Part 18

413. Melody. Concord — N. melody, rhythm, measure; rhyme &c (poetry) 597. pitch, timbre, intonation, tone. scale, gamut; diapason; diatonic chromatic scale†, enharmonic scale†; key, clef, chords. modulation, temperament, syncope, syncopation, preparation, suspension, resolution. staff, stave, line, space, brace; bar, rest; appoggiato†, appoggiatura†; acciaccatura†. note, musical note, notes of a scale; sharp, flat, natural; high note &c (shrillness) 410; low note &c 408; interval; semitone; second, third, fourth &c; diatessaron†. breve, semibreve [Mus.], minim, crotchet, quaver; semiquaver, demisemiquaver, hemidemisemiquaver; sustained note, drone, burden. tonic; key note, leading note, fundamental note; supertonic†, mediant†, dominant; submediant†, subdominant†; octave, tetrachord†; major key, minor key, major scale, minor scale, major mode, minor mode; passage, phrase. concord, harmony; emmeleia†; unison, unisonance†; chime, homophony; euphony, euphonism†; tonality; consonance; consent; part. [Science of harmony] harmony, harmonics; thorough-bass, fundamental-bass; counterpoint; faburden†. piece of music &c 415 [Fr.]; composer, harmonist†, contrapuntist (musician) 416. V. be harmonious &c adj.; harmonize, chime, symphonize†, transpose; put in tune, tune, accord, string. Adj. harmonious, harmonical†; in concord &c n., in tune, in concert; unisonant†, concentual†, symphonizing†, isotonic, homophonous†, assonant; ariose†, consonant. measured, rhythmical, diatonic†, chromatic, enharmonic†. melodious, musical; melic†; tuneful, tunable; sweet, dulcet, canorous†; mellow, mellifluous; soft, clear, clear as a bell; silvery; euphonious, euphonic, euphonical†; symphonious; enchanting &c (pleasure- giving) 829; fine-toned, full-toned, silver-toned. Adv. harmoniously, in harmony; as one &c adj.. Phr. the hidden soul of harmony [Milton].

414. Discord — N. discord, discordance; dissonance, cacophony, want of harmony, caterwauling; harshness &c 410. [Confused sounds], Babel, Dutch concert, cat's concert; marrowbones and cleavers. V. be discordant &c adj.; jar &c (sound harshly) 410. Adj. discordant; dissonant, absonant†; out of tune, tuneless; unmusical, untunable†; unmelodious, immelodious†; unharmonious†, inharmonious; singsong; cacophonous; harsh &c 410; jarring.

415. Music — N. music; concert; strain, tune, air; melody &c 413; aria, arietta†; piece of music [Fr.], work, number, opus; sonata; rondo, rondeau [Fr.]; pastorale, cavatina†, roulade†, fantasia, concerto, overture, symphony, variations, cadenza; cadence; fugue, canon, quodlibet, serenade, notturno [It], dithyramb; opera, operetta; oratorio; composition, movement; stave; passamezzo [It], toccata, Vorspiel [G.]. instrumental music; full score; minstrelsy, tweedledum and tweedledee, band, orchestra; concerted piece [Fr.], potpourri, capriccio. vocal music, vocalism†; chaunt, chant; psalm, psalmody; hymn; song &c (poem) 597; canticle, canzonet†, cantata, bravura, lay, ballad, ditty, carol, pastoral, recitative, recitativo†, solfeggio†. Lydian measures; slow music, slow movement; adagio &c adv.; minuet; siren strains, soft music, lullaby; dump; dirge &c (lament) 839; pibroch†; martial music, march; dance music; waltz &c (dance) 840. solo, duet, duo, trio; quartet, quartett†; septett†; part song, descant, glee, madrigal, catch, round, chorus, chorale; antiphon†, antiphony; accompaniment, second, bass; score; bourdon†, drone, morceau†, terzetto†. composer &c 413; musician &c 416. V. compose, perform &c 416; attune. Adj. musical; instrumental, vocal, choral, lyric, operatic; harmonious &c 413; Wagnerian. Adv. adagio; largo, larghetto, andante, andantino†; alla capella [It]; maestoso†, moderato; allegro, allegretto; spiritoso†, vivace†, veloce†; presto, prestissimo†; con brio; capriccioso†; scherzo, scherzando†; legato, staccato, crescendo, diminuendo, rallentando†, affettuoso†; obbligato; pizzicato; desto†. Phr. in notes by distance made more sweet [Collins]; like the faint exquisite music of a dream [Moore]; music arose with its voluptuous swell [Byron]; music is the universal language of mankind [Longfellow]; music's golden tongue [Keats]; the speech of angels [Carlyle]; will sing the savageness out of a bear [Othello]; music hath charms to soothe the savage beast.

