Part 14

298. [Eating.] Food — N. eating &c v.; deglutition, gulp, epulation†, mastication, manducation†, rumination; gluttony &c 957. [eating specific foods] hippophagy†, ichthyophagy†. [Eating anatomy:] (appetite) &c 865; mouth, jaws, mandible, mazard†, gob [Slang], chops. drinking &c v.; potation, draught, libation; carousal &c (amusement) 840; drunkenness &c 959. food, pabulum; aliment, nourishment, nutriment; sustenance, sustentation, sustention; nurture, subsistence, provender, corn, feed, fodder, provision, ration, keep, commons, board; commissariat &c (provision) 637; prey, forage, pasture, pasturage; fare, cheer; diet, dietary; regimen; belly timber, staff of life; bread, bread and cheese. comestibles, eatables, victuals, edibles, ingesta; grub, grubstake, prog†, meat; bread, bread stuffs; cerealia†; cereals; viands, cates†, delicacy, dainty, creature comforts, contents of the larder, fleshpots; festal board; ambrosia; good cheer, good living. beef, bisquit†, bun; cornstarch [U.S.]; cookie, cooky [U.S.]; cracker, doughnut; fatling†; hardtack, hoecake [U.S.], hominy [U.S.]; mutton, pilot bread; pork; roti†, rusk, ship biscuit; veal; joint, piece de resistance [Fr.], roast and boiled; remove, entremet†, releve [Fr.], hash, rechauffe [Fr.], stew, ragout, fricassee, mince; pottage, potage†, broth, soup, consomme, puree, spoonmeat†; pie, pasty, volauvent†; pudding, omelet; pastry; sweets &c 296; kickshaws†; condiment &c 393. appetizer, hors d'oeuvre [Fr.]. main course, entree. alligator pear, apple &c, apple slump; artichoke; ashcake†, griddlecake, pancake, flapjack; atole†, avocado, banana, beche de mer [Fr.], barbecue, beefsteak; beet root; blackberry, blancmange, bloater, bouilli†, bouillon, breadfruit, chop suey [U.S.]; chowder, chupatty†, clam, compote, damper, fish, frumenty†, grapes, hasty pudding, ice cream, lettuce, mango, mangosteen, mince pie, oatmeal, oyster, pineapple, porridge, porterhouse steak, salmis†, sauerkraut, sea slug, sturgeon ("Albany beef"), succotash [U.S.], supawn [U.S.], trepang†, vanilla, waffle, walnut. table, cuisine, bill of fare, menu, table d'hote [Fr.], ordinary, entree. meal, repast, feed, spread; mess; dish, plate, course; regale; regalement†, refreshment, entertainment; refection, collation, picnic, feast, banquet, junket; breakfast; lunch, luncheon; dejeuner [Fr.], bever†, tiffin†, dinner, supper, snack, junk food, fast food, whet, bait, dessert; potluck, table d'hote [Fr.], dejeuner a la fourchette [Fr.]; hearty meal, square meal, substantial meal, full meal; blowout [Slang]; light refreshment; bara†, chotahazri†; bara khana†. mouthful, bolus, gobbet†, morsel, sop, sippet†. drink, beverage, liquor, broth, soup; potion, dram, draught, drench, swill [Slang]; nip, sip, sup, gulp. wine, spirits, liqueur, beer, ale, malt liquor, Sir John Barleycorn, stingo†, heavy wet; grog, toddy, flip, purl, punch, negus†, cup, bishop, wassail; gin &c (intoxicating liquor) 959; coffee, chocolate, cocoa, tea, the cup that cheers but not inebriates; bock beer, lager beer, Pilsener beer, schenck beer†; Brazil tea, cider, claret, ice water, mate, mint julep [U.S.]; near beer, 3.2 beer, non- alcoholic beverage. eating house &c 189. [person who eats] diner; hippophage; glutton &c 957. V. eat, feed, fare, devour, swallow, take; gulp, bolt, snap; fall to; despatch, dispatch; discuss; take down, get down, gulp down; lay in, tuck in [Slang]; lick, pick, peck; gormandize &c 957; bite, champ, munch, cranch†, craunch†, crunch, chew, masticate, nibble, gnaw, mumble. live on; feed upon, batten upon, fatten upon, feast upon; browse, graze, crop, regale; carouse &c (make merry) 840; eat heartily, do justice to, play a good knife and fork, banquet. break bread, break one's fast; breakfast, lunch, dine, take tea, sup. drink in, drink up, drink one's fill; quaff, sip, sup; suck, suck up; lap; swig; swill [Slang], chugalug [Slang], tipple &c (be drunken) 959; empty one's glass, drain the cup; toss off, toss one's glass; wash down, crack a bottle, wet one's whistle. purvey &c 637. Adj. eatable, edible, esculent†, comestible, alimentary; cereal, cibarious†; dietetic; culinary; nutritive, nutritious; gastric; succulent; potable, potulent†; bibulous. omnivorous, carnivorous, herbivorous, granivorous, graminivorous, phytivorous; ichthyivorous; omophagic, omophagous; pantophagous, phytophagous, xylophagous. Phr. across the walnuts and the wine [Tennyson]; blessed hour of our dinners! [O. Meredith]; now good digestion wait on appetite, and health on both! [Macbeth]; who can cloy the hungry edge of appetite? [Richard II],

