Part 17

383. Cold — N. cold, coldness &c adj.; frigidity, inclemency, fresco. winter; depth of winter, hard winter; Siberia, Nova Zembla; wind- chill factor. [forms of frozen water] ice; snow, snowflake, snow crystal, snow drift; sleet; hail, hailstone; rime, frost; hoar frost, white frost, hard frost, sharp frost; barf; glaze [U.S.], lolly [U.S.]; icicle, thick-ribbed ice; fall of snow, heavy fall; iceberg, icefloe; floe berg; glacier; nevée, serac†; pruina†. [cold substances] freezing mixture, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, liquid helium. [Sensation of cold] chilliness &c adj.; chill; shivering &c v.; goose skin, horripilation†; rigor; chattering of teeth; numbness, frostbite. V. be cold &c adj.; shiver, starve, quake, shake, tremble, shudder, didder†, quiver; freeze, freeze to death, perish with cold. freeze &c (render cold) 385; horripilate†, make the skin crawl, give one goose flesh. Adj. cold, cool; chill, chilly; icy; gelid, frigid, algid†; fresh, keen, bleak, raw, inclement, bitter, biting, niveous†, cutting, nipping, piercing, pinching; clay-cold; starved &c (made cold) 385; chilled to the bone, shivering &c v.; aguish, transi de froid [Fr.]; frostbitten, frost-bound, frost-nipped. cold as a stone, cold as marble, cold as lead, cold as iron, cold as a frog, cold as charity, cold as Christmas; cool as a cucumber, cool as custard. icy, glacial, frosty, freezing, pruinose†, wintry, brumal†, hibernal†, boreal, arctic, Siberian, hyemal†; hyperborean, hyperboreal†; icebound; frozen out. unwarmed†, unthawed†; lukewarm, tepid; isocheimal†, isocheimenal†, isocheimic†. frozen, numb, frost-bitten. Adv. coldly, bitterly &c adj.; pierre fendre [Fr.];

384. Calefaction — N. increase of temperature; heating &c v.; calefaction†, tepefaction†, torrefaction†; melting, fusion; liquefaction &c 335; burning &c v.; ambustion†, combustion; incension†, accension†; concremation†, cremation; scorification†; cautery, cauterization; ustulation†, calcination; cracking, refining; incineration, cineration†; carbonization; cupellation [Chem]. ignition, inflammation, adustion†, flagration†; deflagration, conflagration; empyrosis†, incendiarism; arson; auto dafe [Fr.]. boiling &c v.; coction†, ebullition, estuation†, elixation†, decoction; ebullioscope†; geyser; distillation (vaporization) 336. furnace &c 386; blanket, flannel, fur; wadding &c (lining) 224; clothing &c 225. still; refinery; fractionating column, fractionating tower, cracking tower. match &c (fuel) 388; incendiary; petroleuse [Fr.]; [biological effects resembling the effects of heat] [substances causing a burning sensation and damage on skin or tissue] cauterizer†; caustic, lunar caustic, alkali, apozem†, moxa†; acid, aqua fortis [Lat.], aqua regia; catheretic†, nitric acid, nitrochloro-hydric acid, nitromuriatic acid; radioactivity, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta rays, X-rays, radiation, cosmic radiation, background radiation, radioactive isotopes, tritium, uranium, plutonium, radon, radium. sunstroke, coup de soleil [Fr.]; insolation. [artifacts requiring heat in their manufacture] pottery, ceramics, crockery, porcelain, china; earthenware, stoneware; pot, mug, terra cotta [Sp.], brick, clinker. [products of combustion] cinder, ash, scoriae, embers, soot; slag. [products of heating organic materials] coke, carbon, charcoal; wood alcohol, turpentine, tea tree oil; gasoline, kerosene, naptha, fuel oil (fuel) 388; wax, paraffin; residue, tar. inflammability, combustibility. [Transmission of heat] diathermancy†, transcalency†, conduction; convection; radiation, radiant heat; heat conductivity, conductivity. [effects of heat 2] thermal expansion; coefficient of expansion. V. heat, warm, chafe, stive†, foment; make hot &c 382; sun oneself, sunbathe. go up in flames, burn to the ground (flame) 382. fire; set fire to, set on fire; kindle, enkindle, light, ignite, strike a light; apply the match to, apply the torch to; rekindle, relume†; fan the flame, add fuel to the flame; poke the fire, stir the fire, blow the fire; make a bonfire of. melt, thaw, fuse; liquefy &c 335. burn, inflame, roast, toast, fry, grill, singe, parch, bake, torrefy†, scorch; brand, cauterize, sear, burn in; corrode, char, calcine, incinerate; smelt, scorify†; reduce to ashes; burn to a cinder; commit to the flames, consign to the flames. boil, digest, stew, cook, seethe, scald, parboil, simmer; do to rags. take fire, catch fire; blaze &c (flame) 382. Adj. heated &c v.; molten, sodden; réchauffé; heating &c v.; adust†. inflammable, combustible; diathermal†, diathermanous†; burnt &c v.; volcanic, radioactive.

