Part 18

----------+----------+---------+--------+----------------------------- | |_Date of |_Area in| _Distinctive _Name of |_Location_|creation_| square | characteristics_ park_ | | | miles_ | ----------+----------+---------+--------+----------------------------- | | | | Rocky | Alberta | 1886 | 1800 |Scenic park; Banff Hot Mountains| | | | Springs; Hoodoos; Lake Park | | | | Louise; Victoria and Lefroy | | | | Glaciers; Lakes in the | | | | Clouds; Mount Temple, 11,626 | | | | feet; Valley of the Ten | | | | Peaks; Mt. Assiniboine, | | | | 11,860 feet; Bow River | | | | Valley. | | | | Yoho | British | 1886 | 560 |Yoho Valley; Lakes O'Hara and Park | Columbia | | | MacArthur; Takakkaw Falls; | | | | Twin Lakes; Emerald Lake; | | | | Natural Bridge; President | | | | Range and Glacier; | | | | Kickinghorse River, | | | | Ottertail Range and Valley; | | | | Fossil Beds. | | | | Glacier | British | 1886 | 468 |Mount Sir Donald and highest Park | Columbia | | | peaks of the Selkirks; great | | | | Illecillewaet and Asulkan | | | | Glaciers; Nakimu marble | | | | caves; Marion Lake, Rogers | | | | Pass. | | | | Revelstoke| British | 1914 | 95 |Mount Revelstoke; Park | Columbia | | | Clach-na-coodin Range and | | | | Ice-Field; Automobile Road | | | | building to summit of Mount | | | | Revelstoke; Lake Eva. | | | | Jasper | Alberta | 1907 | 4400 |Athabasca River and Valley; Park | | | | Yellowhead Pass; the oldest | | | | route across the Rockies; | | | | historic associations; | | | | Maligne Lake and Cañon; | | | | Fiddle Creek Cañon; | | | | Punchbowl Falls; Mount | | | | Robson, 13,036 feet, and | | | | highest peaks of the | | | | Canadian Rockies; Miette | | | | Hot Springs. | | | | Waterton | Alberta | 1895 | 423 |Waterton Lakes; Cameron Lakes | | | | Falls, Bertha and Beaver Park | | | | Lakes; beautiful Wilson | | | | Range; exceptional fishing; | | | | great game preserve. | | | | St. | Ontario | 1905 | 140 |Among the Thousand Islands Lawrence | | | acres | of the St. Lawrence; Islands | | | | especially for summer Park | | | | campers. | | | | Fort Howe | New | 1913 | 19 |Historic park; old fort; Park | Brunswick| | acres | memorials of United Empire | | | | Loyalists, French régime, | | | | Lady Latour. | | | | Buffalo | Alberta | 1907 | 162 |Animal park; home of the Park | | | | Canadian government buffalo | | | | herd, numbering over 2000 | | | | head. | | | | Elk Island| Alberta | 1899 | 16 |Animal park; established for Park | | | | the protection of the elk, | | | | moose, deer; also herd of | | | | buffalo. | | | | Maple |Saskatchewan| 1914 | 19 |Animal park; established for Creek | | | | the preservation of the Antelope | | | | antelope. Reserve | | | | ----------+----------+---------+--------+-----------------------------

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

NATIONAL PARK PUBLICATIONS ISSUED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

(To be had from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.)

Geological History of the Yellowstone National Park _Arnold Hague_

Geysers _Walter Harvey Weed_

Geological History of Crater Lake, Oregon _Joseph S. Diller_

Some Lakes of Glacier National Park _M. J. Elrod_

Sketch of Yosemite National Park and an account of the origin of the Yosemite and Hetch Hetchy Valleys _F. E. Matthes_

Origin of the Scenic Features of the Glacier National Park _Marius R. Campbell_

The Secret of the Big Trees _Ellsworth Huntington_

Glaciers of Glacier National Park _William C. Alden_

The Glacier National Park; A Popular Guide to its Geology and Scenery _Marius R. Campbell_