416. Musician [Performance of Music.] — N. musician, artiste, performer, player, minstrel; bard &c (poet) 597; [specific types of musicians] accompanist, accordionist, instrumentalist, organist, pianist, violinist, flautist; harper, fiddler, fifer†, trumpeter, piper, drummer; catgut scraper. band, orchestral waits. vocalist, melodist; singer, warbler; songster, chaunter†, chauntress†, songstress; cantatrice†. choir, quire, chorister; chorus, chorus singer; liedertafel [G.]. nightingale, philomel†, thrush; siren; bulbul, mavis; Pierides; sacred nine; Orpheus, Apollo†, the Muses Erato, Euterpe, Terpsichore; tuneful nine, tuneful quire. composer &c 413. performance, execution, touch, expression, solmization†. V. play, pipe, strike up, sweep the chords, tweedle, fiddle; strike the lyre, beat the drum; blow the horn, sound the horn, wind the horn; doodle; grind the organ; touch the guitar &c (instruments) 417; thrum, strum, beat time. execute, perform; accompany; sing a second, play a second; compose, set to music, arrange. sing, chaunt, chant, hum, warble, carol, chirp, chirrup, lilt, purl, quaver, trill, shake, twitter, whistle; sol-fa†; intone. have an ear for music, have a musical ear, have a correct ear. Adj. playing &c v.; musical. Adv. adagio, andante &c (music) 415.

417. Musical Instruments — N. musical instruments; band; string-band, brass-band; orchestra; orchestrina†. [Stringed instruments], monochord†, polychord†; harp, lyre, lute, archlute†; mandola†, mandolin, mandoline†; guitar; zither; cither†, cithern†; gittern†, rebeck†, bandurria†, bandura, banjo; bina†, vina†; xanorphica†. viol, violin, fiddle, kit; viola, viola d'amore [Fr.], viola di gamba [It]; tenor, cremona, violoncello, bass; bass viol, base viol; theorbo†, double base, contrabasso†, violone†, psaltery [Slang]; bow, fiddlestick†. piano, pianoforte; harpsichord, clavichord, clarichord†, manichord†; clavier, spinet, virginals, dulcimer, hurdy-gurdy, vielle†, pianino†, Eolian harp. [Wind instruments]; organ, harmonium, harmoniphon†; American organ†, barrel organ, hand organ; accordion, seraphina†, concertina; humming top. flute, fife, piccolo, flageolet; clarinet, claronet†; basset horn, corno di bassetto [It], oboe, hautboy, cor Anglais [Fr.], corno Inglese†, bassoon, double bassoon, contrafagotto†, serpent, bass clarinet; bagpipes, union pipes; musette, ocarina, Pandean pipes; reed instrument; sirene†, pipe, pitch-pipe; sourdet†; whistle, catcall; doodlesack†, harmoniphone†. horn, bugle, cornet, cornet-a-pistons, cornopean†, clarion, trumpet, trombone, ophicleide†; French horn, saxophone, sax [Slang], buglehorn†, saxhorn, flugelhorn†, althorn†, helicanhorn†, posthorn†; sackbut, euphonium, bombardon tuba†. [Vibrating surfaces] cymbal, bell, gong; tambour†, tambourine, tamborine†; drum, tom-tom; tabor, tabret†, tabourine†, taborin†; side drum, kettle drum; timpani, tympani†; tymbal†, timbrel†, castanet, bones; musical glasses, musical stones; harmonica, sounding-board, rattle; tam-tam, zambomba†. [Vibrating bars] reed, tuning fork, triangle, Jew's harp, musical box, harmonicon†, xylophone. sordine†, sordet†; sourdine†, sourdet†; mute. (iv) PERCEPTION OF SOUND

