments. { Officers 2 | | { N. C. Officers 6 | | | | Harness. { Wheel 10 | | { Lead 19 | +-------------------------------------------------+

DETAIL OF AN 18-POUNDER FIELD BATTERY, ROYAL ARTILLERY, FOR ACTIVE SERVICE WITH THE ARMY IN THE EAST.

Key: A = Number of Carriages. C = Gunners. D = Drivers. E = Riding. F = Draught. G = Total. H = Sets of Appointments. I = Officers. J = N. C. Officers. L = Harness Sets Double. M = Lead. N = Wheel.

+---+-------------------------------+--------------+--------------+ | | | Men. | Horses. | | | EQUIPMENT. +----+----+----+----+----+----+ | A | | C and D | G | E | F | G | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+ | 4 | 18-Pounder Guns | 56 | 24 | 80 | . | 48 | 48 | |12 | Gun Ammunition Waggons | 24 | 36 | 60 | . | 72 | 72 | | 2 | Store Limber Waggons | . | 6 | 6 | . | 12 | 12 | | 1 | Spare Gun Carriage | . | 4 | 4 | . | 8 | 8 | | 1 | Platform Waggon | . | 4 | 4 | . | 8 | 8 | | 1 | Forge | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | | 2 | Light Forage Waggons | . | 4 | 4 | . | 8 | 8 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | . | For { Staff-Serjeants and } | . | . | . | 10 | . | 10 | | | { Non-Commissioned } | | | | | | | | | { Officers } | | | | | | | | | { Trumpeters | . | . | . | 2 | . | 2 | | | { Farrier | . | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | | | { Shoeing-Smith | . | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | | . | { Spare Men, Officers’ } | 15 | 24 | 39 | 2 | 20 | 22 | | | { Servants and Bâtmen, } | | | | | | | | | { &c., and Spare Horses } | | | | | | | | . | Officers’ Horses | . | . | . | 6 | . | 6 | | . | Bât Horses | . | . | . | . | 6 | 6 | +---+ +----+----+----+----+----+----+ |28 | Total Carriages. Total | 95 |110 |205 | 22 |198 |220 | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+

+---+-------------------------------+---------+---------+ | | | H | L | | | EQUIPMENT. +----+----+----+----+ | A | | I | J | M | N | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+ | 4 | 18-Pounder Guns | . | . | 16 | 8 | |12 | Gun Ammunition Waggons | . | . | 24 | 12 | | 2 | Store Limber Waggons | . | . | 4 | 2 | | 1 | Spare Gun Carriage | . | . | 2 | 2 | | 1 | Platform Waggon | . | . | 2 | 2 | | 1 | Forge | . | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | . | . | 1 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | . | . | 1 | | 2 | Light Forage Waggons | . | . | 2 | 2 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | . | . | 3 | | . | For { Staff-Serjeants and } | . | 10 | . | . | | | { Non-Commissioned } | | | | | | | { Officers } | | | | | | | { Trumpeters | . | 2 | . | . | | | { Farrier | . | 1 | . | . | | | { Shoeing-Smith | . | 1 | . | . | | . | { Spare Men, Officers’ } | . | 1 | 3 | 3 | | | { Servants and Bâtmen, } | | | | | | | { &c., and Spare Horses } | | | | | | . | Officers’ Horses | 6 | . | . | . | | . | Bât Horses | . | . | . | . | +---+ +----+----+----+----+ |28 | Total Carriages. Total | 6 | 15 | 55 | 37 | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+

+-------------------------------------------------+ | { Captain 1 | | Officers. { Second Captain 1 | | { Lieutenants 3 | | { Assist.-Surgeon 1 | | | | { Staff-Serjeants 2 | | { Serjeants 7 | | Non-Commissioned { Corporals 5 | | Officers and { Bombardiers 6 | | Men. { Gunners } 205 | | { Drivers } | | { Trumpeters 2 | | | | { Farrier 1 | | Artificers. { Shoeing-smiths 6 | | { Collar-makers 3 | | { Wheelers 2 | | --- | | Total 245 | +-------------------------------------------------+

DETAIL OF A 32-POUNDER HOWITZER FIELD BATTERY, ROYAL ARTILLERY, FOR ACTIVE SERVICE WITH THE ARMY IN THE EAST.

Key: A = Number of Carriages. C = Gunners. D = Drivers. E = Riding. F = Draught. G = Total. H = Sets of Appointments. I = Officers. J = N. C. Officers. L = Harness Sets Double. M = Lead. N = Wheel.

+---+-------------------------------+--------------+--------------+ | | | Men. | Horses. | | | EQUIPMENT. +----+----+----+----+----+----+ | A | | C and D | G | E | F | G | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+ | 4 | 32 Pounder Howitzers | 48 | 16 | 64 | . | 32 | 32 | |12 | Howitzer Ammunition Waggons | 24 | 36 | 60 | . | 72 | 72 | | 1 | Store Limber Waggon | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | 1 | Spare Howitzer Carriage | . | 4 | 4 | . | 8 | 8 | | 1 | Forge | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | | 2 | Flanders Waggons | . | 4 | 4 | . | 8 | 8 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | . | For { Staff Serjeants, and } | . | . | . | 10 | . | 10 | | | { Mounted Non-Com. } | | | | | | | | | { Officers } | | | | | | | | | { Trumpeters | . | . | . | 2 | . | 2 | | | { Farrier | . | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | | | { Shoeing-smith | . | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | | . | { Spare Men, Officers’ } | 15 | 24 | 39 | 2 | 20 | 22 | | | { Servants and Bâtmen, } | | | | | | | | | { &c., and Spare Horses } | | | | | | | | . | Officers’ Horses | . | . | . | 6 | . | 6 | | . | Bât Horses | . | . | . | . | 6 | 6 | +---+ +----+----+----+----+----+----+ |26 | Total Carriages. Total | 87 | 95 |182 | 22 |168 |190 | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+

+---+-------------------------------+---------+---------+ | | | H | L | | | EQUIPMENT. +----+----+----+----+ | A | | I | J | M | N | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+ | 4 | 32 Pounder Howitzers | . | . | 12 | 4 | |12 | Howitzer Ammunition Waggons | . | . | 24 | 12 | | 1 | Store Limber Waggon | . | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Spare Howitzer Carriage | . | . | 3 | 1 | | 1 | Forge | . | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | . | . | 1 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | . | . | 1 | | 2 | Flanders Waggons | . | . | 2 | 2 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | . | . | 3 | | . | For { Staff Serjeants, and } | . | 10 | . | . | | | { Mounted Non-Com. } | | | | | | | { Officers } | | | | | | | { Trumpeters | . | 2 | . | . | | | { Farrier | . | 1 | . | . | | | { Shoeing-smith | . | 1 | . | . | | . | { Spare Men, Officers’ } | . | 1 | 3 | 3 | | | { Servants and Bâtmen, } | | | | | | | { &c., and Spare Horses } | | | | | | . | Officers’ Horses | 6 | . | . | . | | . | Bât Horses | . | . | . | . | +---+ +----+----+----+----+ |26 | Total Carriages. Total | 6 | 15 | 48 | 29 | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+

+-------------------------------------------------+ | { Captain 1 | | Officers. { Second Captain | | { Lieutenants 3 | | { Assist.-Surgeon 1 | | | | { Staff Serjeants 2 | | { Serjeants 6 | | Non-Commissioned { Corporals 5 | | Officers and { Bombardiers 6 | | Men. { Gunners } 182 | | { Drivers } | | { Trumpeters 2 | | | | { Farrier 1 | | Artificers. { Shoeing-smiths 5 | | { Collar-makers 2 | | { Wheelers 2 | | --- | | Total 219 | +-------------------------------------------------+

DETAIL OF A RESERVE OF GUN AND SMALL ARM AMMUNITION FOR ACTIVE SERVICE WITH THE ARMY IN THE EAST.

Key: A = Number of Carriages. C = Gunners. D = Drivers. E = Riding. F = Draught. G = Total. H = Sets of Appointments. I = Officers. J = N. C. Officers. L = Harness Sets Double. M = Lead. N = Wheel.

+---+-------------------------------+--------------+--------------+ | | | Men. | Horses. | | | EQUIPMENT. +----+----+----+----+----+----+ | A | | C and D | G | E | F | G | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+ |30 | Ammunition { Gun 4 | 8 | 12 | 20 | . | 24 | 24 | | | Waggons { Howitzer 2 | 4 | 6 | 10 | . | 12 | 12 | | | { Small arm 24 | 24 | 72 | 96 | . |144 |144 | | 1 | Store Limber Waggon | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | 1 | Forge | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | | 2 | Light Forage Waggons | . | 4 | 4 | . | 8 | 8 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | . | For { Staff-Serjeants and } | . | . | . | 10 | . | 10 | | | { Mounted Non-Com. } | | | | | | | | | { Officers } | | | | | | | | | { Trumpeters | . | . | . | 2 | . | 2 | | | { Farrier | . | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | | | { Shoeing-smith | . | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | | . | { Spare Men, Officers’ } | 12 | 27 | 39 | 2 | 18 | 20 | | | { Servants and Bâtmen, } | | | | | | | | | { &c., and Spare Horses } | | | | | | | | . | Officers’ Horses | . | . | . | 6 | . | 6 | | . | Bât Horses | . | . | . | . | 6 | 6 | +---+ +----+----+----+----+----+----+ |39 | Total Carriages. Total | 48 |132 |180 | 22 |234 |256 | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+