385. Refrigeration — N. refrigeration, infrigidation†, reduction of temperature; cooling &c v.; congelation†, conglaciation†; ice &c 383; solidification &c (density) 321; ice box (refrigerator) 385. extincteur [Fr.]; fire annihilator; amianth†, amianthus†; earth- flax, mountain-flax; flexible asbestos; fireman, fire brigade (incombustibility) 388.1. incombustibility, incombustibleness &c adj.†. (insulation) 388.1. air conditioning [residential cooling], central air conditioning; air conditioner; fan, attic fan; dehumidifier. V. cool, fan, refrigerate, refresh, ice; congeal, freeze, glaciate; benumb, starve, pinch, chill, petrify, chill to the marrow, regelate†, nip, cut, pierce, bite, make one's teeth chatter, damp, slack quench; put out, stamp out; extinguish; go out, burn out (incombustibility) 388.1. Adj. cooled &c v.; frozen out; cooling &c v.; frigorific†.

386. Furnace — N. furnace, stove, kiln, oven; cracker; hearth, focus, combustion chamber; athanor†, hypocaust†, reverberatory; volcano; forge, fiery furnace; limekiln; Dutch oven; tuyere, brasier†, salamander, heater, warming pan; boiler, caldron, seething caldron, pot; urn, kettle; chafing-dish; retort, crucible, alembic, still; waffle irons; muffle furnace, induction furnace; electric heater, electric furnace, electric resistance heat. [steel-making furnace] open-hearth furnace. fireplace, gas fireplace; coal fire, wood fire; fire-dog, fire- irons; grate, range, kitchener; caboose, camboose†; poker, tongs, shovel, ashpan, hob, trivet; andiron, gridiron; ashdrop; frying-pan, stew-pan, backlog. [area near a fireplace] hearth, inglenook. [residential heating methods] oil burner, gas burner, Franklin stove, pot-bellied stove; wood-burning stove; central heating, steam heat, hot water heat, gas heat, forced hot air, electric heat, heat pump; solar heat, convective heat. hothouse, bakehouse†, washhouse†; laundry; conservatory; sudatory†; Turkish bath, Russian bath, vapor bath, steam bath, sauna, warm bath; vaporarium†.

387. Refrigerator — N. refrigerator, refrigeratory†; frigidarium†; cold storage, cold room, cold laboratory; icehouse, icepail, icebag, icebox; cooler, damper, polyurethane cooler; wine cooler. freezer, deep freeze, dry ice freezer, liquid nitrogen freezer, refigerator-freezer. freezing mixture [refrigerating substances], ice, ice cubes, blocks of ice, chipped ice; liquid nitrogen, dry ice, dry ice-acetone, liquid helium.

