chapter XVI

.

[101] These and all other numbered drawings in this chapter are from Andrew L. Winton's _The Microscopy of Vegetable Foods_, copyright 1916, and reprinted by permission.

[102] _Jour. Am. Chem. Soc._, 1919 (vol. xli: p. 1306).

[103] Anstead, R.D. _Annals on Applied Biology_, 1915 (vol. i: pp. 299-302).

[104] Huntington, L.M. _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1917 (vol. xxxiii: p. 228).

[105] Gorter, _Ann._ (vol. ccclxxii: pp. 237-46).

Schulte, A. _Z. Nahr. Genussm._ (vol. xxvii: pp. 200-25).

Loew, Oscar. _Ann. Rep. P.R. Agr. Expt. Sta._, 1907 (pp. 41-55).

[106] Sencial. _El Hacendado Mex._ (vol. ix: p. 191).

[107] Pique, R. _Bull. Assoc. Chim. sucr. dist._ (vol. xxiv: pp. 1210-13).

[108] _Pharm. Jour._, 1886 (vol. xvii: p. 656).

[109] U.S. Pat., 113,832, April 18, 1871.

[110] U.S. Pat., 660,602, Oct. 30, 1900.

[111] French Pat., 379,036, Aug. 28, 1906.

[112] French Pat., 359,451, Nov. 15, 1905.

[113] British Pat., 26,905, Dec. 9, 1904.

[114] U.S. Pat., 843,530, Feb. 5, 1907.

[115] U.S. Pat., 1,313,209, Aug. 12, 1919.

[116] U.S. Pat., 134,792, Jan. 14, 1873.

[117] British Pat., 7,427, Mar. 24, 1910.

[118] U.S. Pat., 997,431, July 11, 1911.

[119] British Pat., 23,087, Oct. 9, 1912.

French Pat., 449,343, Oct. 12, 1912.

[120] British Pat., 21,397, Sept. 26, 1907.

French Pat., 382,238, Sept. 26, 1907.

U.S. Pat., 982,902, Jan. 31, 1911.

[121] _Pharm. Zentralhalle_, 1915 (vol. lvi: pp. 343-48).

[122] _Münch. Med. Wochschr._, (vol. lviii: pp. 1868-72).

[123] _Commercial Organic Analysis._

[124] _Ann. Chem. Pharm._ 1867 (vol. cxlii: p. 230).

[125] _Inaugural Diss._, Munich. 1903.

[126] _Comptes Rendus_, 1897 (vol. cxxiv: p. 1458).

[127] _Dict. App. Chem._, 1913 (vol. v: p. 393).

[128] U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Chem. _Bull._ 105, 1907. (p. 42).

[129] _Ann._ (vol. cccviii: pp. 327-348).

_Ibid._ (vol. ccclxxii: pp. 237, 246).

_Arch. Pharm._ (vol. ccxlvii: pp. 184-196).

[130] _Jour. Soc. Chem., Ind._, 1910 (vol. xxix: p. 138).

[131] _Z. Nahr. Genussm._ (vol. xxi: p. 295).

[132] Paladino, _Gazetta_, 1895 (vol. xxv: no. 1: p. 104).

Forster & Riechelmann, _Zeitsch. öffent. Chem._, 1897 (vol. iii: p. 129).

Polstorff, K. _Wallach-Festschrift_, 1909 (pp. 569-83).

[133] Private communication.

[134] U.S. Pat., 716,878, Dec. 30, 1902.

[135] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1920 (vol. xxxviii: pp. 321-22).

[136] _Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc._, 1907 (vol. xxix: p. 1091).

[137] _Ber._, 1895 (vol. xxviii: p. 3137); 1899 (vol. xxxii: p. 435); 1900 (vol. xxxiii: p. 3035).

[138] Willcox & Rentschler. _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1910 (vol. xix: p. 440).

[139] Fricke, E. _Zeits. f. angew. Chemie._, 1889 (pp. 121-122).

[140] Willcox & Rentschler. _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1911 (vol. xx: p. 355).

[141] U.S. Pat., 897,840, Sept. 1, 1908.

[142] British Pat., 144,988, March 19, 1920.

[143] French Pat., 412,550, Feb. 12, 1910.

[144] U.S. Pat., 947,577, Jan. 25, 1910.

[145] _Jour. Chem. Soc._, 1857 (vol. ix: p. 34).

[146] _Wien. Akad. Ber._ (_2 Abth._) (vol. lxxxi: pp. 1032-1043).

_Monatsh, f. Chem._, 1880 (vol. i: p. 456).