Excavation and Repair of Sun Temple, Mesa Verde National Park _J. Walter Fewkes_

Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park _F. H. Knowlton_

Mount Rainier and its Glaciers _F. E. Matthes_

Forests of Mount Rainier National Park _G. F. Allen_

Features of the Flora of Mount Rainier National Park _J. B. Flett_

Forests of Yosemite, Sequoia and General Grant National Parks _C. L. Hill_

Forests of Crater Lake National Park _J. F. Pernot_

The National Park Service, Interior Department, is constantly issuing special publications that deal with particular phases of one or more National Parks. A bibliography may be had from the Department of the Interior giving a pretty complete list of all books, pamphlets, and magazine articles which contain information concerning any one or all National Parks. There are also a number of government publications which touch upon special phases of plant and animal life and geology. All issues of the _Sierra Club Bulletin_, _Mazama_, and _The Mountaineer_, contain more or less interesting matter that pertains to one or more National Parks.

BOOKS CONCERNING MANY NATIONAL PARKS

_Nature and Science on the Pacific Coast_

Wild Animals at Home _E. T. Seton_ Our National Parks _John Muir_ Western Wild Flowers _Margaret Armstrong_ Flora of Colorado _Rydberg_ Mountain Wild Flowers of America _Julia Henshaw_ Rocky Mountain Wild Flowers _Clements_ Handbook of Birds of Western United States _Florence Merriam Bailey_ Wild Animals at Home _E. T. Seton_ The Mammals of Colorado _Warren_ The Adventures of James C. Adams _Hittel_ In Beaver World _Mills_ Manual of the Trees of North America _Sargent_ Field-Days in California _Torrey_ Trees of California _Jepson_ Three Wonderlands of the American West _Thomas D. Murphy_

BOOKS CONCERNING THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK

The Yellowstone National Park _Gen. H. M. Chittenden_

Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1 _Rydberg_

Our National Recreation Parks _Nicholas Senn_

Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Yellowstone National Park. Lectures, vol. 10 _John L. Stoddard_

U. S. Geological Survey, Monograph 32, part 2. Descriptive Geology Petrography, and Paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park.

BOOKS CONCERNING THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK

A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains _Bird_ Wild Life on the Rockies _Mills_ The Spell of the Rockies _Mills_ In Beaver World _Mills_ The Story of Estes Park _Mills_ Rocky Mountain Wonderland _Mills_

BOOKS CONCERNING THE MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK

Cliff Dwellers of Mesa Verde _G. Nordenskiöld_ The Land of the Cliff Dwellers _Chapin_ Government publications: Antiquities of Mesa Verde National Park, Bulletin Nos. 41 and 51, together with Excavations and Repair of Sun Temple.

BOOKS CONCERNING THE GLACIER NATIONAL PARK

The Ascent of Chief Mountain, in _Hunting in Many Lands_, edited by Theodore Roosevelt and George B. Grinnell. _Henry L. Stimson_ Blackfeet Tales of Glacier National Park _Schultz_

BOOKS CONCERNING YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK

Indians of the Yosemite Valley _Galen Clark_ In the Heart of the Sierras _Hutchins_ Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada _Clarence King_ The Yosemite _John Muir_ My First Summer in the Sierras _John Muir_ Three Wonderlands of the American West _Thomas D. Murphy_ A Yosemite Flora _Hall_

BOOKS CONCERNING MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK

The Mountain that was God _Williams_ Mount Rainier _Meany_

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE DOMINION NATIONAL PARKS OF CANADA

Through the Heart of the Canadian Rockies _Frank Yeigh_ Canada's West and Farther West _Frank Carrel_ The Fair Dominion _R. E. Vernede_ The New Garden of Canada _F. A. Talbot_ Among the Canadian Alps _Lawrence J. Burpee, F.R.G.S._ Climbs and Explorations in the Canadian Rockies _Norman Collie, F.R.S._ The Canadian Rockies _Prof. A. P. Coleman_ In the Heart of the Canadian Rockies _Sir James Outram_ Among the Selkirk Glaciers _W. S. Green_ The Selkirk Range _A. O. Wheeler, F.R.G.S._ The Selkirk Mountains; A Guide for Mountain Climbers _A. O. Wheeler, F.R.G.S._