388. Fuel — N. fuel, firing, combustible. [solid fuels] coal, wallsend†, anthracite, culm†, coke, carbon, charcoal, bituminous coal, tar shale; turf, peat, firewood, bobbing, faggot, log; cinder &c (products of combustion) 384; ingle, tinder, touchwood; sulphur, brimstone; incense; port-fire; fire-barrel, fireball, brand; amadou†, bavin†; blind coal, glance coal; German tinder, pyrotechnic sponge, punk, smudge [U.S.]; solid fueled rocket. [fuels for candles and lamps] wax, paraffin wax, paraffin oil; lamp oil, whale oil. [liquid fuels] oil, petroleum, gasoline, high octane gasoline, nitromethane, petrol, gas, juice [Coll.], gasohol, alcohol, ethanol, methanol, fuel oil, kerosene, jet fuel, heating oil, number 2 oil, number 4 oil, naphtha; rocket fuel, high specific impulse fuel, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, lox. [gaseous fuels] natural gas, synthetic gas, synthesis gas, propane, butane, hydrogen. brand, torch, fuse; wick; spill, match, light, lucifer, congreve†, vesuvian, vesta†, fusee, locofoco†; linstock†. candle &c (luminary) 423; oil &c (grease) 356. Adj. carbonaceous; combustible, inflammable; high octane, high specific impulse; heat of combustion,

388a. Insulation [Fire extinction] {ant. of 388} — N. insulation, incombustible material, noncombustible material; fire retardant, flame retardant; fire wall, fire door. incombustibility, incombustibleness &c adj.. extincteur [Fr.]; fire annihilator; amianth†, amianthus†; earth-flax, mountain-flax; asbestos; fireman, fire fighter, fire eater, fire department, fire brigade, engine company; pumper, fire truck, hook and ladder, aerial ladder, bucket; fire hose, fire hydrant. [forest fires] backfire, firebreak, trench; aerial water bombardment. wet blanket; fire extinguisher, soda and acid extinguisher, dry chemical extinguisher, CO-two extinguisher, carbon tetrachloride, foam; sprinklers, automatic sprinkler system; fire bucket, sand bucket. [warning of fire] fire alarm, evacuation alarm, [laws to prevent fire] fire code, fire regulations, fire; fire inspector; code violation, citation. V. go out, die out, burn out; fizzle. extinguish; damp, slack, quench, smother; put out, stamp out; douse, snuff, snuff out, blow out. fireproof, flameproof. Adj. incombustible; nonflammable, uninflammable, unflammable†; fireproof. Phr. fight fire with fire

389. Thermometer — N. thermometer, thermometrograph†, mercury thermometer, alcohol thermometer, clinical thermometer, dry-bulb thermometer, wet-bulb thermometer, Anschutz thermometer [G.], gas thermometer, telethermometer; color-changing temperature indicator; thermopile, thermoscope†; pyrometer, calorimeter, bomb calorimeter; thermistor, thermocouple. [temperature-control devices] thermostat, thermoregulator. (3) Taste

390. Taste — N. taste, flavor, gust, gusto, savor; gout, relish; sapor†, sapidity†; twang, smack, smatch†; aftertaste, tang. tasting; degustation, gustation. palate, tongue, tooth, stomach. V. taste, savor, smatch†, smack, flavor, twang; tickle the palate &c (savory) 394; smack the lips. Adj. sapid, saporific†; gustable†, gustatory; gustful†; strong, gamy; palatable &c 394.

391. Insipidity — N. insipidity, blandness; tastelessness &c adj.. V. be tasteless &c adj.. Adj. bland, void of taste &c 390; insipid; tasteless, gustless†, savorless; ingustible†, mawkish, milk and water, weak, stale, flat, vapid, fade, wishy-washy, mild; untasted†.

392. Pungency — N. pungency, piquance, piquancy, poignancy haut-gout, strong taste, twang, race. sharpness &c adj.; acrimony; roughness &c (sour) 392; unsavoriness &c 395. mustard, cayenne, caviare; seasoning &c (condiment) 393; niter, saltpeter, brine (saltiness) 392.1; carbonate of ammonia; sal ammoniac†, sal volatile, smelling salts; hartshorn (acridity) 401.1. dram, cordial, nip. nicotine, tobacco, snuff, quid, smoke; segar†; cigar, cigarette; weed; fragrant weed, Indian weed; Cavendish, fid†, negro head, old soldier, rappee†, stogy†. V. be pungent &c adj.; bite the tongue. render pungent &c adj.; season, spice, salt, pepper, pickle, brine, devil. smoke, chew, take snuff. Adj. pungent, strong; high-, full-flavored; high-tasted, high-seasoned; gamy, sharp, stinging, rough, piquant, racy; biting, mordant; spicy; seasoned &c v.; hot, hot as pepper; peppery, vellicating†, escharotic†, meracious†; acrid, acrimonious, bitter; rough &c (sour) 397; unsavory &c 395.