299. Excretion — N. excretion, discharge, emanation; exhalation, exudation, extrusion, secretion, effusion, extravasation [Med.], ecchymosis [Med.]; evacuation, dejection, faeces, excrement, shit, stools, crap [Vulg.]; bloody flux; cacation†; coeliac-flux, coeliac- passion; dysentery; perspiration, sweat; subation†, exudation; diaphoresis; sewage; eccrinology [Med.]. saliva, spittle, rheum; ptyalism†, salivation, catarrh; diarrhoea; ejecta, egesta [Biol.], sputa; excreta; lava; exuviae &c (uncleanness) 653 [Lat.]. hemorrhage, bleeding; outpouring &c (egress) 295. V. excrete &c (eject) 297; emanate &c (come out) 295.

300. [Forcible ingress.] Insertion — N. insertion, implantation, introduction; insinuation &c (intervention) 228; planting, &c v.; injection, inoculation, importation, infusion; forcible ingress &c 294; immersion; submersion, submergence, dip, plunge; bath &c (water) 337; interment &c 363. clyster [Med.], enema, glyster†, lavage, lavement†. V. insert; introduce, intromit; put into, run into; import; inject; interject &c 298; infuse, instill, inoculate, impregnate, imbue, imbrue. graft, ingraft†, bud, plant, implant; dovetail. obtrude; thrust in, stick in, ram in, stuff in, tuck in, press, in, drive in, pop in, whip in, drop in, put in; impact; empierce† &c (make a hole) 260 [Obs.]. imbed; immerse, immerge, merge; bathe, soak &c (water) 337; dip, plunge &c 310. bury &c (inter) 363. insert itself, lodge itself &c; plunge in medias res. Adj. inserted &c v..

301. [Forcible egress.] Extraction — N. extraction; extracting &c v.; removal, elimination, extrication, eradication, evolution. evulsion†, avulsion†; wrench; expression, squeezing; extirpation, extermination; ejection &c 297; export &c (egress) 295. extractor, corkscrew, forceps, pliers. V. extract, draw; take out, draw out, pull out, tear out, pluck out, pick out, get out; wring from, wrench; extort; root up, weed up, grub up, rake up, root out, weed out, grub out, rake out; eradicate; pull up by the roots, pluck up by the roots; averruncate†; unroot†; uproot, pull up, extirpate, dredge. remove; educe, elicit; evolve, extricate; eliminate &c (eject) 297; eviscerate &c 297. express, squeeze out, press out. Adj. extracted &c v..

