Part 28

Locative, formation of the, in all the Aryan languages, 219. in Chinese, 119 _note_, 218. in Latin, 220.

Locke, John, on language as the barrier between man and brutes, quoted, 24. on universal ideas, quoted, 356. his opinion on the origin of language, 40.

_Lord_, origin of the word, 122.

Lord’s Prayer, number of languages in which it was published by various authors in the 16th century, 131 _note_.

Lucilius, his book on the reform of Latin orthography, 109.

Lucina, a name of the moon, 21.

Luna, origin of the name, 21.

Lusatia, language of, 200.

Lycurgus, his travels mythical, 94.

Macedonians, ancient authors on the, 125 _note_.

_Madam_, origin of word, 226.

Mago, the Carthaginian, his book on agriculture in Punic, 94 _note_.

_Man_, ancient words for, 381.

Man and brutes, faculties of, 349. difference between man and brutes, 354.

Mandshu tribes, speaking a Tungusic language, 296. grammar of, 323. imitative sounds in, 366 _note_.

Manetho, his study and cultivation of the Greek language, 95. his work on Egypt, 95. his knowledge of hieroglyphics, 95.

Manka, the Indian, his translations from Sanskrit into Persian, 149.

Masora, idiom in which it was written, 277.

Maulána Izzu-d-din Khalid Khani, his translations from Sanskrit into Persian, 150.

_Même_, origin of the French word, 57.

Menander, his study and cultivation of the Greek language, 95. his work on Phenicia, 95.

Mendaïtes, or Nasoreans, the “Book of Adam” of the, 279.

_Ment_, origin of the termination in French adverbs, 55.

Mescheräks, tribe of the, their present settlements, 304.

Milton, John, number of words used by, in his works, 267.

Ming-ti, the Emperor of China, allows the introduction of Buddhism into his empire, 147. sends officials to India to study the doctrines of Buddha, 148.

Missionaries, their importance in elucidating the problem of the dialectical life of language, 62.

Moallakat, or “suspended poems,” of the Arabs, 281.

Moffat, Rev. Robert, on the dialects of Southern Africa, 64.

Monboddo, Lord, on language as the barrier between man and brutes, quoted, 24. his “Ancient Metaphysics” quoted, 160 and _note_.

Mongolian dialects, entering a new phase of grammatical life, 64.

Mongolian class of languages, 296. grammar of, 323.

Mongols, their original seat, 296. three classes of them, 296. their conquests, 297. dissolution of the empire, 299. their present state, 300. their language, 300.

_Moon_, antiquity of the word, 16.

Moravia, devastated by the Mongols, 299.

_Mortal_, origin of the word, 382.

_Much_ and _Very_, distinction between, 48.

Muhammed ben Musa, his translation of the Indian treatise on algebra into Arabic, 149.

Mythology, real nature of, 21, 237.

Nabateans, the, supposed to have been descendants of the Babylonians and Chaldeans, 279. the work of Kuthami on “Nabatean Agriculture,” 280.

National languages, origin of, 64.

Nature, immutability of, in all her works, 42. Dr. Whewell quoted, 42.

Nebuchadnezzar, his name stamped on all the bricks made during his reign, 283.

Neo-Latin dialects, 196.

Νεμέτζιοι, the, of Constantinus Porphyrogeneta, 91 _note_.

Nestorians of Syria, forms and present condition of their language, 276, _note_.

Nicopolis, battle of, 307.

_No_ and _nay_, as used by Chaucer, 225.

Nobili, Roberto de, 155. his study of Sanskrit, 155.

Nogái tribes, history of the, 303.

Nomad languages, 290. indispensable requirements of a nomad language, 292. wealth of, 71. nomadic tribes and their wars, 315. their languages, 316.

Nominalism and Realism, controversy between, in the Middle Ages, 22.

Norman words in the English language, proportion of, to Saxon words, 84.

Norway, poetry of, 192. the _hliod_ or _quida_,193. the two Eddas, 191-194.

Norwegian language, stagnation of the, 70.

Number of known languages, 35.

Obsolete words and senses since the translation of the Bible in 1611, 45.

Onomatopoieia, theory of, 358.

Ophir of the Bible, 203.

Origen, his opinion that Hebrew was the primitive language of mankind, 132.