[147] _Zeits. f. Untersuch. d. Nahr. u. Genussm._, 1898 (vol. vii: pp. 457-472)

[148] _Ber._, 1901 (vol. xxxv: pp. 1846-1854).

[149] _Compt. rend._ (vol. clvii: pp. 212-13).

[150] _Bull. Pharm._, 1916 (vol. xxx: pp. 276-78).

[151] _Dict. App. Chem._, 1913 (vol. ii: p. 99).

[152] _U.S. Dispensatory, 19th Ed._, 1907 (p. 145).

[153] _Monatsh. f. Chem._ (vol. xxxiii: pp. 1389-1406).

[154] _Bull. Pharm._, 1916 (vol. xxx: pp. 276-78).

[155] _Apoth. Ztg._ (vol. xxii: pp. 919-20).

_Pharm. Weekbl._, 1907 (vol. xxxvii).

[156] _Monatsh. f. Chem._ (vol. xxxi: p. 1227).

[157] _Jour. Landw._, 1904 (vol. lii: p. 93).

[158] _Amer. Chem. Jour._, 1892 (vol. xiv: p. 473).

[159] _Analyst_, 1902 (vol. xxvi: p. 116).

[160] 58 _Mon. Sci._ (vol. iii: no. 6: p. 779).

[161] _J.P.C._, 1867 (p. 307).

[162] _Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci._, 1918 (vol. xxviii: pp. 136-141).

[163] Feitler, S.: Eng. Pat., 19,845, Aug. 28, 1897.

[164] U.S. Pat., 33,453, Oct. 8, 1861.

U.S. Pat., 75,829, March 24, 1868.

U.S. Pat., 701,750, June 3, 1902.

[165] U.S. Pat., 943,238, Dec. 14, 1909.

[166] U.S. Pat., 703,508, July 1, 1902.

U.S. Pat., 865,203, Sept. 3, 1907.

[167] Winter, H.: U.S. Pat., 997,431, Aug. 28, 1897.

[168] Simon, M., Jr.: Ger. Pat., 253,419, Feb. 19, 1911.

[169] Von Niessen: British Pat., 7,427, Mar. 24, 1910.

[170] Eng. Pat., 5,776, Mar. 19, 1895.

[171] U.S. Pat., 832,322.

[172] Eng. Pat., 8,270, April 24, 1893.

[173] U.S. Pat., 994,785, June 13, 1911.

[174] _Am. J. Pharm._, 1915 (vol. lxxxvii: pp. 524-26).

[175] _Orig. Com. 8th Intern. Cong. Appl. Chem. (Appen.)_ (vol. xxvi: p. 389)

[176] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1920 (vol. xxxix: pp. 318-19).

[177] King, J.E.: U.S. Pat. 1,263,434.

[178] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1917 (vol. xxxiii: pp. 552-55).

[179] _Loc. cit._ (see 175).

[180] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1911 (vol. xx: p. 34).

[181] _Pharm. Weekbl. voor Nederl._, 1899 (no. 13).

_Apoth. Ztg._, 1899 (p. 14).

[182] _Jour. Assoc. Off. Agri. Chem._, 1920 (vol. iii: p. 501).

[183] Blyth, Wynter. _Foods_, 1909 (p. 359).

[184] Petermann. _Bied. Zentr._, 1899 (vol. ii: p. 211).

[185] Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Sept., 1920.

[186] Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Sept., 1920.

[187] U.S. Dept. Agri., Div. of Chem. _Bull. 13_ (pt. 7: p. 908).

[188] Niles. G.M. _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1910 (vol. xix: no. 1: p. 27).

[189] Through _The Sun_, New York, July 17, 1910.

[190] _Annales Politiques et Littéraires_, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1906 (vol. x: p. 303).

[191] _Jour. Am. Med. Assoc._, 1891 (vol. xvi).

[192] _The Times_, London, Oct. 1, 1904; through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1911 (vol. xxi: p. 36).

[193] _Good Housekeeping_, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1912 (vol. xxiii: p. 237).

[194] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1913 (vol. xxiv: p. 455).

[195] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1912 (vol. xxiii: p. 356).

[196] _Good Housekeeping_, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1915 (vol. xxviii: p. 533).

[197] _Good Housekeeping_, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1915 (vol. xxviii: p. 533).

[198] _Atti. accad. Lincei_, 1915 (vol. xxiv: no. 2: pp. 543-48).

[199] Nalpasse, Dr. Valentin, _loc. cit._ (see 190).

Flint, Dr. Austin B. _Text Book of Physiology_.

Wood, H.C., Jr. _Therapeutic Gazette_, 1912 (vol. xxxvi: p. 13).

