PART IX.

BATTERIES.—PERMANENT, AND FIELD FORTIFICATION.

Description of Batteries, Embrazures, &c. 223

Dimensions of parapet requisite to be proof 224

Dimensions of an elevated Gun battery 224

Directions for tracing a battery 224

Shelter from an enemy’s fire 225

Epaulments. Elevated sand-bag batteries 226

Half-sunken batteries. Sunken gun batteries 227

Ricochet batteries 227

Fascines 228

Gabions 229

Sod, or turf. Platforms 230

Alderson’s platform 231

Dimensions, and weight of platforms for guns, &c. 232

Carrying, and laying down, Gun, Howitzer, Mortar, and Madras platforms 233

Breach. To burst open gates of fortresses, &c. 233

FORTIFICATION, description of 234

Command. Rampart. Interior slope. Terreplein. Parapet. Banquette. Revetment. Berm 234

Tablette. Cordon. Escarp 235

Counterscarp. Faces. Flank. Bastions. Curtain. Front of fortification. Ditch. Covered way. Glacis. Places of arms. Sally-ports. Traverses 235

Citadel 236

Esplanade. Body of the place. Outworks. Tenaille. Ravelin Horn work. Crown-work. Lunettes. Tenaillons. Flèche. Caponiere. Cunette. Batardeau. Ramp. Cavalier 236

Parallels. Zig-zags, or roads of communication. Redan. Redoubt. Star Fort. Têtes de pont. Lines. Epaulment. Loop holes. Palisades. Fraises. Chevaux de frise. Abattis. Hurdles. Trous de loup 237

PERMANENT FORTIFICATION 238

Remarks, and general rules 238

Vauban’s first system.—Construction 240

Profile, or section of Vauban’s first system 242

Modern system, names of parts 243

FIELD FORTIFICATION 244

Remarks, and general rules 244

Capacity of field works 245

To find the quantity of earth for parapets, and banquettes 245

To find, rapidly, ditto, ditto 245

To compute the content of the ditch 245

To find the breadth of the ditch 245

Construction of field works 246

The redan. The lunette. The square redoubt. The pentagonal redoubt. The hexagonal redoubt. The circular redoubt. The star fort. The field fort with bastions, and half bastions 246

The bridge head, or tête du pont 247

Lines. Bridges. Passages. Traverses 247

Table—Dimensions of parapets, ditches, &c., of field works 248

Simple methods of tracing field works on the ground. Square redoubt. Pentagonal redoubt. Hexagonal redoubt. Octagonal redoubt. Front of fortification 249