302. [Motion through.] Passage — N. passage, transmission; permeation; penetration, interpenetration; transudation, infiltration; endosmose exosmose†; endosmosis [Chem]; intercurrence†; ingress &c 294; egress &c 295; path &c 627; conduit &c 350; opening &c 260; journey &c 266; voyage &c 267. V. pass, pass through; perforate &c (hole) 260; penetrate, permeate, thread, thrid†, enfilade; go through, go across; go over, pass over; cut across; ford, cross; pass and repass, work; make one's way, thread one's way, worm one's way, force one's way; make a passage form a passage; cut one's way through; find its way, find its vent; transmit, make way, clear the course; traverse, go over the ground. Adj. passing &c v.; intercurrent†; endosmosmic†, endosmotic [Chem]. Adv. en passant &c (transit) 270 [Fr.].

303. [Motion beyond] Transcursion — N. transcursion†, transiliency†, transgression; trespass; encroachment, infringement; extravagation†, transcendence; redundancy &c 641. V. transgress, surpass, pass; go beyond, go by; show in front, come to the front; shoot ahead of; steal a march upon, steal a gain upon. overstep, overpass, overreach, overgo†, override, overleap, overjump†, overskip†, overlap, overshoot the mark; outstrip, outleap, outjump, outgo, outstep†, outrun, outride, outrival, outdo; beat, beat hollow; distance; leave in the lurch, leave in the rear; throw into the shade; exceed, transcend, surmount; soar &c (rise) 305. encroach, trespass, infringe, trench upon, entrench on, intrench on†; strain; stretch a point, strain a point; cross the Rubicon. Adj. surpassing &c v.. Adv. beyond the mark, ahead.

304. [motion short of] Shortcoming — N. shortcoming, failure; falling short &c v.; default, defalcation; leeway; labor in vain, no go. incompleteness &c 53; imperfection &c 651; insufficiency &c 640; noncompletion &c 730; failure &c 732. V. 303, come short of, fall short of, stop short of, come short, fall short, stop short; not reach; want; keep within bounds, keep within the mark, keep within the compass. break down, stick in the mud, collapse, flat out [U.S.], come to nothing; fall through, fall to the ground; cave in, end in smoke, miss the mark, fail; lose ground; miss stays. Adj. unreached; deficient; short, short of; minus; out of depth; perfunctory &c (neglect) 460. Adv. within the mark, within the compass, within the bounds; behindhand; re infecta [Lat.]; to no purpose; for from it. Phr. the bubble burst.

305. [Motion upwards] Ascent — N. ascent, ascension; rising &c 309; acclivity, hill &c 217; flight of steps, flight of stairs; ladder rocket, lark; sky rocket, sky lark; Alpine Club. V. ascend, rise, mount, arise, uprise; go up, get up, work one's way up, start up; shoot up, go into orbit; float up; bubble up; aspire. climb, clamber, ramp, scramble, escalade†, surmount; shin, shinny, shinney; scale, scale the heights. [cause to go up] raise, elevate &c 307. go aloft, fly aloft; tower, soar, take off; spring up, pop up, jump up, catapult upwards, explode upwards; hover, spire, plane, swim, float, surge; leap &c 309. Adj. rising &c v.. scandent†, buoyant; supernatant, superfluitant†; excelsior. Adv. uphill.

306. [Motion downwards] Descent — N. descent, descension†, declension, declination; fall; falling &c v.; slump; drop, plunge, plummet, cadence; subsidence, collapse, lapse; downfall, tumble, slip, tilt, trip, lurch; cropper, culbute†; titubation†, stumble; fate of Icarus. avalanche, debacle, landslip, landslide. declivity, dip, hill. [equipment for descending by rappeling] rappel. V. descend; go down, drop down, come down; fall, gravitate, drop, slip, slide, rappel, settle; plunge, plummet, crash; decline, set, sink, droop, come down a peg; slump. dismount, alight, light, get down; swoop; stoop &c 308; fall prostrate, precipitate oneself; let fall &c 308. tumble, trip, stumble, titubate†, lurch, pitch, swag, topple, topple over, tumble over, topple down, tumble down; tilt, sprawl, plump down, come down a cropper. Adj. descending &c v.; descendent; decurrent†, decursive†; labent†, deciduous; nodding to its fall. Adv. downhill, downwards. Phr. the bottom fell out.