PUBLISHED BY THE DOMINION PARKS BRANCH, DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR, OTTAWA

Glaciers of the Rockies and the Selkirks _Prof. A. P. Coleman, F.R.G.S._ Handbook to the Rocky Mountains Park Museum _Harlan I. Smith, Geological Survey, Ottawa_ Geology of the Canadian National Parks _Charles Camsell, Geological Survey, Ottawa_ Nakimu Caves Fish and Their Habitat in the Rocky Mountains Park.

GUIDE TO THE NATIONAL PARKS

BY

LAURENCE F. SCHMECKEBIER

Introduction

The National Parks of the United States are in process of great development as regards the building of roads and trails and the operation of hotels and camps. It is likely that from year to year additional trips will be scheduled and new camps established. The rates given are from the latest data available and may be considered stable, although they are likely to vary slightly from year to year in sympathy with general fluctuations in prices.

Railway rates are given for side trips to all the Parks from the main transcontinental lines, and through rates are given to the important Parks from the principal gateways. The rates are the latest ones in effect and are quoted in order to give the reader a general idea of the cost. The latest rates and combinations of tours may be obtained at any coupon ticket office or from the passenger representatives of the roads tributary to the Parks. There is given on pages 427-31 a schedule showing the cost of side trips on the regular transcontinental tours.

Railroads to the National Parks and the Grand Cañon

YELLOWSTONE PARK: Northern Pacific to Gardiner, Montana; Oregon Short Line to Yellowstone, Montana: Chicago, Burlington & Quincy to Cody, Wyoming.

YOSEMITE PARK: Yosemite Valley to El Portal, California.

SEQUOIA PARK: Southern Pacific or Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé to Visalia, California.

GENERAL GRANT PARK: Southern Pacific to Sanger, California.

MOUNT RAINIER PARK: Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul to Ashford, Washington.

CRATER LAKE PARK: Southern Pacific to Medford or Kirk, Oregon.

GLACIER PARK: Great Northern to Glacier Park or Belton, Montana.

MESA VERDE PARK: Denver & Rio Grande to Mancos, Colorado.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN PARK: Union Pacific to Fort Collins or Greeley, Colorado; Colorado & Southern to Boulder, Loveland, Longmont, or Fort Collins, Colorado; Chicago, Burlington & Quincy to Longmont or Lyons, Colorado; Denver & Salt Lake to Granby, Colorado.

GRAND CAÑON: Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé to Grand Cañon, Arizona.

LASSEN VOLCANIC PARK: Southern Pacific to Red Bluff or Westwood, California; Western Pacific to Keddie, California.

HAWAII PARK: Steamer service from Honolulu, Hawaii.

MOUNT MCKINLEY PARK: No railroad connection until government railroad across Alaska is completed.

HOT SPRINGS RESERVATION: Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific; St. Louis Iron Mountain & Southern; and Memphis, Dallas & Gulf to Hot Springs, Arkansas.

CASA GRANDE RUIN: Southern Pacific to Florence or Casa Grande, Arizona.

WIND CAVE PARK: Chicago & Northwestern or Chicago, Burlington & Quincy to Hot Springs, South Dakota.

PLATT PARK: Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé or St. Louis & San Francisco to Sulphur, Oklahoma.

SULLY'S HILL PARK: Great Northern to Devil's Lake, North Dakota.

Railroads to Canadian Parks

ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK: Canadian Pacific to Banff or Laggan, Alberta.

YOHO PARK: Canadian Pacific to Field, British Columbia.

GLACIER PARK: Canadian Pacific to Glacier, British Columbia.

JASPER PARK: Grand Trunk Pacific or Canadian Northern to Jasper, Alberta.

REVELSTOKE PARK: Canadian Pacific to Revelstoke, British Columbia.

