Part 14

Keep up your head and your heart, Your hands and your heels keep down, Press your knees close to your horse's side, And your elbows close to your own.

HAPPINESS DEFINED.

Wanting nothing and knowing it.

The mental sunshine of content.

A "will-o'-the-wisp" which eludes us even when we grasp it.

Excelsior! The ever-retreating summit on the hill of our ambition.

The prize at the top of a greasy pole which is continually slipping from one's grasp.

The only thing a man continues to search for after he has found it.

The bull's-eye on the target at which all the human race are shooting.

The goal erected for the human race, which few reach, being too heavily handicapped.

A wayside flower growing only by the path of duty.

A bright and beautiful butterfly, which many chase but few can take.

The interest we receive from capital invested in good works.

The birthright of contentment.

A treasure which we search for far and wide, though oft-times it is lying at our feet.

The summer weather of the mind.

APPALLING DEPTHS OF SPACE. Distances that Stun the Mind and Baffle Comprehension.

"The stars," though appearing small to us because of their immense distance, are in reality great and shining suns. If we were to escape from the earth into space, the moon, Jupiter, Saturn, and eventually the sun would become invisible. Mizar, the middle star in the tail of the Great Bear, is forty times as heavy as the sun. To the naked eye there are five or six thousand of these heavenly bodies visible.

Cygni is the nearest star to us in this part of the sky. Alpha Centauri, in the constellation of Centaur, in the Southern Hemisphere, is the nearest of all the stars. The sun is off 93,000,000 miles; multiply this by 200,000, and the result is, roughly speaking, 20,000,000,000,000; and this is the distance we are from Alpha Centauri. At the speed of an electric current, 180,000 miles per second, a message to be sent from a point on the earth's surface would go seven times around the earth in one second. Let it be supposed that messages were sent off to the different heavenly bodies. To reach the moon at this rate it would take about one second. In eight minutes a message would get to the sun, and allowing for a couple of minutes' delay, one could send a message to the sun and get an answer all within twenty minutes. But to reach Alpha Centauri it would take three years; and as this is the nearest of the stars, what time must it take to get to the others? If, when Wellington won the battle of Waterloo, in 1815, the news had been telegraphed off immediately, there are some stars so remote that it would not yet have reached them. To go a step further, if in 1066 the result of the Norman Conquest had been wired to some of these stars, the message would still be on its way.

SENATOR VEST'S EULOGY ON THE DOG.

"Gentlemen of the Jury: The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son and daughter that he has reared with loving care may become ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith. The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him when he may need it most. Man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees and do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our head. The one absolutely unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is the dog.

"Gentlemen of the jury, A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground, when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he may be near his master's side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer, he will lick the wounds and sores that come in encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince.

"When all other friends desert, he remains, when riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If fortune drives the master forth an outcast into the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him, to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies, and when the last scene of all comes and death takes his master in its embrace and his body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws and his eyes sad, but open in alert watchfulness, faithful and true even to death."

HEALTH AND BEAUTY

WOULD YOU BE BEAUTIFUL?

In womanly beauty the excellences expected and looked for are faultless symmetry of form and feature and a complexion varying in hue as the mind is affected by internal emotion, but with an expression of purity, gentleness, sensibility, refinement and intelligence.

Moore, the poet, has given expression to his ideal of beauty in the following lines:

"This was not the beauty--Oh, nothing like this, That to young Nourmahal gave such magic bliss; But that loveliness, ever in motion, which plays Like the light upon autumn's shadowy days.

"Now here and now there, giving warmth as it flies From the lips to the cheek, from the cheek to the eyes; Now melting in mist, and now breaking in gleams Like the glimpses a saint has of heavenly dreams."

Wordsworth expressed himself in the following lines:

"He was among the prime in worth, An object beauteous to behold; Well born, well bred; I sent him forth Ingenuous, innocent, and bold."

Perhaps you ask how you can attain beauty if you do not possess it; or, if you have some of its qualities, how you may get those you are lacking. If you will practice the following rules you will grow more and more beautiful in the eyes of others, even if age does bring gray hair and a wrinkled skin:

First.--Cleanliness is next to godliness. Practice it in every feature of your daily life.

Second.--Have some purpose to achieve and steadfastly work to attain it.

Third--Cultivate self-discipline; be master of your passions, under all circumstances.