307. Elevation — N. elevation; raising &c v.; erection, lift; sublevation†, upheaval; sublimation, exaltation; prominence &c (convexity) 250. lever &c 633; crane, derrick, windlass, capstan, winch; dredge, dredger, dredging machine. dumbwaiter, elevator, escalator, lift. V. heighten, elevate, raise, lift, erect; set up, stick up, perch up, perk up, tilt up; rear, hoist, heave; uplift, upraise, uprear, upbear†, upcast†, uphoist†, upheave; buoy, weigh mount, give a lift; exalt; sublimate; place on a pedestal, set on a pedestal. escalate &c (increase) 35 102 194. take up, drag up, fish up; dredge. stand up, rise up, get up, jump up; spring to one's feet; hold oneself, hold one's head up; drawn oneself up to his full height. Adj. elevated &c v.; stilted, attollent†, rampant. Adv. on stilts, on the shoulders of, on one's legs, on one's hind legs.

308. Depression — N. lowering &c v.; depression; dip &c (concavity) 252; abasement; detrusion†; reduction. overthrow, overset†, overturn; upset; prostration, subversion, precipitation. bow; courtesy, curtsy; genuflexion†, genuflection, kowtow, obeisance, salaam. V. depress, lower, let down, take down, let down a peg, take down a peg; cast; let drop, let fall; sink, debase, bring low, abase, reduce, detrude†, pitch, precipitate. overthrow, overturn, overset†; upset, subvert, prostate, level, fell; cast down, take down, throw down, fling down, dash down, pull down, cut down, knock down, hew down; raze, raze to the ground, rase to the ground†; trample in the dust, pull about one's ears. sit, sit down; couch, squat, crouch, stoop, bend, bow; courtesy, curtsy; bob, duck, dip, kneel; bend the knee, bow the knee, bend the head, bow the head; cower; recline &c (be horizontal) 213. Adj. depressed &c v.; at a low ebb; prostrate &c (horizontal) 213; detrusive†. Phr. facinus quos inquinat aequat [Lat.] [Lucan].

309. Leap — N. leap, jump, hop, spring, bound, vault, saltation†. ance, caper; curvet, caracole; gambade†, gambado†; capriole, demivolt†; buck, buck jump; hop skip and jump; falcade†. kangaroo, jerboa; chamois, goat, frog, grasshopper, flea; buckjumper†; wallaby. V. leap; jump up, jump over the moon; hop, spring, bound, vault, ramp, cut capers, trip, skip, dance, caper; buck, buck jump; curvet, caracole; foot it, bob, bounce, flounce, start; frisk &c (amusement) 840; jump about &c (agitation) 315; trip it on the light fantastic toe, trip the light fantastic, dance oneself off one's legs, dance off one's shoes. Adj. leaping &c v.; saltatory†, frisky. Adv. on the light fantastic toe. Phr. di salto in salto [It].

310. Plunge — N. plunge, dip, dive, header; ducking &c v.; diver. V. plunge, dip, souse, duck; dive, plump; take a plunge, take a header; make a plunge; bathe &c (water) 337. submerge, submerse; immerse; douse, sink, engulf, send to the bottom. get out of one's depth; go to the bottom, go down like a stone, drop like a lead balloon; founder, welter, wallow.

311. [Curvilinear motion.] Circuition — N. circuition†, circulation; turn, curvet; excursion, circumvention, circumnavigation, circumambulation; northwest passage; circuit &c 629. turning &c v.; wrench; evolution; coil, corkscrew. V. turn, bend, wheel; go about, put about; heel; go round to the right about, turn round to the right about; turn on one's heel; make a circle, make a complete circle, describe a circle, describe a complete circle; go through 180 degrees, go through 360 degrees, pass through 180 degrees, pass through 360 degrees. circumnavigate, circumambulate, circumvent; put a girdle round about the earth [M.N.D.]; go the round, make the round of. wind, circulate, meander; whisk, twirl; twist &c (convolution) 248; make a detour &c (circuit) 629. Adj. turning &c v.; circuitous; circumforaneous†, circumfluent†. Adv. round about.

