V.
Vacherot, i. 376 _n._
Vacuum, theory of Demokritus, i. 67; Pythagorean different from Plato's doctrine, iv. 225 _n._
Varro, etymologies, iii. 311 _n._
Vaughan, Dr., iv. 380 _n._
Veron, M., Relativity, iii. 144 _n._
Virgil, general doctrine of metempsychosis in, ii. 425 _n._
Virtue, identified with knowledge by Sokrates, ii. 67 _n._, 239, 240, 321; of what, unsolved, 244; Sokrates and Plato dwell too exclusively on intellectual conditions, 67-8, 83; its one sufficient condition, perfect state of the intelligence, 149; is it teachable, 232, 239, 240, 266, 275, iii. 330 _n._; Xenophon on, i. 230; plurality of virtues, ii. 233; the highest, teachable, but all existing virtue is from inspiration, 242; problem unsolved, _ib._; taught by citizens, 269, 272; quantity acquired depends on individual aptitude, _ib._; analogy of learning the vernacular, 273; is it in divisible, or of parts, homogeneous or heterogeneous, 277; no man does evil voluntarily, 292, iv. 249, 365-7; a right comparison of pleasure and pain, ii. 293, 305; temperance the condition of, 358; natural dissidence of the gentle and the energetic, iii. 272; excess of the energetic entail death or banishment, of the gentle, slavery, 273; Sokrates' power in awakening ardour for, 415; but he does not explain what it is, _ib._; unsatisfactory answers of Sokrates and his friends, 416; quadruple distribution in city, iv. 34; Platonic conception is self-regarding, 104; motives to it arise from internal happiness of the just, 105; view substantially maintained since, _ib._; four cardinal virtues assumed as constituting all virtue where each resides, 134; as an exhaustive classification, 135, 417; difference in other dialogues, 137; the four, source of all other goods, 428; the only common property of, 425; and of vice, 426; of the citizens, the end of the state, 417; Xenophon on motive to practice of, 101 _n._, 135 _n._; Sokrates on its fruits, i. 415; all-sufficiency of, germ in _Republic_ of Stoical doctrine, iv. 102; see _Courage_, _Holiness_, _Justice_, _Temperance_, _Wisdom_.
Vision, doctrine of Empedokles, i. 45; caused by images from objects, Demokritus, 78; Plato's conception of the act of, iii. 129 _n._, 159; Plato's theory, iv. 236; Aristotle on, 237 _n._; ancient theories of, _ib._; principal advantages of, 237.
Voltaire, iv. 233, i. 168 _n._
W.
War, from city's increased wants, iv. 22; class of soldiers, characteristics, 23; both sexes to go together to battle, 46; against Greek enemies to be carried on mildly, 47; Spartan institutions adapted to, 282; military commanders and council, 332; military training of youths, 349; Sokrates on qualities for, i. 133 _n._
Water, the Chaos of Hesiod, i. 4 _n._; principle of Thales, 4; originally covered the earth, according to Xenophanes, &c., 18; Empedokles, 38; discovery of the composition of, ii. 163 _n._
Watt, discovery of composition of water, ii. 163 _n._
Wealth, Plato's view of, iv. 199 _n._
Wedgwood, H., iii. 326 _n._
Weisse, on _Timæus_, iv. 256 _n._
Westermann, on _Menexenus_, iii. 408 _n._
Whately, Abp., on Fallacies, ii. 217.
Whewell, Dr., ii. 48, 193 _n._
Wholes, abstract and concrete, ii. 52, 53; generic and analogical, 48, 193 _n._, iii. 365.
Wilson, Dr. Geo., ii. 163 _n._
Winckelmann, i. 132 _n._
Wisdom, no positive knowledge of, i. 414, 416; in state, iv. 34-5; what it is, 421, 423; see _Knowledge_.
Wise, term applied when men know when and how far to use their accomplishments, ii. 15.
Wise man, the Ideal, see _Expert_.
Women, position of Greek, iii. 1; genesis from degenerate man, iv. 252; inferiority to men, 234, 252; best, equal by nature to second-best men, 42, 171-4; not superior in weaving and cookery, 172 _n._; temporary marriages, 43, 175-8; object, 198; Plato's and modern sentiments, 192, 194 _n._; influence of Aphroditê very small in Platonic state, 197; both sexes to go together to battle, 46; same duties and training for women as men, 41, 46; same duties and training as men, 77; on principle that every citizen belongs to the city, 187; maintained in _Leges_, and harmonises with ancient legends, 196; contrast with Aristotle, 195.
Wordsworth, ii. 250 _n._
Writing, see _Books_.
Wyttenbach, on meaning of _Atheist_, iv. 382 _n._; Plato's immortality of the soul, ii. 423 _n._