Chapter 53 of 56 · 3989 words · ~20 min read

Part 53

i. 1 159, 203 14 310 16 202 17 169 18 57, 159, 293, 310 26 222, 232, 359 29 23, 189, 202, 256, 391, 400, 436, 443 32 277 36 429 47 230 ii. 19 170 19 463 iv. 6 463 14 207 26 201 34 407 v. 10, 30 454 18 46 30, 31, 45 453 vi. 44 48 50 415 58 395 vii. 4, 5, 7, 15 188 12 44 16 185, 461 37 210 38 5, 383 56 47 viii. 8, 9 183 10 189 10, 11 184 11 439 12 206 20 185 34 247 40 48 56 423 ix. 1 459 2, 3, 5–7 460 10, 11 461 25 164, 461 28 461 29 165 x. 11 43 xi. 33, 34 309 35 202 43 460 50 320 54 422 xii. 1 422 5 278 xiii. 2 389 27 449, 461 xiv. 9 155 12 164, 231 21 4 23 290 27, 28 46 27 274 30 25 xv. 3 461 15 243 22 434 xvi. 15, 16 155 32 189, 318 xvii. 1 168 3 40 11, 14, 18 25 xviii. 8 422 xix. 6 226 10 454 25, 27 393 26, 27, 30 340 30 402 34 400 xx. 22 399 xxi. 7 295 22 147

ACTS

i. 18 38 26 445 ii. 4 27 iii. 6 387 6, 13 308 vii. 55 203, 398 56 349, 360 ix. 1 255 5 7 x. 9 208 10 317, 363 xv. 10 423 xvi. 22 289 xvii. 18 365 27, 28 291 28 204, 224, 458 xx. 24 382 35 467

ROMANS

i. 17 453, 454 20 37 ii. 14 433 iii. 4 319 19 434, 436 iv. 7 436 11 430 15 433, 434 v. 3, 4, 5 195, 414 19 11, 156, 435 20 305, 435, 436 vi. 3 362 5 426 8 220, 463 10 147 13 249 vii. 7 435 8 434 22 429 viii. 13, 16, 17 228 17 295, 362, 386 20 288 20–24 224–232 26 233 27 234 37 244, 417 x. 2 259 4 24, 292 8 451 10 26, 274, 299 15 199 xi. 5 212 25 376, 420 25, 26 226 33 253 36 205 xii. 19 390 xiii. 4 182 7 345 8 452 10 204 12 461 xiv. 2 370

1 CORINTHIANS

i. 1 201 8 37, 48 23, 24 432 25 319 27 220 30 359 ii. 9 232, 459 15 351, 431 iii. 2 7, 207, 384 6, 7 31 12, 13 439 14, 15 440 18 220 iv. 3, 4 243 9 381 20 315 21 270 v. 3 313 5 418 7 173 8 175 9 361 10, 11, 12 362 12 466 vi. 1, 2, 5 153 4–6 466 7 467, 468 12, 13 247 vii. 4 368 22 450 25 369 26, 32, 34, 35, 37–40 370 34, 38 283 viii. 5, 6 305 ix. 1, 17, 19 242 17 452 26 289 24, 27 243 27 285, 360, 403 x. 2 175 4 290 7 362 12 372 17 416 23 353 29 248 xi. 1 14 3 304 13–15 411 14 216 xii. 7–9 22 7, 11 233 21 279 23 428 28 230 xiii. 1 322 2, 7, 10, 13 456 4 195 7 457 10 395 xiv. 15 233 34, 35 411 xv. 22 423 23 230 28 14, 227, 229, 308 32 280 32–34 364 41 160 45, 46, 47 295 48, 49 213 49 290 54, 55 299, 402 55 308