+---+-------------------------------+---------+---------+ | | | H | L | | | EQUIPMENT. +----+----+----+----+ | A | | I | J | M | N | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+ |30 | Ammunition { Gun 4 | . | . | 8 | 4 | | | Waggons { Howitzer 2 | . | . | 4 | 2 | | | { Small arm 24 | . | . | 48 | 24 | | 1 | Store Limber Waggon | . | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Forge | . | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | . | . | 1 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | . | . | 1 | | 2 | Light Forage Waggons | . | . | 2 | 2 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | . | . | 3 | | . | For { Staff-Serjeants and } | . | 10 | . | . | | | { Mounted Non-Com. } | | | | | | | { Officers } | | | | | | | { Trumpeters | . | 2 | . | . | | | { Farrier | . | 1 | . | . | | | { Shoeing-smith | . | 1 | . | . | | . | { Spare Men, Officers’ } | . | 1 | 2 | 1 | | | { Servants and Bâtmen, } | | | | | | | { &c., and Spare Horses } | | | | | | . | Officers’ Horses | 6 | . | . | . | | . | Bât Horses | . | . | . | . | +---+ +----+----+----+----+ |39 | Total Carriages. Total | 6 | 15 | 68 | 40 | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+

+-------------------------------------------------+ | { Captain 1 | | Officers. { Second Captain 1 | | { Lieutenants 3 | | { Assist.-Surgeon 1 | | | | { Staff-Serjeants 2 | | { Serjeants 6 | | Non-Commissioned { Corporals 5 | | Officers and { Bombardiers 7 | | Men. { Gunners } 180 | | { Drivers } | | { Trumpeters 2 | | | | { Farrier 1 | | Artificers. { Shoeing-smiths 6 | | { Collar-makers 3 | | { Wheelers 2 | | --- | | Total 220 | +-------------------------------------------------+

DETAIL OF A GUN AMMUNITION RESERVE FOR ACTIVE SERVICE, AND TO BE ATTACHED TO THE RESERVE ARTILLERY WITH THE ARMY IN THE EAST.

Key: A = Number of Carriages. C = Gunners. D = Drivers. E = Riding. F = Draught. G = Total. H = Sets of Appointments. I = Officers. J = N. C. Officers. L = Harness Sets Double. M = Lead. N = Wheel.

+---+-------------------------------+--------------+--------------+ | | | Men. | Horses. | | | EQUIPMENT. +----+----+----+----+----+----+ | A | | C and D | G | E | F | G | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+ |24 | Ammunition { Gun 16 | 32 | 48 | 80 | . | 96 | 96 | | | Waggons { Howitzer 8 | 16 | 24 | 40 | . | 48 | 48 | | 1 | Store Limber Waggon | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | 1 | Forge | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | | 2 | Light Forage Waggons | . | 4 | 4 | . | 8 | 8 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | 2 | { Spare Gun Carriages—1 } | . | 6 | 6 | . | 12 | 12 | | | { Gun and 1 Howitzer } | | | | | | | | . | For { Staff-Serjeants and } | . | . | . | 14 | . | 14 | | | { Mounted Non-Com. } | | | | | | | | | { Officers } | | | | | | | | | { Trumpeters | . | . | . | 2 | . | 2 | | | { Farrier | . | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | | | { Shoeing-smiths | . | . | . | 2 | . | 2 | | . | { Spare Men, Officers’ } | 15 | 30 | 45 | 2 | 20 | 22 | | | { Servants and Bâtmen, } | | | | | | | | | { &c., and Spare Horses } | | | | | | | | . | Officers’ Horses | . | . | . | 6 | . | 6 | | . | Bât Horses | . | . | . | 6 | 6 | . | +---+ +----+----+----+----+----+----+ |35 | Total Carriages. Total | 63 |123 |186 | 27 |212 |239 | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+

+---+-------------------------------+---------+---------+ | | | H | L | | | EQUIPMENT. +----+----+----+----+ | A | | I | J | M | N | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+ |24 | Ammunition { Gun 16 | . | . | 32 | 16 | | | Waggons { Howitzer 8 | . | . | 16 | 8 | | 1 | Store Limber Waggon | . | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Forge | . | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | . | . | 1 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | . | . | 1 | | 2 | Light Forage Waggons | . | . | 2 | 2 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | . | . | 3 | | 2 | { Spare Gun Carriages—1 } | . | . | 4 | 2 | | | { Gun and 1 Howitzer } | | | | | | . | For { Staff-Serjeants and } | . | 10 | . | . | | | { Mounted Non-Com. } | | | | | | | { Officers } | | | | | | | { Trumpeters | . | 2 | . | . | | | { Farrier | . | 1 | . | . | | | { Shoeing-smiths | . | 2 | . | . | | . | { Spare Men, Officers’ } | . | 1 | 2 | 1 | | | { Servants and Bâtmen, } | | | | | | | { &c., and Spare Horses } | | | | | | . | Officers’ Horses | 6 | . | . | . | | . | Bât Horses | . | . | . | . | +---+ +----+----+----+----+ |35 | Total Carriages. Total | 6 | 16 | 60 | 36 | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+

+-------------------------------------------------+ | { Captain 1 | | Officers. { Second Captain 1 | | { Lieutenants 3 | | { Assist.-Surgeon 1 | | | | { Staff-Serjeants 2 | | { Serjeants 6 | | Non-Commissioned { Corporals 5 | | Officers and { Bombardiers 7 | | Men. { Gunners } 186 | | { Drivers } | | { Trumpeters 2 | | | | { Farrier 1 | | Artificers. { Shoeing-smiths 7 | | { Collar-makers 3 | | { Wheelers 4 | | --- | | Total 229 | +-------------------------------------------------+

DETAIL OF A SMALL ARM AMMUNITION RESERVE FOR ACTIVE SERVICE, TO BE ATTACHED TO THE RESERVE ARTILLERY WITH THE ARMY IN THE EAST.

Key: A = Number of Carriages. C = Gunners. D = Drivers. E = Riding. F = Draught. G = Total. H = Sets of Appointments. I = Officers. J = N. C. Officers. L = Harness Sets Double. M = Lead. N = Wheel.

+---+-------------------------------+--------------+--------------+ | | | Men. | Horses. | | | EQUIPMENT. +----+----+----+----+----+----+ | A | | C and D | G | E | F | G | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+ |36 | Small Arm Ammunition Waggons | 36 |108 |144 | . |216 |216 | | 1 | Store Limber Waggon | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | 1 | Forge | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | | 2 | Light Forage Waggons | . | 4 | 4 | . | 8 | 8 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | | . | For { Staff-Serjeants and } | . | . | . | 10 | . | 10 | | | { mounted Non-Com. } | | | | | | | | | { Officers } | | | | | | | | | { Trumpeters | . | . | . | 2 | . | 2 | | | { Farrier | . | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | | | { Shoeing-smith | . | . | . | 1 | . | 1 | | . | { Spare Men, Officers’ } | 30 | 31 | 61 | 4 | 20 | 24 | | | { Servants and Bâtmen, } | | | | | | | | | { &c., and Spare Horses } | | | | | | | | . | Officers’ Horses | . | . | . | 6 | . | 6 | | . | Bât Horses | . | . | . | . | 6 | 6 | +---+ +----+----+----+----+----+----+ |45 | Total Carriages. Total | 66 |154 |220 | 24 |272 |296 | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+

+---+-------------------------------+---------+---------+ | | | H | L | | | EQUIPMENT. +----+----+----+----+ | A | | I | J | M | N | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+ |36 | Small Arm Ammunition Waggons | . | . | 72 | 36 | | 1 | Store Limber Waggon | . | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Forge | . | . | 2 | 1 | | 1 | Store Cart | . | . | . | 1 | | 1 | Medicine Cart | . | . | . | 1 | | 2 | Light Forage Waggons | . | . | 2 | 2 | | 3 | Water Carts | . | . | . | 3 | | . | For { Staff-Serjeants and } | . | 10 | . | . | | | { mounted Non-Com. } | | | | | | | { Officers } | | | | | | | { Trumpeters | . | 2 | . | . | | | { Farrier | . | 1 | . | . | | | { Shoeing-smith | . | 1 | . | . | | . | { Spare Men, Officers’ } | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | | | { Servants and Bâtmen, } | | | | | | | { &c., and Spare Horses } | | | | | | . | Officers’ Horses | 6 | . | . | . | | . | Bât Horses | . | . | . | . | +---+ +----+----+----+----+ |45 | Total Carriages. Total | 6 | 16 | 82 | 47 | +---+-------------------------------+----+----+----+----+

+-------------------------------------------------+ | { Captain 1 | | Officers. { Second Captain 1 | | { Lieutenants 3 | | { Assist.-Surgeon 1 | | | | { Staff-Serjeants 2 | | { Serjeants 6 | | Non-Commissioned { Corporals 5 | | Officers and { Bombardiers 7 | | Men. { Gunners } 220 | | { Drivers } | | { Trumpeters 2 | | | | { Farrier 1 | | Artificers. { Shoeing-smiths 7 | | { Collar-makers 3 | | { Wheelers 2 | | --- | | Total 261 | +-------------------------------------------------+

ON THE INTERIOR MANAGEMENT OF A BATTERY.

1. The greatest care should be paid to the fittings of the saddles and collars; extensive sore backs and galled shoulders arise chiefly from neglect on the march: and by prompt attention on the part of the officers, many horses may be preserved to the service, which would otherwise be disabled for months. The drivers should never be suffered to lounge in their saddles, or to sit uneven. A folded blanket under the saddle is found to be the best preventive of sore backs, as it adapts the shape of the saddle to any loss of flesh in the animal.

