CHAPTER XXVII

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THE FORMATIVE PERIOD AFTER THE CIVIL WAR.

Ebb and flow of immigration between 1850 and 1880――Decrease and practical stoppage of Jewish immigration from Germany――The breathing spell between two periods of immigration, and the preparation for the vast influx which was to follow――The period of great charitable institutions――Organization and consolidation――The Hebrew Union College and the Union of American Hebrew Congregations――The Independent Order B’nai B’rith――Other large fraternal organizations and their usefulness――Important local institutions in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, etc.

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