Origin of language, consideration of the problem of the common, 326 _et seq._

Ormuzd, the god of the Zoroastrians, mentioned by Plato, 207. discovery of the name Auramazda in the cuneiform inscriptions, 207. origin of the name Auramazda or Ormuzd, 207.

Os, the, of Ossethi, calling themselves Iron, 243.

Oscan language and literature, the 196.

Osmanli language, the, 301, 306.

Ostiakes, dialects of the, 63.

Owl-glass, stories of, 260.

Pâli, once the popular dialect of Behar, 146.

Panætius, the Stoic philosopher at Rome, 107.

Pânini, Sanskrit grammar of, 116.

Pantomime, the, and the King, story of, 368.

Paolino de San Bartolomeo, Fra, first Sanskrit grammar published by, 142, 158.

Paradise, languages supposed by various authors to have been spoken in, 135, 136.

Parsi, period when it was spoken in Persia, 210.

Parsis, or fire-worshippers, the ancient, 205. their prosperous colony in Bombay, 205. their various emigrations, 205 _note_. their ancient language, 205, 210.

Pascatir race, the, 320.

_Pater_, origin of the Latin word, 57.

_Pay, to_, origin of the word, 124,

Pedro, Padre, the missionary at Calicut, 154.

Pehlevi, or Huzvaresh language, 210.

Pelasgi, Herodotus on the, 125 _note_. Dionysius of Halicarnassus on the, 125 _note_.

_Percussion_, etymology of, 53.

Perion, his work on language, 131 _note_.

Permian tribes and language, 320.

Permic branch of the Finnic class of languages, 319. the name of Perm, 319. the Permic tribes, 320.

Persia, origin of the Turkman, or Kisilbash of, 302.

Persian language, 83. influence of the, over the Turkish language, 83. the ancient Persian language. _See_ Zend, Zend-avesta.

Persian, subsequent history of Persian, 210.

_Peshito_, meaning of the word, 276 _note_.

Philolaus, the Pythagorean, his guess on the motion of the earth round the sun, 29.

Philology, comparative, science of, 31. a historical science, 32. aim of the science, 81.

Phœnician, closely allied to Hebrew, 280.

Plato, his notion of the origin of the Greek language, 126. on Zoroaster, quoted, 206 _note_.

Plautus, Greek words in the plays of, 104. all his plays mere adaptations of Greek originals, 104.

_Pleiades_, the, origin of the word, 17.

Poland invaded by the Mongols, 299.

Polish, oldest specimens of, 200.

Polybius, on the changes Latin had undergone in his time, 67.

Pons, Father, his report of the literary treasures of the Brahmans, 157.

Pott, Professor, his “Etymological Researches,” 167. his advocacy of the polygenetic theory, 342 _note_.

Prâkrit idioms, the, 146.

Prâtiśâkhyas, the, of the Brahmans, 116.

_Priest_, origin of the word, 122.

Priscianus, influence of his grammatical work on later ages, 114.

Protagoras, his attempt to change and improve the language of Homer, 48.

Provençal, the daughter of Latin, 171. not the mother of French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese, 171. the earliest Provençal poem, 196.

Prussian, the old, language and literature of, 200.

Ptolemy, his system of astronomy, although wrong, important to science, 26.

Ptolemy Philadelphus and the Septuagint, 96 _note_.

Ptōsis, meaning of the word in the language of the Stoics, 111.

Publius Crassus, his knowledge of the Greek dialects, 106.

Pushtú, the language of Afghanistan, 210.

Pythagoras, his travels mythical, 94.

Pyrrha, original meaning of the name, 22.

Quatremère on the Ophir of the Bible, 204 _note_.

_Quinsy_, origin of the word, 380 _note_.

Quintilian, on the changes Latin had undergone in his time, 67. on the omission of the final _s_ in Latin, 68 _note_.

Radical relationship of languages, 176.

Radicals. _See_ Roots.

Rask, Erasmus, his studies of Zend, 167, 206.

_Raven_, the word, 362.

Raynouard, his labors in comparative grammar, 171. criticisms of his theory of the Langue Romane, 171.

Realism and Nominalism, controversy between, in the Middle Ages, 22.

Regeneration, dialectical, one of the processes which comprise the growth of language, 58.

_Respectable_, origin of the word, 256.

Reval dialect of Esthonian, 318.

Rig-Veda, the, quoted, 88 _note_.

Romance languages, their Latin origin, 170. modifications of, 195. their origin in the ancient Italic languages, 196.

