CHAPTER VII Notes

12 D. Hartley: _Observations on Man, his Frame, his Duty, and his Expectations_ (1749; 6th ed., 1834).

13 D. von Holbach: _Système de la nature ou des lois du monde physique et du monde moral_ (1770).

14 Thomas Hobbes: _Elementa philosophica de cive_ (1642); _Leviathan, or the Matter, Form, and Authority of Government_ (1651); _De homine_.

15 John Locke: _An Essay concerning Human Understanding_ (2 vols., 1690).

16 Adrien Helvetius: _Traité de l’Esprit_ (1758).

17 Jeremy Bentham: _An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation_ (1780). E. Dumont (1759-1828) of Geneva, an admirer of Bentham who was domiciled in England, reproduced this work in French in a free abbreviation as _Traités de législation civile et pénale_ (1802). Frederick Edward Beneke followed this abbreviation when he produced a German translation with the title: _Grundsätze der Civil- und Criminalgesetzgebung_ (1830).

18 _Translator’s Note_.—German “enthusiastisches Handeln.” The explanatory periphrasis is added once for all, since “enthusiastic” implies a kind and degree of feeling which is not implied in these philosophical passages.

19 David Hume: _A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects_ (1740). German translation by Heinrich Jacob (2 vols., 1791): _Inquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals_ (1751).

20 Adam Smith: _The Theory of Moral Sentiments_ (1759); _Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations_ (1770). German translation of _The Theory of Moral Sentiments_ by L. Th. Kosegarten (1791). Adam Smith was Professor of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow.

21 “L’amour de la gloire est inné dans les belles âmes; il n’y a qu’à l’animer, il n’y a que l’exciter, et des hommes qui végétaient jusqu’alors, enflammès par ce heureux instinct, vous paraîtront changés en demi-dieux.”—_Œuvres de Frédéric le Grand_, vol. ix., p. 98.

22 R. Cudworth: _Intellectual System of the Universe_ (1678); _Treatise concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality_ (postumous, 1731).

23 H. More: _Enchiridium Ethicum_ (1667).

24 S. Clarke: _A Discourse concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion, and the Truth and Certainty of the Christian Revelation_ (1706).

25 R. Cumberland: _De legibus naturæ disquisitio philosophica_ (1672).

26 W. Wollaston: _The Religion of Nature Delineated_ (1722).

27 _Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times_ (3 vols., 1711). In the second volume there is included his ethical treatise entitled, _Inquiry concerning Virtue or Merit_, which appeared first, in 1699, independently. It was published in French in 1745 by Denis Diderot.

28 F. Hutcheson: _An Inquiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue_ (1725); _A System of Moral Philosophy_ (1755, posthumous).

29 Joseph Butler: _Fifteen Sermons upon Human Nature, or Man considered as a Moral Agent_ (1726).