418. [Sense of sound.] Hearing — N. hearing &c v.; audition, auscultation; eavesdropping; audibility. acute ear, nice ear, delicate ear, quick ear, sharp ear, correct ear, musical ear; ear for music. ear, auricle, lug, acoustic organs, auditory apparatus; eardrum, tympanum, tympanic membrane. [devices to aid human hearing by amplifying sound] ear trumpet, speaking trumpet, hearing aid, stethoscope. [distance within which direct hearing is possible] earshot, hearing distance, hearing, hearing range, sound, carrying distance. [devices for talking beyond hearing distance: list] telephone, phone, telephone booth, intercom, house phone, radiotelephone, radiophone, wireless, wireless telephone, mobile telephone, car radio, police radio, two-way radio, walkie-talkie [Mil.], handie-talkie, citizen's band, CB, amateur radio, ham radio, short-wave radio, police band, ship-to-shore radio, airplane radio, control tower communication; (communication) 525, 527, 529, 531, 532; electronic devices [devices for recording and reproducing recorded sound], phonograph, gramophone, megaphone, phonorganon†. [device to convert sound to electrical signals] microphone, directional microphone, mike, hand mike, lapel microphone. [devices to convert recorded sound to electronic signals] phonograph needle, stylus, diamond stylus, pickup; reading head (electronic devices). hearer, auditor, listener, eavesdropper, listener-in. auditory, audience. [science of hearing] otology, otorhinolaryngology. [physicians specializing in hearing] otologist, otorhinolaryngologist. V. hear, overhear; hark, harken; list, listen, pay attention, take heed; give an ear, lend an ear, bend an ear; catch, catch a sound, prick up one's ears; give ear, give a hearing, give audience to. hang upon the lips of, be all ears, listen with both ears. become audible; meet the ear, fall upon the ear, catch the ear, reach the ear; be heard; ring in the ear &c (resound) 408. Adj. hearing &c v.; auditory, auricular, acoustic; phonic. Adv. arrectis auribus [Lat.]. Int. hark, hark ye!, hear!, list, listen!, O yes!, Oyez!, listen up [Coll.]; listen here!, hear ye!, attention!, achtung [G.].

419. Deafness — N. deafness, hardness of hearing, surdity†; inaudibility, inaudibleness†. V. be deaf &c adj.; have no ear; shut one's ears, stop one's ears, close one's ears; turn a deaf ear to. render deaf, stun, deafen. Adj. deaf, earless†, surd; hard of hearing, dull of hearing; deaf-mute, stunned, deafened; stone deaf; deaf as a post, deaf as an adder, deaf as a beetle, deaf as a trunkmaker†. inaudible, out of hearing. Phr. hear no evil. (6) Light (i) LIGHT IN GENERAL

420. Light — N. light, ray, beam, stream, gleam, streak, pencil; sunbeam, moonbeam; aurora. day; sunshine; light of day, light of heaven; moonlight, starlight, sunlight &c (luminary) 432; daylight, broad daylight, noontide light; noontide, noonday, noonday sun. glow &c v.; glimmering &c v.; glint; play of light, flood of light; phosphorescence, lambent flame. flush, halo, glory, nimbus, aureola. spark, scintilla; facula; sparkling &c v.; emication†, scintillation, flash, blaze, coruscation, fulguration†; flame &c (fire) 382; lightning, levin†, ignis fatuus [Lat.], &c (luminary) 423. luster, sheen, shimmer, reflexion [Brit.], reflection; gloss, tinsel, spangle, brightness, brilliancy, splendor; effulgence, refulgence; fulgor†, fulgidity†; dazzlement†, resplendence, transplendency†; luminousness &c adj.; luminosity; lucidity; renitency†, nitency†; radiance, radiation; irradiation, illumination.