WATERTON LAKES PARK: Canadian Pacific to McLeod or Pincher Creek, Alberta.

BUFFALO PARK: Grand Trunk Pacific to Wainwright, Alberta.

ELK ISLAND PARK: Canadian Pacific to Lamont, Alberta.

ST. LAWRENCE ISLANDS PARK: New York Central to Clayton, New York; Grand Trunk to Kingston, Ontario.

FORT HOWE PARK: Canadian Pacific to St. John, New Brunswick.

Cost of Side Trips on Trans-Continental Tours

ROUTE A. PRINCIPAL NATIONAL PARKS:--

To Seattle or Tacoma via Great Northern, Northern Pacific, or Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; to Portland via Northern Pacific, Great Northern, or Oregon & Washington Railroad & Navigation Company; to San Francisco via Southern Pacific; to Ogden via Southern Pacific or Western Pacific; to Denver via Union Pacific or Denver & Rio Grande; any road to starting-point. Round trip from Chicago, $90. Round trip from St. Louis, $87.50. Round trip from Kansas City, $89.57.

ROUTE B. PRINCIPAL NATIONAL PARKS AND THE GRAND CAÑON OF THE COLORADO:--

To Seattle or Tacoma via Great Northern, Northern Pacific, or Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; to Portland via Northern Pacific, Great Northern, or Oregon & Washington Railroad & Navigation Company; to San Francisco via Southern Pacific; to Denver via Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé; any road to starting-point. Round trip from Chicago, $90. Round trip from St. Louis, $87.50. Round trip from Kansas City, $89.57.

YELLOWSTONE PARK--side trips from ROUTES A and B:

On tickets via Northern Pacific: From Livingston, Montana, via Northern Pacific to Gardiner, northern entrance, and return, $3.00.

On tickets via Great Northern: From Havre, Montana, on west-bound tickets and from Shelby, Montana, on east-bound tickets via Great Northern and Northern Pacific to Gardiner, northern entrance, and return, $15.70.

On tickets via Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul or Northern Pacific: From Butte, Montana, via Oregon Short Line to Yellowstone, Montana, western entrance, and return, $12.25.

On tickets via Burlington to Billings, thence via Northern Pacific or Great Northern to Seattle or Tacoma, there is no charge for side trip via Cody, Wyoming, to eastern entrance.

On tickets via Northern Pacific: From Billings, Montana, via Burlington to Cody, Wyoming, and return, $6.90; stage fare to Park entrance extra.

YELLOWSTONE PARK--side trip from ROUTE A only:--

All tickets on this route read via Ogden, Utah; side trip via Oregon Short Line to Yellowstone, Montana, western entrance, and return, $12.25.

GLACIER PARK--side trips from ROUTES A and B:--

On tickets reading via Great Northern, stopover may be obtained at Belton or Glacier Park Stations without extra charge; no side trip necessary.

On tickets reading via Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul: From Butte, Montana, via Great Northern to Belton or Glacier Park Stations, and return, $13.35.

On tickets reading via Northern Pacific: From Butte or Helena, Montana, via Great Northern to Belton or Glacier Park Stations, and return. From Butte, $13.35. From Helena, $13.15.

MOUNT RAINIER PARK--side trips from ROUTES A and B:--

Tacoma via Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul to Ashford and return, $4.00; stage fare Ashford to Paradise Valley and return, $5.00.

CRATER LAKE PARK from ROUTES A and B:--

Stopover allowed at Medford or Kirk on Southern Pacific without extra charge. Stage fare: Medford to Crater Lake and return, $16.50; Kirk to Crater Lake and return, $6.00; Medford to Crater Lake, thence Kirk or vice versa, $11.25.

LASSEN VOLCANIC PARK from ROUTES A and B:--

Stopover allowed at Red Bluff on Southern Pacific without extra charge; stage fare to Park $10.00 in each direction.

LASSEN VOLCANIC PARK from ROUTE A only:--

On tickets reading via Southern Pacific: From Fernley, Nevada, via Southern Pacific to Westwood, California, and return, $6.85; stage fare[1] to Park $6.00 round trip.