On long marches, the shaft horse should invariably be provided with a half blanket under the pad saddle; every driver should also have attached to his harness a pair of pads of basil leather, about six inches by four, stuffed with hair; and the moment any tenderness is perceived in a horse’s shoulder, the pressure should be relieved by placing the pads above and below the tender part.

2. On a march, there will always be an advanced and rear guard; the advanced guard of one day becoming the rear guard of the next. On arriving on the ground where the battery is to be parked, the advanced guard will immediately pitch their tent, and post sentinels. When the battery quits its ground, the non-commissioned officer of the guard is responsible that nothing be left behind.

3. When a battery is to march, the camp kettles, and everything that will not be required before morning, should be lashed on the carriages at sunset.

4. In parking guns, the usual interval is ten or twelve paces; but on a march, that everything may be better under the eye of the sentinels, the intervals may be diminished to three or four paces. The guns are to be in the first line, covered by their respective waggons; the spare ammunition and store carriages in the third line. The tents of the detachment are sometimes on the flanks of the battery, and sometimes in rear of their respective sub-divisions: the officers in rear of the battery. The horses are sometimes picketed in rear of the whole, and parallel to the line of guns, and sometimes perpendicular to this line, and on the flanks between the detachments, tents, and the carriages; but in general, the form of encamping will depend on the nature of the ground and local circumstances. In every situation the approach to the park, and the road by which the guns are brought out, should be kept clear and open.

5. If the battery is parked in hot weather, the naves of the wheels must be defended as much as possible from the effect of the sun, by sods or other covering.

6. When a battery arrives in camp, quarters, or cantonments, each non-commissioned officer will immediately examine every part of the carriages of his sub-division, especially the wheels, to the greasing of which he will attend. Any damages, to be repaired without delay, he will report to the officer of his division, who will report to the commander of the battery.

7. When a battery is in stationary quarters, there must be a weekly inspection of every part of the battery, and a parade in marching order, when circumstances will permit; at which parade, every part of the harness and appointments of gunners and drivers is expected to be in the best order. Particular attention should be paid to the state of the ammunition, which should be frequently aired; and no fresh ammunition should ever be received without being gauged to the guns.

8. The drivers must immediately report any loss or breakage of their harness; and, on the instant, make known to the non-commissioned officer of the sub-division, any gall or other hurt which may have happened to the horses committed to their charge: any neglect on this point must be punished. Airing and beating with a knotted rope the stuffing of the collars and saddles is an important part of the driver’s duty, which should never be omitted on continued marches. In camp, greasy heels are the most common disability which horses labour under; and as they proceed from cold, occasioning humours to settle, the best preventive is hand-rubbing and exercise, to keep up a circulation.

9. Unless for some particular purpose, the elevating screws should never be raised higher than the half of their length; on a march, they should be covered with a piece of canvas, or an old flannel cartridge, which will prevent their being clogged with dirt; and the travelling chain should be always applied. The pintail, and the trail plate eye, should be greased previous to marching.

10. After a field day, or an action, the bores of the guns should be washed, and then laid under metal.

11. If a wheel be so disabled as not to be worth repairing, the nave, if not damaged, should be at any rate saved. If the nave be good, a new wheel can easily be made from materials perhaps found on the spot, but it is very difficult to find a nave.

12. In marching in ordinary circumstances, the officer next for duty will always proceed in advance, to take up quarters, and to choose ground for parking, or encamping on; and the officer on duty for the day will always march in, and bring up the rear.

13. When a battery is to march, and “_Boot and saddle_” has been sounded, the officer of the day, the non-commissioned officers, drivers, and horses will turn out, and immediately proceed to the park and put-to; if encamped, tents to be struck, and lashed to the carriages. At the sound “_Turn out_,” the whole of the officers, non-commissioned officers, and gunners, repair to the park; and when the usual inspections have been made, and the regular reports delivered to the commander, the battery will be marched off.

14. Feeding will always take place three times a day at the park, under the inspection of the officer of the day; when the nose-bags have been filled by the non-commissioned officer in charge of the forage, the trumpeter is to sound “_Feed_,” the nose-bags are put on, and the drivers fall in, in front; after the feed, the nose-bags are rolled up and buckled on.

15. A non-commissioned officer is to have charge of and serve out the corn and forage, which for security will be deposited at the park guard; but on a march, when the corn is carried on the ammunition waggons, no more corn should be taken off the carriages than is likely to be wanted.

16. Buckets are provided for watering the horses on a march; by this means they can be watered from wells or places inaccessible to the animals, or at least to more than one or two of them at a time: but the operation is a long one. If on a march a small river or stream of water is to be forded, this opportunity of watering them, or at any rate of giving them a mouthful of water in crossing it, should be seized: it saves much time. Should the stream, however, be very rapid, or deep, or should there be troops immediately in the rear, no halt should be made in fording it.

17. The _Serjeant-major_ is to superintend all parades and drills, under the inspection of the officer on duty. The _Quartermaster serjeant_ is to draw provisions and forage; he is to make out returns, and have charge of the spare stores.

18. The _Trumpeter_ is always to be quartered in the nearest billet to the commanding officer; and the men and horses of each sub-division and division to be as near together as possible. A gunner from each sub-division, or a gunner of the guard, is to be made acquainted with the quarters of the commander of the battery, that in any emergency there may be no delay in finding him out: the same applies to the officers of divisions as far as their divisions are concerned.

19. The _Farrier_ is to report every evening to the commanding officer the state of the sick animals; and on the ——, (the particular days to be mentioned) a return, in writing, of the number of horse (and mule, if any) shoes, and quantity of horse medicines expended.

20. The senior _Collar-maker_, the _Jobbing-smith_, and the _Wheeler_, to make similar reports of the stores expended in their several departments: these reports to be delivered to the serjeant-major, to be laid by him before the commander of the battery.

21. The _Artificers_ are to work as near as possible to the park guard, the non-commissioned officer of which is responsible that no work is done, or horse shod, except for the battery, without written permission from the commander.

22. The _Forge_, when employed, should be removed to a proper distance from the park. It should, at night, be brought back to its place, and everything arranged on it, so that, should the battery be suddenly ordered to march, there may be no delay.

LASSO.

_Lasso harness_ consists of a brown leather surcingle, and one trace. The surcingle is rather wider than a common girth, and is composed of two pieces (joined together by rings), one of which is placed over the saddle, and the other round the belly of the horse. There are also rings at the end of the surcingle, which is drawn very firmly round the horse, and fastened tight by lapping a white leather thong (fixed at one end of the surcingle) through these rings. There are two descriptions of traces, one being 8, and the other 12 feet long. They have hooks at each end, and, when the lasso harness is made use of by cavalry, &c., to assist draught horses in moving very heavy carriages, or in dragging guns, &c., up steep hills, one of these hooks is fastened to a ring in the surcingle, and the other to the carriage, &c.

Lasso harness may be advantageously employed with all horses; even those unaccustomed to draught having been found perfectly tractable and efficient the first time they were required to draw by means of the lasso. When two horses are in draught, the traces must be inside, and each rider should keep his horse’s croup a little outwards.

EMBARKING, AND DISEMBARKING.

The following directions will be found applicable to nearly all the cases likely to occur: such as embarking, or disembarking from a beach; from a wharf; with, or without boats; in presence of an enemy, &c., &c.

_Sec. 39.[17] Embarking Guns, and Carriages._

_Preparations._

1. On the arrival of the battery at the place of embarkation, it is to be drawn up in as compact order as is consistent with the performance of the operations required. The horses are to be taken out; the harness taken off and packed in vats, and the stores in cases. When there are no vats and cases, the stores must be secured to the carriages or tied together: the intrenching tools may remain with the carriages. The non-commissioned officers in charge of sub-divisions will attach to their harness and stores, pieces of basil having the number of their sub-divisions written upon them. The harness for each carriage should be embarked with it.

2. The gun detachments will prepare the carriages for embarkation. They will take off the side arms and secure them together, take out the elevating screws, unkey the cap-squares, unlash the ammunition boxes, and coil up the lashing ropes. Each carriage, when called for, is to be run forward to the boat or crane; the gun is to be unlimbered and dismounted; the ammunition boxes, shafts, wheels, &c., to be taken off; the washers and linch-pins must be carefully put away in the slow match box, and in the small box between the limber boxes. Every article must be stowed away with the greatest care, and arranged so as to be got at without delay.

3. Those articles which will be the last required when disembarking are the first to be embarked. The divisions, and everything belonging to them, should be kept together as much as possible. The first to be embarked are the spare carriages and forge, which are to be stowed forward, the left division next to them, and before the main hatchway; the centre abaft the hatchway; the right under the hatchway. The whole of the guns are put together, generally in the bottom of the hold, vents turned downwards, and a fid in them, to prevent their being choked.

4. When a battery is embarked in different vessels, every part should be complete, and a proportion of general stores be on board of each. If the voyage is likely to last some days, the cartouches with the ammunition must be taken out of the boxes, and stowed in the magazine. The ammunition must be so placed that whatever part belongs to any particular carriage may be got at without difficulty. When the cartouches are not taken out, the boxes must be stowed well aft in the hold, or between decks, and they should be well covered with wadmilltilts, or hair cloths.

5. In embarking from a beach, it may be necessary to erect small sheers, made of a couple of topgallant masts, previously prepared for the purpose. In embarking from a wharf, if there are cranes, they should be made use of. If boats are employed, the loads must be regulated by the state of the weather, and distance of the vessels.