312. [Motion in a continued circle.] Rotation — N. rotation, revolution, spinning, gyration, turning about an axis, turning aound an axis, circulation, roll; circumrotation†, circumvolution, circumgyration†; volutation†, circination†, turbination†, pirouette, convolution. verticity†, whir, whirl, eddy, vortex, whirlpool, gurge†; countercurrent; Maelstrom, Charybdis; Ixion. [rotating air] cyclone; tornado, whirlwind; dust devil. [rotation of an automobile] spin-out. axis, axis of rotation, swivel, pivot, pivot point; axle, spindle, pin, hinge, pole, arbor, bobbin, mandrel; axle shaft; gymbal; hub, hub of rotation. [rotation and translation together] helix, helical motion. [measure of rotation] angular momentum, angular velocity; revolutions per minute, RPM. [result of rotation] centrifugal force; surge; vertigo, dizzy round; coriolus force. [things that go around] carousel, merry-go-round; Ferris wheel; top, dreidel†, teetotum; gyroscope; turntable, lazy suzan; screw, whirligig, rollingstone†, water wheel, windmill; wheel, pulley wheel, roulette wheel, potter's wheel, pinwheel, gear; roller; flywheel; jack; caster; centrifuge, ultracentrifuge, bench centrifuge, refrigerated centrifuge, gas centrifuge, microfuge; drill, augur, oil rig; wagon wheel, wheel, tire, tyre [Brit.]. [Science of rotary motion] trochilics†. [person who rotates] whirling dervish. V. rotate; roll along; revolve, spin; turn round; circumvolve†; circulate; gyre, gyrate, wheel, whirl, pirouette; twirl, trundle, troll, bowl. roll up, furl; wallow, welter; box the compass; spin like a top, spin like a teetotum†. [of an automobile] spin out. Adj. rotating &c v.; rotary, rotary; circumrotatory†, trochilic†, vertiginous, gyratory; vortical, vorticose†. Adv. head over heels, round and round, like a horse in a mill.

313. [Motion in the reverse circle.] Evolution — N. evolution, unfolding, development; evolvement; unfoldment; eversion &c (inversion) 218. V. evolve; unfold, unroll, unwind, uncoil, untwist, unfurl, untwine, unravel; untangle, disentangle; develop. Adj. evolving &c v.; evolved &c v..

314. [Reciprocating motion, motion to and fro.] Oscillation — N. oscillation; vibration, libration; motion of a pendulum; nutation; undulation; pulsation; pulse. alternation; coming and going &c v.; ebb and flow, flux and reflux, ups and down. fluctuation; vacillation &c (irresolution) 605. wave, vibratiuncle†, swing, beat, shake, wag, seesaw, dance, lurch, dodge; logan†, loggan†, rocking-stone, vibroscope†. V. oscillate; vibrate, librate†; alternate, undulate, wave; rock, swing; pulsate, beat; wag, waggle; nod, bob, courtesy, curtsy; tick; play; wamble†, wabble†; dangle, swag. fluctuate, dance, curvet, reel, quake; quiver, quaver; shake, flicker; wriggle; roll, toss, pitch; flounder, stagger, totter; move up and down, bob up and down &c adv.; pass and repass, ebb and flow, come and go; vacillate &c 605; teeter [U.S.]. brandish, shake, flourish. Adj. oscillating &c v.; oscillatory, undulatory, pulsatory†, libratory, rectilinear; vibratory, vibratile†; pendulous. Adv. to and fro, up and down, backwards and forwards, hither and yon, seesaw, zigzag, wibble-wabble†, in and out, from side to side, like buckets in a well.