## actinic rays, actinism; Roentgen-ray, Xray; photography,

heliography; photometer &c 445. [Science of light] optics; photology†, photometry; dioptrics†, catoptrics†. [Distribution of light] chiaroscuro, clairobscur†, clear obscure, breadth, light and shade, black and white, tonality. reflection, refraction, dispersion; refractivity. V. shine, glow, glitter; glister, glisten; twinkle, gleam; flare, flare up; glare, beam, shimmer, glimmer, flicker, sparkle, scintillate, coruscate, flash, blaze; be bright &c adj.; reflect light, daze, dazzle, bedazzle, radiate, shoot out beams; fulgurate. clear up, brighten. lighten, enlighten; levin†; light, light up; irradiate, shine upon; give out a light, hang out a light; cast light upon, cast light in, throw light upon, throw light in, shed light upon, shed luster upon; illume†, illumine, illuminate; relume†, strike a light; kindle &c (set fire to) 384. Adj. shining &c v.; luminous, luminiferous†; lucid, lucent, luculent†, lucific†, luciferous; light, lightsome; bright, vivid, splendent†, nitid†, lustrous, shiny, beamy†, scintillant†, radiant, lambent; sheen, sheeny; glossy, burnished, glassy, sunny, orient, meridian; noonday, tide; cloudless, clear; unclouded, unobscured†. gairish†, garish; resplendent, transplendent†; refulgent, effulgent; fulgid†, fulgent†; relucent†, splendid, blazing, in a blaze, ablaze, rutilant†, meteoric, phosphorescent; aglow. bright as silver; light as day, bright as day, light as noonday, bright as noonday, bright as the sun at noonday.

## actinic; photogenic, graphic; heliographic; heliophagous†.

Phr. a day for gods to stoop and men to soar [Tennyson]; dark with excessive bright [Milton].

421. Darkness — N. darkness &c adj., absence of light; blackness &c (dark color) 431; obscurity, gloom, murk; dusk &c (dimness) 422. Cimmerian darkness†, Stygian darkness, Egyptian darkness; night; midnight; dead of night, witching hour of night, witching time of night; blind man's holiday; darkness visible, darkness that can be felt; palpable obscure; Erebus [Lat.]; the jaws of darkness [Midsummer Night's Dream]; sablevested night [Milton]. shade, shadow, umbra, penumbra; sciagraphy†. obscuration; occultation, adumbration, obumbration†; obtenebration†, offuscation†, caligation†; extinction; eclipse, total eclipse; gathering of the clouds. shading; distribution of shade; chiaroscuro &c (light) 420. noctivagation†. [perfectly black objects] black body; hohlraum [Phys.]; black hole; dark star; dark matter, cold dark matter. V. be dark &c adj.. darken, obscure, shade; dim; tone down, lower; overcast, overshadow; eclipse; obfuscate, offuscate†; obumbrate†, adumbrate; cast into the shade becloud, bedim†, bedarken†; cast a shade, throw a shade, spread a shade, cast a shadow, cast a gloom, throw a shadow, spread a shadow, cast gloom, throw gloom, spread gloom. extinguish; put out, blow out, snuff out; doubt. turn out the lights, douse the lights, dim the lights, turn off the lights, switch off the lights. Adj. dark, darksome†, darkling; obscure, tenebrious†, sombrous†, pitch dark, pitchy, pitch black; caliginous†; black &c (in color) 431. sunless, lightless &c (sun) (light), &c 423; somber, dusky; unilluminated &c (illuminate) &c 420 [Obs.]; nocturnal; dingy, lurid, gloomy; murky, murksome†; shady, umbrageous; overcast &c (dim) 422; cloudy &c (opaque) 426; darkened; &c v.. dark as pitch, dark as a pit, dark as Erebus [Lat.]. benighted; noctivagant†, noctivagous†. Adv. in the dark, in the shade. Phr. brief as the lightning in the collied night [M. N. D.]; eldest Night and Chaos, ancestors of Nature [Paradise Lost]; the blackness of the noonday night [Longfellow]; the prayer of Ajax was for light [Longfellow].