_Embarking the horses._

6. When the vessels can come alongside a wharf, the horses are hoisted in by means of tackle. The slings, made of canvas, should be minutely inspected, to see that they are secure. There must be a double guy made fast to the horse’s head, one end on shore, the other on board, to keep his head steady. A shoeing-smith should be in each ship, to receive the horses.

7. A horse requires at least four men besides the driver to sling him, one on each side, one at his breast, and one behind. One end of the sling is passed under his belly, and both ends made to meet over his back; one man passes his loop through the other, it is received by the man on the other side, who hauls it through, hooking the tackle to it, both men holding up the ends of the sling. The men at the breast and behind bring their ropes round, and make them fast to the grummets. The driver holds the horse’s head, and makes fast the guys to it. The horse being previously blindfolded, the word “HOIST AWAY” is given, and he is hoisted on board. The sling is then taken off, and he is led to his place; the first horses being always placed forward or aft, as the ship fills; the stalls nearest the hatchway being reserved for the horses which are to be first landed.

8. The horses are to be embarked in the same order as the carriages, taking care that the officers’ and non-commissioned officers’ horses are on board with the divisions to which they belong. The farriers and shoeing-smiths should be distributed in different ships.

9. When horses are embarked in boats; sheers, or a derrick, are necessary. The head of the derrick must incline inwards when the horse is rising, but when he is high enough the head of the derrick or sheers must be forced out, to bring the horse over the boat. This applies to a beach, or wharf. Sand or straw should be put in the boats, to prevent the horses slipping. They should stand athwart, the head of one horse being on the starboard, and the head of the next on the larboard side. The drivers sit on the gunwale, or stand between the horses.

10. When horses are embarked from an open beach without any appliances, they are to be led to the boat, and the halter given to one of the men in it. The horse must then be made to walk or leap into it, the gunwale of the boat being inclined towards the shore. A quiet horse should first be embarked, and the others will more readily follow.

11. In embarking in presence of an enemy, the horses and carriages, should first be embarked, the guns being retained to the last, to repel any attack. If the position be a mile or two from the place of embarkation, it may be necessary to retain a portion of the horses.

APPLICATION OF FIELD ARTILLERY.[18]

_General remarks._

1. In a defensive position, the guns of the largest calibre should be posted on the weakest points of the line, and on those from whence the enemy can be discovered at the greatest distance. Those heights on which the enemy in advancing may rest his flanks, and those from whence he may be fired upon obliquely, must also be occupied by the largest calibres.

2. In an offensive position, the guns of the heaviest calibre should be placed in such situations as will render them available, without difficulty, for any operations in advance. In heavy ground, a nine or twelve pounder battery, when coming into action, should reverse, when it will be only necessary to drop the trail, instead of carrying it round by hand.

3. The guns should be placed as much as possible under cover; this is easily done on heights, by keeping them so far back that the muzzles are only to be seen over them. By proper attention, advantage may be taken of many situations, such as banks, ditches, &c.

4. Artillery in the field should be concealed from the enemy till the very moment it is to open; the guns may be masked by being a little retired, or by being covered with troops, particularly by cavalry.

_Ammunition waggons._

5. No positive rule can be laid down for all cases, with respect to the ammunition waggons in presence of an enemy: this must depend on a variety of circumstances; but in general it will be found expedient to place them under charge of an officer, who will conform to the movements of the main body, in such a manner and at such distance, as to enable him to supply the guns with ammunition, before that which is in the limbers is expended.

6. The spot selected for a battery should be one which does not present any obstacles to the ulterior movements.

7. The most elevated situations are not the best; the greatest effect may be produced at a distance of six hundred yards, from a height of thirty or forty yards; and at two hundred yards distance from a height of sixteen.

8. Round shot should be used from three hundred yards, upwards. The use of case should begin at three hundred, and the quickness of fire increase as the range diminishes.

9. Double charges of case may be used at one hundred and fifty or one hundred and sixty yards. Shrapnell shells should not be used at a less range than six hundred and fifty yards.

10. The guns should never be abandoned till the last extremity; the last discharges are the most destructive.

_On the march._

1. Intelligent non-commissioned officers should be sent to reconnoitre a road or ground that artillery is to pass over, and, when necessary, to report the state of it. When the march is connected with military operations, an officer should always be employed for this duty.

2. The officers of divisions should frequently halt, to see that their carriages are marching in proper order, and are well up.

3. The strictest attention should constantly be paid to the correct preservation of distances, the loss of which may be made up by small bodies of artillery; but when in large bodies, or when acting with infantry, the operation is attended with serious disadvantage, particularly to the latter; it is a point, therefore, which cannot be too strongly insisted upon, being one of most essential consequence.

_Advanced Guard._

4. A battery marching by itself should always have an advanced guard. In a narrow road it should be considerably in front, to stop all carriages which might cause obstruction. In a hilly road, it should reconnoitre the top of every hill, and see that it is all clear before the guns come up.

5. Parties should always be sent out on each flank.

6. When an accident happens to a carriage, either on the march, or manœuvring, those in its rear should pass it on the most convenient flank, and fill up its interval. It will resume its place as soon as the damage is repaired. A waggon belonging to a disabled gun should always remain with it; but a gun must not wait for its disabled waggon, but leave only a sufficient number of men to put it into a proper state.

_Crossing fords._

1. Artillery can cross a river about three and a half feet deep, though much depends on the strength of the current. The ammunition boxes are so well made that the water will seldom penetrate through them, particularly if the river be narrow, and the guns pass quickly. The canvas cartouches afford additional protection, and they may be taken out if necessary.

2. When the water is deep, and the current strong, great attention must be paid in fording. The person conducting the column over a direct ford, should keep his eye steadily on an object on the opposite bank, which points out where the ford is: he must never look at the stream, which would deceive him, and would appear to carry him down, and he would endeavour to keep too high up the stream, and miss the ford.

3. All those in the rear should keep their eyes on those in front; every individual should wade rather against the stream, in order to resist its power.

4. Troops should always cross a ford with the largest possible front, for the same reason.

5. If the ford is not well known, and there is no guide, it should be previously examined, and the dangerous places marked. In fording, the horses should neither be allowed to trot, halt, or drink.

_Passage of military bridges._

1. Great attention and caution are required in passing over pontoon bridges, the vibratory motion of which is very dangerous, and should be lessened by every possible means.

2. The troops, in passing, should not preserve an equal pace. There should be no halt on the bridge. As soon as the bridge is perceived to rock, the passage of the troops must be stopped.

3. The greatest precaution is necessary to prevent accidents in tide rivers at low water. Unless battens are nailed across the chesses on the slopes, the horses will have the greatest difficulty in keeping their feet, indeed if the chesses be wet it will be impossible; the men must therefore always assist; holding on when going down, and manning the wheels when going up.

4. The drivers must in some cases dismount, and an interval must be left between the carriages equal to their own length; they must be passed over gently. In wet weather over chesses, great care must be taken to prevent the horses slipping. It may sometimes be necessary, unless the bridge be strong, to pass the carriages and horses over separately.

5. In passing over a flying bridge, it may occasionally be advisable to take the horses out; and in boisterous weather, or at night, the wheels should be locked.

_Crossing a bridge, and passing a defile._

1. The battery should always pass with the largest front possible.

2. The artillery must be previously posted to the right and left of the bridge; if it be flat, and that the other side can be seen, a gun or two should be placed on each side, and close to the road leading to it; these guns should cross first and come into action on the other side, the remaining guns continue in action and follow by degrees; they should be posted at such a distance from the bridge, that they may keep up a fire while the others are crossing and forming.

_Advancing through a defile._

3. A defile should be passed as quickly as possible, as it is a much more hazardous operation than crossing a bridge. Artillery can seldom be made available till it has passed the defile; whereas it can generally be employed in clearing the opposite bank of a river, previous to the troops pushing across.

_Over a bridge._

4. In retreating over a bridge, the artillery will gradually close in from the flanks of the troops, till all the guns are in line in front of the bridge. They will cross by degrees; the flank guns will generally cross under the protection of the centre ones; they may retire limbered up, taking up their position and coming into action to the right and left of the bridge, to protect the centre guns, which will retire with the prolonge and with the largest front possible. They may halt on the highest part, or middle of the bridge, and keep the enemy in check.

_Retiring through a defile._

5. A battery should retire from one of its flanks under the protection of the other; the covering guns retiring with the largest front possible.

6. Should the defile be wide, and there are any favourable situations in it, they should be taken advantage of, and guns posted to protect the retreat of the others. The situations must be such as the guns can retire from, and continue the retreat without difficulty.

7. When artillery is retiring along a road, or through a defile which is hilly, some of the guns should halt on the tops of the hills, and protect the retreat of those in the hollow. In these cases, round shot may be fired with safety to the troops retreating, and perhaps with good effect against an enemy.

8. The guns which are retreating, may pass those in position without halting; they will take up other positions, the whole retreating alternately.

9. In retreating towards a defile, the artillery may retire in line, or by half batteries, or by divisions; forming new lines and retreating again; or it may retreat alternately; or in echellon from either flank. This must depend on the nature of the ground, and the flank on which the enemy may be.

10. In these retrograde movements, the ammunition waggons must be sent to the rear. One or two may be kept nearer than the others, to supply ammunition.

_Artillery, acting with other troops._

1. The artillery should always cover the troops when advancing, retiring, or deploying into line.

2. When the line retires by alternate companies, wings, or battalions, the artillery must remain with that part of it which is nearest the enemy; retiring with the prolonge, and halting when it arrives at the halted part of the line.

_In column._

3. When the troops are in column, the artillery should be on the flank.

4. When a line of troops wheels backward into column, the artillery break into column, and close to the reverse flank, so as not to interrupt the line of pivots.