2 CORINTHIANS

i. 19 29, 204 ii. 10 270 iii. 3 153 17 443 18 161 iv. 6 438 16 429 18 296 v. 4 224 8 203 4, 7, 8, 10 225 15 301 16 255, 307 16, 17 23 17 353 17, 19, 20, 21 256 17, 21 308 21 152, 456 vi. 2 169 5 285 10 381 15 149 vii. 5 244, 417 viii. 9 386, 464 x. 10, 11 314 xi. 2 303, 370 14 149 26 289 27 368 29 231 xii. 2 86, 203 4 234, 398 10 45, 135

GALATIANS

i. 8 281 15 222 18 188 ii. 4 242 6 13, 456 18 338 19 152 20 255, 301, 302 iii. 6 455 10 451 10, 13, 16, 19 441 11, 13 152 13 308, 382 22, 25, 29 442 23 453 24 437, 452 iv. 1, 3 442 4 35, 152, 310, 443 6 228, 231 8 309 10, 11 167 22 455 24 450 v. 1 451 2 455 6 256 13 242 13, 14 452 vi. 11 313 14 382, 457

EPHESIANS

ii. 4, 6 446 14 359, 417 14, 15, 18 447 iii. 1 464 iv. 5 157 8 464 10, 11, 13 447 13 216, 300, 443 14 236 15 444 16 448 22, 26 449 32 384 v. 3 7 3, 5 362 1, 3, 5, 9, 10 445 14 13 24, 25 449 27 369 31, 32 445 vi. 12 144, 289, 381, 445, 449 13 449 16 238

PHILIPPIANS

i. 23 145 24 81, 231 ii. 6 243 6, 7 14, 309 7 23, 307, 310 7, 8 316 7, 11 308 6–8 46 8 421 9 387 16 312 iii. 7 156 8 14 20 159, 392 iv. 7 212, 251 13 207

COLOSSIANS

i. 15 18, 230 16, 17 210 18 230 ii. 9 316, 368 13, 14 272 14 436 20–22 203 20 285 iii. 11 386 13 391 iv. 3 175

1 THESSALONIANS

iv. 4 7

1 TIMOTHY

i. 9 240 ii. 5 309 iii. 2 378 6 379 3–7 69 16 201 v. 6 210 23 367 24 10 vi. 10 10 16 41

2 TIMOTHY

ii. 5 288 11, 12 411 19 375 iv. 2 258, 270 7 288 8 23

TITUS

i. 6, 7, 9 378 iii. 10 66

PHILEMON

1 389, 475

HEBREWS

i. 3 155, 201, 202, 231 5 59 ii. 7 47 iv. 4 299 12 212, 322, 400, 403 13 318 14 301 v. 1 377 2, 4, 5, 7 373 vi. 13 47 18 316, 319 vii. 2, 3 373 16, 17 301 viii. 8, 9 301 ix. 4 18 17 442 x. 7 302 xi. 9 374 26 346 33, 34, 37, 38 380 34 381 xii. 22 222 29 407 xiii. 8 299 12 329

1 S. PETER

i. 12 203, 459 15, 17–19 386 18, 19 426, 443 ii. 18 394 iii. 3 253 3, 4 250 iv. 8 457 v. 8 144

2 S. PETER i. 4 200, 291

1 S. JOHN

ii. 18 174, 301 iii. 9 457 iv. 18 457 v. 1 456 20 40

2 S. JOHN

10 69

REVELATION

i. 8 26, 223, 374, 413 ii. 10 288 14, 15 323 iii. 1 227 v. 12 308 viii. 3, 4 396 xviii. 22 397 xxi. 23 206 xxii. 16 299

INDEX OF LATIN AND GREEK WORDS

Abdicati, 183. absconditam pretio humum, 110, note. acta 33, note. aerarii, 155, note. agnatio, 354. αἴτιον, 28. Almo, 111, note. amentata sententia, 16. ampliavit, 308. apex, 355. ἀποτέλεσμα, 28. arca, 89, note. Astarte, 111, note. aula regalis, 393, note. Ἀφροδίτη Οὐρανία, 111, note.

Basilica, 142, note.