[200] _Compt. rend._ (vol. cxlviii: p. 1541).

[201] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1914 (vol. xxvi: p. 539).

[202] _Arch. exp. Path. Pharm._, 1907 (vol. lvii: p. 214).

[203] _Universal Dictionary_, 1897 (vol. i: p. 1097).

[204] _Handbuch der Physiologie_, 1881 (vol. vi: p. 435).

[205] _The Coffee Club_, 1921 (vol. i: p. 4).

[206] _Saturday Evening Post_, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1914 (vol. xxvii: p. 586).

[207] _Loc. cit._ (see 192).

[208] _Seven Truths to Teach the Young in Regard to Life and Sex_, No. 2.

[209] _Loc. cit._ (see 190).

[210] _Ladies' Home Journal_, Dec., 1916 (p. 37).

[211] _Loc. cit._ (see 194).

[212] _Psych. Clin._ (vol. vi: pp. 56-58).

[213] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, June, 1905 (p. 274).

[214] _Ladies' Home Journal_, Dec., 1916 (p. 37).

[215] _The Prolongation of Life._

[216] Hekteon and LeConte.

[217] Through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1914 (vol. xxvi: pp. 29-32).

[218] _Old Age Deferred_, 1910.

[219] _Loc. cit._ (see 190).

[220] _Practical Dietetics_, 1917 (p. 254).

[221] _Zentr. Biochem Biophys._, 1912 (vol. xiii: p. 504).

[222] _Jour. Anat. & Physi._, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1913 (vol. xxv: p. 345).

[223] _Lancet_, Dec. 2, 1911.

[224] _Pharmacology_, 1913 (p. 258).

[225] Butler, _Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacology_, 1906 (p. 256).

[226] Togami, K. _Biochem. Zeit._, 1908 (vol. ix: p. 453).

[227] _Münch. Med. Wochenschr._ (vol. lx: pp. 281-85, 357-61).

_Naturwiss. Umschau. d. Chem., Ztg._ 1913 (p. 4).

_Schweiz. Wochenschr._ (vol. li: pp. 490-92).

[228] _Loc. cit._ (see 197).

[229] Through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1916 (vol. xxx: p. 443).

[230] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1909 (vol. xvi: p. 271).

[231] Frankel, F.H. _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1910 (vol. xxxi: p. 446).

[232] _Food Values_, 1914 (p. 54).

[233] _Policlin._, 1920 (no. 27: p. 1011).

[234] Funk, C. _The Vitamines_, 1922 (p. 270).

[235] Potter. _Materia Medica, Pharmacy and Therapeutics_, 10th ed., 1906 (p. 187).

Culbreth. _Materia Medica and Pharmacology_, 2nd ed. (p. 520).

[236] Nineteenth ed. (p. 254).

[237] _Loc. cit._ (see 220).

[238] Keable, B.B. _Coffee_ (p. 97).

[239] Wallace, Mrs. C.L.H. "Cholera: Its Cause and Cure." _The Herald of Health_, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1908 (vol. xiv: p. 22).

[240] "S. Culapius", _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1913 (vol. xxv: p. 239).

[241] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1913 (vol. xxv: p. 458).

[242] Thurber, F.B. _Coffee from Plantation to Cup_ (p. 182).

[243] _Health and Longevity Through Rational Diet._

[244] Keable, B.B. _Coffee_ (p. 98).

[245] Bulson, A.E.J. _Am. Jour. Opthal._, 1905 (vol. xxii: pp 55-64)

_Handbook of Medical Science_ (vol. iii: p. 190).

[246] Keable, B.B. _Coffee_ (p. 98).

[247] _A Manual of Pharmacology_ (pp. 137, 215).

[248] Hawk, Philip B. _Loc. cit._ (see 196).

[249] _Good Housekeeping_, Oct., 1917 (p. 144).

[250] _Med. News_, 1886 (p. 52).

[251] _Med. News_, 1890 (p. 56).

[252] _Centr. In. Med._, 1900 (p. 21).

[253] _Loc. cit._ (see 220).

[254] _Arch. Exper. Path. Pharm._, 1902 (bd. 48).

[255] _Bull. gen. therap._ (vol. clxvi: p. 379).

_Zentr. Biochem. Biophys._ (vol. xvi: p. 79).

[256] _Bull. Pharm._, 1916 (vol. xxx: pp. 276-78).

[257] 1907 (p. 176).

[258] _U.S. Dispensatory_, 19th ed. (p. 253).

[259] Hall. I.W. _The Purin Bodies of Food Stuffs_, 1904 (p. 98).