ENCAMPING, AND PICKETING.

_[19]Sec. 29. First method._

The battery being formed in line, at full intervals, the horses are picketed, and the tents pitched in rear.

_Prepare to encamp, and picket._

At the word PREPARE TO ENCAMP, AND PICKET, the drivers dismount and unhook; the markers take up an alignment twelve yards in rear of the battery, and facing it, for the line of pickets; the marker of the centre division in the centre; the others extend from him the number of yards there are horses in each half battery. One staff serjeant ten yards in rear of the centre marker indicates the alignment for the men’s tents. The second staff serjeant twenty yards in rear of the other, to mark the spot for the captain’s marquee. Nos. 1 and 6 unlash tents; 4 and 5 of each sub-division are told off for the marquee; 2, 3, 7, and 8 take a picket each, 9 a maul, and the wheel drivers a picket line.

_Encamp, and picket._

At the word ENCAMP, AND PICKET, the numbers with the pickets form on the centre marker, facing to the front, the numbers with the mauls in front of and facing them.

The start’ officer gives OUTWARDS FACE—QUICK MARCH, when the men with pickets extend outwards, dividing themselves at equal distance along the alignment taken up by the markers.

The staff officer dresses them, and gives the word STEADY, when the numbers with the mauls commence to drive the pickets.

The markers dismount, and assist the wheel drivers in making fast the line from centre to flanks, taking two half hitches round each picket, above and below the hook.

The horses are then brought up, the marker’s horse of the centre division in the centre, the spare horses on each side of him, the wheelers, centre horses, and the leaders of the centre waggon next, and the rest in succession; the officers’ and N.C. officers’ horses on the flanks of their respective divisions.

_Fastening the horses._

The horses are fastened by the centre of the collar chains to the line, taking two half hitches round it; the T end being also passed through the diamond link.

Nos. 1 take up an alignment ten yards in rear of the pickets, for the men’s tents. They are dressed by the staff serjeant.

The centre of the tent is indicated by a peg; they then drive four guy pegs to the front, rear, right, and left, at three yards distance from the centre one. Nos. 6 spread out the tents, and fix the second cord from each side of the door to the front peg, the fifth cord on each side to the side pegs, and the rear cord to the rear peg. They then put the tent-pole into the canvas, lying on the ground.

_Raising the tents._

As soon as all is ready, the commanding officer gives the word RAISE THE TENTS, which is done by Nos. 6. Nos. 1 and 6 then drive in their pegs, and fasten the remaining cords.

_Preparing the marquee._

The second staff serjeant dismounts, and the position of the marquee is indicated by two pegs, driven at a distance equal to the length of the ridge pole, on the spot where his horse stood. Nos. 4 and 5 of each sub-division (being detailed for the marquee), fall in, and are told off by the second staff serjeant, from 1 to 12; as eight men only are required, the remainder are spare. 1, 2, 3, and 4 spread out the roof, the outside on the ground, the door to the rear; 5 and 7 double the lining, lay it on the roof, and put in the ridge pole; 6 and 8 put the standards together, and pass them through the lining; 5 and 7 fix the girthing and ridge pole on the spikes. The inside being thus arranged, half of the roof is turned over in order to prepare the outside. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 fix the vases on the spikes, and take two half hitches round them with the centre of each guy.

The marquee is raised by 5, 6, 7 and 8, at the same time as the tents. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 take a guy peg and a mallet each, stretch the guys, and fasten them to the pegs in such a manner that they cross each other at each side, at the point of the dirk, which is painted on the roof; they then drive in the roof pegs, working round to their left, with their backs to the marquee; the pegs on the sides to be driven in a line parallel to the marquee, but at the ends in a half circle; 5 and 6 then hook on the wall from rear to front, overlapping two hooks at the rear, and peg it down; 7 and 8 hook on the lining, and peg it down; 5, 6, 7 and 8 also arrange the door. If there is a second marquee, it is fixed in the same manner.

As soon as the pickets are driven, Nos. 2 and 3 of each sub-division pitch the subalterns’ tents, directed by the staff serjeant, ten yards in rear of the men’s tents, in the centre of their division, the doors to the front; Nos. 7 pitch the guard tent, twenty yards in front of the centre of the battery, the door to the front.

_Sec. 30. Second method._

The battery being formed in line, at half intervals, the horses are picketed, and the men’s tents pitched on each flank; the officers’ tents in rear.

At the word PREPARE TO ENCAMP, AND PICKET, the markers of the flank divisions mark twelve yards from the flanks of the battery for the line of pickets, facing to the rear.

At the word ENCAMP, AND PICKET, the picket numbers of each half battery form on the markers facing the battery; the numbers of the centre sub-divisions next the markers; they are faced to the rear, extended at equal distances, and dressed by the officers of the flank divisions; the distance they extend must be regulated by the number of horses in each half battery, allowing one yard for each horse.

The men’s tents are ten yards outside of the line of pickets, facing the horses of their own sub-divisions, dressed by the staff serjeants.

The subalterns’ tents ten yards in rear of the last line of carriages, and the commanding officer’s marquee ten yards in rear of them.

The guard tent as in the first method.

All the duties of picketing the horses, pitching the tents and marquees, are performed by the same numbers as detailed in the first method.

_Arrangement of the harness._

If the harness is to be taken off, it is placed in line, ten yards behind the horses. The traces, breeching, and collars are put inside the pad, which is laid inside the saddle; and the whole is kept compact by buckling the surcingle of the saddle tight round it; the bridles are laid over the cantles, which are towards the horses.

_Sec. 31. To strike the Encampment._

The horses being harnessed and hooked in, at the word STRIKE TENTS, AND PICKETS, the pickets are struck at once; the tents and marquees prepared for striking by pulling up all the pegs except the guy ones. At the word DOWN, the whole are lowered together, and packed up as quick as possible.

With a brigade of batteries, the commanding officer’s marquee would be pitched fifteen yards in centre, and in rear of the whole, door to the rear, by the spare marquee men of each battery. The pickets and tents of the whole brigade would be pitched in line, dressed by the adjutant, and serjeant-major.

WEIGHT, DIMENSIONS, ETC., OF TENTS.

CAPTAIN’S MARQUEE.

ft. in. in. Ridge pole, length 6 11 } { 2½ Standards, each 8 2 } in two pieces diameter { 2½ Door standards 6 3 } { 1½

Mallets, 2. Pins—Large, 4; Small, 96. Weight of Marquee complete, 142 lb.

SUBALTERN’S MARQUEE.

ft. in. in. Ridge pole, length 6 3 } { 2¼ Standards, each 8 0 } in two pieces diameter { 2¼ Door standards 6 1 } { 1½

Mallets, 2. Pins—Large, 4; Small, 76. Weight of Marquee complete, 132 lb.

BELL TENT, CIRCULAR.

ft. in. in. Standards, length 10 3 in two pieces diameter 2

Pins, 40 Mallets, 2. Weight of Tent complete, 60 lb.

LABORATORY TENT, CIRCULAR.

ft. in. in. Standards, length 16 3 { in two } diameter { Top 3 { pieces } { Bottom 5

Mallets, 2. Pins—Large, 4; Small, 100. Weight of Tent complete, 2 cwt. 10 lb.

HORSES.

The average weight of artillery horses is 10 cwt. 2 qrs.

An allowance of 27 square feet is generally made for each horse standing at picket, or three feet in breadth, and nine feet in depth.[20] A horse should seldom be made to draw more than three cwt. besides the weight of the carriage. With great burthens, less weight must be allowed for each horse to draw than with medium burthens; as with a team of horses, the leaders cannot draw so much as the horses nearer the carriage, and the disadvantage must increase in proportion to the lengthening of the team.

{ 4 horses may each draw 6 cwt. Total, 24 cwt. A Team of { 6 do. do. 5 do. 30 do. { 8 do. do. 4 do. 36 do. { 12 do. do. 4 do. 48 do.

These weights include the carriages. It is usual, however, in heavy carriages, to reckon all their weight exceeding twelve cwt. as part of the load.

The most useful mode of applying a horse’s power is in draught, and the worst is in carrying a load. This is owing to the structure of the animal. It has been found that three men, carrying each 100 lb., will ascend a hill with greater rapidity than one horse carrying 300 lb. When a horse has a large draught in a waggon, however, it is found useful to load his back to a certain extent, this prevents him from inclining so much forward as he would otherwise do, and consequently frees him from the fatigue of great muscular action. The best disposition of the traces in draught is when they are perpendicular to the collar; when the horse stands at ease, the traces are then inclined to the horizon, at an angle of about 15°; but when he leans forward to draw, the traces should then become nearly parallel to the road. The most proper inclination, however, is determined from the relation which subsists between the friction, and the pressure, in every particular case.

When a horse is employed in moving a machine, by travelling in a circular path, the diameter of the path ought not to be less than twenty-five or thirty feet, and in most cases forty feet should be preferred: at all events, it must not be less than eighteen feet.

The following table shows the _maximum quantity of labour_, which a horse of average strength is capable of performing at different velocities, on canals, railways, and turnpike roads; but in comparing this table with practice at the higher velocities, it is reckoned necessary to add one-third more than the useful effect for the total mass moved.