392a. Saltiness — N. saltiness. niter, saltpeter, brine. Adj. salty, salt, saline, brackish, briny; salty as brine, salty as a herring, salty as Lot's wife. salty, racy (indecent) 961. Phr. take it with a grain of salt.

392b. Bitterness — N. bitterness, acridness†, acridity, acrimony; caustic, alkali; acerbity; gall, wormwood; bitters, astringent bitters. Angostura [additive for alcoholic beverages], aromatic bitters. sourness &c 397; pungency &c 392. [bitter substances] alkaloids; turmeric. Adj. bitter, bitterish, acrid, acerb, acerbic. Phr. bitter as gall; bitter pill to take; sugar coating on a bitter pill.

393. Condiment — N. condiment, seasoning, sauce, spice, relish, appetizer. [Condiments] salt; mustard, grey poupon mustard; pepper, black pepper, white pepper, peppercorn, curry, sauce piquante [Fr.]; caviare, onion, garlic, pickle; achar†, allspice; bell pepper, Jamaica pepper, green pepper; chutney; cubeb†, pimento. [capsicum peppers] capsicum, red pepper, chili peppers, cayenne. nutmeg, mace, cinnamon, oregano, cloves, fennel. [herbs] pot herbs, parsley, sage, rosemary, thyme, bay leaves, marjoram. [fragrant woods and gums] frankincense, balm, myrrh. [from pods] paprika. [from flower stigmas] saffron. [from roots] ginger, turmeric. V. season, spice, flavor, spice up &c (render pungent) 392.

394. Savoriness — N. savoriness &c adj.; good taste, deliciousness, delectability. relish, zest; appetizer. tidbit, titbit†, dainty, delicacy, tasty morsel; appetizer, hors d'ouvres [Fr.]; ambrosia, nectar, bonne-bouche [Fr.]; game, turtle, venison; delicatessen. V. be savory &c adj.; tickle the palate, tickle the appetite; flatter the palate. render palatable &c adj.. relish, like, smack the lips. Adj. savory, delicious, tasty, well-tasted, to one's taste, good, palatable, nice, dainty, delectable; toothful†, toothsome; gustful†, appetizing, lickerish†, delicate, exquisite, rich, luscious, ambrosial, scrumptious, delightful. Adv. per amusare la bocca [It] Phr. cela se laisse manger [Fr.].

395. Unsavoriness — N. unsavoriness &c adj.; amaritude†; acrimony, acridity (bitterness) 392.2; roughness &c (sour) 397; acerbity, austerity; gall and wormwood, rue, quassia†, aloes; marah†; sickener†. V. be unpalatable &c adj.; sicken, disgust, nauseate, pall, turn the stomach. Adj. unsavory, unpalatable, unsweetened, unsweet†; ill-flavored; bitter, bitter as gall; acrid, acrimonious; rough. offensive, repulsive, nasty; sickening &c v.; nauseous; loathsome, fulsome; unpleasant &c 830.

396. Sweetness — N. sweetness, dulcitude†. sugar, syrup, treacle, molasses, honey, manna; confection, confectionary; sweets, grocery, conserve, preserve, confiture†, jam, julep; sugar-candy, sugar-plum; licorice, marmalade, plum, lollipop, bonbon, jujube, comfit, sweetmeat; apple butter, caramel, damson, glucose; maple sirup†, maple syrup, maple sugar; mithai†, sorghum, taffy. nectar; hydromel†, mead, meade†, metheglin†, honeysuckle, liqueur, sweet wine, aperitif. [sources of sugar] sugar cane, sugar beets. [sweet foods] desert, pastry, pie, cake, candy, ice cream, tart, puff, pudding (food) 298. dulcification†, dulcoration†. sweetener, corn syrup, cane sugar, refined sugar, beet sugar, dextrose; artificial sweetener, saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, Sweet'N Low. V. be sweet &c adj.. render sweet &c adj.; sweeten; edulcorate†; dulcorate†, dulcify†; candy; mull. Adj. sweet; saccharine, sacchariferous†; dulcet, candied, honied†, luscious, lush, nectarious†, melliferous†; sweetened &c v.. sweet as a nut, sweet as sugar, sweet as honey. sickly sweet. Phr. eau sucrée [Fr.]; sweets to the sweet [Hamlet].