422. Dimness — N. dimness &c adj.; darkness &c 421; paleness &c (light color) 429. half light, demi-jour; partial shadow, partial eclipse; shadow of a shade; glimmer, gliming†; nebulosity; cloud &c 353; eclipse. aurora, dusk, twilight, shades of evening, crepuscule, cockshut time†; break of day, daybreak, dawn. moonlight, moonbeam, moonglade†, moonshine; starlight, owl's light, candlelight, rushlight, firelight; farthing candle. V. be dim, grow dim &c adj.; flicker, twinkle, glimmer; loom, lower; fade; pale, pale its ineffectual fire [Hamlet]. render dim &c adj.; dim, bedim†, obscure; darken, tone down. Adj. dim, dull, lackluster, dingy, darkish, shorn of its beams, dark 421. faint, shadowed forth; glassy; cloudy; misty &c (opaque) 426; blear; muggy†, fuliginous†; nebulous, nebular; obnubilated†, overcast, crepuscular, muddy, lurid, leaden, dun, dirty; looming &c v.. pale &c (colorless) 429; confused &c (invisible) 447.

423. [Source of light, self-luminous body.] Luminary — N. luminary; light &c 420; flame &c (fire) 382. spark, scintilla; phosphorescence, fluorescence. sun, orb of day, Phoebus, Apollo†, Aurora; star, orb; meteor, falling star, shooting star; blazing star, dog star, Sirius; canicula, Aldebaran†; constellation, galaxy; zodiacal light; anthelion†; day star, morning star; Lucifer; mock sun, parhelion; phosphor, phosphorus; sun dog†; Venus. aurora, polar lights; northern lights, aurora borealis; southern lights, aurora australis. lightning; chain lightning, fork lightning, sheet lightning, summer lightning; ball lightning, kugelblitz [G.]; [chemical substances giving off light without burning] phosphorus, yellow phosphorus; scintillator, phosphor; firefly luminescence. ignis fatuus [Lat.]; Jack o'lantern, Friar's lantern; will-o'-the- wisp, firedrake†, Fata Morgana [Lat.]; Saint Elmo's fire. [luminous insects] glowworm, firefly, June bug, lightning bug. [luminous fish] anglerfish. [Artificial light] gas; gas light, lime light, lantern, lanthorn†; dark lantern, bull's-eye; candle, bougie [Fr.], taper, rushlight; oil &c (grease) 356; wick, burner; Argand†, moderator, duplex; torch, flambeau, link, brand; gaselier†, chandelier, electrolier†, candelabrum, candelabra, girandole†, sconce, luster, candlestick. [non-combustion based light sources] lamp, light; incandescent lamp, tungsten bulb, light bulb; flashlight, torch [Brit.]; arc light; laser; [microwave radiation]; maser neon bulb, neon sign; fluorescent lamp. [parts of a light bulb] filament; socket; contacts; filler gas. firework, fizgig†; pyrotechnics; rocket, lighthouse &c (signal) 550. V. illuminate &c (light) 420. Adj. self-luminous, glowing; phosphoric†, phosphorescent, fluorescent; incandescent; luminescent, chemiluminescent; radiant &c (light) 420. Phr. blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels [Longfellow]; the sentinel stars set their watch in the sky [Campbell]; the planets in their station list'ning stood [Paradise Lost]; the Scriptures of the skies [Bailey]; that orbed continent, the fire that severs day from night [Twelfth Night].

424. Shade — N. shade; awning &c (cover) 223; parasol, sunshade, umbrella; chick; portiere; screen, curtain, shutter, blind, gauze, veil, chador, mantle, mask; cloud, mist, gathering. of clouds. umbrage, glade; shadow &c 421. beach umbrella, folding umbrella. V. draw a curtain; put up a shutter, close a shutter; veil &c v.; cast a shadow &c (darken) 421. Adj. shady, umbrageous. Phr. welcome ye shades! ye bowery thickets hail [Thomson].

425. Transparency — N. transparence, transparency; clarity; translucence, translucency; diaphaneity†; lucidity, pellucidity†, limpidity; fluorescence; transillumination, translumination†. transparent medium, glass, crystal, lymph, vitrite†, water. V. be transparent &c adj.; transmit light. Adj. transparent, pellucid, lucid, diaphanous, translucent, tralucent†, relucent†; limpid, clear, serene, crystalline, clear as crystal, vitreous, transpicuous†, glassy, hyaline; hyaloid [Med.], vitreform†.