Castellum, 421. cernere hereditatem, 443, note. clarissimus, a title of courtesy, 101, note. claudebat, from claudeo, to be lame, 84, note. cleros, 465. cognatio, 354. compares, 352. confundar, ♦confusus fuerit, 346, 432. contrarius, 218. cornici oculum effodere, 219. creaturam, 1. cubitum, intexti in, 125, note. curiales, 105, note.

Dacia Ripensis, 67, note. decani, 129, note. decurions, 105, note. denarius, 26. dies saeculi, 416. diminuit, 308. dii patrii and indigetes, 97, note. diœcesis, 33, note. distinxisti, 258.

Enneacaidecateris, 166, note. ἐνεργούμενοι, 158, note. ἐντελέχεια, 224. ἐπαρχία, 33, note.

Fiscus, 89, note.

Gigas salutaris, 211, note. gignentia, 110, note.

Illustris, a title of courtesy, 101, note; 137, note. impressio, 379. incipit = μέλλει, 167, note. institutis, 421.

Judicium, 219; judicio, 219.

Laborat, 463. lætus, 470. longaevi super terram, 392. luna, for day of the month, 168, note.

Magister equitum et peditum, 279, note. magister officiorum, 331, note. mensis novorum, 169, note. missam facere, 129, note. Mithras, 111, note. morsus hominum, 298. μοσχεύματα, 247.

Nevel, 187. nivei, 6. nomen and numen, play on, 95. νοῦς, 306.

Pannonia, 108, note. peculium, 98, note. perdendo, 218. præfectus prætorio, 33, note; Italiæ, 128, note. præfectus urbi, 94, note. præpositus cubiculi, 137. præscriptio, 379. primitias, 230. primogenitus, 221; primogenita, 230. primitivus, 221. principes virtutum, 128, note. propria corporis, 225. puer, 464; puerum, 311. puleium, 17.

Refrigerat, 277. reprobus, 360; reprobum, 361. Rhoetia Secunda, 108, note.

Sacramentum, 275. sæculum, 416. sobrietatis inebrietas, 368. sobrii estote, 364. sola, 368. sospitatis indicio, 280. specie, 309. spectabilis, a title of courtesy, 101, note. spiritum, 274. statera, 24. subditus fiat, 434. superpositus, 65, note.

Tractatus concilii Nicæni, 50, note. tubera, 16.

Valeria Ripensis, 108, note. vela, 129, note. Venus Cælestis, 111, note. vibulamina, 247. vicarius, 33, note. vivi, 6.

THE END.

Footnotes.

1 – The word in the original is Sacerdos. It is constantly used by S. Ambrose and other writers of his time for Bishops, though they sometimes add a qualifying epithet, ‘Summus Sacerdos.’ But even alone it is used where the writer is clearly speaking of Bishops, and of Bishops quâ Bishops. Thus it occurs frequently in the Proceedings of the Council of Aquileia, which is itself styled ‘Sacerdotale Concilium.’ See the Article ‘Bishop’ by Mr. Haddan in Dict. of Chr. Ant. Vol. 1 p. 210 b., who refers also to Bp. Taylor, Episc. Assert. § 27. It has therefore been rendered ‘Bishop’ throughout this volume, wherever it is plain that the reference is to Bishops, and ‘Priest’ wherever it is used in a more general way.

2 – This forms the two first books of the ‘De Fide’ still extant among the works of S. Ambrose. The other three books were added afterwards, as S. Ambrose explains at the beginning of Bk. iii, to maintain his statements against the attacks of heretical teachers. The Treatise, ‘De Spiritu Sancto,’ in 3 books, was sent afterwards in 381 A.D.

3 – Nivei. This is the reading all MSS. Ed. Rom. has ‘vivi,’ which would agree better with the text of S. John.

4 – The Benedictine reference for the first of these texts is Prov. xiv. 3. _The lips of the wise shall preserve them_, with which the Sept. and Vulg. agree. In the second the English Vers. has _The lips of the wise disperse knowledge_. Here S. Ambr. agrees with the Sept.