+----------+--------+----------+--------------------------------+ | | | | Useful effect per Day for a | | | | | distance of one Mile on a | |Velocities| Day’s | Force of | | | per hour.| work. | traction.| Level Level | | | | | Canal. railway. road. | +----------+--------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ | Miles. | Hours. | lb. | Tons. | Tons. | Tons. | | 2½ | 11·5 | } { | 520 | 115 | 14 | | 3 | 8· | } { | 243 | 92 | 12 | | 3½ | 5·9 | } { | 153 | 82 | 10 | | 4 | 4·5 | } { | 102 | 72 | 9 | | 5 | 2·9 | } 83⅓ { | 52 | 57 | 7·2 | | 6 | 2· | } { | 30 | 48 | 6 | | 7 | 1·5 | } { | 19 | 41 | 5·1 | | 8 | 1·8 | } { | 12·8 | 36 | 4·5 | | 9 | ·9 | } { | 9 | 32 | 4 | | 10 | ·75 | } { | 6·6 | 28·8 | 3·6 | +----------+--------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

_Result of experiments_ with a light four-wheeled cart, weighing with its load 1000 lb., drawn upon different sorts of roads, (12½ lb. having been deducted from the force of traction for the friction at the axles, which were of wood).

Turnpike-road, hard, dry 18 } Force of traction Do. dirty 26½ } required to move the Do. new gravelled 130½ } carriage, independent of Loose sandy road 191½ } the friction at the axles.

_Note._—An ox can draw about 4 cwt., and a pair of oxen 9 cwt., on a level road.

MANAGEMENT OF DRAUGHT HORSES.

Whatever the difficulties of a road or ground may be, ten horses are as many as can be harnessed with effect to one carriage. It is difficult for a greater number to act at the same instant, even if the pull be straight.

Before a carriage moves, the traces should be equally stretched out, that at the word “MARCH” every horse may act steadily at the same instant on the carriage, and not by jerks.

The distance of one horse’s length between the carriages is always to be maintained on the best road, to prevent fatigue and unnecessary stoppage to the horses. In bad or difficult roads it may be necessary to increase the distance to double, or perhaps more, according to the nature of the ground.

After going up a short steep hill, the horses should be halted, but when that cannot be done, they ought to move slowly to recover their wind. Should the ascent be long, and steep, the road in a bad state, or when from any other cause the exertion is likely to be very great for the horses, a part of the carriages should halt, the leaders of them be hooked on to those in front, and when they arrive at the top, as many leaders sent back as may be necessary.

In going up a hill, a carriage may be halted to rest the horses, by bringing them across it, and locking the limber.

Whenever the ruts are very deep, the carriages must quarter the road, and if the road is narrow, and sunk between banks, the horses should be left to themselves, and not be hurried.

In passing over deep furrows, or small ditches or drains, the carriages should cross them obliquely: when they are crossed perpendicularly, the horses not only encounter greater difficulty, but they, as well as the harness, suffer much from the jerks. The former line of march should be resumed as soon as they are passed.

HORSE-SHOES.

NEW PATTERN.

There are three sizes of horse-shoes in the service, and also a smaller size made for mules.

Size. lb. oz. Weight { 1st } (not including the weight of nails) 7 0¼ of { 2nd } do. do. 6 4½ set. { 3rd } do. do. 4 8½ { Mules } do. do. 2 14

NAILS.

LENGTH, WEIGHT, NUMBER, ETC.

1st size. { No. of nails* 8 9 10 } 5½ oz. } Largest. { No. of each required 16 8 8 } } } Weight 2nd size. { No. of nails* 7 8 9 } 4½ oz. } of set. { No. of each required 8 12 12 } } 32 Nails. } 3rd size. { No. of nails* 5 6 7 } 3½ oz. } { No. of each required 8 8 16 } }

No. of Nails. Length of Nails. Weight of 1000 Nails. 188 2¾ inches. 10 lb. 187 2½ — 9 — 186 2⅜ — 8 — 185 2¼ — 7 — 184 2⅛ — 6 — 183 2 — 5 —

*_Note._—These several nails are known by farriers according to their No.—viz., when they say shoes require nails, Nos. 8, 9, 10, this implies nails of 8, 9, and 10 pounds per thousand nails.

FORAGE.

_Method observed in carrying one day’s forage._

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, AND TRUMPETERS.—One feed of oats in the nose bag, and buckled to the near-ring of the saddle. Three feeds in the corn bag, and carried across the saddle. Twelve pounds of hay twisted, and rolled up into two bundles, each nine inches long, carried at the ends of the kitt, and made fast with the forage cord, one end to pass in front, and the other in the rear of the kitt, making it fast by two hitches.

DRIVERS.—One feed of oats for each horse, carried in the nose-bags, and made fast to the rear staples of the off-horses’ saddles. Three feeds for each horse (six feeds) in the corn bag, carried across the saddle of the near horse. The hay is twisted and rolled up into two bundles of twelve pounds, each eighteen inches long; carried on the off-horse at the ends of the kitt; the end of one forage cord passing in front of the kitt, the end of the other forage cord passing in rear of the kitt, both ends being made fast by two half hitches.

If a waggon accompanies the battery, the officers’ horses’ forage will be carried in it; if not, the oats are to be divided between the sub-divisions, and the hay carried on the foot board in front of the body of the waggon.

_In heavy marching order, when forage is not ordered to be carried._

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, AND TRUMPETERS.—The nose bags are rolled up and buckled to the near-ring of the saddle. Forage cord, currycomb and brush, mane-comb, picker, and sponge, are made fast to the off-ring.

DAILY RATION FOR ONE HORSE.

Oats. Hay or Grass. Straw. lb. lb. lb. lb. In Quarters 8 18 .. 6 In Barracks 10 12 or 36 8 A load of Hay, or Straw 36 trusses. A truss of Hay 56 lb. Ditto Straw 36 lb.

VETERINARY DIRECTIONS.[21]

MASSES.

_The ordinary dose of every Mass is One ounce (Avoirdupois)._

NO. I.—CATHARTIC MASS.

_One ounce of this Mass made into a ball is a Dose of physic._

_A Ball contains seven drams of Aloes, the remaining dram being made up with Ol. olivar, Ol. carui, and water._

Any horse to which a dose of physic is given, should be fed on bran mashes, in lieu of corn, until its operation has ceased. If there be no cause for its immediate administration, let ample bran mashes be given, by way of preparation, in lieu both of hay and corn, during one day, and the ball administered the following morning, after the horse is sufficiently watered, and a couple of hours at least before his bran mash be given him. Exercise also, during the day, is advisable. The following day, early in the morning, after the horse has had water, with the chill taken off, offered him, till he refuses to drink more, let him be walked out briskly for one hour, unless he purge; in which case let him be returned to the stable, littered down, frequently watered, and plentifully supplied with bran mashes. But should the physic not operate at the expiration of his exercise, nor after he has remained four succeeding hours in the stable, let him be exercised for another hour; and he may be gently trotted at this time should he still show no signs of purging; let it be here understood, however, that in no case is a horse in physic to be galloped. To insure purgation, water is no less requisite than exercise.

Should the animal continue to purge on the third day, let his bran be eaten dry, and let him be kept short of water, and without exercise, until the physic be set. As soon as his dung shall have put on its natural appearance and consistence, the usual ration of provender may be restored, and he may return to duty.

If the horse has been lately taken up from grass, or be low in condition, or light-carcassed, six drams of the mass is generally a sufficient dose; but if he be of large size, and in high condition, even nine drams may be occasionally required.

Horses of a costive habit, whose dung-balls are small and not of their natural colour—whose coats are rough and skins tight upon their ribs, and who do not thrive, require physic. Purging balls are also given with benefit to horses that have mange, or itchy skins—swelled legs, or grease—fever in the feet—inflamed eyes—staggers—locked jaw—any swellings from blows or wounds, &c.

When a sick or lame horse requires physic, to whom exercise would be injurious, let the dose be increased by one or two drams; and to him the ball may be given at any time—either day, or night—he may stand in need of it; in order that its operation may be as speedy as possible.

To a horse not labouring under active disease, a second dose of physic is not to be administered prior to the seventh day; but to a _sick_ one, should the case be urgent, the dose may be repeated at the expiration of twenty-four hours.

Horses suffering from coughs, discharges from the nose, or inflammation of the lungs, are not to have full doses of purgative medicine given them, but the febrifuge, or sedative mass should be given.

NO. II.—FEBRIFUGE MASS.

_A ball contains—Aloes one dram, Antim. tart. one dram, Nitre two drams, and Common Turpentine three drams._

In fever, also in cough or discharge from the nose in which fever is present, this mass is especially useful; and if the fever be violent, the horse ought to lose three or four quarts of blood before the ball is given. Let the animal be warmly clothed—a hood be worn in catarrh—be littered down, have bran mashes in lieu of corn, and be kept still and quiet in a well-ventilated box. The ball may be administered once or twice a day according to the symptoms; but it must be discontinued whenever it seems to affect the appetite, or should purging appear to be coming on. The appetite being restored, and the dung in balls again, should it be required, the ball may be repeated.

NO. III.—SEDATIVE MASS.

_A ball contains—Digitalis one scruple, Antim. tart. one dram, Nitre two drams, Linseed meal three drams, and Treacle three drams._

In case of inflammation of the lungs, these balls are especially beneficial—a disease in which colds and coughs not unfrequently terminate. After having drawn four or five, or even six quarts of blood, according to the violence of the symptoms and the apparent strength of the animal, give a sedative ball three times a day at regular intervals. Let the sides of the chest be well rubbed with some of the blistering liquid, clothe warmly and hand-rub the legs, making use of the turpentine liniment from time to time until they become warm; and bandage them with flannel. Keep the stable well ventilated.

Should the symptoms continue unabated, four or five quarts more blood must be taken away at the expiration of four or five hours from the first bleeding, and the operation may be repeated again in six should the animal continue unrelieved.

Let the horse be littered down, and have bran mashes. No exercise.