On tickets reading via Western Pacific stopover allowed at Keddie, California, without extra charge; stage fare[1] to Park $14.00 round trip.

[1] No regular service on stage line.

YOSEMITE PARK--side trip from ROUTE A:--

San Francisco via Southern Pacific or Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé to Yosemite Village, round trip, rail and stage, $23.00.

YOSEMITE PARK--side trip from ROUTE B only:--

Merced via Yosemite Valley Railroad to Yosemite Village, round trip, rail and stage, $18.50.

SEQUOIA PARK--side trip from ROUTE A:--

San Francisco via Southern Pacific or Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé to Visalia and Giant Forest, round trip, rail and stage, $24.00.

SEQUOIA PARK--side trip from ROUTE B only:--

Visalia to Giant Forest, round trip, rail and stage, $13.30.

YOSEMITE AND SEQUOIA PARKS--side trip from ROUTE A:--

Tourists should buy ticket to Giant Forest, stopover at Merced in one direction, and buy side trip to Yosemite. San Francisco via Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé or Southern Pacific to Giant Forest and return, round trip, rail and stage, $24.00. Merced to Yosemite Village, round trip, rail and stage, $18.50.

GENERAL GRANT PARK--side trip from ROUTE A:--

San Francisco to General Grant Park and return, rail and stage, $20.00.

GENERAL GRANT PARK--side trip from ROUTE B only:--

Stopover at Sanger may be obtained without extra charge; stage fare to Park, round trip, $8.00.

GRAND CAÑON--side trip from ROUTE B only:--

From Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé at Williams to Grand Cañon, round trip, $7.50.

MESA VERDE PARK--side trip from ROUTES A and B:

Denver via Denver & Rio Grande to camp in Park, round trip, $35.00.

MESA VERDE PARK--side trips from ROUTE A, and only on tickets reading via Denver & Rio Grande:--

From Grand Junction to camp in Park, round trip, $33.30. From Montrose to camp in Park, round trip, $28.90. From Grand Junction to camp in Park, thence to Denver via Antonito and Alamosa, $30.00.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN PARK--side trip from ROUTES A and B:--

Denver to Estes Park and return, rail and stage, $9.60.

Equipment

As all the scenic Parks are in high mountain country, the tourist should be sure to wear warm clothing suitable for rough outdoor use. Woolen trousers or riding-breeches are desirable, not only because of their warmth, but also because they offer better protection in rainy weather. Woolen underwear is recommended because it prevents the body from becoming chilled when a rest is taken when the climber is perspiring; nothing is more uncomfortable or dangerous than cotton underwear wet with perspiration. Women who expect to climb should wear riding-breeches, as bloomers get caught on bushes and offer too much resistance to the wind. A flannel middy blouse allows free use of the arms and body and is far superior to the shirt-waist. A felt hat is best for both men and women; it may be pulled over the eyes as a protection from the sun, and it is far superior to a cap during a rainstorm. Heavy, comfortable shoes and woolen socks or stockings are essential for those who are going to tramp. Wet shoes may be worn if the socks are dry; the shoes will feel cold and clammy at first, but a little brisk tramping will soon make the feet warm and comfortable.

Motorists should bear in mind that the high altitude causes a marked reduction in the power of the engine, so that much more gasoline will be required than at sea-level. Care should be taken that the engine does not become heated on long grades.

Yellowstone National Park

Location: Northwestern Wyoming, southern Montana, and eastern Idaho. Area: 3348 square miles. Season: June 20 to September 15. Address of supervisor: Yellowstone Park, Wyoming.

Railroad Connections

YELLOWSTONE PARK is reached by railroads on three sides--on the north by the Northern Pacific, on the west by the Oregon Short Line, and on the east by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy.

The following rates apply to all entrances or entering via one entrance and leaving via another: Chicago, $47.50; St. Paul, $39.50; St. Louis, $44.50; Kansas City, $37.00; Seattle, $33.15; San Francisco, $66.25.