Fourth.--Study to know the laws of life that yield harmony and good health and obey them. Look on the bright side of life always.

Fifth.--Avoid intemperance in all things.

Sixth.--Cultivate every mental and bodily quality that will make you firm in goodness, strong and physically able to be useful to your kind, generous and broad-minded, self-sacrificing, and you will daily and hourly be lovely and grow into the beautiful.

CARE OF THE SCALP AND HAIR.

Beautiful hair, beautiful skin and a beautiful form are the three graces which are the birthright of every woman, but which, through lack of good judgment and common sense, or through thoughtlessness on the part of mothers of growing children, comparatively few possess.

Beautiful hair is one of nature's greatest gifts, and yet we never seem to appreciate it until there is danger of losing it, or until it becomes faded and lusterless because we have not used the right means for preserving it.

The beauty and continuance of the hair depend upon its proper nourishment, gained by the circulation of blood through the scalp, and this must be maintained to keep the hair in good condition.

The structure of the hair is very beautiful, and each hair is contained in a delicate sheath which fits into a slight depression in the skin called the follicle, and around the base of the hair nature has provided glands to secrete oily matter, the purpose of which is to keep the hair glossy.

In early maturity the hair reaches the state of greatest beauty, and at this time the greatest care should be given it, feeding and nourishing it as we would a plant--giving it plenty of air and sunlight, carefully shampooing at least once in ten days. Massage the scalp to keep it loose and flexible. Use electricity, a good tonic, and occasionally singe the split ends.

If this process is commenced at the right time, the result will be fewer cases of baldness in men and thin, poor hair in women.

The hair should also be worn loosely, forming a soft frame for the face, which is always more becoming than tightly drawn hair. Many women drag their hair out by the roots by tying back too firmly.

CARE OF THE SKIN.

A beautiful skin is smooth, soft and clear; the color varies in different individuals. In perfect health it is moist and with the delicate shading of a flower--climate, hair and eyes, of course, determining the color, and the continued beauty of it depending upon pure blood, fresh air and sunlight, also perfect cleanliness and care.

The pores should always be kept free from obstruction and extremes of heat and cold avoided as much as possible. In health, the care of the skin is a simple matter, massage being a great factor, assisted always by the use of pure creams. A good cleansing cream is a great necessity, as it enters the pores and frees them from dirt, leaving the skin soft and pliable, in which condition it is ready to absorb the skin food when the finger massage is given, making it possible for the gentle electric current to force the ointment into the deeper layers of the skin, thus effecting the removal of moth patches, tan, freckles and other discolorations and imperfections. The vibratory massage should follow, the purpose of which is to stimulate the tissues, throwing off worn-out particles and increasing the circulation of the blood by giving proper exercise to the facial muscles, thereby restoring and preserving the color and contour, making the skin beautiful, clear, eradicating and preventing wrinkles.

The use of a pure face powder is absolutely necessary. Best results are obtained by using a blended powder, as the skin tint is thus assured.

TO DEVELOP THE BUST.

A beautiful bust is the desire and admiration of every woman. If nature has not been kind in this respect, any woman can develop a beautiful bust by exercise, bathing and gentle massage with a good bust ointment or skin food.

Electric massage is very beneficial, and if properly given, brings quick and sure results.

Swimming and deep breathing are great aids.

CARE OF THE HANDS.

A study of the hand is very interesting, and if mothers understood more of its beautiful construction many of the little accidents which result in deformed finger nails could be avoided. Mothers should attend most carefully to the early cultivation of their children's finger nails, as the habit of biting them is so easily formed and is sure to permanently destroy their beauty.

A perfect hand is rounded and plump, soft, white and dimpled, with tapering finger tips and filbert-shaped nails, snowing the little half-moon.

It is possible for any woman to have such a hand if she is willing to take time once a week to have the nails treated and to give them a little personal attention each day. Great care should be taken in washing the hands. A mild soap should be used, and particular attention paid to the thorough drying of them, after which a good cuticle cream should be applied and well rubbed in. The same cream may be used to loosen the cuticle at the base of the nail, when it can be gently pushed back, thus keeping the half-moon exposed. An orange-wood stick should always be used to clean the nails.

Massaging the hands at least once a month aids wonderfully in making them symmetrical and keeping the joints flexible and the skin free from dark spots and wrinkles.