NO. IV.—DIURETIC MASS.

_A ball contains—Common Turpentine half an ounce, Nitre two drams, and Sulphur two drams._

Diuretic or urine balls may be given in all cases in which they may be required, one every third night: seldom is it necessary to administer one every other night, and still more rarely every night.

Should the flow of urine prove abundant—the horse frequently making efforts to stale, and groaning in so doing; or if he cannot stale, but appear to experience pain about the loins and hips, and to be stiff in moving those parts, diuretic balls must on no account be given.

Diuretics are beneficial in recent swelled legs; linen bandages and walking exercise being had recourse to at the same time. They are also useful in watery farcy, dropsy, and puffy or watery swelling of all kinds.

NO. V.—ALTERATIVE MASS.

_A ball contains—Aloes one dram, Calomel a scruple, Sulphur half an ounce, and Treacle three drams._

To ill-conditioned horses that do not thrive, notwithstanding they eat and appear otherwise in health—to horses that rub themselves, or that have small lumps or bare places upon the skin (not mange), balls made up of this mass are serviceable; one may be given every day for a week, or every other day for a fortnight, unless the horse should purge, when they are to be omitted, and had recourse to again in the course of a week or ten days.

Bruised corn, hay cut into chaff, and frequent and full supplies of water, contribute to restore such horses to condition. Walking exercise once or twice a day, according to the strength and thrift of the horse, is also recommended.

NO. VI.—TONIC MASS.

_A ball contains—Blue Vitriol one dram, Verdigris half a dram, Linseed meal four drams, and Treacle two drams._

These balls may be administered with advantage to horses affected with farcy, or under suspicion of glanders, after the swelling and inflammation attendant upon those diseases have been abated by bleeding, purging, and diuretic medicines.

Not more than one ought to be given in the space of twenty-four hours; nor on any account should the dose be continued unless the horse’s appetite is good; as soon as he refuses any part of his provender, or appears to be in any manner affected by the medicine, let the ball be omitted.

NO. VII.—ANTI-SPASMODIC DRAUGHT.

_This draught is prepared for horses that become griped, after the following manner:—_

_Mix together two ounces of Spirits of Turpentine, and one ounce of Tincture of Opium, and add a pint and a half of warm water._

In mild cases of gripes this single draught will generally suffice; but in violent attacks, four or five quarts of blood ought to be immediately taken away, and the draught, after an interval of a couple of hours, repeated; also two or three ounces of the turpentine liniment should be well rubbed upon the surface of the belly. If no dung is passed, let the horse be raked, and have clysters of salt and water (about four ounces of salt dissolved in four quarts of water) thrown up every hour until the bowels be relaxed. When the horse continues to lie down and rise in the stall, and to roll upon his back, relief will frequently be given by walking exercise for ten minutes.

Those cases, in which the symptoms do not intermit, and in which the pulse and breathing are much quickened, are not gripes, but _inflammation_ of the bowels. Take away five or six quarts of blood without loss of time, and give a draught composed of eight or ten drams of aloes dissolved in a pint and a half of hot water,[22] with the addition of an ounce of tincture of opium, inject clysters frequently, rub a blister upon the belly, composed of equal parts of oil of turpentine and blistering liquid, wrap the legs in flannel bandages, making use of the turpentine liniment to the legs if cold, and clothe warmly. Water, with the chill taken off, should be plentifully given; or, what is better, water-gruel.

If the symptoms do not speedily subside, draw three or four quarts of blood again, and repeat the blister to the belly, and clysters and turpentine liniment to the legs if not warm.

NO. VIII.—VERMIFUGE POWDER.

_Three drams of this powder, containing one dram of Calomel and two drams of Tartarized antimony, form a dose._

To be given in a bran mash at night to a horse having worms, and to be followed up by the administration of a dose of physic the following morning—paying attention to the directions already laid down under the head—CATHARTIC MASS. The powder and physic may be repeated in the course of a week or ten days.

NO. IX.—ANTI-PURGATION POWDER.

_This powder is composed of prepared Chalk half a pound, Cinnamon four ounces, Tormentil three ounces, Gum arabic three ounces, and Long pepper half an ounce, reduced to a fine powder, and mixed together, with the addition of Gum opium._

An ounce of the powder, which contains only a scruple of gum opium, may be administered in a quart of gruel, in cases of continued purging or scouring, every four or five hours, or as circumstances may require, but its use is to be discontinued when the purging is checked.

NO. X.—DISCUTIENT POWDERS.

_This powder is composed of Zinc vitriol three drams, and Bole armen. one dram._

A lotion, composed of half an ounce of this powder, and one quart of water, is a proper application to sore backs, and to recent swellings from blows or injuries of any kind.

Bandages may be used, wetted with this lotion, in sprains of the back sinews.

NO. XI.—ASTRINGENT POWDER.

_This powder is composed of Linseed meal half an ounce, Powdered alum half an ounce, Blue vitriol half a dram, and Bole armen. two drams._

This powder is prepared principally for grease and thrushes, but it is also a good dressing for unhealthy sores—or sores in which there is proud flesh.

In cases of grease, when the discharge is but little, and not very offensive, besprinkle the affected parts with this powder; let the horse be exercised in the morning and afternoon; and, if the legs be swollen, let a diuretic ball be occasionally administered.

But should the discharge be copious and fetid, apply to the heels, by means of pledgets of tow and linen bandages, a liniment composed of this powder and oil. This dressing ought to continue undisturbed for two or three days; during which time a dose of physic may be administered with considerable benefit. Let his food consist of bran mashes. As soon as the dressings shall have been removed, the animal ought to be exercised for two hours, the heels afterwards wiped dry, and the liniment again applied, unless the discharge have ceased; in which case the powder sprinkled upon the part, as above recommended, and a diuretic or two will complete the cure. Should the case require a repetition of the liniment, purging balls are preferable to diuretics.

Of horses that have thrushes, lower the heels, that the frog may be upon a level with the heels of the shoe, pare out the cleft with a small drawing-knife, so as to cut away the ragged parts of it, and introduce a little of the astringent powder daily, at the evening stable hour. If heat be perceptible in the foot, a dose of physic may be given at the same time.

NO. XII.—OPHTHALMIC POWDER.

_This powder is composed of Sugar of lead two drams, Turmeric half a dram._

So long as the eyes appear red and angry, nothing but cold water should be made use of to them, with which they ought to be continually wet. At the same time, if there be much inflammation, take four or five quarts of blood from that side of the neck corresponding to the affected eye, or from both sides, should both eyes be bad.

When the inflammation is abated, sponge the eyes and eyelids with a lotion, made by dissolving a quarter of an ounce of this powder in a quart of cold spring water, several times in the course of the day.

In every case in which it is found advisable to draw blood, a dose of physic is recommended.

NO. XIII.—BLISTERING LIQUID.

_This liquid is composed of Cantharides four ounces, and Linseed oil a pint and a half._

For sore throat and _jugged_ swellings, in glanders, or farcy—for inflammation of the lungs, and inflammation of the bowels, the blistering liquid is a proper application.

For spavins, splints, old strains, curbs, ringbones, windgalls, thoroughpins, and other enlargements of joints that have no heat in them, and swellings in general which will not yield to simple remedies, this liquid may likewise be used.

Let a small quantity of it be well rubbed in with the hand—without the hair being cut off—and let the same be repeated at the expiration of six hours, should it not have taken effect.

About one table spoonful of this mixture is sufficient for the throat, two for the leg, three for the side or the chest, and so on.

NO. XIV.—TURPENTINE LINIMENT.

_This liniment is composed of equal parts of Spirits of turpentine, and Linseed oil._

In cases of sore throat and cough, this liniment will be found very useful, as well as in cases of inflammation of the lungs, and fever, where the legs are cold, making use at the same time of flannel bandages, and repeating the liniment every two or three hours, until they become warm.

Half an ounce will be found sufficient for a leg, or for the throat, and requires to be well rubbed in.

NO. XV.—TURPENTINE OINTMENT.

_It is composed of equal parts of Common turpentine, and Hog’s lard._

This ointment is the best application that can be made use of in case of treads or wounds on the coronet, between hair and hoof; a small quantity is to be spread upon a pledget of tow, and bound on with a bandage. It is likewise a good dressing for broken knees, or cuts, and to promote the action of rowels.

NO. XVI.—BLACK OIL.

_It is composed of Olive oil one pint, Spirits of turpentine half a pint, and Acid vitriol two drams._

In recent wounds, such as broken knees, or other lacerated wounds, this will be found a good dressing to promote healthy and speedy granulation. It may be applied to extensive wounds by means of a feather; and in cases of broken knees, a pledget of tow is to be bound on with a tail bandage. It is likewise a good application for sitfasts, produced by the pressure of the saddle.

NO. XVII.—HOOF OINTMENT.

_This ointment is composed of Tar, and Train oil, equal parts._

This ointment is intended for brittle feet, or such as have sand cracks.

By mixing one part of the ointment with two of train oil, it forms a good application for mange.

CONGREVE ROCKETS.

Rockets may be of great use when a disembarkation of troops takes place in presence of an enemy, since Rocket men can land with the first party of Infantry, and commence firing before any guns can be brought into position. Rockets will not only be useful against masses of Cavalry, and squares of Infantry, but, when guns cannot be brought up, may be of material benefit in dislodging an enemy from villages or houses, which could not be approached by Infantry alone without a considerable loss of men, and chance of failure. The larger rockets are of great service in bombardments and sieges.