397. Sourness — N. sourness &c adj.; acid, acidity, low pH; acetous fermentation, lactic fermentation. vinegar, verjuice†, crab, alum; acetic acid, lactic acid. V. be sour; sour, turn sour &c adj.; set the teeth on edge. render sour &c adj.; acidify, acidulate. Adj. sour; acid, acidulous, acidulated; tart, crabbed; acetous, acetose†; acerb, acetic; sour as vinegar, sourish, acescent†, subacid [Chem]; styptic, hard, rough. Phr. sour as a lemon. (4) Odor

398. Odor — N. odor, smell, odorament†, scent, effluvium; emanation, exhalation; fume, essence, trail, nidor†, redolence. sense of smell; scent; act of smelling &c v.; olfaction, olfactories†. [pleasant odor] fragrance &c 400. odorant. [animal with acute sense of smell] bloodhound, hound. [smell detected by a hound] spoor. V. have an odor &c n.; smell, smell of, smell strong of; exhale; give out a smell &c n.; reek, reek of; scent. smell, scent; snuff, snuff up; sniff, nose, inhale. Adj. odorous, odoriferous; smelling, reeking, foul-smelling, strong- scented; redolent, graveolent†, nidorous†, pungent; putrid, foul. [Relating to the sense of smell] olfactory, quick-scented.

399. Inodorousness — N. inodorousness†; absence of smell, want of smell. deodorant, deodorization, deodorizer. V. be inodorous &c adj.†; not smell. deodorize. Adj. inodorous†, onodorate; scentless; without smell, wanting smell &c 398. deodorized, deodorizing.

400. Fragrance — N. fragrance, aroma, redolence, perfume, bouquet, essence, scent; sweet smell, aromatic perfume. agalloch†, agallochium†; aloes wood; bay rum; calambac†, calambour†; champak†, horehound, lign-aloes†, marrubium†, mint, muskrat, napha water†, olibanum†, spirit of myrcia†. essential oil. incense; musk, frankincense; pastil†, pastille; myrrh, perfumes of Arabia†; otto†, ottar†, attar; bergamot, balm, civet, potpourri, pulvil†; nosegay; scentbag†; sachet, smelling bottle, vinaigrette; eau de Cologne [Fr.], toilet water, lotion, after-shave lotion; thurification†. perfumer. [fragrant wood oils] eucalyptus oil, pinene. V. be fragrant &c adj.; have a perfume &c n.; smell sweet. scent [render fragrant], perfume, embalm. Adj. fragrant, aromatic, redolent, spicy, savory, balmy, scented, sweet-smelling, sweet-scented; perfumed, perfumatory†; thuriferous; fragrant as a rose, muscadine†, ambrosial.

401. Fetor — N. fetor†; bad &c adj.. smell, bad odor; stench, stink; foul odor, malodor; empyreuma†; mustiness &c adj.; rancidity; foulness &c (uncleanness) 653. stoat, polecat, skunk; assafoetida†; fungus, garlic; stinkpot; fitchet†, fitchew†, fourmart†, peccary. acridity &c 401.1. V. have a bad smell &c n.; smell; stink, stink in the nostrils, stink like a polecat; smell strong &c adj., smell offensively. Adj. fetid; strong-smelling; high, bad, strong, fulsome, offensive, noisome, rank, rancid, reasty†, tainted, musty, fusty, frouzy†; olid†, olidous†; nidorous†; smelling, stinking; putrid &c 653; suffocating, mephitic; empyreumatic†.