The Northern Pacific Railway reaches the Park at Gardiner, the northern entrance, by way of a branch leaving the main line at Livingston, Montana. Side trip from Gardiner, $3.00.

The Oregon Short Line reaches the Park at Yellowstone, Montana, the western entrance. This line makes connection with transcontinental roads passing through Salt Lake City or Ogden, and with the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul at Butte, Montana. Round trip in connection with through tickets Salt Lake City or Ogden or Butte to Yellowstone, $12.25. Connection may also be made at Butte with the Northern Pacific Railway.

The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy reaches Cody, Wyoming, 63 miles from the eastern entrance by a good automobile road. All tickets from eastern points on the Burlington system are honored via Cody to the Park boundary without extra charge.

Tourists holding transcontinental tickets via the Great Northern may make the side trip to Yellowstone Park for $15.70 (see p. 428) additional.

Tickets including transportation to Denver, Yellowstone Park, and Glacier Park are sold at the following rates: Chicago, $58.00; St. Louis, $55.00; Kansas City, $47.50.

Coupon tickets may be purchased covering railroad transportation, accommodation at hotels or camps, and automobile transportation in the Park.

Automobile Routes

From the Lincoln Highway the Park may be reached by two routes--on the east from Cheyenne, Wyoming, and on the west from Ogden, Utah. The route from Cheyenne passes through Chugwater, Wheatland, Douglas, Casper, Lost Cabin, Thermopolis, Worland, Basin, and Cody to the eastern entrance, the total distance being 541 miles. From Ogden the route leads through Pocatello and Idaho Falls to Yellowstone, Montana, the western entrance. The distance by this route is 324 miles.

From the Yellowstone Trail the Park may be reached from Billings via Cody to the eastern entrance (175 miles); Livingston to Gardiner, northern entrance (55 miles); Bozeman to Yellowstone, western entrance (93 miles); Butte to Yellowstone, western entrance (170 miles).

Automobiles entering the Park are required to pay $7.50 for a single trip or $10.00 for a season permit. Speed limits range from 8 to 20 miles per hour.

Hotels and Camps

The Yellowstone Park Hotel Company operates hotels at Mammoth Hot Springs (Mammoth Hotel), Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful Inn), Yellowstone Lake (Lake Hotel), and Grand Cañon (Grand Cañon Hotel). It also maintains a lunch-station at Pahaska on the road to Cody. The rates at the hotels are $6.00 per day for rooms without bath. The Fountain Hotel at Lower Geyser Basin is not open.

The Yellowstone Park Camping Company operates permanent camps at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Cañon, and Tower Falls. The rate at the camps for the regular 5-day trip through the Park is $18.00. Rates per day range from $3.25 to $4.00, according to the class of tents.

Transportation

The familiar Concord coaches that were for so many years a feature of travel in the Yellowstone have been discontinued and transportation is now by means of automobile stages. All the transportation is furnished by one corporation, the camping companies no longer operating coaches as was the practice before the consolidation. The automobiles will make the circular tour in 2 days, but this allows no time for seeing anything at the hotels or camps. Coupon tickets covering hotel and transportation within the Park are not sold for less than a 5-day trip.

The regular tour of the Park by the automobile stages costs $25.00. Surreys may be obtained for drives at the important points, but it is far more satisfactory to walk, as the distances are not great.

The hotels will furnish guides for $5.00 per day and saddle horses for $3.50 per day. The camps will supply saddle-horses for $3.00 per day, and guides for $4.50.

[Illustration: TRAVEL-GUIDE MAP OF THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK WYOMING-MONTANA-IDAHO

_By permission of the National Park Service, Department of the Interior_]

Principal Points

The places generally visited are Mammoth Hot Springs, the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, the Grand Cañon of Yellowstone River, and Mount Washburn. All these points lie on the main road system that is traversed by the automobile coaches. The distances along this route are as follows:--

_Points of interest and distances on circular tour on main road from Gardiner, Montana, northern entrance_