5 – Forum Cornelii was on the Via Æmilia, about 23 miles S.E. of Bononia. It was at this time in the Province Æmilia. The modern name is Imola.

6 – The Benedictine Editors refer this to the ravages of the Goths after Valens’ defeat at Hadrianople A.D. 375. It is on this that they found the date of the letter, but the reference is somewhat vague.

7 – tubera

8 – Amentata illa non manipularis sententia. Ed. Ben. refers to Junius, Adagiorum Centuriae 3, 10, who says ‘Amentatam sententiam dixit D. Ambrosius pro validâ et haud vulgari firmisque argumentis roboratâ. Est autem amentum lori genus quo hasta praeligata validius certiusque libratur evibraturque: hinc amentata sententia ea est quæ neutiquam trivialis est et pedanea, cujusmodi manipularis vocatur, velut a gregario milite profecta, sed eximia et artificio vallata.’ He quotes two passages from Cicero, De Orat. 1 57, 242. Brut. 78. 271, in both which places he uses ‘amentatæ hastæ’ of arguments, and also Tertull. adv. Marc. iv. 33 where he says that our Lord amentavit [Phariseis] hanc sententiam, non potestis Deo servire et mammonæ, where it plainly means, ‘gave them this home-thrust.’

9 – puleium, lit. the herb penny royal.

10 – Bassianus is mentioned among the Bishops who took in the Council of Aquileia, as Bishop of Laus Pompeia, now Lodi Vecchio, S.E. of Milan. The modern town of Lodi is about 5 miles from the site of the ancient one.

11 – He means the day of his consecration as Bishop. So S. Ambr. speaks of his own consecration day as his birthday, Comm. in Luc. vii. 78.

12 – Comum is the modern Como, at the southern extremity of the Lake which takes its name from it.

13 – These words are added by S. Ambrose.

14 – statera.

15 – denarius.

16 – ὅροι.

17 – There is no text in Holy Scripture exactly corresponding to this. Lev. xxv. 11 which is referred to by Ed. Ben. is hardly to the point.

18 – There can be little doubt that the true date is iii. Non. Sept. i. e. the 3rd of Sept., and not Nonis, the 5th. For in 381 A.D. the 5th of Sept. was on a Sunday, and it is hardly likely that a Council would have sat from daybreak till one o’clock (Ep. 10. 5) in the Church on such a day, and moreover it would not have been natural for Palladius to say, as he does in § 47. Non respondebo nisi auditores veniant post Dominicam diem, if he were speaking on a Sunday.

19 – The reading of Ed. Rom. has been adopted, which omits the preposition ‘cum. ’ If this were correct, it would imply that the consuls were themselves taking a leading part in the Council; whereas it is clear that they are mentioned solely as the ordinary way of fixing the year; nor had the consuls at this time any other than such ornamental functions. See Gibbon’s description, ch. xvii. vol. ii. ed. Smith p. 206–208.

20 – By ‘acta’ here are meant formal and official records taken down and published by authority. Thus Jul. Cæsar ordered the ‘Acta’ of the Senate to be regularly published. Suet. Cæs. 20.

21 – It is to be remembered that ‘diocese’ was then a civil and not an Ecclesiastical term. A ‘diœcesis’ was an aggregate of provinces, under the charge of a Vicarius, who was subordinate to one of the four Præfecti Prætorio, each Præfectus having under him a number of dioceses. Thus the Vicarius Italiæ, who was subordinate to the Præfectus Prætorio Italiæ, had in his diocese fourteen provinces, including both Liguria of which Milan was the capital, and Venetia in which Aquileia was situated. It is to be remembered also that Italia at this time meant only the north of Italy, the rest of Italy being now included in the Diocese of Rome, and under the Vicarius Urbis Romae. See the table given in Smith’s Gibbon, vol. ii. p. 315. taken from Marquardt. When the word diocese came into Ecclesiastical use, it was applied, first to “an aggregate not merely of several districts, governed each by its own bishop, but of several provinces (ἐπαρχίαι) each presided over by a metropolitan. The diocese itself was under an Exarch or Patriarch.” Dict. of Chr. Ant. sub voc. ‘Creditâ’ is here read for ‘creditam,’ as required by the order of the words.