315. [Irregular motion] Agitation — N. agitation, stir, tremor, shake, ripple, jog, jolt, jar, jerk, shock, succussion†, trepidation, quiver, quaver, dance; jactitation†, quassation†; shuffling &c v.; twitter, flicker, flutter. turbulence, perturbation; commotion, turmoil, disquiet; tumult, tumultuation†; hubbub, rout, bustle, fuss, racket, subsultus†, staggers, megrims, epilepsy, fits; carphology†, chorea, floccillation†, the jerks, St. Vitus's dance, tilmus†. spasm, throe, throb, palpitation, convulsion. disturbance, chaos &c (disorder) 59; restlessness &c (changeableness) 149. ferment, fermentation; ebullition, effervescence, hurly-burly, cahotage†; tempest, storm, ground swell, heavy sea, whirlpool, vortex &c 312; whirlwind &c (wind) 349. V. be agitated &c; shake; tremble, tremble like an aspen leaf; quiver, quaver, quake, shiver, twitter, twire†, writhe, toss, shuffle, tumble, stagger, bob, reel, sway, wag, waggle; wriggle, wriggle like an eel; dance, stumble, shamble, flounder, totter, flounce, flop, curvet, prance, cavort [U.S.]; squirm. throb, pulsate, beat, palpitate, go pitapat; flutter, flitter, flicker, bicker; bustle. ferment, effervesce, foam; boil, boil over; bubble up; simmer. toss about, jump about; jump like a parched pea; shake like an aspen leaf; shake to its center, shake to its foundations; be the sport of the winds and waves; reel to and fro like a drunken man; move from post to pillar and from pillar to post, drive from post to pillar and from pillar to post, keep between hawk and buzzard. agitate, shake, convulse, toss, tumble, bandy, wield, brandish, flap, flourish, whisk, jerk, hitch, jolt; jog, joggle, jostle, buffet, hustle, disturb, stir, shake up, churn, jounce, wallop, whip, vellicate†. Adj. shaking &c v.; agitated tremulous; desultory, subsultory†; saltatoric†; quasative†; shambling; giddy-paced, saltatory†, convulsive, unquiet, restless, all of a twitter. Adv. by fits and starts; subsultorily† &c adj.†; per saltum [Lat.]; hop skip and jump; in convulsions, in fits. Phr. tempete dans un verre d'eau [Fr.].

CLASS III WORDS RELATING TO MATTER

SECTION I. MATTER IN GENERAL

316. Materiality — N. materiality, materialness; corporeity†, corporality†; substantiality, substantialness, flesh and blood, plenum; physical condition. matter, body, substance, brute matter, stuff, element, principle, parenchyma [Biol.], material, substratum, hyle†, corpus, pabulum; frame. object, article, thing, something; still life; stocks and stones; materials &c 635. [Science of matter] physics; somatology†, somatics; natural philosophy, experimental philosophy; physicism†; physical science, philosophie positive [Fr.], materialism; materialist; physicist; somatism†, somatist†. Adj. material, bodily; corporeal, corporal; physical; somatic, somatoscopic†; sensible, tangible, ponderable, palpable, substantial. objective, impersonal, nonsubjective†, neuter, unspiritual, materialistic.

317. Immateriality — N. immateriality, immaterialness; incorporeity†, spirituality; inextension†; astral plane. personality; I, myself, me; ego, spirit &c (soul) 450; astral body; immaterialism†; spiritualism, spiritualist. V. disembody, spiritualize. Adj. immaterial, immateriate†; incorporeal, incorporal†; incorporate, unfleshly†; supersensible†; asomatous†, unextended†; unembodied†, disembodied; extramundane, unearthly; pneumatoscopic†; spiritual &c (psychical) 450 [Obs.]. personal, subjective, nonobjective.