401a. Acridity — N. acridity, astringency, bite. [acrid substances] tear gas; smoke, acrid fumes. Adj. acrid, biting, astringent, sharp, harsh; bitter &c 392.2. (5) Sound (i) SOUND IN GENERAL

402. Sound — N. sound, noise, strain; accent, twang, intonation, tone; cadence; sonorousness &c adj.; audibility; resonance &c 408; voice &c 580; aspirate; ideophone†; rough breathing. [Science, of sound] acoustics; phonics, phonetics, phonology, phonography†; diacoustics†, diaphonics†; phonetism†. V. produce sound; sound, make a noise; give out sound, emit sound; resound &c 408. Adj. sounding; soniferous†; sonorous, sonorific†; resonant, audible, distinct; stertorous; phonetic; phonic, phonocamptic†. Phr. a thousand trills and quivering sounds [Addison]; forensis strepitus [Lat.].

403. Silence — N. silence; stillness &c (quiet) 265; peace, hush, lull; muteness &c 581; solemn silence, awful silence, dead silence, deathlike silence. V. be silent &c adj.; hold one's tongue &c (not speak) 585. render silent &c adj.; silence, still, hush; stifle, muffle, stop; muzzle, put to silence &c (render mute) 581. Adj. silent; still, stilly; noiseless, soundless; hushed &c v.; mute &c 581. soft, solemn, awful, deathlike, silent as the grave; inaudible &c (faint) 405. Adv. silently &c adj.; sub silentio [Lat.]. Int. hush!, silence!, soft!, whist!, tush!, chut!†, tut!, pax! [Lat.], be quiet!, be silent!, be still!, shut up! [Slang]; chup!†, chup rao!†, tace! [It], Phr. one might hear a feather drop, one might hear a pin drop, so quiet you could hear a pin drop; grosse Seelen dulden still [G.]; le silence est la vertu de ceux qui ne sont pas sages [Fr.]; le silence est le

## parti le plus sar de celui se défie de soi-meme [Fr.]; silence more

musical than any song [C.G. Rossetti]; tacent satis laudant [Lat.]; better to be silent and thought a fool than to speak up and remove all doubt.

404. Loudness — N. loudness, power; loud noise, din; blare; clang, clangor; clatter, noise, bombilation†, roar, uproar, racket, hubbub, bobbery†, fracas, charivari†, trumpet blast, flourish of trumpets, fanfare, tintamarre†, peal, swell, blast, larum†, boom; bang (explosion) 406; resonance &c 408. vociferation, hullabaloo, &c 411; lungs; Stentor. artillery, cannon; thunder. V. be loud &c adj.; peal, swell, clang, boom, thunder, blare, fulminate, roar; resound &c 408. speak up, shout &c (vociferate) 411; bellow &c (cry as an animal) 412. rend the air, rend the skies; fill the air; din in the ear, ring in the ear, thunder in the ear; pierce the ears, split the ears, rend the ears, split the head; deafen, stun; faire le diable a quatre [Fr.]; make one's windows shake, rattle the windows; awaken the echoes, startle the echoes; wake the dead. Adj. loud, sonorous; high-sounding, big-sounding; deep, full, powerful, noisy, blatant, clangorous, multisonous†; thundering, deafening &c v.; trumpet-tongued; ear-splitting, ear-rending, ear-deafening; piercing; obstreperous, rackety, uproarious; enough to wake the dead, enough to wake seven sleepers. shrill &c 410 clamorous &c (vociferous) 411 stentorian, stentorophonic†. Adv. loudly &c adj.. aloud; at the top of one's voice, at the top of one's lungs, lustily, in full cry. Phr. the air rings with; the deep dread-bolted thunder [Lear].