INFANT FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT.

It is of prime importance in feeding an infant to do this at regular intervals, since during the first three months of its life the feeding habits of the child should be established, and if care be used in this regard the child will wake of its own accord at the proper time. The last meal at night should be at 11 p. m., and if the child is healthy and will sleep it need not be fed until 3 to 5 a. m. the following morning. In both breast and artificial feeding the above applies, and the same method should be employed; namely, the child should be held in the arms during the meal, which should last from ten to fifteen minutes.

Both in breast and artificial feeding it is possible to overfeed the child. Many infants are systematically overfed. The young mother should understand how small an infant's stomach is. At birth it will hold a little more than an ounce of fluid, or two tablespoonfuls, and at the end of two months only three ounces. If, therefore, the mother persists in trying to give the child four ounces of food, the child will suffer from an excess. Many children during the first few mouths of life bring up their food, and the mother fears that there is some inherited tendency to weak digestion. It is wrong to feed a child simply because it cries, as very frequently it is not a cry of hunger, but one caused by indigestion from overfeeding.

If the child is being fed with the bottle it is important that the food be given at a temperature of 100 deg. F., or as nearly that as possible; never over; and if the child be fed out of doors in its carriage it is well to have a flannel bag of some kind to slip over the bottle to keep it at the same temperature until the meal is finished. Many cases of colic are caused by inattention to this point.

It is a common mistake that when a child cries it needs additional food. There are many cases where a little drink of water is the prime need of the child, and great care should be taken that this is heated to the proper temperature, and especially that no water be given to the child except that which has been boiled. A few teaspoonfuls should be given to the child, therefore, several times a day, but aside from that he should have nothing but his regular food until he is at least a year old. For the same reason, therefore, if a child be fed by the bottle, the water used in preparing the food should have been previously boiled, and care should be exercised not to expose the food to the air during or after its preparation. It should be remembered that the food of a child must be nutritious, and that in this food, especially when at the proper temperature for the infant, bacteria from the air will flourish wonderfully fast, and therefore the food should not be exposed to possible contamination.

It is of very great importance that the feeding-bottles be always clean and sweet. It is an advantage to have several bottles on hand, and also two or three brushes for cleaning. Keep a special vessel, with water in which there is a little bicarbonate of soda, so that the moment the bottle is used it may be thoroughly washed and kept in the water. Do not use a nipple with a rubber tube, but the short, black rubber nipples, which fit over the mouth of the bottle. Do not enlarge the hole in the nipple, so as to make it too easy for the baby to draw its food, otherwise the food being taken so rapidly into the stomach will often cause pain or vomiting. In washing the nipples turn them inside out and see that they are as thoroughly cleaned as possible, and keep them for use in a bottle filled with boiled water with a pinch of boric acid added.

The First Nursing.

It is very important that the child should be put to the breast immediately after it is washed. This is very necessary, both for the mother and the child, and prevents subsequent troubles. The fluid contained in the breast is at this stage called colostrum, and is intended by Nature to act upon the child as a laxative. This first nursing stimulates the secretion of the milk and causes uterine contraction, which is very much needed at this time. It is well to wash the infant's mouth out with sterilized water every time it feeds. For this purpose use clean water which has been boiled and allowed to cool, or a solution of boric acid in boiled water--5 grains to the ounce of water.

Infants, as a rule, should be bathed once a day, but never immediately after being nursed or fed. In very warm weather a child may be sponged in the evening as well as in the morning. The water for the bath of a young baby should be warm, and the temperature can be judged by testing it with the elbow, which is more sensitive than the hand. Lay a small blanket on the lap, cover the child with a flannel and sponge it under the clothes. This prevents it from taking cold from exposure, The room should not be cooler than 68 deg. F., and the door must be kept closed to avoid drafts. Use only pure white soap, and a soft cloth is better than a sponge. The body should be carefully dried and lightly powdered to absorb any moisture that may remain.

THE NAMES OF THE MONTHS.

THE DERIVATIONS OF THE NAMES OF THE MONTHS.

January.--The Roman god Janus presided over the beginning of everything; hence the first month of the year was called after him.

February.--The Roman festival Februs was held on the 15th day of this month, in honor of Lupercus, the god of fertility.

March--Named from the Roman god of war, Mars.

April.--Latin, Aprilis, probably derived from aperire, to open; because spring generally begins, and the buds open in this month.