22 – It is not certain to whom the Emperor’s letter was addressed. Some have thought that it was addressed to the Pretorian Prefect of Italy. Tillemont maintained that it was addressed to Valerian, Bishop of Aquileia, in whose see the Council was held. The language, though not decisive, seems in favour of the former supposition. In § 7. the Prefect of Italy is spoken of as issuing letters in pursuance of it.

23 – i. e. a copy of S. Paul’s Epistles.

24 – i. e. the Emperor’s letter.

25 – The text here seems defective, nor is there any thing to guide us to supply the lacuna. What is given in the translation is no more than a guess at the meaning of the sentence. The general connection is however clear enough even if it be omitted.

26 – The reading of Ed. Rom. is here adopted, as alone furnishing a reasonable sense. The Benedictine text is unintelligible.

27 – By Illyricum is here meant Illyricum Occidentale, which at this time was under the jurisdiction of the Vicarius Italiæ. (See the Table in Smith’s Gibbon, referred to in note[21] p. 33.) Sirmium, which in the following Century was entirely destroyed by the Goths under Attila, was at this time a place of great importance both civil and ecclesiastical. It is spoken of by Justinian as capital of Illyricum both in civil and episcopal matters (Tillemont, note xv on the Life of S. Ambrose vol. x. p. 739). Its ecclesiastical importance is shewn by the contest in which S. Ambrose engaged with Justina, two years before the Council, 379 A. D. to bring about the election of Anemius as Bishop, when the Empress was using all her influence to cause an Arian Bishop to be appointed. Arianism had been rife there for some time, and Germinus a previous Bishop had been one of the leaders of that party. (Tillemont, S. Ambr. ch. xx.) Illyricum had been finally separated into two divisions, Orientale and Occidentale, by Gratian, in 379 A.D. who transferred the Eastern Division to Theodosius when he made him Emperor of the East, from which time it formed part of the Eastern Empire. (Tillemont, Hist. des Emp. vol. v. p. 716.)

28 – The context requires the reading ‘bonus’ for ‘omnibus,’ which is that of one MS. The same MS. also inserts ‘Deum’ in Eusebius’ next speech, which is required by the argument.

29 – made Himself of no reputation E.T.

30 – But now ye seek to kill me, a man &c. E.V.

31 – By ‘tractatus concilii Nicæni’ is meant simply the Nicene Creed. This is established by S. Ambr. De Fide iii. 15. 125 (518 Ed. Ben.) where, speaking of the letter of Eusebius of Nicomedia read at the Council, in reference to the word ὁμοούσιος, he says, Hæc cum lecta esset epistola in Concilio Nicæno, hoc verbum _in tractatu fidei_ posuerunt Patres, etc.

32 – The reading in Ed. Ben. is ‘carendum.’ If it is genuine, the word must have acquired a sort of transitive sense and have come to mean ‘to be deprived.’ No traces of such an use is to be found in Facciolati or in Ducange. Ed. Ben. quotes a parallel use of ‘abstinendus’ but without any instances. Rom. reads ‘privandum,’ Chifflet ‘curandum,’ either of which give the required sense, but seem corrections without MS. authority.

33 – The text in this passage is defective and confused: but the general sense, as given here, may fairly be made out of it as it stands.

34 – It is to be noticed that the sentence of only twenty-five Bishops are here given out of thirty two or thirty three. It is probable therefore that the Record is defective, and that the sentences of the rest have been lost.

35 – Ed. Ben. here reads, Et cum Secundianus subripuisset. As subripuisset by itself could have no sense, the reading of Ed. Rom. has been adopted, Et cum Secundianus se paullulum subripuisset et postea convenisset. This is adopted in Tillemont’s narrative, Il sortit mesme de l’assemblée, mais il revint quelque temps après.

36 – This is according to the text of Ed. Rom.