426. Opacity — N. opacity; opaqueness &c adj.. film; cloud &c 353. V. be opaque &c adj.; obstruct the passage of light; obfuscate, offuscate†. Adj. opaque, impervious to light; adiaphanous†; dim &c 422; turbid, thick, muddy, opacous†, obfuscated, fuliginous†, cloud, hazy, misty, foggy, vaporous, nubiferous†, muggy† &c (turbidity) 426.1. smoky, fumid†, murky, dirty.

426a. Turbidity — N. turbidity, cloudiness, fog, haze, muddiness, haziness, obscurity. nephelometer [instrument to measure turbidity]. Adj. turbid, thick, muddy, obfuscated, fuliginous†, hazy, misty, foggy, vaporous, nubiferous†; cloudy (cloud) 353. smoky, fumid†, murky, dirty.

427. Semitransparency — N. semitransparency, translucency, semiopacity; opalescence, milkiness, pearliness†; gauze, muslin; film; mica, mother-of-pearl, nacre; mist &c (cloud) 353. [opalescent jewel] opal. turbidity &c 426.1. Adj. semitransparent, translucent, semipellucid†, semidiaphanous†, semiopacous†, semiopaque; opalescent, opaline†; pearly, milky; frosted, nacreous. V. opalesce. (ii) SPECIFIC LIGHT

428. Color — N. color, hue, tint, tinge, dye, complexion, shade, tincture, cast, livery, coloration, glow, flush; tone, key. pure color, positive color, primary color, primitive complementary color; three primaries; spectrum, chromatic dispersion; broken color, secondary color, tertiary color. local color, coloring, keeping, tone, value, aerial perspective. [Science of color] chromatics, spectrum analysis, spectroscopy; chromatism†, chromatography†, chromatology†. [instruments to measure color] prism, spectroscope, spectrograph, spectrometer, colorimeter (optical instruments) 445. pigment, coloring matter, paint, dye, wash, distemper, stain; medium; mordant; oil paint &c (painting) 556. V. color, dye, tinge, stain, tint, tinct†, paint, wash, ingrain, grain, illuminate, emblazon, bedizen, imbue; paint &c (fine art) 556. Adj. colored &c v.; colorific†, tingent†, tinctorial†; chromatic, prismatic; full-colored, high-colored, deep-colored; doubly-dyed; polychromatic; chromatogenous†; tingible†. bright, vivid, intense, deep; fresh, unfaded†; rich, gorgeous; gay. gaudy, florid; gay, garish; rainbow-colored, multihued; showy, flaunting, flashy; raw, crude; glaring, flaring; discordant, inharmonious. mellow, pastel, harmonious, pearly, sweet, delicate, tender, refined.

429. [Absence of color.] Achromatism — N. achromatism†; decoloration†, discoloration; pallor, pallidness, pallidity†; paleness &c adj.; etiolation; neutral tint, monochrome, black and white. V. lose color &c 428; fade, fly, go; become colorless &c adj.; turn pale, pale. deprive of color, decolorize, bleach, tarnish, achromatize, blanch, etiolate, wash out, tone down. Adj. uncolored &c (color) &c 428; colorless, achromatic, aplanatic†; etiolate, etiolated; hueless†, pale, pallid; palefaced†, tallow-faced; faint, dull, cold, muddy, leaden, dun, wan, sallow, dead, dingy, ashy, ashen, ghastly, cadaverous, glassy, lackluster; discolored &c v.. light-colored, fair, blond; white &c 430. pale as death, pale as ashes, pale as a witch, pale as a ghost, pale as a corpse, white as a corpse.

430. Whiteness — N. whiteness &c adj.; argent. albification†, etiolation; lactescence†. snow, paper, chalk, milk, lily, ivory, alabaster; albata†, eburin†, German silver, white metal, barium sulphate [Chem], titanium oxide, blanc fixe [Fr.], ceruse†, pearl white; white lead, carbonate of lead. V. be white &c adj.. render white &c adj.; whiten, bleach, blanch, etiolate, whitewash, silver. Adj. white; milk-white, snow-white; snowy; niveous†, candid, chalky; hoar, hoary; silvery; argent, argentine; canescent†, cretaceous, lactescent†. whitish, creamy, pearly, fair, blond; blanched &c v.; high in tone, light. white as a sheet, white as driven snow, white as a lily, white as silver; like ivory &c n..