405. Faintness — N. faintness &c adj.; faint sound, whisper, breath; undertone, underbreath†; murmur, hum, susurration; tinkle; still small voice. hoarseness &c adj.; raucity†. V. whisper, breathe, murmur, purl, hum, gurgle, ripple, babble, flow; tinkle; mutter &c (speak imperfectly) 583; susurrate†. steal on the ear; melt in the air, float on the air. Adj. inaudible; scarcely audible, just audible; low, dull; stifled, muffled; hoarse, husky; gentle, soft, faint; floating; purling, flowing &c v.; whispered &c v.; liquid; soothing; dulcet &c (melodious) 413; susurrant†, susurrous†. Adv. in a whisper, with bated breath, sotto voce [Lat.], between the teeth, aside; piano, pianissimo; d la sourdine†; out of earshot inaudibly &c adj.. (ii) SPECIFIC SOUNDS

406. [Sudden and violent sounds.] Snap — N. snap &c v.; rapping &c v.; decrepitation, crepitation; report, thud; burst, explosion, blast, boom, discharge, detonation, firing, salvo, volley. squib, cracker, firecracker, cherry bomb, M80, gun, cap, cap gun, popgun. implosion. bomb burst, atomic explosion, nuclear explosion (arms) 727. [explosive substances] gunpowder, dynamite, gun cotton, nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, plastic explosive, plastique, TNT, cordite, trinitrotoluene, picric acid, picrates, mercury fulminate (arms) 727. whack, wham, pow. V. rap, snap, tap, knock, ping; click; clash; crack, crackle; crash; pop; slam, bang, blast, boom, clap, clang, clack, whack, wham; brustle†; burst on the ear; crepitate, rump. blow up, blow; detonate. Adj. rapping &c v.. Int. kaboom!, whamo!, Heewhack!, pow!,

407. [Repeated and protracted sounds.] Roll — N. roll &c v.; drumming &c v.; berloque†, bombination†, rumbling; tattoo, drumroll; dingdong; tantara†; rataplan†; whirr; ratatat, ratatat-tat; rubadub; pitapat; quaver, clutter, charivari†, racket; cuckoo; repetition &c 104; peal of bells, devil's tattoo; reverberation &c 408. [sound of railroad train rolling on rails] clickety-clack. hum, purr. [animals that hum] hummingbird. [animals that purr] cat, kitten (animal sounds) 412. V. roll, drum, rumble, rattle, clatter, patter, clack; bombinate†. hum, trill, shake; chime, peal, toll; tick, beat. drum in the ear, din in the ear. Adj. rolling &c v.; monotonous &c (repeated) 104; like a bee in a bottle.

408. Resonance — N. resonance; ring &c v.; ringing, tintinabulation &c v.; reflexion [Brit.], reflection, reverberation; echo, reecho; zap, zot [Coll.]; buzz (hiss) 409. low note, base note, bass note, flat note, grave note, deep note; bass; basso, basso profondo [It]; baritone, barytone†; contralto. [device to cause resonance] echo chamber, resonator. [ringing in the ears] tinnitus [Med.]. [devices which make a resonating sound] bell, doorbell, buzzer; gong, cymbals (musical instruments) 417. [physical resonance] sympathetic vibrations; natural frequency, coupled vibration frequency; overtone; resonating cavity; sounding board, tuning fork. [electrical resonance] tuning, squelch, frequency selection; resonator, resonator circuit; radio &c [chemical resonance] resonant structure, aromaticity, alternating double bonds, non-bonded resonance; pi clouds, unsaturation, double bond, (valence). V. resound, reverberate, reecho, resonate; ring, jingle, gingle†, chink, clink; tink†, tinkle; chime; gurgle &c 405; plash, goggle, echo, ring in the ear. Adj. resounding &c v.; resonant, reverberant, tinnient†, tintinnabulary; sonorous, booming, deep-toned, deep-sounding, deep-mouthed, vibrant; hollow, sepulchral; gruff &c (harsh) 410. Phr. sweet bells jangled, out of time and harsh [Hamlet]; echoing down the mountain and through the dell.

408a. Nonresonance† — N. thud, thump, dead sound; nonresonance†; muffled drums, cracked bell; damper; silencer. V. sound dead; stop the sound, damp the sound, deaden the sound, deaden the reverberations, dampen the reverberations. Adj. nonresonant†, dead; dampened, muffled.