Romane, the Langue, 171.

Romanese language of the Grisons, 196. translation of the Bible into, 196 _note_. lower, or Enghadine, 196 _note_.

Romans, their use of the term Barbarian, 127.

Rome, Greek generally spoken at, 101 influence of Greece on Rome 102. changes in the intellectual atmosphere of, caused by Greek civilization, 106. the religious life of Rome more Greek than Roman, 107. expulsion of the Greek grammarians and philosophers from Rome, 108. compromise between religion and philosophy, 108. wide interest excited by grammatical studies in Roman society, 109.

Roots or radicals, 252. classes of roots, primary, secondary, and tertiary, 262-264. demonstrative and predicative roots, 267. how many forms of speech may be produced by the free combination of these constituent elements, 275. all languages reducible in the end to roots, 286. the radical stage of language, 287. general ideas and roots, 356. origin of roots, 357. the bow-wow theory, 358. the pooh-pooh theory, 366. natural selection of roots, 386.

Russia devastated by the Mongols, 299.

Sabius, a word not found in classical Latin, 103 _note_.

Sænund, Sigfusson, his collection of songs in Iceland, 193.

Sagard Gabriel, on the languages of the Hurons, quoted, 62.

Salian poems, the, and later Latin, 67.

Sálotar, translation of his work on veterinary medicine from Sanskrit into Persian, 150.

Sanskrit, formation of adjectives in, 113 _note_. grammar, 116. similarity between Greek and, 142. importance of the discovery of, 146. history of the language, 146. doubts as to its age and authenticity examined, 147. accounts given by writers of various nations who became acquainted with the language and literature of India, 148. the Muhammedans in India, and their translations of Sanskrit works into Arabic and Persian, 149. European Missionaries, 155. studies and work of Frederick Schlegel, 164. importance of the discovery of, in the classification of languages, 172. its genealogical relation to Greek and Latin, 172. antiquity of, 202. Iranic languages, relation to, 205. formation of the locative in, 219. number of roots in, 265.

Sassanian dynasty, Persian language of the, 210.

Saxon language, proportion of Saxon to Norman words in the English language, 84.

Savage tribes, rapid changes which take place in the languages of, 44, 62.

Scaliger, I. I., his “Diatribe de Europæorum Linguis,” 132 _note_.

Scandinavian branch of the Teutonic class of languages, 190. the East and West Scandinavian races, 191.

Schlegel, Frederick, his Sanskrit studies, 164. his work “On the Language and Wisdom of the Indians,” 164. how his work was taken up in Germany, 166. his view of the origin of language, 216. August W. von, his “Indische Bibliothek,” 167. his criticism of the theory of Raynouard, 171.

Sciences, uniformity in the history of most, 14. the empirical stage, 15.

Sciences, the necessity that science should answer some practical purpose, 19. the classificatory stage, 25. the theoretical or metaphysical stage, 28. impulses received by the physical sciences from the philosopher and poet, 29. difference between physical and historical science, 32.

Scipios, influence of the “Cosmopolitan Club” at the house of the, 107.

Scythian words mentioned by Greek writers, 243.

Semitic family of languages, 43. study of, 131. constituent elements of the, 272. divisions of the Semitic family of speech, 275. Aramaic class, 276. Hebraic class, 280. Arabic class, 281. intimate relations of the three classes to each other, 281. Berber dialects, 282. the Semitic and Aryan, the only _families_ of speech deserving that title, 282. genealogical table, 396.

_Senior_, the title, 226.

Septuagint, the, and Ptolemy Philadelphus, 96 _note_.

_Serpent_, origin of the word, 380.

Shakespeare, William, total number of words used by, in his plays, 267.

Siberia, Tungusic tribes of, 296. Turkic tribes settled there, in, 304. dialects, 304.

_Sibulla_, meaning of the word, 103 _note_.

Sibylla of Cumæ, oracles of the, written in Greek, 103.

Sigfusson. _See _ Sænund.

Sigismund, the Emperor, and the Bohemian schoolmaster, anecdote of, 47.

Silesia invaded by the Mongols, 299.

_Sir_, origin of the word, 226, 227.

Siriane tribes, their habitat, 320. their language, 319.

_Sister_, origin of, 57.

“Skalda,” the, of Snorri Sturluson, 193.