431. Blackness — N. blackness, &c adj.; darkness, &c (want of light).. 421; swartliness†, lividity, dark color, tone, color; chiaroscuro &c 420. nigrification†, infuscation†. jet, ink, ebony, coal pitch, soot, charcoal, sloe, smut, raven, crow. [derogatory terms for black-skinned people] negro, blackamoor, man of color, nigger, darkie, Ethiop, black; buck, nigger [U.S.]; coon [U.S.], sambo. [Pigments] lampblack, ivory black, blueblack; writing ink, printing ink, printer's ink, Indian ink, India ink. V. be black &c adj.; render black &c adj.. blacken, infuscate†, denigrate; blot, blotch; smutch†; smirch; darken &c 421. black, sable, swarthy, somber, dark, inky, ebony, ebon, atramentous†, jetty; coal-black, jet-black; fuliginous†, pitchy, sooty, swart, dusky, dingy, murky, Ethiopic; low-toned, low in tone; of the deepest dye. black as jet &c n., black as my hat, black as a shoe, black as a tinker's pot, black as November, black as thunder, black as midnight; nocturnal &c (dark) 421; nigrescent†; gray &c 432; obscure &c 421. Adv. in mourning.

432. Gray — N. gray &c adj.; neutral tint, silver, pepper and salt, chiaroscuro, grisaille [Fr.]. [Pigments] Payne's gray; black &c 431. Adj. gray, grey; iron-gray, dun, drab, dingy, leaden, livid, somber, sad, pearly, russet, roan; calcareous, limy, favillous†; silver, silvery, silvered; ashen, ashy; cinereous†, cineritious†; grizzly, grizzled; slate-colored, stone-colored, mouse-colored, ash-colored; cool.

433. Brown — N. brown &c adj.. [Pigments],, bister ocher, sepia, Vandyke brown. V. render brown &c adj.; tan, embrown†, bronze. Adj. brown, bay, dapple, auburn, castaneous†, chestnut, nut-brown, cinnamon, russet, tawny, fuscous†, chocolate, maroon, foxy, tan, brunette, whitey brown†; fawn-colored, snuff-colored, liver-colored; brown as a berry, brown as mahogany, brown as the oak leaves; khaki. sun-burnt; tanned &c v..

Primitive Colors

434. Redness — N. red, scarlet, vermilion, carmine, crimson, pink, lake, maroon, carnation, couleur de rose [Fr.], rose du Barry†; magenta, damask, purple; flesh color, flesh tint; color; fresh color, high color; warmth; gules [Heral.]. ruby, carbuncle; rose; rust, iron mold. [Dyes and pigments] cinnabar, cochineal; fuchsine†; ruddle†, madder; Indian red, light red, Venetian red; red ink, annotto†; annatto†, realgar, minium†, red lead. redness &c adj.; rubescence†, rubicundity, rubification†; erubescence†, blush. V. be red, become red &c adj.; blush, flush, color up, mantle, redden. render red &c adj.; redden, rouge; rubify†, rubricate; incarnadine.; ruddle†. Adj. red &c n., reddish; rufous, ruddy, florid, incarnadine, sanguine; rosy, roseate; blowzy, blowed†; burnt; rubicund, rubiform†; lurid, stammell blood red†; russet buff, murrey†, carroty†, sorrel, lateritious†; rubineous†, rubricate, rubricose†, rufulous†. rose-colored, ruby-colored, cherry-colored, claret-colored, flame- colored, flesh-colored, peach-colored, salmon-colored, brick-colored, brick-colored, dust-colored. blushing &c v.; erubescent†; reddened &c v.. red as fire, red as blood, red as scarlet, red as a turkey cock, red as a lobster; warm, hot; foxy.

Complementary Colors

435. Greenness — N. green &c adj.; blue and yellow; vert [Heral.]. emerald, verd antique [Fr.], verdigris, malachite, beryl, aquamarine; absinthe, crême de menthe [Fr.]. [Pigments] terre verte [Fr.], verditer†, verdine†, copperas. greenness, verdure; viridity†, viridescence†; verditure†. [disease of eyes with green tint] glaucoma, rokunaisho [Jap.Tr.]. Adj. green, verdant; glaucous, olive, olive green; green as grass; verdurous. emerald green, pea green, grass green, apple green, sea green, olive green, bottle green, coke bottle green. greenish; virent†, virescent†. green (learner) 541, new, inexperienced, novice, (unskillful) 699. green (ill, sick). Phr. green with envy; the green grass of Ireland; the wearing of the green.