409. [Hissing sounds.] Sibilation — N. sibilance, sibilation; zip; hiss &c v.; sternutation; high note &c 410. [animals that hiss] goose, serpent, snake (animal sounds) 412. [animals that buzz] insect, bug; bee, mosquito, wasp, fly. [inanimate things that hiss] tea kettle, pressure cooker; air valve, pressure release valve, safety valve, tires, air escaping from tires, punctured tire; escaping steam, steam, steam radiator, steam release valve. V. hiss, buzz, whiz, rustle; fizz, fizzle; wheeze, whistle, snuffle; squash; sneeze; sizzle, swish. Adj. sibilant; hissing &c v.; wheezy; sternutative†.

410. [Harsh sounds.] Stridor — N. creak &c v.; creaking &c v.; discord, &c 414; stridor; roughness, sharpness, &c adj.; cacophony; cacoepy†. acute note, high note; soprano, treble, tenor, alto, falsetto, penny trumpet, voce di testa [It]. V. creak, grate, jar, burr, pipe, twang, jangle, clank, clink; scream &c (cry) 411; yelp &c (animal sound) 412; buzz &c (hiss) 409. set the teeth on edge, corcher les oreilles [Fr.]; pierce the ears, split the ears, split the head; offend the ear, grate upon the ear, jar upon the ear. Adj. creaking &c v.; stridulous†, harsh, coarse, hoarse, horrisonous†, rough, gruff, grum†, sepulchral, hollow. sharp, high, acute, shrill; trumpet-toned; piercing, ear-piercing, high-pitched, high-toned; cracked; discordant &c 414; cacophonous.

411. Cry — N. cry &c v.; voice &c (human) 580; hubbub; bark &c (animal) 412. vociferation, outcry, hullabaloo, chorus, clamor, hue and cry, plaint; lungs; stentor. V. cry, roar, shout, bawl, brawl, halloo, halloa, hoop, whoop, yell, bellow, howl, scream, screech, screak†, shriek, shrill, squeak, squeal, squall, whine, pule, pipe, yaup†. cheer; hoot; grumble, moan, groan. snore, snort; grunt &c (animal sounds) 412. vociferate; raise up the voice, lift up the voice; call out, sing out, cry out; exclaim; rend the air; thunder at the top of one's voice, shout at the top of one's voice, shout at the pitch of one's breath, thunder at the pitch of one's breath; s'égosiller; strain the throat, strain the voice, strain the lungs; give a cry &c Adj. crying &c v.; clamant†, clamorous; vociferous; stentorian &c (loud) 404; open-mouthed.

412. [Animal sounds.] Ululation — N. cry &c v.; crying &c v.; bowwow, ululation, latration†, belling; reboation†; wood-note; insect cry, fritiniancy†, drone; screech owl; cuckoo. wailing (lamentation) 839. V. cry, roar, bellow, blare, rebellow†; growl, snarl. [specific animal sounds] bark [dog, seal]; bow-wow, yelp [dog]; bay, bay at the moon [dog, wolf]; yap, yip, yipe, growl, yarr†, yawl, snarl, howl [dog, wolf]; grunt, gruntle†; snort [pig, hog, swine, horse]; squeak, [swine, mouse]; neigh, whinny [horse]; bray [donkey, mule, hinny, ass]; mew, mewl [kitten]; meow [cat]; purr [cat]; caterwaul, pule [cats]; baa†, bleat [lamb]; low, moo [cow, cattle]; troat†, croak, peep [frog]; coo [dove, pigeon]; gobble [turkeys]; quack [duck]; honk, gaggle, guggle [goose]; crow, caw, squawk, screech, [crow]; cackle, cluck, clack [hen, rooster, poultry]; chuck, chuckle; hoot, hoo [owl]; chirp, cheep, chirrup, twitter, cuckoo, warble, trill, tweet, pipe, whistle [small birds]; hum [insects, hummingbird]; buzz [flying insects, bugs]; hiss [snakes, geese]; blatter†; ratatat [woodpecker]. Adj. crying &c v.; blatant, latrant†, remugient†, mugient†; deep-mouthed, full-mouthed; rebellowing†, reboant†. Adv. in full cry. (iii) MUSICAL SOUNDS