Slavonic tribes, their settlement in Moesia, 196 _note_. languages, properly so called, 200.

Slovinian language, the, 200.

Smith, Adam, his opinion on the origin of language, 40. on the formation of thought and language, quoted, 371. Sydney, on the superiority of mankind over brutes, quoted, 348.

Snorri Sturluson, his prose Edda, 193. his “Heimskringla,” 193. his “Skalda,” 193.

Solomon’s fleet of Tharshish, 202.

Song-yun, the Chinese pilgrim to India, his travels, 149.

Sound, small number of names formed by the imitation of, 365.

_Spec_, offshoots of the root, 257.

_Species_, origin of the Latin, 260.

_Squirrel_, origin of the name, 365.

Stewart, Dugald, his opinion on the origin of language, 41. his doubts as to the age and authenticity of Sanskrit, 147. his view of the affinity of Greek and Sanskrit, 164. on the origin of language, quoted, 343.

Stoics, philosophy of the, in Rome, 107.

Strabo on the Barbarians, 125 _note_.

Sturluson. _See_ Snorri.

_Sugar_, origin of the word, 364.

Swedish language, growth of the, 71, 191.

Syria, origin of the Turks of, 306.

Syriac language, date of the translation of the Bible into the, 276. meaning of Peshito, 276 _note_. decline and present position of the language, 276.

Talmud of Jerusalem, and that of Babylon, literary idiom of the Jews in the, 277.

Targums, language in which they were written, 277.

Targums, most celebrated of them, 277 _note_.

“Tarikhu-l-Hind,” the, of Al Birúni, 150.

Tatar tribes, 297. terror caused by the name, 297. the Golden Horde, 298.

Tataric language, 297. sometimes used in the same sense as Turanian, 297.

Tavastian dialect of Finnic, 318.

Terminations, grammatical, Horne Tooke’s remarks on, quoted, 251.

Terminology, grammatical of the Greeks and Hindus, coincidences between the, 115.

Testament, the New, translated into Persian, 151. Old, number of words in the, 267.

Teutonic class of languages, 177. the English language, a branch of, 80.

Tharshish, Solomon’s fleet of, 202.

Themistocles, his acquaintance with the Persian language, 93.

Thommerel, M., on the proportion Saxon words bear to Norman in the English language, 84.

Thracians, ancient authors on the, 126 _note_.

_Thunder_, origin of the word, 364.

Tiberius Gracchus, his knowledge of Greek, 103.

Tiberius the Emperor, and the grammarians, anecdote of, 47.

Tibetan language, how adjectives are formed in the, 113 _note_.

Timur, Mongolian empire of, 299.

Tooke, Horne, on grammatical terminations, quoted, 251. his answer to the interjectional theory of roots, 367.

Torgod Mongols, the, 300.

Trade first encouraged the profession of interpreters, 93.

Turanian family of languages, 43. origin of term Turanian, 238. Turanian races, 243.

Turanian names mentioned by Greek writers, 243. component parts of Turanian speech, 272.

Tungusic idioms, new phase of grammatical life of the, 64.

Tungusic class of languages, 296. geographical limits of the, 296. grammar of, 323.

Turanian family of languages, 288. a terminational or agglutinative family of languages, 288, 291. divisions of the Turanian family, 289. the name Turanian, 289. characteristic features of the Turanian languages, 290, 291. account of the languages of the Turanian family, 296. genealogical table, 397.

Turkic class of languages, 300. grammar, 309. profuse system of conjugation, 323.

Turkish language, influence of imported words over the whole native aspect of the, 83. two classes of vowels in, 295. ingenuity of Turkish grammar, 308. its advance towards inflectional forms, 337.

Turkman, or Kisil-bash, origin of the, of Persia, 302.

Turks, history of the, 301. origin of the Turks of Asia Minor and Syria, 306. origin and progress of the Osmanlis, 306. spread of the Osmanli dialect, 306.

Turner, Sharon, on the proportion of Norman to Saxon words in the English language, 84.

Turvasa, the Turanian, 243.

Twenty, origin of the word, 52.

Ugric branch of the Finnic class of languages, 320.

Ulfilas, Bishop, notice of him and of his Gothic translation of the Bible, 181.

Umbrian language and literature, 197.

Upanishads, the, translated from Sanskrit into Persian by Dárá, 154. translated into French by Anquetil Duperron, 154.

Uralic languages, 315.