37 – The abrupt termination of the discussion with Secundianus, without any account of a decision in his case, seems to point to the same conclusion as the incomplete list of Bishops who give sentence on Palladius, that the Record is defective. Moreover the unusual number of various readings is generally a sign of a defective text. The force and cleverness of the evasions of Secundianus seem sometimes to be lost thereby.

38 – With regard to the names of the sees, those of which the modern name is as familiar or more familiar than the ancient have been rendered by the modern name, those of which the modern name would be unfamiliar to general readers have been left in their ancient form. It would be affectation to call S. Ambrose Bishop of Mediolanum: on the other hand nothing would be gained by calling Felix Bishop of Jadera, Bishop of Zara.

39 – This name is omitted in the list at the beginning, so that there are thirty three in this list, only thirty two in the other. The two presbyters were probably representatives of Bishops, but it is not stated of whom.

40 – It is probable that similar letters were addressed to the Bishops of the other Provinces of Gaul, who had sent Justus as their deputy, and to Africa and Illyricum, though no record of them remains. Possibly they were identical, except the address. Gaul had at this time been so subdivided, that the Vicariate or civil Diocese consisted of no less than seventeen provinces. See Marquardt’s Table, as quoted above.

41 – There is no mention of the condemnation of Attalus in the Records, another proof that they are not complete.

42 – Julianus Valens was Bishop of Petavio or Pettau on the Drave, into which See he had apparently been introduced in the place of the orthodox Bishop Marcus: for this is, according to Tillemont, the meaning of the word ‘superpositus.’ When Pannonia and Illyricum were overrun by the Goths after Valens’ defeat at Hadrianople, (378 A.D.) he deserted his charge. The ravages of the Barbarians are described by S. Jerome ad cap i. Zephan. vol. iii. p. 1645. See Gibbon ch. 26. (from a note in Newman’s Fleury, vol. 1 p. 38.)

43 – The reading here is uncertain. Ed. Rom. has ‘prout jam et sacerdotum concilio sententia in eos lata est.’ Nor is it certain to what laws allusion is made. A long note in Ed. Ben. does not seem to clear up the matter.

44 – Dacia Ripensis. The original Province of Dacia was beyond the Danube. It was conquered and included in the Empire by Trajan. In the time of Aurelian it was abandoned again, and the Danube re-established as the frontier. Then the Roman colonists were removed to the South of the Danube, into the central district of Mœsia, which was then called Dacia Aureliani. This was afterwards divided into two Provinces, called Dacia Ripensis and Dacia Mediterranea, Ripensis being the northern part, extending along the bank of the Danube, whence the name.

45 – “Damasus was made Pope on the death of Liberius A.D. 366. Ursinus, called by some Ursicinus, was, as Damasus had been, Deacon at Rome, and could not endure the exaltation of his former colleague who is suspected of having taken part with Felix, the successor to the power of Liberius, when exiled by the Arians. Ursinus was factiously consecrated by one Bishop, and a contest ensued in which even much blood was shed. Ursinus was banished, and being recalled the next year, was banished again after two months. In 371 he was allowed to leave his place of exile, and only excluded from Rome and the suburbicarian provinces. In 378 he held the factious meetings mentioned in the letter, and was exiled to Cologne. He continued to petition Gratian to restore him, and hence the request of the Bishops at Aquileia.” Note in Newman’s Fleury vol. 1, p. 38.

46 – i. e. Julianus Valens, Bp. of Petavio, mentioned in the preceding letter.

47 – after the first and second admonition E.V.

48 – This Lucius the person who, after the death of S. Athanasius, was forced upon the Church of Alexandria as Bishop, in the place of Peter who had been duly elected, by the Governor of the Province. His crimes and cruelties are recorded at length by Eccl. Hist. iv. 21, 22. He was eventually expelled from the see he had usurped, and is mentioned by Socrates, Hist. Eccl. v. 7, as afterwards dwelling at Constantinople and sharing the fate of Demophilus.