Congreve Rockets are of four different natures—viz., 24 pounders, 12 pounders, 6 pounders, and 3 pounders. The cases are of wrought iron, and the rockets are driven upon the same principle as Signal rockets. Congreve rockets may be used either as shot or shell-rockets, and the shell may be made to burst either at long or short ranges. Each rocket is fitted with a fuze screwed into the base of the shell; this fuze is as long as the size of the shell will admit of, so as to leave sufficient space between the end of it and the inner surface of the shell, for putting in the bursting powder, and the end of the fuze is capped to serve as a guide in the insertion of the boring-bit. There is a hole in the apex of the shell, secured by a screw metal plug, for putting in the bursting powder, and for boring, according to the different ranges at which it may be required to burst the shell.

ON FIRING ROCKETS.

If the Rocket is to be used as a Shot-rocket, the only thing to be attended to, is to take care that there is no powder in the shells, and that the plug is secured in the plug-hole. If the rocket is to be used as a shell-rocket at the longest range, the plug is to be taken out, and the shell filled, the fuze left at its full length, and the plug replaced. If at the shortest range, the fuze is to be entirely bored through, and the rocket composition bored to within an inch and a half of the top of the cone in the 24 pounder rocket, and to within one inch in the 12, 6, and 3 pounder rockets. The distances from the surface of the shell to the top of the cone, and from the surface of the shell to the end of the fuze, and also, the length of the fuze being fixed and known, the place on the boring-bit at which to screw the stopper, whether for various lengths of fuzes, or lengths of rocket composition to be left over the cone, is easily determined; these distances are marked on the brass scales for each nature of rocket, and the length of rocket composition available for boring into, and the lengths of fuze, are also set off and subdivided into tenths of an inch.

ELEVATIONS, RANGES, AND LENGTHS OF FUZE.

The 24 pounder and 12 pounder rockets are very destructive against troops from 800 to 1000 yards; against buildings, &c., from 500 to 600 yards: with 6 pounders about 300 yards, and never at a greater range than 600 or 700 yards.

The range and elevation of a 12 pounder rocket is 10 degrees of elevation for 600 yards, and 1 degree more is given for each additional 100 yards, as far as 1250 yards, the elevation for which will be 16 degrees.

The range and elevation of a 6 pounder rocket is 7¾ degrees for 400 yards, and as far as 700 yards 1 degree for each 100 yards; and from 700 to 1250 yards, half a degree increases the range about 100 yards.

_24 pounders._—If the whole length of fuze is left in the shell, the rocket may be expected to burst at from 3300 to 3700 yards; elevation, 47 degrees.

If the whole of the fuze composition is bored out, and the rocket composition left entire, the shell may be expected to burst at about 2000 yards; elevation, 27 degrees.

If the rocket composition be bored to within 1·5 inch of the top of the cone, the shell may be expected to burst at about 700 yards; elevation, 17 degrees.

_12 pounders._—If the whole length of fuze be left in the shell, the rocket may be expected to burst at about 3000 yards; elevation, 40 degrees.

If the whole of the fuze composition is bored out, and the rocket composition left entire, the shell may be expected to burst at about 1300 yards; elevation, 15 degrees. If the rocket composition be bored to within one inch of the top of the cone, the shell may be expected to burst at about 500 yards; elevation, 9 degrees.

_6 pounders._—If the whole length of the fuze be left in the shell, the rocket may be expected to burst at about 2300 yards; elevation, 37 degrees. If the whole of the fuze composition be bored out, and the rocket composition be left entire, the shell may be expected to burst at about 950 yards; elevation, 13¾ degrees. If the rocket composition be bored to within one inch of the top of the cone, the shell may be expected to burst at about 500 yards; elevation 9½ degrees.

_3 pounders._—If the whole length of the fuze be left in the shell, the rocket may be expected to burst at about 1850 yards; elevation, 25 degrees. If the whole of the fuze composition be bored out, and the rocket composition be left entire, the shell may be expected to burst at about 750 yards; elevation, 10 degrees. If the rocket composition be bored to within one inch of the top of the cone, the shell may be expected to burst at about 500 yards; elevation, 8 degrees.

_Ranges, and Elevation of Congreve rockets._

+---------+-------------------------------------------+ | | Elevation. | | Ranges. +---------------------+---------------------+ | | 12 Pounder. | 6 Pounder. | +---------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ | Yards. | Degrees. | Minutes. | Degrees. | Minutes. | | 400 | | | 7 | 45 | | 500 | | | 8 | 45 | | 600 | 10 | 0 | 9 | 45 | | 700 | 11 | 30 | 10 | 30 | | 800 | 12 | 45 | 11 | 15 | | 900 | 13 | 30 | 11 | 45 | | 1000 | 14 | 0 | 12 | 30 | | 1100 | 14 | 45 | 13 | 15 | | 1200 | 15 | | 14 | 0 | | 1250 | 16 | | 14 | 30 | +---------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

EXERCISE OF ROCKETS.[23]

The 24 pounder is used for siege purposes. The 12 and 6 pounders are for service in the field.

EXERCISE OF 12 AND 6 POUNDER, OR FIELD ROCKETS.

_Telling off the Detachment._

The detachment falls in, in rear of and facing the carriage, and is told off as for gun exercise.

“FORM THE ORDER OF MARCH, LEFT FACE—QUICK MARCH.”

_Disposition and Duties of a Detachment of Seven Men, with a 12 and 6 pounder Rocket._

No. 1 stands one yard in rear of the tube, points, and commands.

3 stands on the left of the tube, | 2 stands on the right of the tube, in line with its centre, | in line with its centre, elevates,and traverses. | elevates, and traverses. 5 stands on the left of the tube, | 4 stands on the right of the tube, in line with the rear of it, | in line with the rear of it, primes, and fires. | brings up rockets, arranges | the priming, and loads. 7 stands in rear of the carriage | 6 stands in rear of the carriage, and prepares rockets. When | assists No. 7 in preparing firing shell-rockets, he bores | rockets. When firing shell out the composition, assisted | rockets he puts in the by No. 6. | bursting powder, &c.

_The following is the proportion of Stores furnished with Field Carriages._

_Two hundred and sixteen rockets with sticks._ } with _Two hundred and sixteen bursters._ } 6 pounder.

_One hundred rockets with sticks._ } with _One hundred bursters._ } 12 pounder.

_One rocket tube. One rocket frame, comprising two } cheeks, a prypole, elevating bar, and tangent scale. } Two funnels. One boring stock. Two boring bits. } with both One brass scale_ fitted to bits. _Two turnscrew bits. } natures. One grease box. One tube pocket with tubes. One } lanyard with hook_ for friction tubes. }

_To every other equipment not exceeding 144 Rockets._

_One rocket tube with frame. One stick for each rocket. One burster ditto. Two funnels. One boring stock. Two boring bits. One brass scale_ fitted to bits. _Two turnscrew bits. One grease box. One tube pocket with tubes. One lanyard with hook_ for friction tubes.

_One angle. One plummet with line. One elevating } with chain. Two guy ropes. Two additional pieces_ for } 24 pounder. the cheeks. }

On field service the bursters are carried in the limber boxes, in canvas cartouches, similar to those in which the field ammunition is carried. The 12 pounder rocket carriage takes 50 bursters in each limber box, and the small stores in a box on the body of the carriage corresponding to the slow match box. The 6 pounder carriage takes 108 bursters in each limber box, and the small stores in a box which is between the limber boxes. In mountain equipments the bursters and small stores are carried in a box fitted to the pack saddle.

[24]ACTION FRONT, REAR, RIGHT, OR LEFT. DRIVE ON. LOAD. ELEVATE. LOWER. HALT. MUZZLE RIGHT, OR LEFT. HALT. Priming, and Firing, as at Field guns.

[Illustration: PLAN OF A GARRISON CARRIAGE.

A _Sides or brackets_ K _Stool bed_ B _Transom_ L _Quoin_ C _Fore axletree_ a _Transom bolt_ D _Hind axletree_ b _Bed bolt_ E _Steps_ c _Bracket bolts_ F _Quarter round or ovolo_ d _Linch-pins_ G _Fore truck_ e _Axletree hoops_ H _Hind truck_ f _Stool bed bolts_ I _Trunnion hole_ g _Eye or loop bolts_ J _Axletree arm_]

[Illustration: ELEVATION OF A GARRISON CARRIAGE.]

EXERCISE OF 24 POUNDER, OR SIEGE ROCKET.

_Disposition, and duties with seven men._

When the detachment is in action, the disposition and duties of the numbers are the same as at the lighter natures.

PUT THE FRAME TOGETHER AT LOW ORDER. RAISE THE FRAME. REEVE THE GUYS. SLING THE ROCKET TUBE, AND FIX THE ANGLE. ADJUST THE FRAME. LOAD. TRAVERSE, when necessary, MUZZLE RIGHT, MUZZLE LEFT. If greater alteration be required, than can be given by means of the guys, the cheeks of the rocket frame are moved in the named direction, CHEEKS TO THE RIGHT, OR LEFT. ELEVATE, when necessary. Priming, and Firing, as directed for Field guns. When the frame is fixed at _Low order_, the prypole forms an angle of 30 degrees with the horizon. If greater elevation than this be required, the frame must be raised to _High order_—45 degrees elevation; or higher still—50 degrees elevation.

PREPARE TO RAISE THE FRAME TO HIGH ORDER. JOIN THE CHEEKS. RAISE THE FRAME. ADJUST THE FRAME. LOAD, ETC. PREPARE TO STRIKE THE FRAME. STRIKE THE FRAME.

REPOSITORY COURSE.

SERVING, AND WORKING HEAVY ORDNANCE.[25]