May.--Lat. Maius, probably derived from Maia, a feminine divinity worshiped at Rome on the first day of this month.

June.--Juno, a Roman divinity worshiped as the Queen of Heaven.

July (Julius)--Julius Caesar was born in this month.

August.--Named by the Emperor Augustus Caesar, B. C. 30, after himself, as he regarded it as a fortunate month, being that in which he had gained several victories.

September (septem, or 7).--September was the seventh month in the old Roman calendar.

October (octo, or 8).--Eighth month of the old Roman year.

November (novem, or 9).-November was the ninth month in the old Roman year.

December (decem, or 10).--December was the tenth month of the early Roman year. About the 21st of this month the sun enters the Tropic of Capricorn, and forms the winter solstice.

DAYS OF THE WEEK.

Sunday, (Saxon) Sunnandaed, day of the sun,

Monday, (German) Montag, day or the moon.

Tuesday, (Anglo-Saxon) Tiwesdaeg, from Tiw, the god of war.

Wednesday, (Anglo-Saxon) Wodnesdaeg, from Odin, the god of storms.

Thursday, (Danish) Thor, the god of thunder.

Friday, (Saxon) Frigedaeg, day of Freya, goddess of marriage.

Saturday, the day of Saturn, the god of time.

The names of the seven days of the week originated with the Egyptian astronomers. They gave them the names of the sun, moon, and five planets, viz.: Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn.

WHAT HOUSEKEEPERS SHOULD REMEMBER.

That cold rain water and soap will remove machine grease from washable fabrics.

That fish may be scaled much easier by first dipping them into boiling water for a minute.

That fresh meat beginning to sour will sweeten if placed outdoors in the cool air over night.

That milk which has changed may be sweetened or rendered fit for use again by stirring in a little soda.

That a tablespoonful of turpentine boiled with your white clothes will greatly aid the whitening process.

That kerosene will soften boots and shoes that have been hardened by water and will render them as pliable as new.

That thoroughly wetting the hair once or twice with a solution of salt and water will keep it from falling out.

That salt fish are quickest and best freshened by soaking in sour milk.

That salt will curdle new milk; hence, in preparing porridge, gravies, etc., salt should not be added until the dish is prepared.

That one teaspoonful of ammonia to a teacup of water, applied with a rag, will clean silver or gold jewelry perfectly.

That paint stains that are dry and old may be removed from cotton and woolen goods with chloroform. It is a good plan to first cover the spot with olive oil or butter.

That clear boiling water will remove tea stains. Pour the water through the stain and thus prevent it spreading over the fabric.

That charcoal is recommended as an absorbent of gases in the milk-room where foul gases are present. It should be freshly powdered and kept there continually, especially in hot weather, when unwholesome odors are most liable to infect the milk.

That applying kerosene with a rag, when you are about to put your stoves away for the summer, will prevent them from rusting. Treat your farming implements in the same way before you lay them aside for the fall.

That a teaspoonful of borax, put in the last water in which clothes are rinsed, will whiten them surprisingly. Pound the borax so it will dissolve easily. This is especially good to remove the yellow that time gives to white garments that have been laid aside for two or three years.

That a good agency for keeping the air of the cellar sweet and wholesome is whitewash made of good white lime and water only. The addition of glue or size, or anything of that kind, only furnishes organic matter to speedily putrefy. The use of lime in whitewash is not only to give a white color, but it greatly promotes the complete oxidation of effluvia in the cellar air. Any vapors that contain combined nitrogen in the unoxidized form contribute powerfully to the development of disease germs.

CHARACTER AS SEEN IN FACES.

Thick lips indicate genius and conservatism. Large dilating nostrils are a sign of poetic temperament and a sensitive nature. A long forehead denotes liberality. Arched eyebrows, good ancestry and amiability. A bold, projecting Roman nose indicates enterprise. Delicate nose, good nature. A large nose, strength of will and character. An eye that looks one cheerfully and frankly in the face shows honesty and faithfulness. Lips slightly curved upward at the ends indicate a fine sense of humor. Soft round cheeks denote gentleness and affection; dimples in the cheeks, roguery; in the chin, one who falls easily in love. A broad chin denotes firmness. Straight lips, firmly closed, resolution. Large ears denote generosity.

BELL TIME ON SHIPBOARD.