318. World — N. world, creation, nature, universe; earth, globe, wide world; cosmos; kosmos†; terraqueous globe†, sphere; macrocosm, megacosm†; music of the spheres. heavens, sky, welkin†, empyrean; starry cope, starry heaven, starry host; firmament; Midgard; supersensible regions†; varuna; vault of heaven, canopy of heaven; celestial spaces. heavenly bodies, stars, asteroids; nebulae; galaxy, milky way, galactic circle, via lactea [Lat.], ame no kawa [Jap.]. sun, orb of day, Apollo†, Phoebus; photosphere, chromosphere; solar system; planet, planetoid; comet; satellite, moon, orb of night, Diana, silver-footed queen; aerolite†, meteor; planetary ring; falling star, shooting star; meteorite, uranolite†. constellation, zodiac, signs of the zodiac, Charles's wain, Big Dipper, Little Dipper, Great Bear, Southern Cross, Orion's belt, Cassiopea's chair, Pleiades. colures†, equator, ecliptic, orbit. [Science of heavenly bodies] astronomy; uranography, uranology†; cosmology, cosmography†, cosmogony; eidouranion†, orrery; geodesy &c (measurement) 466; star gazing, star gazer†; astronomer; observatory; planetarium. Adj. cosmic, cosmical†; mundane, terrestrial, terrestrious†, terraqueous†, terrene, terreous†, telluric, earthly, geotic†, under the sun; sublunary†, subastral†. solar, heliacal†; lunar; celestial, heavenly, sphery†; starry, stellar; sidereal, sideral†; astral; nebular; uranic. Adv. in all creation, on the face of the globe, here below, under the sun. Phr. die Weltgeschichte ist das Weltergesicht [G.]; earth is but the frozen echo of the silent voice of God [Hageman]; green calm below, blue quietness above [Whittier]; hanging in a golden chain this pendant World [Paradise Lost]; nothing in nature is unbeautiful [Tennyson]; silently as a dream the fabric rose [Cowper]; some touch of nature's genial glow [Scott]; this majestical roof fretted with golden fire [Hamlet]; through knowledge we behold the World's creation [Spenser].

319. Gravity — N. gravity, gravitation; weight; heaviness &c adj.; specific gravity; pondorosity†, pressure, load; burden, burthen†; ballast, counterpoise; lump of, mass of, weight of. lead, millstone, mountain, Ossa on Pelion. weighing, ponderation†, trutination†; weights; avoirdupois weight, troy weight, apothecaries' weight; grain, scruple, drachma†, ounce, pound, lb, arroba†, load, stone, hundredweight, cwt, ton, long ton, metric ton, quintal, carat, pennyweight, tod†. [metric weights] gram, centigram, milligram, microgram, kilogram; nanogram, picogram, femtogram, attogram. [Weighing Instrument] balance, scale, scales, steelyard, beam, weighbridge†; spring balance, piezoelectric balance, analytical balance, two-pan balance, one-pan balance; postal scale, baby scale. [Science of gravity] statics. V. be heavy &c adj.; gravitate, weigh, press, cumber, load. [Measure the weight of] weigh, poise. Adj. weighty; weighing &c v.; heavy as lead; ponderous, ponderable; lumpish†, lumpy, cumbersome, burdensome; cumbrous, unwieldy, massive. incumbent, superincumbent†.

320. Levity — N. levity; lightness &c adj.; imponderability, buoyancy, volatility. feather, dust, mote, down, thistle, down, flue, cobweb, gossamer, straw, cork, bubble, balloon; float, buoy; ether, air. leaven, ferment, barm†, yeast. lighter-than-air balloon, helium balloon, hydrogen balloon, hot air balloon. convection, thermal draft, thermal. V. be light &c adj.; float, rise, swim, be buoyed up. render light &c adj.; lighten, leaven. Adj. light, subtile, airy; imponderous†, imponderable; astatic†, weightless, ethereal, sublimated; gossamery; suberose†, suberous†; uncompressed, volatile; buoyant, floating &c v.; portable. light as a feather, light as a thistle, light as air; lighter than air; rise like a balloon, float like a balloon