[260] _Terapia moderna_, Dec., 1891.

[261] _Arch. intern. physiol._ (vol. xiii: pp. 107-14).

[262] _J. Pharmachol._ (vol. iii: p. 609).

[263] _J. Pharmachol._ (vol. iii: p. 468).

[264] _J. Pharmachol._ (vol. iii: p. 455).

[265] _Wien. Deut. med. Wochenschr._ (vol. xxxviii: pp. 1774-76).

[266] _Comp. rend. soc. biol._ (vol. lxxiv: p. 32).

[267] _D.A. Apoth.-Ztg._, 1911-12 (vol. xxxii: p. 4).

[268] _Med. Record, N.Y._, 1916 (vol. xxx: p. 68).

[269] _Therap. Gazette._ 1912 (vol. xxxvi: pp. 6-13).

[270] _Deut. Arch. Klin. Med._, 1920 (vol. cxxxiv: pp. 174-84).

[271] _Z. physiol. Chem._ (vol. lxxvii: p. 259).

[272] _Bull. Bur. of Chem._ (no. 157).

[273] _Pharm. J._, Mar. 31, 1900, through _Brit. Med. J._, _Epit._, 1900 (vol. i: p. 35).

[274] _Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol._, 1895 (vol. xxxv: p. 449).

[275] _Ibid._, 1895 (vol. xxxvi: p. 45). _Ibid._, 1896 (vol. xxxvii: p. 385).

[276] _Arch. de physiol. norm. et path._, 1868 (vol. i: p. 179).

[277] _Inaug. Diss._, Königsberg, 1882.

[278] _Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol._, 1898 (vol. xli: p. 375).

[279] _Jour. Am. Med. Assoc._, 1917 (vol. lxviii: pp. 1805-07).

[280] _Berliner Klin. Wochenschrift_, 1889 (no. 40).

[281] _Encyc. der Therapie_, 1896 (vol. i).

[282] Pester, _Med.-Chir. Presse_, 1885 (no. 39). _Orvosi Hetilap_, 1885 (nos. 32-33).

[283] _Zeitschrift f. Klin. Med._, 1893 (vol. xxiii).

[284] _Mitt. aus der Würzburger Med. Klinik_, 1885 (vol. 1).

[285] _New York Herald_, Mar. 24. 1912.

[286] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1914 (vol. xxvi: pp. 537-41).

[287] _The Influence of Alcohol and Other Drugs on Fatigue._

[288] "The Influence of Caffeine on Mental and Motor Efficiency." _Archives of Psychology_, 1912 (no. 22).

[289] _Revista sper. di. Freniatria_ (vol. xviii: p. 1).

[290] _Archiv. ital. de Biol._, 1893 (vol. xix: p. 241).

[291] _Inaug. Diss._, Marburg, 1894.

[292] _Revista sper. di Freniatria_, 1894 (vol. xx: p. 458).

[293] _Centralbl. f. Physiol._, 1896 (vol. x: p. 126).

[294] _Psychol. Arbeit._, 1896 (vol. i: p. 378).

[295] _Jour. Med. de Bruxelles_, 1897.

[296] _Molcschott's Untersuchungen_, 1899 (vol. xvi: p. 170).

[297] _Archiv. f. Anat. u. Physiol. (Physiol. Abth.), Suppl. Bd._, 1899 (p. 289).

[298] _Skand. Arch. f. Physiol._, 1904 (vol. xvi: p. 197).

[299] _Travaux du Lab. de Physiol. Inst. Solray_, 1904 (vol. vi: p. 361).

[300] _Psychol. Arbeit._, 1901 (vol. iii: p. 617).

[301] _C.R. de la Soc. de Biol. Paris_, 1901 (pp. 593-627).

[302] _Op. Cit._ (p. 38). (See 285.)

[303] _Pflügers Archiv._, 1877 (vol. xvi: p. 316).

[304] _Diss._, Dorpat., 1887.

[305] _Psychol. Arbeit._, 1896 (vol. i: p. 431).

[306] _Psychol. Arbeit._, 1901 (pp. 203-289).

[307] _Psychol. Rev._, 1911 (vol. xviii: p. 424).

[308] _Op. Cit._ (see 285).

[309] _Ueber die Beeinflüssung einfacher psychischer Vorgünge durch einige Arzeneimittel_ (p. 224).

[310] _Arch, exp. Path. Pharm._, 1920 (vol. lxxxv: pp. 339-58).

[311] _Op. cit._ (p. 50). (See 287.)

[312] _Loc. cit._ (see 285).

[313] See