Uran’hat tribes, on the Chulym, 304.

Urdu-zeban, the proper name of Hindustání, 316.

Usbeks, history of the, 302.

Vâch, the goddess of speech, her verses quoted from the Rig-Veda, 88 _note_.

Varro, de Re Rust, on Mago’s Carthaginian agricultural work, quoted, 95 _note_. his work on the Latin language, 109. appointed by Cæsar librarian to the Greek and Latin library in Rome, 110.

Vasco da Gama, takes a missionary to Calicut, 154.

Vedas, the, 116. differences between the dialect of the Vedas and later Sanskrit, 116. objections of the Brahmans to allow the Vedas to be translated, 152. story of Feizi, 152.

Verbs, formation of the terminations of, in the Aryan dialects, 222. modern formations, 222.

_Very_ and _much_, distinction between, 48.

Vibhakti, in Sanskrit grammar, 116.

Voguls, the, 320.

Votiakes, idiom of the, 319. habitat of the, 320.

Vyâkarana, Sanskrit name for grammar, 116.

Wallachian language, the, 195 _note_.

Wends, language of the, 201.

Whewell, Dr., on the science of language, 38 _note_.

Wilkins, Mr., on the affinity between Sanskrit and Greek, 160.

Windic, or Slavonic languages, 199. divisions and subdivisions of, 199.

Witsen, Nicholas, the Dutch traveller, his collection of words, 136 _note_.

Xavier, Francis, his organization of the preaching of the Gospel in India, 154. his gift of tongues, 154.

Yakuts, tribe of the, 304. dialect of the, 305.

_Yea_ and _Yes_, as used by Chaucer, 225.

Zend, Rask’s studies of, 167. Burnouf’s, 168.

Zend-avesta, the, 167. antiquity of, 205, 206. the words _Zend_ and _Zend-avesta_, 205 _note_. Anquetil’s translation of, 206. Rask and Burnouf’s labors, 206.

Zend-avesta, authority of the Zend-avesta for the antiquity of the word Arya, 239.

Zenodotus, his restoration of the article before proper names in Homer, 99. the first to recognize the dual, 99.

Zeus, original meaning of the word, 21.

Zoroaster, or Zarathustra, his writings (the Zend-avesta) translated into Greek, 96. translated by Anquetil Duperron, 168. his Gâthâs, or songs, 209. age in which he lived, 209. not the same as Jaradashti in the Veda, 209.

Zoroastrians. _See_ Parsis. original seat of the, 248.

FOOTNOTES

1 See Jessen, Was heisst Botanik? 1861.

2 Kuhn’s Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung, b. ix. s. 104.

3 Horne Tooke, p. 27, _note_.

4 See Curtius, Griechische Etymologie, s. 297.

5 Ideler, Handbuch der Chronologie, b. i. s. 241, 242.

6 As early as the times of Anaximenes of the Ionic, and Alcmæon of the Pythagorean, schools, the stars had been divided into travelling (ἄστρα πλανώμενα or πλανητά), and non-travelling stars (ἀπλανεῖς ἀστέρες, or ἀπλανῆ ἄστρα). Aristotle first used ἄστρα ἐνδεδεμένα, or fixed stars. (See Humboldt, Cosmos, vol. iii. p. 28.) Πόλος, the pivot, hinge, or the pole of the heaven.

7 Bunsen’s Egypt, vol. iv. p. 108.

8 According to a writer in “Notes and Queries” (2d Series, vol. x. p. 500,) astrology is not so entirely extinct as we suppose. “One of our principal writers,” he states, “one of our leading barristers, and several members of the various antiquarian societies, are practised astrologers at this hour. But no one cares to let his studies be known, so great is the prejudice that confounds an art requiring the highest education with the jargon of the gypsy fortune-teller.”

9 “Man has two faculties, or two passive powers, the existence of which is generally acknowledged; 1, the faculty of receiving the different impressions caused by external objects, physical sensibility; and 2, the faculty of preserving the impressions caused by these objects, called memory, or weakened sensation. These faculties, the productive causes of thought, we have in common with beasts.... Everything is reducible to feeling.”—_Helvetius_.

10 “The generative organs being those which are most remotely related to the habits and food of an animal, I have always regarded as affording very clear indications of its true affinities.”—_Owen, as quoted by Darwin, Origin of Species_, p. 414.