SECTION II. INORGANIC MATTER

1. SOLID MATTER

321. Density — N. density, solidity; solidness &c adj.; impenetrability, impermeability; incompressibility; imporosity†; cohesion &c 46; constipation, consistence, spissitude†. specific gravity; hydrometer, areometer†. condensation; caseation†; solidation†, solidification; consolidation; concretion, coagulation; petrification &c (hardening) 323; crystallization, precipitation; deposit, precipitate; inspissation†; gelation, thickening &c v.. indivisibility, indiscerptibility†, insolubility, indissolvableness. solid body, mass, block, knot, lump; concretion, concrete, conglomerate; cake, clot, stone, curd, coagulum; bone, gristle, cartilage; casein, crassamentum†; legumin†. superdense matter, condensed states of matter; dwarf star, neutron star. V. be dense &c adj.; become solid, render solid &c adj.; solidify, solidate†; concrete, set, take a set, consolidate, congeal, coagulate; curd, curdle; lopper; fix, clot, cake, candy, precipitate, deposit, cohere, crystallize; petrify &c (harden) 323. condense, thicken, gel, inspissate†, incrassate†; compress, squeeze, ram down, constipate. Adj. dense, solid; solidified &c v.; caseous; pukka†; coherent, cohesive &c 46; compact, close, serried, thickset; substantial, massive, lumpish†; impenetrable, impermeable, nonporous, imporous†; incompressible; constipated; concrete &c (hard) 323; knotted, knotty; gnarled; crystalline, crystallizable; thick, grumous†, stuffy. undissolved, unmelted†, unliquefied†, unthawed†. indivisible, indiscerptible†, infrangible†, indissolvable†, indissoluble, insoluble, infusible.

322. Rarity — N. rarity, tenuity; absence of solidity &c 321; subtility†; subtilty†, subtlety; sponginess, compressibility. rarefaction, expansion, dilatation, inflation, subtilization†. vaporization, evaporation, diffusion, gassification†. ether &c (gas) 334. V. rarefy, expand, dilate, subtilize†. Adj. rare, subtile, thin, fine, tenuous, compressible, flimsy, slight; light &c 320; cavernous, spongy &c (hollow) 252. rarefied &c v.; unsubstantial; uncompact†, incompressed†; rarefiable†.

323. Hardness — N. hardness &c adj.; rigidity; renitence†, renitency; inflexibility, temper, callosity, durity†. induration, petrifaction; lapidification†, lapidescence†; vitrification, ossification; crystallization. stone, pebble, flint, marble, rock, fossil, crag, crystal, quartz, granite, adamant; bone, cartilage; hardware; heart of oak, block, board, deal board; iron, steel; cast iron, decarbonized iron, wrought iron; nail; brick, concrete; cement. V. render hard &c adj.; harden, stiffen, indurate, petrify, temper, ossify, vitrify; accrust†. Adj. hard, rigid, stubborn, stiff, firm; starch, starched; stark, unbending, unlimber, unyielding; inflexible, tense; indurate, indurated; gritty, proof. adamant, adamantine, adamantean†; concrete, stony, granitic, calculous, lithic†, vitreous; horny, corneous†; bony; osseous, ossific†; cartilaginous; hard as a rock &c n.; stiff as buckram, stiff as a poker; stiff as starch, stiff as as board.

324. Softness — N. softness, pliableness &c adj.; flexibility; pliancy, pliability; sequacity†, malleability; ductility, tractility†; extendibility, extensibility; plasticity; inelasticity, flaccidity, laxity. penetrability. clay, wax, butter, dough, pudding; alumina, argil; cushion, pillow, feather bed, down, padding, wadding; foam. mollification; softening &c v.. V. render soft &c adj.; soften, mollify, mellow, relax, temper; mash, knead, squash. bend, yield, relent, relax, give. plasticize'. Adj. soft, tender, supple; pliant, pliable; flexible, flexile; lithe, lithesome; lissom, limber, plastic; ductile; tractile†, tractable; malleable, extensile, sequacious†, inelastic; aluminous†; remollient†. yielding &c v.; flabby, limp, flimsy. doughy, spongy, penetrable, foamy, cushiony†. flaccid, flocculent, downy; edematous, oedematous†, medullary [Anat.], argillaceous, mellow. soft as butter, soft as down, soft as silk; yielding as wax, tender as chicken.