436. Yellowness — N. yellow &c adj.; or. [Pigments] gamboge; cadmium-yellow, chrome-yellow, Indian-yellow king's-yellow, lemonyellow; orpiment†, yellow ocher, Claude tint, aureolin†; xanthein [Chem], xanthin†; zaofulvin†. crocus, saffron, topaz; xanthite†; yolk. jaundice; London fog†; yellowness &c adj.; icterus†; xantho- cyanopia†, xanthopsia [Med.]. Adj. yellow, aureate, golden, flavous†, citrine, fallow; fulvous†, fulvid†; sallow, luteous†, tawny, creamy, sandy; xanthic†, xanthous†; jaundiced†, auricomous†. gold-colored, citron-colored, saffron-colored, lemon-colored, lemon yellow, sulphur-colored, amber-colored, straw-colored, primrose- colored, creamcolored; xanthocarpous†, xanthochroid†, xanthopous†. yellow as a quince, yellow as a guinea, yellow as a crow's foot. warm, advancing.

437. Purple — N. purple &c adj.; blue and red, bishop's purple; aniline dyes, gridelin†, amethyst; purpure [Heral.]; heliotrope. lividness, lividity. V. empurple†. Adj. purple, violet, ultraviolet; plum-colored, lavender, lilac, puce, mauve; livid.

438. Blueness — N. blue &c adj.; garter-blue; watchet†. [Pigments] ultramarine, smalt, cobalt, cyanogen [Chem]; Prussian blue, syenite blue†; bice†, indigo; zaffer†. lapis lazuli, sapphire, turquoise; indicolite†. blueness, bluishness; bloom. Adj. blue, azure, cerulean; sky-blue, sky-colored, sky-dyed; cerulescent†; powder blue, bluish; atmospheric, retiring; cold.

439. Orange — N. orange, red and yellow; gold; or; flame color &c adj.. [Pigments] ocher, Mars'orange†, cadmium. cardinal bird, cardinal flower, cardinal grosbeak, cardinal lobelia (a flowering plant). V. gild, warm. Adj. orange; ochreous†; orange-colored, gold-colored, flame-colored, copper-colored, brass-colored, apricot-colored; warm, hot, glowing.

440. Variegation — N. variegation; colors, dichroism, trichroism; iridescence, play of colors, polychrome, maculation, spottiness, striae. spectrum, rainbow, iris, tulip, peacock, chameleon, butterfly, tortoise shell; mackerel, mackerel sky; zebra, leopard, cheetah, nacre, ocelot, ophite†, mother-of-pearl, opal, marble. check, plaid, tartan, patchwork; marquetry-, parquetry; mosaic, tesserae†, strigae†; chessboard, checkers, chequers; harlequin; Joseph's coat; tricolor. V. be variegated &c adj.; variegate, stripe, streak, checker, chequer; bespeckle†, speckle; besprinkle, sprinkle; stipple, maculate, dot, bespot†; tattoo, inlay, damascene; embroider, braid, quilt. Adj. variegated &c v.; many-colored, many-hued; divers-colored, party- colored; dichromatic, polychromatic; bicolor†, tricolor, versicolor†; of all the colors of the rainbow, of all manner of colors; kaleidoscopic. iridescent; opaline†, opalescent; prismatic, nacreous, pearly, shot, gorge de pigeon, chatoyant†; irisated†, pavonine†. pied, piebald; motley; mottled, marbled; pepper and salt, paned, dappled, clouded, cymophanous†. mosaic, tesselated, plaid; tortoise shell &c n.. spotted, spotty; punctated†, powdered; speckled &c v.; freckled, flea-bitten, studded; flecked, fleckered†; striated, barred, veined; brinded†, brindled; tabby; watered; grizzled; listed; embroidered &c v.; daedal†; naevose†, stipiform†; strigose†, striolate†. (iii) PERCEPTIONS OF LIGHT