11 Die Pflanze und ihr Leben, von M. T. Schleiden. Leipzig, 1858.

12 Sir J. Stoddart, Glossology, p. 22.

13 Dr. Whewell classes the science of language as one of the palaitiological sciences; but he makes a distinction between palaitiological sciences treating of material things, for instance, geology, and others respecting the products which result from man’s imaginative and social endowments, for instance, comparative philology. He excludes the latter from the circle of the physical sciences, properly so called, but he adds: “We began our inquiry with the trust that any sound views which we should be able to obtain respecting the nature of truth in the physical sciences, and the mode of discovering it, must also tend to throw light upon the nature and prospects of knowledge of all other kinds;—must be useful to us in moral, political, and philological researches. We stated this as a confident anticipation; and the evidence of the justice of our belief already begins to appear. We have seen that biology leads us to psychology, if we choose to follow the path; and thus the passage from the material to the immaterial has already unfolded itself at one point; and we now perceive that there are several large provinces of speculation which concern subjects belonging to man’s immaterial nature, and which are governed by the same laws as sciences altogether physical. It is not our business to dwell on the prospects which our philosophy thus opens to our contemplation; but we may allow ourselves, in this last stage of our pilgrimage among the foundations of the physical sciences, to be cheered and animated by the ray that thus beams upon us, however dimly, from a higher and brighter region.”—_Indications of the Creator_, p. 146.

14 Gen. ii. 19.

15 St. Basil was accused by Eunomius of denying Divine Providence, because he would not admit that God had created the names of all things, but ascribed the invention of language to the faculties which God had implanted in man. St. Gregory, bishop of Nyssa in Cappadocia (331-396), defended St. Basil. “Though God has given to human nature its faculties,” he writes, “it does not follow that therefore He produces all the actions which we perform. He has given us the faculty of building a house and doing any other work; but we surely are the builders, and not He. In the same manner our faculty of speaking is the work of Him who has so framed our nature; but the invention of words for naming each object is the work of our mind.” See Ladevi-Roche, De l’Origine du Langage: Bordeaux, 1860, p. 14. Also, Horne Tooke, Diversions of Purley, p. 19.

16 D. Stewart, Works, vol. iii. p. 27.

17 History of Inductive Sciences, vol. iii. p. 531.

18 Names ending in _ic_, are names of classes as distinct from the names of single languages.

19 Lectures on the English Language, by G. P. Marsh: New York, 1860, p. 263 and 630. These lectures embody the result of much careful research, and are full of valuable observations.

20 Marsh, p. 532, _note_.

21 Marsh, p. 589.

22 Sir J. Stoddart, Glossology, p. 60.

23 Trench, English Past and Present, p. 114; Marsh, p. 397.

24 As several of my reviewers have found fault with the monk for using the genitive _neutri_, instead of _neutrius_, I beg to refer to Priscianus, 1. vi. c. i. and c. vii. The expression _generis neutrius_, though frequently used by modern editors, has no authority, I believe, in ancient Latin.

25 Castelvetro, in Horne Tooke, p. 629, _note_.

26 Bopp, Comparative Grammar, § 320. Schleicher, Deutsche Sprache, s. 233.

27 Foucaux, Grammaire Tibetaine, p. 27, and Preface, p. x.

28 Fuchs, Romanische Sprachen, s. 355.

29 Quint., v. 10, 52. Bonâ mente factum, ideo palam; malâ, ideo ex insidiis.

30 Sanskrit _s_ = Persian _h_; therefore _svasar_ = _hvahar_. This becomes _chohar_, _chor_, and _cho_. Zend, _qaņha_, acc. _qaņharem_, Persian, _kháher_. Bopp, Comp. Gram. § 35.

31 Schleicher, Beiträge, b. ii. s. 392: _dci_ = _dŭgti_; gen. _dcere_ = _dŭgtere_.

_ 32 Hui_ = _hodie_, Ital. _oggi_ and _oggidi_; _jour_ = _diurnum_, from _dies_.

33 See M. M.’s Letter to Chevalier Bunsen, On the Turanian Languages, p. 67.

34 See Marsh, p. 678; Sir John Stoddart’s Glossology, s. 31.

35 Glossology, p. 33.

36 Ibid., p. 29.

37 Nea Pandora, 1859, Nos. 227, 229. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung, x. s. 190.

38 Grimm, Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache, p. 668: Marsh, p. 379.